States of MatterStates of MatterChapter 22Chapter 22

MatterMatter

Matter is anything that takes up space and has Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.mass.

All matter is made of particles like atoms, All matter is made of particles like atoms, molecules, and ions.molecules, and ions.

These particles are constantly in motion.These particles are constantly in motion.

The amount of motion and the attraction to The amount of motion and the attraction to other particles determines the state of matter. other particles determines the state of matter.

States of MatterStates of Matter

There are 4 states of matter.There are 4 states of matter.

Solid, Liquid, Gas, and PlasmaSolid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma

Solid, Liquid, and Gas are the most common on Solid, Liquid, and Gas are the most common on Earth.Earth.

PlasmaPlasma

Plasma is more common outside of Earth.Plasma is more common outside of Earth.

On Earth it can be found at very high On Earth it can be found at very high temperatures, in items such as fire and temperatures, in items such as fire and lightning.lightning.

SolidsSolids

Objects that are solid have a definite shape Objects that are solid have a definite shape and a definite volume. and a definite volume.

There are 2 types of solids. There are 2 types of solids.

SolidsSolids

Crystalline Solids are solids that are arranged Crystalline Solids are solids that are arranged in a repeating, three dimensional pattern. in a repeating, three dimensional pattern.

Examples- Salt, Diamonds, SugarExamples- Salt, Diamonds, Sugar

SolidsSolids

Amorphous Solids- are solids that do not have Amorphous Solids- are solids that do not have crystal structures. crystal structures.

These have particles that are in a random These have particles that are in a random arrangement.arrangement.

Examples- Rubber, Glass, PlasticExamples- Rubber, Glass, Plastic

SolidsSolids

Which of these represent a good example of a Which of these represent a good example of a crystalline and amorphous solid? Why?crystalline and amorphous solid? Why?

LiquidLiquid

Liquid is matter that has a definite volume but Liquid is matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape. not a definite shape.

The reason that a liquid can have different is The reason that a liquid can have different is because the particles can move freely. because the particles can move freely.

They have enough energy to move apart but They have enough energy to move apart but not enough to move far apart.not enough to move far apart.

Viscosity Viscosity

Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flow. Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flow.

Which tube has the highest viscostiy?Which tube has the highest viscostiy?

Which tube has the lowest viscosity?Which tube has the lowest viscosity?

Surface TensionSurface Tension

Surface Tension is the uneven forces acting on Surface Tension is the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.the particles on the surface of a liquid.

So what does this mean? How can we see So what does this mean? How can we see this?this?

GasGas

Gas is matter that does not have a specific Gas is matter that does not have a specific shape or a specific volume. shape or a specific volume.

Gas takes on the shape and spreads to fill Gas takes on the shape and spreads to fill the volume of its container. the volume of its container.

Gases can be called vapor if they are solid or Gases can be called vapor if they are solid or liquid at room temperature. liquid at room temperature.

Changes in MatterChanges in Matter

We know what the changes are between states We know what the changes are between states of matter...of matter...

How do we change between states of How do we change between states of matter?matter?

EnergyEnergy

The total energy (potential and kinetic) is The total energy (potential and kinetic) is called thermal energy. called thermal energy.

If there is equal amounts of a substance, If there is equal amounts of a substance, the warmer substance has more thermal the warmer substance has more thermal energy.energy.

Temperature and HeatTemperature and Heat

Temperature is the average amount of kinetic Temperature is the average amount of kinetic energy.energy.

Heat is the movement of energy between two Heat is the movement of energy between two objects. objects.

Heat travels from warmer objects to cooler Heat travels from warmer objects to cooler objects. objects.

Learning CheckLearning Check

Draw a Venn Diagram for the properties of the Draw a Venn Diagram for the properties of the states of matter. states of matter.

A scientist places 25 mL of a yellow substance into A scientist places 25 mL of a yellow substance into a 50 mL container. The substance quickly expands a 50 mL container. The substance quickly expands to fill the entire container. What state of matter is it to fill the entire container. What state of matter is it in?in?

How are thermal energy and temperature different?How are thermal energy and temperature different?

Explain how energy is moving when you touch Explain how energy is moving when you touch something and it feels cold. something and it feels cold.