states of matter chapter 8. matter has mass takes up space (volume)
TRANSCRIPT
States of Matter
Chapter 8
Matter
Has mass Takes up space (volume)
Kinetic Theory of Matter
All matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant movement
The type of matter depends on the speed of the movement of its particles
Slowly – solid Little faster – liquid
Fastest – gas Even Faster - plasma
4 states of matter
Solids
Definite shape Definite volume Particles are tightly packed together Particles are moving very slowly (vibrates)
Crystalline Solid
Crystals – repeating orderly arrangement of particles in a solid
Examples: table salt snowflake
Noncrystalline Solid
Amorphous solid – having no form
Appear as solid but are not
Not made of crystals Thick liquid Examples: hard
candy wax, glass, plastics
Liquids
Flows Takes shape of
container Has definite volume Particles farther apart
than in solid Particles move faster
than solid
Gases
No definite shape No definite volume Particles are farthest
apart Particles are moving
fastest Particles bounce off
each other
Plasma
Gas-like mixture of positive and negative charged particles.
Extremely hot substances
Move so fast particles collide forming positively and negatively charged particles.
plasma
Examples: sun nebula fluorescent light
Thermal expansion
Matter expands when heat is added because the particles are moving faster and taking up more room
Matter contracts when heat is removed because the particles are slowing down and taking up less room.
How a thermometer works.
The particles in the gas around it bounce onto the bulb and into the alcohol inside the tube.
The alcohol particles become energized and move faster.
They expand up the tube.
Expansion joints
Found on bridges and roads
Used to help the concrete expand and contract so that it doesn’t crack
Changes of States of Matter
Vaporization – changing from liquid into gas - boiling
- high temperature to boiling point Add heat – particles move faster – break forces Ex. Boiling of water adds heat to H2O until bubbles of gas occur
under surface and rise to the top.
Evaporation – changing from a liquid into a gas - changes gradually at temperatures below the boiling point
Freezing – changing from liquid to solid Remove heat – particles slow down – forces are stronger and
hold particles together
Sublimation – solid changes directly into a gas or gas changes directly into a solid -ex; dry ice hot ice
frozen CO2 (carbon dioxide)
appears to be steaming
Condensation – gas changes into a liquid temperature is at or
below its boiling point
Heat and State Change
Heat of fusion – amt. of energy needed to change a solid into a liquid
Heat of vaporization – amt of energy needed to change a liquid into a gas