states of matter, stoichiometry, what is buffer...

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States of Matter, Stoichiometry,Thermodynamics,

Chemical Equilibrium, Acids - Bases

4 Marks Questions

Q: State explain Grahams law of diffusion. Giveapplications of this law.

A: At Constant P & T, the rate of diffusion of agas is inversely proportional to its density.

1r ∝ ⎯⎯

√⎯d

⎯⎯ ⎯⎯ ⎯⎯r1 d2 VD2 M2 t2 V1⎯ = √⎯⎯ = √⎯⎯ = √⎯⎯ = ⎯ = ⎯⎯r2 d1 VD1 M1 t1 V2

Applications:

★ Ansil's alarm is used to detect CH4 in Coalmines.

★ In the separation of U-235 & U-238 isotopes.

Q: Derive Ideal gas equation.

A: The equation that gives relation between P,V, T, n is called ideal gas equation.

At Constant n & T

1V ∝ ⎯ (Boyle's Law) ...... (1)

P

At Constant n & P

V ∝ T (Charles Law) ..... (2)

AT Constant P & T

V ∝ n (Avogadro Law) ..... (3)

nTfrom (1), (2), (3) V ∝ ⎯⎯

P

∴ PV = nTR

Where R = Universal Gas Constant.

Q: Write any 4 postulates of kinetic moleculartheory of gases.

A: Postulates of a gas are in constant & randommotion

★ Average K.E.∝ T

★ Collisions among molecules are perfectlyelastic.

★ There is no force of attraction between themolecules at room temperature.

Q: Deduce a) Charle's law b) Graham's lawfrom kinetic gas equation.

A: a) Charle's law:

1 2 1PV = ⎯ mnU

2rms = ⎯ × ⎯ mnU

2rms3 3 2

2PV = ⎯ K T (as K.E = KT)

3 V

at Constant P, ⎯ = ConstantT

b) Graham's law:

1 PV = ⎯ mnU

2rms3

1 PV = ⎯ MU

2rms ( ... mn = M )

3⎯⎯ ⎯⎯3PV 3P

∴ Urms or r = √ ⎯⎯ = √ ⎯⎯M d

1r ∝ ⎯⎯

√⎯d

Q: Deduce a) Boyle's Law b) Dalton's Law fromkinetic gas equation.

A: a) Boyle's Law:

1 2 1PV = ⎯ mnU

2rms = ⎯ × ⎯ mnU

2rms3 3 2

2 1PV = ⎯ K T (...K.E = ⎯ mnU

2rms = KT)

3 2

At Constant T, (PV = Constant)

b) Daltons law:

1 m1n1U12rms 1 m2n2U2

2rms

P1 = ⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ P2 = ⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 3 V 3 V

P-total

1 m1n1U12rms 1 m2n2U2

2rms

= ⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ + ⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯3 V 3 V

∴ Ptotal = P1 + P2

Q: What is R.M.S speed?Find URMS, UMP, UAV of SO2 at 27°C

A: R.M.S speed: Square root of mean of squareof speeds of all the molecules of a gas.RMS speed =

⎯⎯3RT

Urms = √ ⎯⎯M

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯3 × 8.314 × 300

Urms = √ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯64/1000

= 3.42 ×102

m sec−1

UMP = 0.8166 × Urms = 0.8166 × 3.42 × 102

= 2.79 ×102 m sec−1

UAV = 0.9213 × Urms = 0.9123 × 3.42 × 102

= 3.15 × 102 m sec−1

Q: Define empirical formula & molecular formu-la. A carbon compound on analysis gave car-bon = 10.06%, hydrogen = 0.84%, chlorine =89.1%. Calculate empirical formula of thecompound.

A: Molecular formula: The formula that givesactual no. of atoms of elements in a com-pound.

Empirical formula: The formula that gives sim-plest rate of atoms of elements in a compound.

C H Cl10.06 0.84 89.1⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯

12 1 35.5

0.84 0.84 2.51⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯ 0.84 0.84 0.84

1 1 3∴ E.F = CHCl3

Q: Define Normality. Calculate the mass ofNa2CO3 required to prepare 250 ml of 0.5 Nsolution.

A: Normality: The no. of gram equivalents ofsolute present in 1000 ml of a solution.

W 1000N = ⎯⎯⎯ × ⎯⎯⎯

G.E.W V(ml)W 1000

0.5 = ⎯⎯ × ⎯⎯⎯53 2500.5 × 53 × 250

∴W = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = 6.63 g 1000

Q: Define molarity. Calculate the volume of 0.1M KMnO4 required to react with 100 ml of0.1 M H2C2O4 . 2H2O solution in presence ofH2 SO4.

A: Molarity: The no. of gram moles of solutepresent in 1000 ml of a solution.

W 1000M = ⎯⎯⎯ × ⎯⎯⎯

G.M.W V(ml)

KMnO4 Oxalic acidV1M1 V2M2⎯⎯ = ⎯⎯

n1 n2

V1 × 0.1 100 × 0.1⎯⎯⎯ = ⎯⎯⎯

2 5∴ V1 = 40 ml

Q: Define heat capacity show that CP − CV = R

A: The amount of heat required to raise thetemperature of a substance by one degree isknown as heat capacity CP is heat capacity

at Constant pressure. CV is heat capacity atconstant volume.

For 1 mole of an ideal gas

ΔH = ΔU + RΔT .......... (1)

But ΔH = 9P = CPΔT .......... (2)

ΔU = 9V = CV ΔT .......... (3)

Substitute (2) & (3) in (1)

CP.ΔT = CV.ΔT + RΔT

by dividing all terms with ΔT

CP = CV + R or CP− CV = R

Q: State & Explain Hess's law of constant heatsummation.

A: The total change in enthalpy in a Chemicalreaction remains constant whether the reac-tion takes place in one step or more steps.

1C (graphite) + ⎯ O2 → CO ΔH = −110.5 K.J

21

CO + ⎯ O2 → CO2 ΔH = − 283 K.J2

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯C (graphite) + O2 → CO2 ΔH = − 393.5 K.J

Q: State Le-Chatlier's Principle. Discuss theprinciple for the industrial synthesis of NH3by Haber's process.

A: If an equilibrium reaction is disturbed eitherby Change in pressure/Concentration/tem-perature, then the system will be shiftedtowards the direction in which the change isnullified or minimised.

N2 + 3H2 2NH3 ΔH = −92.4 K.J

★ Effect of concentration: Addition of N2 orH2, removal of NH3 favours forward reactionto form more NH3

★ Effect of pressure: High pressure (200atmosphere) is used to get more NH3.

★ Effect of Temperature: It is exothermic reac-tion. At low temperature, the rate is slow. Sooptimum temperature 725 K to 775 K is main-tained.

★ Catalyst: Finely powdered iron

★ Promoter: Mo

Q: Derive the relation between Kc & Kp for thereaction 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g)

[SO3]2 P2SO3A: Kc = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Kp = ⎯⎯⎯⎯

[SO2]2[O2] P2SO2

.PO2

PSO3= [SO3] RT; PSO2

= [SO2]RT;

PO2= [O2]RT

[SO3]2 [RT]2∴ Kp = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

[SO2]2 [RT]2 [O2] [RT]

= Kc.(RT)2 − (2 + 1)

Kp = Kc. (RT)−1

Q: Explain "Lewis acid-base theory".

A: Acid: Electron pair acceptor that can formdative bond.

★ All cations (Co+3, H+, Fe+3)

★ Elements with e− sextet (O, S).

★ Incomplete Octet (AlCl3, BCl3)

★ Molecules with vacant d-orbitals (SF4).

★ Base: Electron pair acceptor that conformdative band.

★ Anions (F−, Cl−, OH−)

★ Molecules with lone pairs (..NH3)

★ Molecules with multiple bonds (H − C ≡ C − H)

Q: What is conjugate acid- base pair? Explainwith the help of a) HCO3

− b) O−

H

A: A pair of an acid and base differed by a pro-ton (H+).

a) Conjugate acid of O−

H is H2O

Conjugate base of O−

H is O−2

b) Conjugate acid of HCO−3 is H2CO3

Conjugate base of HCO−3 is CO3

−2

Q: What is hydrolysis of salt? Discuss thenature of salt solutions

a) salts of weak acid and strong base

b) salts of strong acid and weak base

A: The process of reaction of cation or anion orboth of a salt with water to form H+ or

−OH

ions or both.

a) CH3COONa is formed from weak acid &strong base. Conjugate of CH3COOH isCH3COO− (strong base). Undergoes anionichydrolysis to give

−OH ions.

★ The nature of the solution is base & pH > 7.

b) NH4Cl is formed from strong acid & weakbase. Conjugate of NH4Cl is NH4

+ is (Strongacid), undergoes cationic hydrolysis to giveH+ ions.

★ The nature of the solution is acidic and pH < 7.

Q: Define pH. What is buffer solution? DeriveHenderson- Hasselbalch equation for calcu-lating the pH of an acid, buffer solution.

A: pH: -Ve logarithm of Hydrogen ion concen-tration pH = −log10 [H+]

Buffer solution: The solution whose pHremains constant even by the addition of few mlof strong acid or strong base.

eg: acid buffer: CH3COOH + CH3COONa

H+ A− + H2O H3O+ + A−

[H3O+] [A−]Ka = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

[HA]

Ka [HA]∴ [H3O+] = ⎯⎯⎯⎯

[A−]

by taking -Ve logarithms on both sides

[HA] −log [H3O+] = −log Ka − log ⎯⎯⎯

[A−]

[salt]pH = pKa + log ⎯⎯⎯⎯

[acid]

Physical Chemistry lessons of 1st year are very easy tolearn and easy to score marks. Every year 16 marks worth

4 SAQs are given in I.P.E and more than 5 questions inall competitive exams. Balancing of redox reaction inacid medium, basic medium are very important. Learn

square root, logarithms based calculations.Chemistry

ANS Sankara RaoSubject Expert

Writer:

What is buffer solution..?

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IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

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2) act as a facilitator and encourage childrento do individual and group works

3) enable the children to becomeautonomous users of target language

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Sk. Rahamatulla

Subject Expert

Writer:English Methodology

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Communication skills are neglected in..

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øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö GßÊ˛$-ΔˆPÖ-r$ØË˛≤ B«¶MÊ¸ ÁÁ‹–È‚Ê˝œÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸Ö{Á≥´ßëØË˛–˛$OÖ®. 19, 20 ‘Ë˝ôÈ-º™ÃZœ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ Á≥«-¥Î-À-ØË˛ÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸Ö VÊ¸◊˝-±-ƒÊ˝$ÖV> Ú≥«-WÖ®. –ö˛ÀÁ‹ ß¯Ì≥yÓ˛ —´ßëØË˛Ö M>ΔÊˇ-◊˝ÖV> øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ^Û˛ØÛ˛ôË˛, MÊ¸$sÓ˝ΔÊˇ Á≥«-{‘Ë˝-–ö˛$À$ °{–ö˛C∫æÖ-ßÊ˛$À$ GßÊ˛$-ΔˆP-ØÈ≤Δˇ$$. {ºsÏ˝-ÁŸΔÊˇ$œ AØË˛$-Á‹-«Ö-_ØË˛–È◊Ï˝f≈ —´ßë-ØÈÀ –ö˛Àœ ^Û˛ØÛ˛ôË˛ M>«√-MÊ¸$À$, ^Û˛Ü –ö˛ñôË˛$¢-À-–ÈΔÊˇ$ A´®-MÊ¸ÖV> ØË˛ÁŸt-¥˘-ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$. –ö˛≈–ö˛-›Î-ƒÊ˝$ –È◊Ï˝-i≈-MÊ¸-ΔÊˇ◊˝,A´®MÊ¸ Á≥ØË˛$≤À –ö˛Á‹*‚Ê˝œ –ö˛Àœ ΔˇOôË˛$-ÀMÊ¸$ B«¶MÊ¸ C∫æÖ-ßÊ˛$À$ôË˛Á≥µ-ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. 1850&1900 –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ M>ÀÖÃZ ßëßëÁ≥# AΔˇ$$ßÊ˛$ÀÑÊ¸À GMÊ¸-Δ>ÃZœ ØË˛Àœ –ö˛$ÖßÊ˛$ØË˛$ ›ÎVÊ¸$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ößë”Δ> VÊ¸ÖV> –˛$OßëØË˛ {¥ÎÖôÈÃZœ EØË˛≤ ›ÎΔÊˇ-–ö˛Ö-ôË˛-–˛$OØË˛ øÊ˝*–ö˛$$À$ ß˛∫æ-Ü-ØÈ≤Δˇ$$. ©Öô¯ ôË˛ΔÊˇ-^Ë˛$V> øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ MÊ¸ΔÊˇ$–ö˛# M>r-M>À$ {Á≥∫Õ{Á≥fÀ ôË˛À-Á‹« B‡ΔÊˇ —∞-ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Ö ôË˛VÊ¸$YôË˛*–ö˛_aÖ®. 1973ÃZ {ßÊ˛–¯≈-Àæ◊˝ ÃÒ˝MÊ¸P-ÀØË˛$ Á≥«-VÊ¸-◊˝-ØË˛-ÃZMÏ¸ °Á‹$-Mˆ∞ VÊ¸–ö˛$-∞ı‹¢ 1885ÃZ JMÊ¸ ΔˇOôË˛$MÊ¸*Œ Á‹Ö–ö˛-ôË˛fiΔÊˇ BßëƒÊ˝$Ö MÛ¸–ö˛ÀÖ ΔÊˇ*.7.20Ú≥O.1885&1921 –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ M>ÀÖÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸ ‘ÈôË˛Ö VÊ¸◊˝-±-ƒÊ˝$ÖV> Ú≥«W B ôË˛ΔÊˇ-–ÈôË˛ MˆÖôË˛-–Û˛$ΔÊˇôË˛WYÖ®.

1936ÃZ gÍ°ƒÊ˝$ {Á≥◊Í-„MÊ¸ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ ôË˛ØË˛ ÀÑ>≈ÃZœøÍVÊ¸ÖV> JMÊ¸ –ö˛ƒÒ˝*-fØË˛ {‘È—$-MÊ¸$-yÏ˛MÏ¸ 2400 ØË˛$Ö_ 2800MÛ¸À-»À B‡-Δ>∞≤ AÖ®Ö-^È-À∞ Á‹*_Ö-_Ö®. M>±{ºsÏ˝ÁŸΔÊˇœ {Á≥gÍ-–ö˛≈-Ü-ΔÛˇMÊ¸ —´ßëØÈÀ –ö˛Àœ GÖô¯ –ö˛$Ö® MÊ¸ΔÊˇ$–ö˛#M>r-M>-ÀMÊ¸$ ∫Õ AƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$.

ÃÍØå˛-Ú‹-så˝(Lancet) «¥˘Δäˇt B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> 1896&1900–ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ M>ÀÖÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸Ö M>ΔÊˇ-◊˝ÖV> ßëßëÁ≥# 19 —$Õ-ƒÊ˝$ØË˛œ{Á≥fÀ$ –ö˛$ΔÊˇ-◊Ï˝Ö-_-ØË˛r$œ ô˛ÕÌ‹Ö®.

›Î”ôË˛Ö-{ôÈ≈-ØË˛Ö-ôË˛ΔÊˇÖ øÍΔÊˇ-ô¨˛-ÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸Ö1950–ö˛ ßÊ˛‘Ë˝-MÊ¸ÖÃZ —$Øå˛-‡ã‹ MÛ¸À-»À B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> EÖyÛ˛

ßë«{ßÊ˛≈ ΔÛˇQMÊ¸$ ∫ßÊ˛$À$ ∞f —∞-ƒÒ˝*-VÊ¸ÖÚ≥O B´ßë-ΔÊˇ-Á≥yÛ˛ØË˛–ö˛$*-ØÈØË˛$ {Á≥MÊ¸-sÏ˝Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. ßë∞ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ 1956&57ÃZ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸Ö 65 ‘ÈôË˛Ö.

1960–ö˛ ßÊ˛‘Ë˝-MÊ¸ÖÃZ ßë«{ßÊ˛≈ ΔÛˇQ VÊ¸◊˝-ØË˛MÊ¸$ JMÊ¸ –ö˛«PÖVä¸{VÊ¸*ã≥ HΔ>µ-sÒ˝OÖ®. A® i—Ö-^Ë˛-yë-∞MÏ¸ A–ö˛-Á‹-ΔÊˇ-–˛$OØË˛ MÛ¸À-»À$–ÈsÏ˝ MˆØË˛$-V¯-À$MÊ¸$ A–ö˛-Á‹-ΔÊˇ-–˛$OØË˛ BßëƒÊ˝$Ö B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> Á‹Δ>-

Á‹« ßë«{ßÊ˛≈ ΔÛˇQØË˛$ Ø˛ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.20V> ∞ΔÊˇ~-Δˇ$$Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. ßÊ˛ÖyÛ˛-MÊ¸Δäˇ, ΔÊˇ£ä˛ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸Ö 41 ‘ÈôË˛Ö, KgÍ{Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ C® 44 ‘ÈôË˛Ö, ∫Δ>™Øå˛ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ 1965ÃZ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛‘Ëßë«{ßÊ˛≈Ö VÊ¸«-ÁŸxÖV> 54 ‘ÈôÈ-∞MÏ¸ ^Û˛«Ö®.

1970–ö˛ ßÊ˛‘Ë˝-MÊ¸ÖÃZ ßÊ˛ÖyÛ˛-MÊ¸Δäˇ, ΔÊˇ£ä˛ JMÊ¸ –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢MÏ¸ Δ¯k-–È»2250 MÛ¸À-»À B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> ßë«-{ßÊ˛≈-ΔÛˇ-QØË˛$ {Á≥Ü-¥Î-®Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$.©∞ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ 40 ‘ÈôË˛Ö {V>“$◊˝, 50 ‘ÈôË˛Ö Á≥rt◊˝ fØÈøÍßë«-{ßÊ˛≈-ΔÛˇ-QMÊ¸$ ®VÊ¸$-–ö˛#ØË˛ EØË˛≤r$œ ÃÒ˝MÏ¸PÖ-^ÈΔÊˇ$. {Á≥◊Í-„MÊ¸Á‹ÖÁú$Ö HΔ>µ-r$-^Û˛-Ì‹ØË˛ MÊ¸±Á‹ A–ö˛-Á‹-Δ>À sÍã‹P-∏˘Δäˇfi1979ÃZ {V>“$◊˝ {¥ÎÖôÈÃZœ 2400 MÛ¸À-»À, Á≥rt◊˝{¥ÎÖôÈÃZœ 2100 MÛ¸À-»À B‡ΔÊˇÖ JMÊ¸ –ö˛$∞-ÌŸMÏ¸ MÊ¸±Á‹ A–ö˛-

Á‹-ΔÊˇÖV> ∞ΔÊˇ~-Δˇ$$Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1970&80–ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈-M>-ÀÖÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«-MÊ¸–Û˛$ A´®MÊ¸{¥Î´ßë-ØË˛≈-–˛$OØË˛ AÖ‘Ë˝ÖV> –ö˛*«"VÊ¸»º Áfl˝sÍ–¯' –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ ∞ØÈ-ßë-ÀMÊ¸$ ßë« °Ì‹Ö®.

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Á‹MÛ¸fiØÈ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> 2000 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ 50 ‘ÈôË˛Ö–ö˛$Ö® øÍΔÊˇ-°-ƒÊ˝$$À$ ßë«-{ßÊ˛≈-ΔÛˇ-QMÊ¸$ ®VÊ¸$-–ö˛ØË˛ EÖsÙ˝ {Á≥◊Í-„MÊ¸ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö –ö˛*{ôË˛Ö ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸ ‘ÈôÈ∞≤ MÛ¸–ö˛ÀÖ 35%V> {Á≥MÊ¸-sÏ˝Ö-_Ö®. ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ M˙Ø˛fiÃå˝ Bãú AÁ≥œ-Δˇ$$yä˛ GMÊ¸-ØË˛-—$Mä¸ »Ú‹-Δäˇa(NCAER) Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ ÃÒ˝MÊ¸PÀ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ 2009 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ 15.6%fØÈøÍ °{–ö˛ ßë«-{ßÊ˛≈ÖÃZ EÖ®. 2009 ØË˛–ö˛Ö-∫-ΔÊˇ$ÃZ Á‹$ΔÛˇãŸsÒ˝ÖyÊ˛*-ÀPΔäˇ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ ôË˛ØË˛ ∞–Û˛-®-MÊ¸ÃZ ßë«-{ßÊ˛≈-ΔÛˇ-QØË˛$ VÊ¸◊Ï˝Ö-^Ë˛-yë-∞MÏ¸ JMÊ¸ MˆôË˛¢ {Á≥Ü-¥Î-ßÊ˛ØË˛ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. Ø˛À-–È» ôË˛À-Á‹« —∞-ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸ QΔÊˇ$a B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> {V>“$◊˝ {¥ÎÖôÈÃZœ Ø˛ÀMÊ¸$ΔÊˇ*.816(Δ¯-kMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.27.), Á≥rt◊˝ {¥ÎÖôÈÃZœ Ø˛ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.1000(Δ¯kMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.33) QΔÊˇ$a B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> 2009&10ÃZ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸ ‘ÈôË˛Ö 29.6%V>, 2011&12ÃZ 21.9%{Á≥MÊ¸-sÏ˝Ö-_Ö®. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ Á‹$ΔÛˇãŸ sÒ˝ÖyÊ˛*-ÀPΔäˇ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-_ØË˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ °{–ö˛ —–ö˛$-ΔÊˇÿ-ÀMÊ¸$ VÊ¸$ΔˇOÖ®. 2012ÃZ «fΔÊˇ$”ªÍ≈ÖMä¸ Bãú CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* ÃÒ˝MÊ¸PÀ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ ^Ë˛°¢ã-‹-VÊ¸-…ä˛ÃZ AôË˛≈-´®MÊ¸ fØË˛øÍ ı≥ßÊ˛-«-MÊ¸ÖÃZ EÖyÊ˛V>(39.93%), V¯–ÈÃZAôË˛≈ÀµÖ(5.09%).{Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ªÍ≈ÖMä¸ AÖ^Ë˛-ØÈÀ$

{Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ªÍ≈ÖMä¸ GÁ≥µ-sÏ˝-MÊ¸-Á≥#µyÊ˛$ Á≥ΔÛˇa-hÖVä¸ Á≥–ö˛Δäˇ¥Î«sÓ˝ B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> ßë«-{ßÊ˛≈-ΔÛˇ-QØË˛$ {Á≥MÊ¸-sÏ˝-Á‹$¢Ö®. 1990ÃZ C®Δ¯kMÏ¸ JMÊ¸ yëÀ-ΔäˇV> EÖyÊ˛V>, 2015 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ C® 1.9 yëÀ-ΔÊˇ$œV> ∞ΔÊˇ~-Δˇ$$Ö-_Ö®. ©∞ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ {Á≥Á≥Ö-^Ë˛ÖÃZ 20.6% ı≥ßÊ˛fØÈøÍ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝Ö-ÃZØÛ˛ EÖ®. Á‹$ΔÛˇãŸ sÒ˝ÖyÊ˛*-ÀPΔäˇ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝Á‹*_Ö-_ØË˛ Ø˛À-–È» ôË˛À-Á‹« —∞-ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸ QΔÊˇ$aÃZ –ö˛*ΔÊˇ$µÀ$^Û˛Ì‹ {V>“$◊˝ {¥ÎÖôÈ-ÀMÊ¸$ Ø˛ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.972V>, Á≥rt◊˝{¥ÎÖôÈÃZœ ΔÊˇ*. 1407V> 2014 lØå˛ÃZ ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸-Δ>-fØå˛ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝∞ΔÊˇ~-Δˇ$$Ö-_Ö®. D MˆôË˛¢ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ 2011&12ÃZ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ fØÈ-øÍÃZ 29.5% ı≥ßÊ˛ {Á≥f-À$-ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. 2011&12 Á‹ΔÛˇ”B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> GÔ‹t fØÈ-øÍÃZ 43%, GÔ‹fi fØÈ-øÍÃZ 29.4%{Á≥fÀ$ ı≥ßÊ˛-«-MÊ¸ÖÃZ EØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö ›Î–ö˛*-hMÊ¸, –ö˛$ôË˛–ö˛»Y-MÊ¸-ΔÊˇ◊˝ B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> ı≥ßÊ˛-«-M>∞≤ AÖ^Ë˛ØË˛ –Û˛ƒÊ˝$-yë-∞MÏ¸ Á‹^ÈΔäˇMÊ¸—$-sÓ˝∞ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®.

ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸ ∞ΔÊˇ*√-ÀØË˛ M¯Á‹Ö {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö MNREGA,–ö˛$´ßë≈Áfl˝≤ øZfØË˛Ö, AØË˛≤-Á≥NΔÊˇ~, AÖô¯≈-ßÊ˛ƒÊ˝$ AØË˛≤-ƒÒ˝*-fØË˛–ö˛ÖsÏ˝ Á≥£Ê˛-M>-ÀØË˛$ {Á≥–Û˛-‘Ë˝-Ú≥sÏ˝tÖ®. {Á≥gÍ Á≥ÖÌ≥◊Ï˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ßë”Δ> MÊ¸*yë ı≥ßÊ˛-«-M>∞≤ ôË˛WYÖ-^Û˛ {Á≥ƒÊ˝$ôË˛≤Ö ^Û˛›˘¢Ö®.

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y˛O–˛$ØË˛¤Ø¨˛fi M¯_ÖVä¸Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ, VÊ¸$Ör*ΔÊˇ$.

Á≥r~◊˝ ı≥ßÊ˛À M¯Á‹Ö {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-¿Ö-_ØË˛ Á≥£Ê˛MÊ¸Ö?

1. øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö ßÛ˛∞ {¥ÎÜ-Á≥-®-MÊ¸ØË˛ ı≥ßÊ˛-«MÊ¸ AÖ^Ë˛-ØÈ-ÀØË˛$ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö-®-Á‹$¢Ö®?G) fØÈøÍ ÃÒ˝MÊ¸PÀ$ º) gÍ°ƒÊ˝$ BßëƒÊ˝$Ö Ì‹) MÊ¸$r$Ö∫ ßÊ˛ôÈ¢Ö‘Ë˝Ö yÏ˛) ¥˜ßÊ˛$Á≥# Ú≥r$t-∫-yÊ˛$À$

2. H {Á≥◊Í-„MÊ¸ ØË˛$Ö_ ı≥ßÊ˛-«-MÊ¸ÖÚ≥O {Á≥ôË˛≈ÑÊ¸ ßëyÏ˛{¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-øÊ˝-–˛$OÖ®?G) ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ º) –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ Ì‹) ØÈÀ$VÊ¸$ yÏ˛) IßÊ˛$

3. {‘È—$MÊ¸ fØÈ-øÍV> H –ö˛ƒÊ˝$-Á‹$-–È-«∞ VÊ¸$«¢-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$?G) 10&15 º) 21&60 Ì‹) 15&60 yÏ˛) 18&60

4. ÀÑÊ¸≈ {Á≥gÍ-Á≥Ö-Ì≥◊Ï˝ —´ßëØË˛Ö øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZGÁ≥µsÏ˝ ØË˛$Ö_ A–ö˛$-ÃZœMÏ¸ –ö˛_aÖ®?G) 1990 º) 1995 Ì‹) 1997 yÏ˛) 1991

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I. Q uestions (1 -7 ) : Read the follow ing passage

It was a unique friendship that developedbetween a French-Canadian priest and one ofthe world's greatest film directors, and had asingular impact on Bengali films both aca-demically and practically. It was en-route toIndia in1961, at a stopover in New York, that26-year- old Fr. Gaston Roberge wasacquainted with the works of Satyajit Raythrough the Apu Trilogy. He found the worldof Apu so fascinating that he saw all threefilms in one sitting; and there began his long-standing love affair with the people of Indiaand Bengali cinema and culture, which led topath-breaking work in those fields. In his lat-est book, Satyajit Ray, Essays:1970-2005, acompilation of his essays as the name sug-gests, being published by ManoharPublishers, New Delhi, Roberge provides ascholarly, original analysis of Ray's works,giving an insight into the greatness of Rayboth as a person and as an artist. "The ApuTrilogy was, in fact, my first portal to WestBengal and its people," he told Frontline. Inhis youth , all he knew of Bengal was throughMircea Eliade's La Nuit Bengalie, some ofTagore's poems, and a Reader's Digest articleon Mother Teresa. If the harsh image ofpoverty brought out by the article on the"Saint of the Slums" haunted him, Apu'sworld came as a reassurance. "No. Apu,Sarbajaya, even Harihar did not need myhelp-but how not to love them? I thought itwas fortunate that I would soon be amongthem," he wrote.

Now, answer the following questions. Eachquestion has four choices. Choose the cor-rect answer and write (A),(B),(C) or (D) inyour answer booklet. (4x1=4 Marks)

1) The saint in the phrase "Saint of theSlums" refers to A) Sarbajaya B) Sathyajit C) Mother teresa D) Roberge

2) Which of the following words given inthe passage means "totally new".A) Path breaking B) enroute C) stop over D) portal

3) The text you have just read is A) a description B)an autobiography C) a narrative D) a detailed report

4) What does the expression " If the harshimage of poverty brought out by thearticle on the "Saint of the Slums"haunted him, Apu's world came as areassurance" mean?A) Saint of the slum haunted RayB) both the article on the "saint of theslums" and Apu's world depict the pover-ty in IndiaC) Apu's world doesn't show the realpovertyD) the harsh image of poverty is not shownin the article on the "Saint of the Slums".

Answer the following questions in two orthree sentences each (3x2=6 Marks)

5) What did Ray's critics accuse of Ray? DidRoberge agree to their accusation?

6) What does Roberge mean by saying "TheApu Trilogy was, in fact, my first portal toWest Bengal and its people,"?

7) How was Roberge acquainted with theworks of Ray?

Key 1) C 2) A 3) D 4) B5) Ray's critics accused him that he made his

reputation selling India's poverty to theWest . Roberge did't agree to their accusa-tion.

6) When Fr.Gaston Roberge was on his wayto India in 1961, he was acquainted withthe works of satyajith ray through the Aputriology at a stop over in New York. Hefound the world of Apu so fascinatingthat he saw all three films in one sitting.Till then he did not know any thing aboutwest Bengal.Hence , he says that The ApuTrilogy was, in fact, my first portal toWest Bengal and its people.

7) Roberge was acquainted with works ofSatyajit Ray through the Apu triology.Here , triology means a set of three films.The three films directed by ray were sofascinating that he saw all the three filmsin one sitting.

II. Q uestions (1 -7 ) : Read the follow-ing passage

It was a very quiet friendship that devel-oped over the years. Manikda [as Ray wasaffectionately called by his friends] was a shyperson and always very discreet about dis-playing his emotions," said Roberge. Thoughto outsiders, Ray's massive stature- physicaland intellectual- might have made him comeacross as cold, aloof and even intimidating, hewas in reality a very simple and unassumingman with a subtle sense of humour. It was anunspoken arrangement between the two ofthem to meet on Sundays at 9 a.m. at Ray'sresidence on Bishop Lefroy Road, Kolkata.Ray would invite Roberge over for privatescreenings of his latest films and welcomedcomments on them. But this happened onlyafter the friendship had cemented, for in theearly days of their dialogue Ray's shynessprevented him from talking about his ownfilms. "He was even shy of receiving compli-ments," said Roberge. To Roberge, the great-est mark of Ray's appreciation for him wasthat he often addressed the French-speakingpriest in Bengali, "in spite of my lack of ele-gance in that language, and the fact that Rayknew both English and Bengali so well."


1) What does 'this' refer to in the expres-sion , "But this happened only after thefriendship had cemented,….."?A) meeting on Sundays B) making friends with othersC) Preventing Ray from talking about hisown filmsD) inviting Roberge over for privatescreenings

2) What type of text is this passage?A) Narrative B) a conversation C) A Report D) Biographical sketch

3) Gaston Roberge was

A) A French-Canadian priest and a greatfilm director B) an Indian film directorC) The saint of the slums D) Ray's disciple

4) The friendship was developed between A) Manikda and Ray B) Ray and Gaston RobergeC) France and Canada D) France and India

Answer the following questions in two orthree sentences each (3x2=6 Marks)

5) How was ray perceived by the outsiders?Was this perception true of Ray'srealcharacter?

6) Why do you think Roberge would beinvited by Ray?

7) What kind of a person was Ray?Key 1) D 2) C 3) A 4) A

5) The out siders perceived Ray that Ray'smassive physical and intellectual staturemight have made him come across ascold, aloof and even intimidating. Thisperception was not true . In reality Raywas a very simple and unassuming manwith a subtle sense of humour.

6) Ray and Roberge became friends . Theirfriendship was a very quite one thatdeveloped over the years . Ray wouldinvite Roberge over private screeningsand welcomed comments.

7) Ray was shy and always very discreetabout displaying his emotions. He was avery simple and unassuming with a subtlesense of humour

III. Q uestion(8 -12) : Read the follow -ing paragraph.

K.V. Reddy's 'Maya Bazaar' has been votedas the 'Greatest Indian Film' in an online pollconducted by a television news channel. Thepoll was conducted to find out India's greatestfilm till date, on the occasion of 100 Years ofIndian Cinema and people chose 'Maya Bazaar'over other Indian classics. The film is consid-ered one of the enduring classics of Indian cine-ma and was christened as a landmark achieve-ment in Indian film's cinematography, art direc-tion and VFX with the available technology dur-ing that time. The following is a review on thefilm when it celebrated the Golden Jubilee in2007. 'Maya Bazaar' forever! Fifty years ago,director K.V. Reddy or for that matter, producersNagireddy and Chakrapani, would not haveimagined what they were unleashing when theydecided to make Maya Bazaar- a bilingual inTelugu and Tamil. The finished product hit thescreen in 1957 to become a landmark movie inthe Telugu film industry. It became a hit not onlyfor the sterling performances of the star-ensem-ble that it had right from S.V. Ranga Rao,Savitri, NTR, ANR, and Gummadi, but alsobecause K.V. Reddy was in full control overevery frame of it.


8. What is the land mark achievementaccording to the above report?A) producing many Indian classics B) completing the 100 years of Indiancinema C) conducting online poll D) producing Mayabazar

9. Which of the following words in the

passage means" a small groupof artists whoperform togeth-er".A) ensemble B) unleash C) enduring D) christen

10) The finishedproduct in theexpression, "Thefinished producthit the screen in1957…."isA) A bilingual B)Maya bazar C) aland mark movie D ) K V Reddy direction

Answer the following questions in one ortwo sentences each (2x1=2 Marks)

11) Why do you think the movie Maya bazaarbecame hit?

12) what does the word "unleashing" mean?Key 8.D 9.A 10.B11. Mayabazar became hit not only for the

sterling performances of the star-ensem-ble that it had right from SVR , Savithri,NTR, ANRand Gummadi , but alsobecause KV Reddy was in full controlover every frame of it.

12. The word "unleashing" means suddenlylet something with a force.

IV. Q uestions (8 -12 ) : Read the follow -ing passage

It is a tribute to Telugu culture, languageand customs of the land. The film was watchedrepeatedly soon after its release because peopleidentified every character of the film with some-one they knew in their immediate vicinity andthe audience still do the same now. The dia-logues written by Pingali Nagendra Rao (as wellthe lyrics) were the same that the people werehearing or using in their conversations every day- if not, those became a part of Telugu life there-after. Sasirekha's, nay Ghatothkacha's ManadiSodara Prema… became immortalized as muchas Suryakantam's antha alamalame kada whichhas become a way of life in greeting people

Now, answer the following questions. Eachquestion has four choices. Choose the cor-rect answer and write (A),(B),(C) or (D) inyour answer booklet. (3x1=3 Marks).

8) The word "land" in the passage refers to A) India B) Telugu people's land C) Indraprastha D) foreign country

9) The Lyricist of the film was…..A) Pingali Nagender Rao B) KV ReddyC) NT Rama Rao D) Samudrala

10) why was the film watched repeatedly? A) because the people found familiarcharacters in the filmB) because the movie was woven roundSasirekhaparinayamC) because the movie was very niceD) because it was a mythological film

Answer the following questions in one ortwo sentences each (2x1=2 Marks)

11) Why were certain portions of the passageitalicized?

12) Which Telugu expression in the passagewas used to greet people?

Key 8. B 9. A 10. A11. Certain portions of the passage italicized to

highlight the popular Telugu expressions12. Telugu expression in the passage used to

greet people was Antha alamalame kadha.

Why was the film watched repeatedly?

E n g l i s h 10th

Unit 4

FILM S A N D THEATRE

MEDABOINA

LINGAIAH

School Assistant

ZPHS Anantharam

Jangaon Dist.

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OÐðlG-‹Ü-B-ÆŠ‡ h-ÌêÏ l Ô¶æ°ÐéÆý‡… l yìlòÜ…ºÆŠæ l 2 l 201714 Ñ§ýlÅModel QuestionsDirections (Q.No. 1-5): Whatshould come in place of the questionmark (?) in the following questions.1. a) 12 b) 6 c) 4d) 10 e) 15 2. a) 42.45 b) 35.37 c) 56.37d) 54.27 e) 50.473. a) b) c)d) e) 4. a) b) c)d) e) 5. a) 2500 b) (28)2 c) √28d) 50 e) √32Directions (Q. No.6-10): Whatshould come in place of the questionmark (?) in the given numberseries? 6. 10000 2000 400 80 16 3.2 ?a) 0.38 b) 0.45 c) 0.64d) 0.54 e) None of these 7. 2 10 42 170 ? 2730 10922a) 588 b) 658 c) 596d) 682 e) None of these 8. 600 519 ? 406 370 345 329a) 435 b) 455 c) 425d) 445 e) None of these 9. 5 ? 15 75 525 4725 51975a) 6 b) 10 c) 8d) 5 e) None of these 10. 3 6 12 24 48 96 ?a) 192 b) 182 c) 186d) 198 e) None of these 11. The average of five consecutiveodd numbers is 95. What is thefourth number in the descendingorder? a) 91 b) 95 c) 99d) 97 e) 9312. A boat can travel 10.2 kmupstream in 51 min. If the speed of the water current is th of thespeed of the boat in still water,how much distance (in km) theboat can travel downstream in 48min?a) 14.8 b) 15.6 c) 15.2d) 17.4 e) 14.4 13. A grocer sells rice at a profit of10% and uses weights, which are20% less than the market weight.The total gain earned by him willbe: a) 30% b) 35% c) 37.5%d) 36% e) None of these 14. Three women and 18 childrentogether take two days to com-plete a piece of work. How manydays will nine children take tocomplete the piece of work if six women can complete the piece ofwork in three days?a) Nine b) Seven c) Five d) Six e) None of these 15. To an 80% pure gold, of 15grams, how much gold of 75%pure should be added, so that thenew mixture has 78% pure gold? a) 10 gm b) 20 gm c) 25 gmd) 30 gm e) None of these 16. A tap can fill a tank in 6 hours.After half the tank is filled, threemore similar taps are opened.What is the total time taken to fillthe tank completely?a) 3 hrs. 15 minb) 3 hrs.45 min c) 4 hrs d) 4 hrs.15 min e) None of these17. The perimeter of a square is twi-ce that of a rectangle. If the peri-meter of the square is 72 cm andthe length of the rectangle is 12cm, what is the difference bet-ween the breadth of the rectangleand the side of the square?a) 9 cm b) 12 cm c) 18 cm d) 3 cm e) None of these 18. Present ages of Neha and Rashmiare in the ratio of 7 : 8 respec-tively. Six years hence, the ratioof their ages will become 9 : 10respectively. What is Rashmi's present age?(in years)a) 36 b) 24 c) 28 d) 40 e) 42 19. A started a business by investingRs. 4,200/- and after 2 months Bjoined by investing Rs. 3,000/-.At the end of 4 months from thestart of the business, C joinedwith an investment of Rs. 6,000/-At the end of 10 months from thestart of the business, A added anadditional amount of Rs. 1,800/-If A's share in the annual profitwas Rs. 1,620/-. What was thetotal annual profit?a) Rs. 3,960 b) Rs. 3,080 c) Rs. 4,070 d) Rs. 3,320/- e) Rs. 4,180 20. Suhit borrowed a sum of Rs.6300/- from Vikas at the rate of14% for 3 years. He then addedsome more money to the borr-owed sum and lent it to Mohit atthe rate of 16% of simple interestfor the same time. If Suhit gainedRs. 618/- in the whole transact-ion, then what sum did he lend toMohit?a) Rs. 7000/- b) Rs. 6800/-c) Rs. 7200/-d) Cannot be determinede) None of these15? 121 1521− =20541327 112722572554 217 4 4 2 ?90 125× + ×

=×

8734 253711182 3 51 1 ?9 4 8 of + =

1786 24? 1211.75=×

4.8of 25045016% of ?% =

What is Rashmi's present age?N. Vinaykumar ReddyDirector, IACE, Hyderabad.Key & Solutions1.∴ ? = 6 Ans: b2. Ans: b3. Ans: d4. Ans: a5.√? = 39 + 11

√? = 50? = (50)2 = 2500 Ans: a6. 10,000, 2000, 400, 80, 16, 3.2, ?Hence question mark will bereplaced by 0.64 Ans: c7. 2, 10, 42, 170, ?, 2730, 109222 × 4 + 2 = 10, 10 × 4 + 2 = 42, 42 × 4 + 2 = 170, 170 × 4 + 2= 682, 682 × 4 + 2 = 2730, 2730× 4 + 2 = 10922Hence question mark will bereplaced by 682 Ans: d8. 600 519 ? 406 370 345 329600 − 92 = 519, 519 − 82 = 455,455 − 72 = 406, 406 − 62 = 370,370 − 52 = 345, 345 − 42 = 329Hence question mark will bereplaced by 455 Ans: b9. 5 ? 15 75 525 4725 519755 × 1 = 5, 5 × 3 = 15, 15 × 5 =75, 75 × 7 = 525, 525 × 9 = 4725,4725 × 11 = 51975.Hence question mark will bereplaced by 5. Ans: d10. 3 6 12 24 48 96 ?3 × 2 = 6, 6 × 2 = 12, 12 × 2 =24, 24 × 2 = 48, 48 × 2 = 96,96 × 2 = 192,Hence question mark will bereplaced by 192. Ans: a11. Let the five consecutive oddnumbers be x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6and x + 8.According to question,Average = 95∴ Fourth number in descendingorder = x + 2 = 93 Ans: e12. Let the speed of the boat in stillwater = x km/hSpeed of current = km/h According to question.

∴ Required distance Ans: e13. Let us consider a packet of ricemarked 1 kgActual weight = 80% of 1000gm = 800 gmC.P. of each gm be Rs. 1∴ C. P. of 800 gm = Rs. 800C. P. of 800 gm = Rs. 1000S. P. of 800 gm = 110% of 1000Ans: c14. Six women can complete thework in three days.Then, three women can completethe work in six days.∴ 3 women and 18 childrentogether can complete the workin 2 days and 3 women cancomplete the work in 6 days, 18children can complete the work in days = 3 days.So, 9 children will complete thework in 6 days. Ans: d 15. Pure gold in 15 gramsLet the quantity be added in 2ndkind be = x gms

∴ Pure gold in 2nd kind∴ Total weight = 15 + xx = 10 gms. Ans: a16. Time taken by one tap to fill halfthe tank = 3 hrs.Part filled by 4 taps in 1 hourRemaining part = ½ is filled inhrs = 45 mins.Total time = 3 hrs 45 min. Ans: b17. Perimeter of the square = 72 cmPerimeter of the rectangle∴ Side of the square Perimeter of the rectangle = 2 (l+b)⇒ 2 (12+b) = 36⇒ b = 18 − 12 = 6 cmDifference = 18 − 6 = 12 cmAns: b 18. Let Neha's present age = 7xRashmi's present age = 8xAccording to question,70x + 60 = 72x + 542x = 6 ⇒ x = 3Therefore, Rashmi's present age= 8 × 3 = 24 years. Ans: b19. Ratio of money invested by A,B, and C= (4200 × 10 + 6000 × 2) :(3000 × 10) : (6000 × 8)= (42000 + 12000) : 3000 × 10 :6000 × 8= 54 : 30 : 48= 9 : 5 : 8

∴ Total annual profit= 180 × 22 = Rs. 3, 960/- Ans: a20. Let the money lent to Mohit beRs. x. Ans: b3264 1004 Rs. 68008∴ =×

=x48100 3264⇒ =x 618481 640 2 60 = +⇒x 6348100 14 3 618− × × =

×⇒

x 3 6300 3 6116 14100 0 81 0× − × × =∴ ×x ( 1620 9 5 8)9=+ +

×

7 6 98 6 10+=

+xx72= = 18 cm472 = 36 cm2=

1 3 41 32 2× × =

34 1 26= × =

3 (11 5 )4 02 781 0+=∴ +

x x% of pure gold (15 ) 78100= + x75 3100 4×=

x x15 8010 1 g0 2 ms= =×6 26 2×

−

300800Gain% 100 37.5%= × =

110 1000 10100 1 0= =×

48 1560 515 14.4 km

=

+

4860 5 = × +

xx17 10.2 5 = 14 520 ⇒×

⇒ = xx51 10.260 5=− xx5x2 4 58 965+ + + + + + +

∴ =+x x x x x16, 3.2,80 16 3.25 5 5= = = 0.6410,000 2002000, 400,0 4005 805 5= = =

? 121 1521− =

25? 54∴ =

68 32 100?18 12 16 ?2+= ⇒ =

×

217 4 4 290 125 ?× + ×

×=

2 27 3?9 8 ? 4× = =⇒

2 7 139 4 8 ? + =×

2 3 51 19 4 8 ? + =×

1786 241211.75? 35.37×= =

72 5 .? 4 82÷ × =

16 ?100 100 450 250 4.8× ÷ × =

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Explain Ampere’s circuital law..

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Neelakantam shekharDirector

Shekar’s Institute

Nalgonda

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Ö†o°ærúø’) ✤ é¬çvéÃö¸ ®Óúø’f O’ü¿ †úø´úøç éπçõ‰ ´’çîª’ O’ü¿†úø´úøç î√™« éπ≠ædç áçü¿’´©†? – §ƒüΔ©èπ◊´’çîª’èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u °∂æ’®Ω{ù, §ƒüΔ©èπ◊ é¬çvéÃô’ ®Óúø’\Ö´’üµ¿uí∫© °∂æ’®Ω{ù éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ Öçúøôç ´©†

✤ ßª‚®Ω°ˇ™ áûÁjh† Pê®Ω´’®·† ´’¯çö¸áö«o àDN™ ØÁ©éÌE ÖçC? – ÆœÆœM

✤ NüËQ §∂Ú®Ω’d§∂ÚLßÁ÷ Â°ô’d•úø’©’ Å†í¬? – NüËQßª·©’ ´’† ≤ƒdé˙ ´÷È®\ö¸™ Â°õ‰d Â°ô’d•úø’©’

✤ í∫´®Ωo®˝ à ÇJdéπ™¸ v°æé¬®Ωç ®√v≠ædç™ ´·êu´’çvAEEßª’N’≤ƒhúø’? – ÇJdéπ™¸ 164(1)

✤ ÂÆçvô™¸ ¢Á’È®jØ˛ KÂÆ®˝a ÉØ˛Æœdô÷uö¸ áéπ\úø í∫©ü¿’? – éÌ*aØ˛ (Íé®Ω∞¡)

✤ vGöÃ≠ˇ ¢√JÂ°j §Ú®√úÕ† ®√ùÀ ÈíjúÕ™«x à ®√v≥ƒdEéÀîÁçC†¢√®Ω’? – Ø√í¬™«çú˛

✤ ©éπ~uD´€©™ Öûªh®ΩCèπ◊\´ í∫© îªôd*´J DN ÅO’Ø˛D´€©’ Å®·ûË ü¿éÀ~ù Cèπ◊\† í∫© *ôd*´J DNàC? –N’Eé¬ß˝’

✤ íÓ¢√èπ◊ Öûªh®Ωçí¬ í∫© à †C ´’£æ…®√v≠æd †’çúÕ ¢Ë®Ω’îËÆæ’hçC? – õ„JéÓ™¸

✤ Æœyôd®√xçú˛ Ç°∂æ ™«öÀØ˛ Å¢Á’Jé¬ ÅE à üË¨»Eo°œ©’≤ƒh®Ω’? – Ö®Ω’Ííy

✤ ¢ÁEÆˇ Ç°∂ˇ ü¿ ÑÆˇd ÅE Å©°æ‹ï (Íé®Ω∞¡)†’ °œLÊÆh¢ÁEÆˇ Ç°∂ˇ ü¿ Ø√®˝h ÅE üËEE °œ©’≤ƒh®Ω’?

– ≤ƒdé˙£æ«Ùç (Æ‘yúøØ˛) ✤ §ÚÆˇd ví¬úø’ußË’ö¸ ÉØ˛Æœdô÷uö¸ Ç°∂ˇ ¢Á’úÕéπ™¸ áúø’uÍé≠æØ˛ Åçú˛ KÂÆ®˝a áéπ\úø í∫©ü¿’? – îªçúŒ°∂æ’ú˛

✤ íÓ¢√™ í∫© È®çúø’ Øˆé¬ ÍéçvüΔ©™ ´÷®ΩtíÓ¢√§Ú®Ω’d VÈ®j †C äúø’f† í∫©ü¿’ Å®·ûË Öûªh®Ωçí¬ í∫©Åíıúø §Ú®Ω’d à †C äúø’f† í∫©ü¿’? – ´÷çúøN

✤ íÓ¢√èπ◊ vÂ°∂ç* ¢√J †’çúÕ ≤ƒyûªçvûªu´· 1961úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 18† ´*açC. Å®·ûË üΔEéÀ ®√v≠æd £æ«ÙüΔá°æpöÀ †’çúÕ ©Gµç*çC? – 1987 ¢Ë’ 30

✤ úÁçí∫÷u ïy®Ωç üËü¿E ´©† ´Ææ’hçC? – ¢Áj®ΩÆˇ ✤ v•£æ«t°æ€vûª, í∫çí¬, ßª’´·†, ´’£æ…†C™ à †C¶µ«®ΩûªüË¨¡ç™ áèπ◊\´ ü¿÷®Ωç v°æ´£œ«Ææ’hçC? í∫çí¬

✤ v°æ°æçîªç™ ûª®Ω’ù ´·úø’ûª °æ®Ωyû√©’ àN? – £œ«´÷©ßª÷©’

✤ ´’†üË¨¡ç™ ÅA°æ€®√ûª†¢Á’i† N£æ…®Ωç?– ûª¢√çí˚™E •’ü¿’m© N£æ…®Ωç (Å®Ω’ù«îª™¸ v°æüË¨¸)✤ üË¨¡ç™ ÅûªuCµéπ ®ΩDlí∫© N´÷ Ø√v¨¡ßª’ç– ´·ç¶«®·✤ ´’†üË¨¡ç™ ûÌL Çö¢Ë’öÀé˙ õ„L§∂ÚØ˛ áÍéqaçñ¸?

– Æœ´÷x (£œ«´÷îª™¸ v°æüË¨¸)✤ .≤˘®Ω¨¡éÀh Nü¿’uû˝ûÓ D§ƒ©’ éπLT† ûÌL ví¬´’¢Ë’C?

– î√í¬x¢˛’≤Ú®˝ (ï´‚t é¬Qt®˝)✤ ´’†üË¨¡ç™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ °æAh •ôd© N’©’x?

– §Ú®˝d í¬xÆæ®˝ (éπ©éπû√h)✤ Åçûª®√bBßª’çí¬ vUØ˛£æ«˜Æˇ ¢√ßª·´€© ûªT_ç°æ€èπ◊í¬†’ èπ◊CJ† ä°æpçü¿ç àC? – éÓuö v§Úöé¬™¸

✤ éÓdñ¸ú˛ áé¬†O’ Å†í¬? – áí∫’´’ûª’©’, Cí∫’´’ûª’ ©’ îËÆæ’éÓéπ§Ú´úøç

✤ õ‰èπ◊, ¢Áü¿’®Ω’, ≤ƒ™¸ îÁôx™ üËEE vUØ˛ íÓ™¸fÅçö«®Ω’. – ¢Áü¿’®Ω’

✤ C vÂ°j¢Ëö¸ ™„j°∂ˇ Ç°∂ˇ ßª÷Ø˛ ÉçúÕßª’Ø˛ v°œØ˛q °æ€Ææhéπ®Ωîª®·ûª? – ´·™¸\®√ñ¸ Ç†çü˛

✤ First in Service-Best in Banking ÅØË §Úxí∫Æˇà ¶«uçé˙C – ÇçvüµΔ¶«uçé˙

✤ ¶µ«®ΩûªüË¨¡ç™ ¢Á·ôd¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ ¢Á·¶„j™¸ áöÀáç†’v§ƒ®ΩçGµç*† ¶«uçé˙? – â.Æœ.â.Æœ.â

✤ v°æA ®√í¬Eo °æLéÀçîË ≤ƒüµ¿†ç? – ≤ƒ®ΩçT ✤ ñ„ö¸ Éç>Ø˛†’ ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËÆœ†¢√®Ω’?

– Ææ®˝ v§∂ƒçé˙ ¢ÁjöÃx ✤ ßª‚Eßª’Ø˛ °æGxé˙ ÆæKyÆˇ éπN’≠æØ˛ ûª† Ææç´ûªqJéπE¢ËCéπ†’ á´JéÀ Åçü¿ñ‰Ææ’hçC? – ®√v≠æd°æAéÀ

✤ ¶µ«®ΩûªüË¨¡ç™Èé™«x È®çúø´ ÅAÂ°ü¿l ´çûÁ† E®√tùç2010 Ææç´ûªq®Ωç Ø√öÀéÀ áéπ\úø ï®Ωí∫†’çC?

– 22 éÀ™O’ô®Ωx §Òúø´€ ÂÆvO †’çúÕ †O ´®Ωèπ◊ (´·ç¶«®·)

✤ ¢Áj¨»©u°æ®Ωçí¬ v°æ°æçîªç™Èé™«x ÅA Â°ü¿l °æôdùç àC? – ´’¯çö¸Ñ≤ƒ

✤ ¶µ«®Ωû˝™ §Òúø¢Áj† í∫çí¬†C áEo éÀ™ O’ô®Ω’x v°æ´£œ«Ææ’hçC? – 2526 éÀ™O’ô®Ω’x

✤ ¢Áj¨»©u°æ®Ωçí¬ ´’†üË¨¡ç™Èé™«x Â°ü¿l >™«x? –©úµøé˙✤ v°æ°æçîªç™ áûÁjh† öÀöÀé¬é¬ Ææ®ΩÆæ’q à üË¨¡ç™ÖçC – ¶ÔMNßª÷

✤ v°æ°æçîªç™ Â°ü¿lüÁj† á™x≤ÚdØ˛ ØË≠æ†™¸ §ƒ®Ω’\ à üË¨¡ç™ Ö†oC – Å¢Á’Jé¬

✤ v°æ°æçîªç™ Â°ü¿l Dy°æéπ©pç àC? – ÅÍ®Gßª÷✤ ÅGµñ«—†¨»èπ◊çûª©ç™ P´€E ßÁ·éπ\ vA¨¡⁄©ç Ê°®Ω’àN’öÀ? – °œØ√éπ

✤ C È®¢Á†÷u ≤ƒdç°ˇ °æ€Ææhéπ ®Ωîª®·ûª á´®Ω’? – Å´’[ûª v°‘ûªç

✤ 1967™ °æ‹®Ωh®·† Ø√í¬®Ω’b† ≤ƒí∫®˝ ú≈uç N¨Ï≠æçàN’öÀ? – ®√AûÓ éπôd•úÕ†

v°æ°æçîªç™ØË §Òúø¢Áj†† v§ƒñ„èπ◊d ✤ ´’£æ…O®ΩîªJûª†’ ®√Æœ†¢√®Ω’? – ¶µº´¶µº÷A ✤ ≤ÚØÓ ü∑Ó®ΩùÃ *éÀûªp üËEE Ö°æßÁ÷Tç* îË≤ƒh®Ω’?

– ÆæçUûªç ✤ 1912™ ´·vCçîª•úÕ† ®ΩOçvü¿Ø√ü∑˛ ö«í∫÷®˝ ®√Æœ†Uû√çïL †´©èπ◊ á´®Ω’ ´·çü¿’´÷ô†’ ®√¨»®Ω’?

– N’L´’ç •ôx®˝ Ñö¸q (â®√xçú˛) ✤ 1953 Ææç.™ ØÓ¶„™¸ ≤ƒ£œ«ûªu •£æ›´’A §ÒçC†vGôØ˛ ´÷@ v°æüµΔE á´®Ω’? – NØ˛ÆædØ˛ îªJa™¸

✤ ÉçúÕßª’Ø˛ úÁj´’çú˛ ÉØ˛Æœdô÷uö¸ áéπ\úø í∫©ü¿’? – Ææ÷®Ωû˝

✤ ¶µ«®ΩûªüË¨¡ç™ á®·ú˛q ÍéÆæ’ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ ÅCµé¬Jéπçí¬ á°ærúø’ áéπ\úø †¢Á÷ü¿®·çC?

– 1986™ îÁØÁjo™ ✤ ¶µº¢√F DN à †C™ í∫©ü¿’? – éπ[≥ƒg†C ✤ Ç†çü˛´Ø˛†’ 1951™ ´’£æ…®√v≠æd™E ´®Ó®√™≤ƒn°œç*† °æ®√u´®Ωù¢Ëûªh á´®Ω’? – ¶«¶« Ç¢Ë’d

✤ ßÁ÷í∫Íé~´’ç ´’£æ…´’u£æ«ç ÅØËC à ÆæçÆæn ßÁ·éπ\EØ√ü¿ç? – ™„j°∂ˇ É†÷qÈ®Ø˛q é¬®ÌpÍ®≠æØ˛ Ç°∂ˇ ÉçúÕßª÷

✤ ≤ƒyN’ ü¿ßª÷†çü¿ Ææ®ΩÆæyA 1824™ ¢Á÷Ky™ïEtçî√®Ω’. ¢Á÷Ky à ®√v≠ædç™ í∫©ü¿’. – í∫’ï®√û˝

✤ ≤ƒüµ¿† °æ€Ææhéπ ®Ωîª®·ûª?– ®ΩOçvü¿Ø√ü∑˛ ö«í∫÷®˝ ✤ ßª‚®Ó°œßª’Ø˛ ÂÆçvô™¸ ¶«uçèπ◊ v°æüµΔ† é¬®√u©ßª’çáéπ\úø í∫©ü¿’? – C Ê£«í˚ (ØÁü¿®√xçú˛q)

✤ ¢√uö¸†’ É°æpöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ Å´’©’ îËÆæ’h†o üË¨»©Ææçêu? – 130 ¶µ«®Ωû˝ éπL°œ)

✤ Å•q©÷uö¸ @®Ó Å†í¬? –(–273.160 ÂÆ.vÍí)✤ ¶µº÷N’Â°j °æ€õ‰d v°æA úéÀh ÇJnéπçí¬ †®Ωé¬EoÆæ[≠œdç*† ¢√úø´€û√úø’ ÅE °æLéÀ† ÇJnéπ¢Ëûªh á´®Ω’?

– ´÷©nØ˛ ✤ Ææ÷®Ω’uE™ í∫© ¢√ßª·´€©’ àN? – Â£j«vúÓïØ˛

(71%), £‘«Lßª’ç (26.5%) Éûª®Ω ¢√ßª·´€©’ (2.5%) ✤ îªçvü¿’úÕéÀ ¶µº÷N’ îª’ô÷d A®Ωí∫ú≈EéÀ áEo ®ÓV©’°æúø’ûª’çC?– 27 ®ÓV© 7 í∫çô© 43 EN’≥ƒ©’

✤ ÇÆæd®√®·ú˛q àßË’ ví∫£æ…© ´’üµ¿u í∫©´€? – ´÷®˝q, V°œô®˝

✤ ¶µ«®ΩûªüË¨¡ç™ §ƒxÆœdé˙†’ EÊ≠Cµç*† ¢Á·ôd¢Á·ü¿öÀ

®√v≠ædç àC? – ÆœéÀ\ç ✤ á®·ú˛q E®√l®Ωù °æKéπ~ áL≤ƒ†’ NÆæhJç°æ€´·?

– áçñ„j¢˛’ Lçé˙úø É´‚uØÓ ≤ƒÈ®dçö¸ ÅÂÆq ✤ 1962™ ¶µ«®Ωû˝–îÁjØ√© ´’üµ¿u ßª·ü¿mç ïJT†Ææ´’ßª’ç™ ¶µ«®Ωûª ®Ωéπ~ù ´’çvA á´®Ω’?

– N.Èé.éπ[≠ægO’†Ø˛ ✤ 1922™ ïJT† î¯K–î¯®√ Ææç°∂æ’ô† ïJT† Ææ´’ßª’ç™ ¢Ájv≤ƒß˝’ á´®Ω’ ÖØ√o®Ω’? –™«®˝f LØ˛Lû˝íÓ

✤ Íéçvü¿ ØË®Ω °æJ¨üµ¿Ø√ ÆæçÆæn Æœ.G.â.†’ á°ærà®√pô’ îË¨»®Ω’? – 1963™

✤ üË´ Ææ´÷ñ«Eo ≤ƒn°œç*†¢√®Ω’?– P´Ø√®√ßª’ù˝ ÇTo£æ«ÙvA

✤ ûËßª÷èπ◊ °æçúÕçîª’ôèπ◊ à ®Ωéπ¢Á’i† ØË©©’ Å†’´€í¬Öçö«®·? – äçvúø’ØË©©

✤ C ÉçúÕßª’Ø˛ ÉØ˛Æœdô÷uö¸ Ç°∂ˇ °æ™¸q KÂÆ®˝a áéπ\úøí∫©ü¿’? – é¬†÷p®˝

✤ ´’£œ«∞¡©èπ◊ îªôdÆæ¶µº™x 50 ¨»ûªç JïÍ®y≠æØ˛éπLpçîªúøç™ îªôdç îËÆœ† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ®√v≠ædç? – H£æ«®˝

✤ ¶µ«®ΩûªüË¨¡ îªJvûª™ ü¿éÀ~ù ¶µ«®Ωû˝ †’ç* ¢Á·ôd¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ á´È®Æˇd Pê®√Eo ÅCµ®Ó£œ«ç*† ûÌL úéÀhí¬Jé¬®Ω’f Ææ[≠œdç*† éπ®√gôéπ E¢√Æœ á´®Ω’?

–Æœ.áØ˛.í∫ù‰≠ˇ ✤ v°æ¶µº’ûÓyüÓuí¬™x ¢Á·ûªhç JïÍ®y≠æ†’x 50 ¨»û√EéÀN’çîª®√ü¿E Ææ’v°‘çéÓ®Ω’d à ÍéÆæ’™ B®Ω’pE*açC? – ÉçvüΔÆæ£æ…F ÍéÆæ’ (1993)

✤ ≤ƒÍ® ï£æ…ÊÆ Åî√a¥..Ííßª÷EéÀ Ææy®Ωéπ©p† îËÆœ†¢√®Ω’?– °æçúÕû˝ ®ΩN¨¡çéπ®˝ 1945 Ææç.™

✤ ®√@¢˛í¬çDµ Åçûª®√bBßª’ N´÷Ø√v¨¡ßª’ç v°æûËuéπûªàN’öÀ? – üË¨¡ç™ØË ¢Á·ôd¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ vÂ°j¢Ëô’®Ωçí∫ç™ v°æ¢Ájô’ v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¶µ«í∫≤ƒy´’uç™EJtç°æ•úÕ† N´÷Ø√v¨¡ßª’ç.

✤ ´’†üË¨¡ç™ ïØ√¶µ« °æ®Ωçí¬ ÅA Â°ü¿l †í∫®Ω¢Ë’C? – ´·ç¶«®·

✤ ¢Á’iÆæ÷®˝™í∫© áûÁjh† ï©§ƒûªç àC? – ñ„®Ìq°æp (292 O’ô®Ω’x)

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