statistical annex - who

STATISTICAL ANNEX

259

Country/area Region Name of National data coordinator(s)Afghanistan Eastern Mediterranean Paigham, FahimAlbania Europe Qirjako, GentianaAlgeria Africa Djamila, Nadir; Boutalbi, HachemiAndorra Europe Rubio, Moisés TomásAngola Africa Teixera, NoéliaAntigua and Barbuda Americas Henry, EnaArgentina Americas Rojas Dias, PabloArmenia Europe Gyurjyan, KristinaAustralia Western Pacific Goldsworthy, JohnAustria Europe Labuda, MartinAzerbaijan Europe Talinshinskiy, RustamBahamas Americas Mortimer, KarenBahrain Eastern Mediterranean Deeb Obeid, AmjadBangladesh South-East Asia Sabur, Md AbdusBarbados Americas Carter-Taylor, DeniseBelarus Europe Beletski, AlexandrBelgium Europe Van den Berghe, WouterBelize Americas Hegar, AntonioBenin Africa Chaffa Boni, ChristianBhutan South-East Asia Pemba, KarmaBolivia (Plurinational State of) Americas Silva, EdwinBosnia and Herzegovina Europe Šeranic, Alen; Begovic Sockic, ElmaBotswana Africa Khudu, GomotsegangBrazil Americas Alves da Silva, Marta Maria; Alves Bahia, CamilaBulgaria Europe Tsenova, PavlinaBurkina Faso Africa Sanon, CasimirCabo Verde Africa Rodrigues, SandraCambodia Western Pacific Prak, Piseth RaingseyCameroon Africa Eloundou Fouda, Jean-JacquesCanada Americas Boase, PaulCentral African Republic Africa Ngouingana, JoëlChad Africa Gocke, MahamatChile Americas Mimica Porras, Danica; Medina, CarlaChina (People's Republic of) Western Pacific Duan, LeileiColombia Americas Gaitan Rodriguez, YazminCongo Africa Longo-Abondet, ThéodoreCook Islands Western Pacific Tangaroa, EdwinaCosta Rica Americas Guzmán Duarte, TeresitaCôte d’Ivoire Africa Tidjane, AmadouCroatia Europe Brkic Bilos, IvanaCuba Americas Basanta Montesinos, MarlénCyprus Europe Pavlou, PavlosCzech Republic Europe Benešová, VeronikaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Africa Mwaluka Kyembe, Christophe

Denmark Europe Hemdorff, StigDjibouti Eastern Mediterranean Mohamed Garad, AbdoulkaderDominica Americas Riketts, PaulDominican Republic Americas Pichardo, Luis; Cuadrado Espiña, JoaquinEcuador Americas Villa, JorgeEgypt Eastern Mediterranean Abdelaziz, SuzanEl Salvador Americas Morán de García, Silvia ArgentinaEritrea Africa Tesfazion, AndeberhanEstonia Europe Ude, Reigo

TABLE A1NATIONAL DATA COORDINATORS BY COUNTRY/AREA AND WHO REGION

260

Country/area Region Name of National data coordinator(s)Ethiopia Africa Belete, YonasFiji Western Pacific Bosenavulagi, AseriFinland Europe Jääskeläinen, PetriFrance Europe Valmain, JoëlGabon Africa Soami, Vladimir; Nzue Mba, EmmanuelGambia Africa Drammeh, EssaGeorgia Europe Chachava, TamarGermany Europe No NDCGhana Africa Afukaar, Francis K.Greece Europe Papanikolau, SpiridonGuatemala Americas Chacón, Ana MaríaGuinea Africa Beavogui, KezelyGuinea-Bissau Africa Manjuba, CristovãoGuyana Americas Doorgen, RamonaHonduras Americas Cálix Alvarado, Dario RobertoHungary Europe Varsányi, PéterIceland Europe Thordardottir, Edda BjorkIndia South-East Asia Lochan, RajeevIndonesia South-East Asia Rahajeng, EkowatiIran (Islamic Republic of) Eastern Mediterranean Haddadi, MashyanehIraq Eastern Mediterranean Hatem Bayati, DhuhaIreland Europe Hayes, NicolaIsrael Europe Peleg, KobiItaly Europe Lecce, Maria GiuseppinaJamaica Americas Grant, AndrieneJapan Western Pacific Shimizu, TakayukiJordan Eastern Mediterranean Habashneh, MalekKazakhstan Europe Batpenov, NurlanKenya Africa Mwai Githinji, WilfredKiribati Western Pacific Rubeiariki, MweritongaKuwait Eastern Mediterranean Kuheil Al-Otaibi, HamedKyrgyzstan Europe Anarkulov, BekturLao People's Democratic Republic Western Pacific Mektakul, Somnuk

Latvia Europe Feldmane, JanaLebanon Eastern Mediterranean Ghosen, Nada; Ali Youssef, Dalal; Hawila, EliLesotho Africa Mputsoe, KabeloLiberia Africa Shannon, FultonLibya Eastern Mediterranean Hamir, OmarLithuania Europe Mekšri nait , DianaLuxemburg Europe Krippler, SergeMadagascar Africa Rasoeliarimanana, RazafindranazyMalawi Africa Chirwa, JamesMalaysia Western Pacific Binti Taib, ZakiraMaldives South-East Asia Shabana, FathimathMali Africa Maiga, OusmaneMalta Europe Galea, AudreyMarshall Islands Western Pacific Andrike Alfred, CharlynneMauritania Africa Traoré, AbdellahiMauritius Africa Saeed Jewon, Mahmad Mexico Americas Rosas Osuna, Sergio RodrigoMicronesia (Federated States of) Western Pacific David, Wincener

Monaco Europe Palmaro, ChristianMongolia Western Pacific Tsogzolmaa, NanjaaMontenegro Europe Stojanovic, SvetlanaMorocco Eastern Mediterranean Boulaajoul, Benacer; Bardan, Ahmed

261

Country/area Region Name of National data coordinator(s)Mozambique Africa Moiane, MessiasMyanmar South-East Asia Lwin, ThitNamibia Africa Shigwedha, LainaNepal South-East Asia Mahato, ShambhuNetherlands Europe Methorst, RobNew Zealand Western Pacific McNaught, HelenNicaragua Americas Escovar, IvánNiger Africa Abdoul-Aziz, AbdouNigeria Africa Olagunju, KayodeNorway Europe Haldorsen, IvarOman Eastern Mediterranean Yazidi, MohammedPakistan Eastern Mediterranean Jawaid Sheikh, ShafqatPalau Western Pacific Temengil, Temengil; Madraisau, SherPanama Americas Muñoz, RogelioPapua New Guinea Western Pacific Wakia, HermanParaguay Americas Maldonado de González, Mercedes; Crist Jacobs, LuisPeru Americas Collazos Carhuay, Joel GilbertoPhilippines Western Pacific Benegas-Segarra, AgnesPoland Europe Burzawa, BorysPortugal Europe Paixão von Amann, GregóriaQatar Eastern Mediterranean Ateeq Al Mutawa, KholoudRepublic of Korea Western Pacific Park, Su JeongRepublic of Moldova Europe Zatic, TatianaRomania Europe Arafat, RaedRussian Federation Europe Alexandrovich Ryzhov, SergeyRwanda Africa Rurangirwa, DominiqueSaint Lucia Americas Leon, PhilSaint Vincent and the Grenadines Americas Solom, Reanna

Samoa Western Pacific Maua, RumanusinaSan Marino Europe Gualtieri, AndreaSao Tome and Principe Africa Soares Marques de Lima, AntónioSaudi Arabia Eastern Mediterranean Murdhi Alanazi, FaisalSenegal Africa Séné, DoudouSerbia Europe Paunovic, MilenaSeychelles Africa André, PatrickSierra Leone Africa Kebbay, IbrahimSingapore Western Pacific Ong, Lay TinSlovakia Europe Bruchá ová, ZoraSlovenia Europe Marinko, VesnaSolomon Islands Western Pacific Kenilorea, GeoffSomalia Eastern Mediterranean Omar Askar, Ahmed South Africa Africa Selebalo, PhashaSpain Europe Lizarbe, VicentaSri Lanka South-East Asia Kumara Mampearachchi, WasanthaSudan Eastern Mediterranean Eltahir, SuadSuriname Americas Leeuwin, GunoSwaziland Africa Mahlalela, Nokuthula Sweden Europe Skyving, MarieSwitzerland Europe Jahn, ChristophTajikistan Europe Razzakov, AbduvaliThailand South-East Asia Thanthithum, NongnuchThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Europe Tozija, Fimka

Timor-Leste South-East Asia Seixas dos Santos, HerculanoTogo Africa Fatonzoun, MawutoeTonga Western Pacific Patelisio, Patinia

262

Country/area Region Name of National data coordinator(s)Trinidad and Tobago Americas Ruiz, CarlaTunisia Eastern Mediterranean Somrani, Naoufel; Chebbi, HendaTurkey Europe Tutum, Hakan; Tahhan, EmineTurkmenistan Europe Ergeshov, MuhammetUganda Africa Byamugisha, BenedictUnited Arab Emirates Eastern Mediterranean Taha Al-Suwaidi, AhmedUnited Kingdom Europe Ford, KatharineUnited Republic of Tanzania Africa Kahatano, JohansenUnited States of America Americas Dellinger, AnnUruguay Americas Arbiza, GustavoUzbekistan Europe Azizov, Mirkhakim; Valiev, ErkinVanuatu Western Pacific Kalura, EdwardViet Nam Western Pacific Trung, Do MinhWest Bank and Gaza Strip Eastern Mediterranean Naji, BassemYemen Eastern Mediterranean Nasser Ali, SumayaZambia Africa Shumba, Chabwela Zimbabwe Africa Muchena, Ernest

264

TABLE A2ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF ROAD USERS BY COUNTRY/AREA

Country/area General Information Road traffic deaths Road user death (%)Population

numbersa for 2013

GNI per capitab for 2013 in US

dollars

Income levelc Reported number of road traffic

deathsd

Modelled number of road traffic deathse

Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populatione

Drivers/Passengers

of 4-wheeled vehicles

Drivers/Passengers of

motorized 2- or 3- wheelers

Cyclists Pedestrians Other or unspecified users

Point estimate

95% Confidence

IntervalAfghanistan 30 551 674 690 Low 1 808 4 734 4 006 – 5 461 15.5 — — — — —Albania 3 173 271 4 710 Middle 295 478 435 – 521 15.1 50.8 13.2 4.1 31.2 0.7Algeria 39 208 194 5 330 Middle 4 540 9 337 7 985 – 10 689 23.8 — — — — —Andorra 79 218 43 110 High 2 6 — 7.6 — 50.0 — 50.0 —Angola 21 471 618 5 170 Middle 5 591 5 769 4 626 – 6 912 26.9 — 1.9 — 35.4 62.7Antigua and Barbuda 89 985 13 050 High 6 6 — 6.7 66.7 — 16.7 16.7 —Argentina 41 446 246 6 290f Middle 5 209 5 619 — 13.6 88.0 — 2.0 10.1 —Armenia 2 976 566 3 800 Middle 316 546 503 – 588 18.3 54.7 — 0.3 35.8 9.2Australia 23 342 553 65 390 High 1 192 1 252 — 5.4 64.2g 17.9 4.2 13.2 0.6Austria 8 495 145 50 430 High 455 455 — 5.4 42.4 21.5 11.2 18.0 5.9Azerbaijan 9 413 420 7 350 Middle 1 256f 943 — 10.0 62.1 0.5 0.3 30.5 6.7Bahamas 377 374 21 570 High 50 52 — 13.8 57.7 17.3 3.8 21.2 —Bahrain 1 332 171 19 700 High 83 107 — 8.0 59.3 3.5 5.8 31.4 —Bangladesh 156 594 962 1 010 Low 3 296f 21 316 17 349 – 25 283 13.6 41.5 10.8 1.8 32.2 13.7Barbados 284 644 15 080 High 17 19 — 6.7 33.3 16.7 11.1 38.9 —Belarus 9 356 678 6 730 Middle 894 1 282 — 13.7 49.2h — 7.9 41.6 1.2Belgium 11 104 476 46 290 High 724 746 — 6.7 51.9 15.9 10.1 13.7 8.4Belize 331 900 4 510 Middle 73 81 — 24.4 46.6 21.9 17.8 9.6 4.1Benin 10 323 474 790 Low 708f 2 855 2 398 – 3 312 27.7 15.5 55.8 2.3 21.1 5.3Bhutan 753 947 2 330 Middle 59 114 98 – 130 15.1 94.9 1.7 — 3.4 —Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 10 671 200 2 550 Middle 2 400 2 476 2 190 – 2 763 23.2 56.1 9.9 0.9 32.5 0.6Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 829 307 4 780 Middle 334 676 607 – 745 17.7 52.6h 9.1 11.0 27.3 —Botswana 2 021 144 7 770 Middle 399 477 412 – 542 23.6 67.6 — — 27.3 5.1Brazil 200 361 925 11 690 Middle 41 059 46 935 — 23.4 23.5 28 3.3 19.7 25.5Bulgaria 7 222 943 7 360 Middle 601 601 — 8.3 62.9 8.7 5.2 18.1 5.2Burkina Faso 16 934 839 670 Low 1 461 5 072 4 064 – 6 080 30.0 — — — — —Cabo Verde 498 897 3 620 Middle 41 130 113 – 147 26.1 — — — — —Cambodia 15 135 169 950 Low 1 950 2 635 2 150 – 3 120 17.4 8.5 70.4 2.3 12.7 6.1Cameroon 22 253 959 1 290 Middle 1 063 6 136 5 035 – 7 236 27.6 — — — — —Canada 35 181 704 52 200 High 2 077f 2 114 — 6.0 66.6 8.4 2.5 15.7 6.7Central African Republic 4 616 417 320 Low 58 1 495 1 169 – 1 821 32.4 — — — — —Chad 12 825 314 1 020 Low 1 527 3 089 2 420 – 3 758 24.1 — — — — —Chile 17 619 708 15 230 High 2 108 2 179 — 12.4 36.1 7.0 7.6 38.9 10.4China 1 385 566 537 6 560 Middle 62 945 261 367 — 18.8 19.2 26.8 8.1 26.1 19.8Colombia 48 321 405 7 590 Middle 6 038 8 107 — 16.8 7.6 44.3 5.0 29.3 13.8Congo 4 447 632 2 590 Middle 206 1 174 976 – 1 373 26.4 — — — — —Cook Islands 20 629 — Middle 5 5 — 24.2 40.0 60.0 — — —Costa Rica 4 872 166 9 550 Middle 625 676 — 13.9 27.8 28.3 9.3 32.1 2.5Côte d’Ivoire 20 316 086 1 450 Middle 844 4 924 4 043 – 5 805 24.2 22.0 22.0 2.0 35.0 19.0Croatia 4 289 714 13 430 High 368 395 — 9.2 54.3g 17.1 6.3 18.8 3.5Cuba 11 265 629 5 890 Middle 891f 840 — 7.5 21.2 12.4 12.7 38.6 15.0Cyprus 1 141 166 25 210 High 44 59 — 5.2 38.6 34.1 4.5 18.2 4.5Czech Republic 10 702 197 18 950 High 654 654 — 6.1 47.1 11.0 11.3 24.8 5.8Democratic Republic of the Congo 67 513 677 430 Low 498 22 419 17 966 – 26 872 33.2 70.9 14.9 — 4.9 9.1

Denmark 5 619 096 61 680 High 191 196 — 3.5 50.3 13.6 17.3 17.8 1.0Djibouti 872 932 1 030f Middle 1 030 216 185 – 247 24.7 — — — — —Dominica 72 003 6 930 Middle 11 11 — 15.3 63.6 — 18.2 18.2 —Dominican Republic 10 403 761 5 770 Middle 2 810f 3 052 — 29.3 12.9 63.2 0.5 19.7 3.6

265


numbersa for 2013


dollars


deathsd



Drivers/Passengers





Point estimate

95% Confidence

IntervalAfghanistan 30 551 674 690 Low 1 808 4 734 4 006 – 5 461 15.5 — — — — —Albania 3 173 271 4 710 Middle 295 478 435 – 521 15.1 50.8 13.2 4.1 31.2 0.7Algeria 39 208 194 5 330 Middle 4 540 9 337 7 985 – 10 689 23.8 — — — — —Andorra 79 218 43 110 High 2 6 — 7.6 — 50.0 — 50.0 —Angola 21 471 618 5 170 Middle 5 591 5 769 4 626 – 6 912 26.9 — 1.9 — 35.4 62.7Antigua and Barbuda 89 985 13 050 High 6 6 — 6.7 66.7 — 16.7 16.7 —Argentina 41 446 246 6 290f Middle 5 209 5 619 — 13.6 88.0 — 2.0 10.1 —Armenia 2 976 566 3 800 Middle 316 546 503 – 588 18.3 54.7 — 0.3 35.8 9.2Australia 23 342 553 65 390 High 1 192 1 252 — 5.4 64.2g 17.9 4.2 13.2 0.6Austria 8 495 145 50 430 High 455 455 — 5.4 42.4 21.5 11.2 18.0 5.9Azerbaijan 9 413 420 7 350 Middle 1 256f 943 — 10.0 62.1 0.5 0.3 30.5 6.7Bahamas 377 374 21 570 High 50 52 — 13.8 57.7 17.3 3.8 21.2 —Bahrain 1 332 171 19 700 High 83 107 — 8.0 59.3 3.5 5.8 31.4 —Bangladesh 156 594 962 1 010 Low 3 296f 21 316 17 349 – 25 283 13.6 41.5 10.8 1.8 32.2 13.7Barbados 284 644 15 080 High 17 19 — 6.7 33.3 16.7 11.1 38.9 —Belarus 9 356 678 6 730 Middle 894 1 282 — 13.7 49.2h — 7.9 41.6 1.2Belgium 11 104 476 46 290 High 724 746 — 6.7 51.9 15.9 10.1 13.7 8.4Belize 331 900 4 510 Middle 73 81 — 24.4 46.6 21.9 17.8 9.6 4.1Benin 10 323 474 790 Low 708f 2 855 2 398 – 3 312 27.7 15.5 55.8 2.3 21.1 5.3Bhutan 753 947 2 330 Middle 59 114 98 – 130 15.1 94.9 1.7 — 3.4 —Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 10 671 200 2 550 Middle 2 400 2 476 2 190 – 2 763 23.2 56.1 9.9 0.9 32.5 0.6Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 829 307 4 780 Middle 334 676 607 – 745 17.7 52.6h 9.1 11.0 27.3 —Botswana 2 021 144 7 770 Middle 399 477 412 – 542 23.6 67.6 — — 27.3 5.1Brazil 200 361 925 11 690 Middle 41 059 46 935 — 23.4 23.5 28 3.3 19.7 25.5Bulgaria 7 222 943 7 360 Middle 601 601 — 8.3 62.9 8.7 5.2 18.1 5.2Burkina Faso 16 934 839 670 Low 1 461 5 072 4 064 – 6 080 30.0 — — — — —Cabo Verde 498 897 3 620 Middle 41 130 113 – 147 26.1 — — — — —Cambodia 15 135 169 950 Low 1 950 2 635 2 150 – 3 120 17.4 8.5 70.4 2.3 12.7 6.1Cameroon 22 253 959 1 290 Middle 1 063 6 136 5 035 – 7 236 27.6 — — — — —Canada 35 181 704 52 200 High 2 077f 2 114 — 6.0 66.6 8.4 2.5 15.7 6.7Central African Republic 4 616 417 320 Low 58 1 495 1 169 – 1 821 32.4 — — — — —Chad 12 825 314 1 020 Low 1 527 3 089 2 420 – 3 758 24.1 — — — — —Chile 17 619 708 15 230 High 2 108 2 179 — 12.4 36.1 7.0 7.6 38.9 10.4China 1 385 566 537 6 560 Middle 62 945 261 367 — 18.8 19.2 26.8 8.1 26.1 19.8Colombia 48 321 405 7 590 Middle 6 038 8 107 — 16.8 7.6 44.3 5.0 29.3 13.8Congo 4 447 632 2 590 Middle 206 1 174 976 – 1 373 26.4 — — — — —Cook Islands 20 629 — Middle 5 5 — 24.2 40.0 60.0 — — —Costa Rica 4 872 166 9 550 Middle 625 676 — 13.9 27.8 28.3 9.3 32.1 2.5Côte d’Ivoire 20 316 086 1 450 Middle 844 4 924 4 043 – 5 805 24.2 22.0 22.0 2.0 35.0 19.0Croatia 4 289 714 13 430 High 368 395 — 9.2 54.3g 17.1 6.3 18.8 3.5Cuba 11 265 629 5 890 Middle 891f 840 — 7.5 21.2 12.4 12.7 38.6 15.0Cyprus 1 141 166 25 210 High 44 59 — 5.2 38.6 34.1 4.5 18.2 4.5Czech Republic 10 702 197 18 950 High 654 654 — 6.1 47.1 11.0 11.3 24.8 5.8Democratic Republic of the Congo 67 513 677 430 Low 498 22 419 17 966 – 26 872 33.2 70.9 14.9 — 4.9 9.1

Denmark 5 619 096 61 680 High 191 196 — 3.5 50.3 13.6 17.3 17.8 1.0Djibouti 872 932 1 030f Middle 1 030 216 185 – 247 24.7 — — — — —Dominica 72 003 6 930 Middle 11 11 — 15.3 63.6 — 18.2 18.2 —Dominican Republic 10 403 761 5 770 Middle 2 810f 3 052 — 29.3 12.9 63.2 0.5 19.7 3.6

266


numbersa for 2013


dollars


deathsd



Drivers/Passengers





Point estimate

95% Confidence

IntervalEcuador 15 737 878 5 760 Middle 2 983 3 164 — 20.1 2.2 6.9 0.5 30.0 60.3Egypt 82 056 378 3 140 Middle 8 701 10 466 — 12.8 48.6 0.6 6.3 29.2 15.3El Salvador 6 340 454 3 720 Middle 1 050 1 339 — 21.1 11.6 11.0 4.6 58.9 13.9Eritrea 6 333 135 490 Low 148 1 527 1 249 – 1 805 24.1 25.7 — 7.4 39.9 27.0Estonia 1 287 251 17 690 High 81 90 — 7.0 50.6 6.2 11.1 28.4 3.7Ethiopia 94 100 756 470 Low 3 362f 23 837 18 528 – 29 146 25.3 — — — — —Fiji 881 065 4 370 Middle 41 51 — 5.8 39.0 — 2.4 58.5 —Finland 5 426 323 48 820 High 258 258 — 4.8 62.4 11.2 7.8 13.2 5.4France 64 291 280 43 460 High 3 268 3 268 — 5.1 49.3 24.2 4.5 14.2 7.8Gabon 1 671 711 10 650 Middle 45 383 316 – 450 22.9 — — — — —Gambia 1 849 285 500 Low 115 544 438 – 650 29.4 — — — — —Georgia 4 340 895 3 570 Middle 514 514 — 11.8 44.7 3.1 0.6 24.3 27.2Germany 82 726 626 47 270 High 3 339 3 540 — 4.3 47.6 19.2 10.6 16.7 6.0Ghana 25 904 598 1 770 Middle 2 240f 6 789 5 877 – 7 701 26.2 24.2 14.0 3.7 41.5 16.7Greece 11 127 990 22 690 High 865 1 013 — 9.1 43.9 32.5 2.1 17.2 4.3Guatemala 15 468 203 3 340 Middle 1 977 2 939 — 19.0 — 25.1 — 50.9 24.0Guinea 11 745 189 460 Low 629 3 211 2 640 – 3 781 27.3 — — — — —Guinea-Bissau 1 704 255 590 Low 117 468 387 – 548 27.5 — — — — —Guyana 799 613 3 750 Middle 109 138 — 17.3 25.0 18.8 11.6 34.8 9.8Honduras 8 097 688 2 180 Middle 1 042 1 408 1 288 – 1 529 17.4 30.8 8.1 4.9 46.7 10.3Hungary 9 954 941 13 260 Middle 591 765 — 7.7 43.0 13.9 11.5 24.9 6.8Iceland 329 535 46 400 High 15 15 — 4.6 80.0 6.7 — 6.7 6.7India 1 252 139 596 1 570 Middle 137 572 207 551 — 16.6 17.2 33.9 3.5 9.1 36.2Indonesia 249 865 631 3 580 Middle 26 416 38 279 32 079 – 44 479 15.3 6.0 36.0 2.0 21.0 35.0Iran (Islamic Republic of) 77 447 168 5 780 Middle 17 994 24 896 — 32.1 41.3 21.5 0.7 23.2 13.4Iraq 33 765 232 6 720 Middle 5 789 6 826 5 507 – 8 146 20.2 — — — — —Ireland 4 627 173 43 110 High 188 188 — 4.1 65.4 13.8 2.7 16.5 1.6Israel 7 733 144 33 930 High 277 277 — 3.6 41.2 14.1 4.7 32.9 7.2Italy 60 990 277 35 860 High 3 385 3 721 — 6.1 45.4 25.5 7.4 16.2 5.5Jamaica 2 783 888 5 220 Middle 307 320 — 11.5 31.9 20.8 8.5 29.0 9.8Japan 127 143 577 46 330 High 5 679 5 971 — 4.7 32.4 17.4 13.7 36.2 0.3Jordan 7 273 799 4 950 Middle 768 1 913 1 633 – 2 193 26.3 64.3 — — 35.7 —Kazakhstan 16 440 586 11 550 Middle 3 233 3 983 — 24.2 60.5 2.3 1.1 22.5 13.5Kenya 44 353 691 1 160 Low 3 191 12 891 10 809 – 14 974 29.1 34.3g 4.9 14.4 46.4 —Kiribati 102 351 2 620 Middle 3 3 — 2.9 — — 33.3 66.7 —Kuwait 3 368 572 45 130 High 473f 629 — 18.7 — — — — —Kyrgyzstan 5 547 548 1 210 Middle 1 184 1 220 — 22.0 67.3h — 1.1 31.6 0.1Lao People’s Democratic Republic 6 769 727 1 450 Middle 908 971 795 – 1 147 14.3 18.7 66.9 2.7 9.6 2.1

Latvia 2 050 317 15 280 High 176 205 — 10.0 42.0 7.4 7.4 39.8 3.4Lebanon 4 821 971 9 870 Middle 630 1 088 962 – 1 215 22.6 — — — 43.3 56.7Lesotho 2 074 465 1 500 Middle 327 584 491 – 677 28.2 56.9 1.2 0.6 30.3 11.0Liberia 4 294 077 410 Low — 1 448 1 144 – 1 752 33.7 — — — — —Libya 6 201 521 12 930 Middle 4 398 4 554 3 973 – 5 136 73.4 70.8 1.5 1.3 26.4 —Lithuania 3 016 933 14 900 High 256 320 — 10.6 43.0 7.4 7.0 37.5 4.7Luxembourg 530 380 69 900 High 45 46 — 8.7 66.7 17.8 — 11.1 4.4Madagascar 22 924 851 440 Low 791 6 506 5 361 – 7 650 28.4 — — — — —Malawi 16 362 567 270 Low 977 5 732 4 606 – 6 858 35.0 32.5 1.3 17.2 49.1 —Malaysia 29 716 965 10 430 Middle 6 915 7 129 6 050 – 8 209 24.0 23.7 62.1 2.2 6.6 5.5Maldives 345 023 5 600 Middle 12 12 — 3.5 16.7 16.7 16.7 33.3 16.7Mali 15 301 650 670 Low 529 3 920 3 193 – 4 648 25.6 18.7 20.4 — 27.4 33.5Malta 429 004 20 980 High 18 22 — 5.1 44.4 27.8 — 27.8 —Marshall Islands 52 634 4 310 Middle 3 3 — 5.7 33.3 66.7 — — —

267


numbersa for 2013


dollars


deathsd



Drivers/Passengers





Point estimate

95% Confidence

IntervalEcuador 15 737 878 5 760 Middle 2 983 3 164 — 20.1 2.2 6.9 0.5 30.0 60.3Egypt 82 056 378 3 140 Middle 8 701 10 466 — 12.8 48.6 0.6 6.3 29.2 15.3El Salvador 6 340 454 3 720 Middle 1 050 1 339 — 21.1 11.6 11.0 4.6 58.9 13.9Eritrea 6 333 135 490 Low 148 1 527 1 249 – 1 805 24.1 25.7 — 7.4 39.9 27.0Estonia 1 287 251 17 690 High 81 90 — 7.0 50.6 6.2 11.1 28.4 3.7Ethiopia 94 100 756 470 Low 3 362f 23 837 18 528 – 29 146 25.3 — — — — —Fiji 881 065 4 370 Middle 41 51 — 5.8 39.0 — 2.4 58.5 —Finland 5 426 323 48 820 High 258 258 — 4.8 62.4 11.2 7.8 13.2 5.4France 64 291 280 43 460 High 3 268 3 268 — 5.1 49.3 24.2 4.5 14.2 7.8Gabon 1 671 711 10 650 Middle 45 383 316 – 450 22.9 — — — — —Gambia 1 849 285 500 Low 115 544 438 – 650 29.4 — — — — —Georgia 4 340 895 3 570 Middle 514 514 — 11.8 44.7 3.1 0.6 24.3 27.2Germany 82 726 626 47 270 High 3 339 3 540 — 4.3 47.6 19.2 10.6 16.7 6.0Ghana 25 904 598 1 770 Middle 2 240f 6 789 5 877 – 7 701 26.2 24.2 14.0 3.7 41.5 16.7Greece 11 127 990 22 690 High 865 1 013 — 9.1 43.9 32.5 2.1 17.2 4.3Guatemala 15 468 203 3 340 Middle 1 977 2 939 — 19.0 — 25.1 — 50.9 24.0Guinea 11 745 189 460 Low 629 3 211 2 640 – 3 781 27.3 — — — — —Guinea-Bissau 1 704 255 590 Low 117 468 387 – 548 27.5 — — — — —Guyana 799 613 3 750 Middle 109 138 — 17.3 25.0 18.8 11.6 34.8 9.8Honduras 8 097 688 2 180 Middle 1 042 1 408 1 288 – 1 529 17.4 30.8 8.1 4.9 46.7 10.3Hungary 9 954 941 13 260 Middle 591 765 — 7.7 43.0 13.9 11.5 24.9 6.8Iceland 329 535 46 400 High 15 15 — 4.6 80.0 6.7 — 6.7 6.7India 1 252 139 596 1 570 Middle 137 572 207 551 — 16.6 17.2 33.9 3.5 9.1 36.2Indonesia 249 865 631 3 580 Middle 26 416 38 279 32 079 – 44 479 15.3 6.0 36.0 2.0 21.0 35.0Iran (Islamic Republic of) 77 447 168 5 780 Middle 17 994 24 896 — 32.1 41.3 21.5 0.7 23.2 13.4Iraq 33 765 232 6 720 Middle 5 789 6 826 5 507 – 8 146 20.2 — — — — —Ireland 4 627 173 43 110 High 188 188 — 4.1 65.4 13.8 2.7 16.5 1.6Israel 7 733 144 33 930 High 277 277 — 3.6 41.2 14.1 4.7 32.9 7.2Italy 60 990 277 35 860 High 3 385 3 721 — 6.1 45.4 25.5 7.4 16.2 5.5Jamaica 2 783 888 5 220 Middle 307 320 — 11.5 31.9 20.8 8.5 29.0 9.8Japan 127 143 577 46 330 High 5 679 5 971 — 4.7 32.4 17.4 13.7 36.2 0.3Jordan 7 273 799 4 950 Middle 768 1 913 1 633 – 2 193 26.3 64.3 — — 35.7 —Kazakhstan 16 440 586 11 550 Middle 3 233 3 983 — 24.2 60.5 2.3 1.1 22.5 13.5Kenya 44 353 691 1 160 Low 3 191 12 891 10 809 – 14 974 29.1 34.3g 4.9 14.4 46.4 —Kiribati 102 351 2 620 Middle 3 3 — 2.9 — — 33.3 66.7 —Kuwait 3 368 572 45 130 High 473f 629 — 18.7 — — — — —Kyrgyzstan 5 547 548 1 210 Middle 1 184 1 220 — 22.0 67.3h — 1.1 31.6 0.1Lao People’s Democratic Republic 6 769 727 1 450 Middle 908 971 795 – 1 147 14.3 18.7 66.9 2.7 9.6 2.1

Latvia 2 050 317 15 280 High 176 205 — 10.0 42.0 7.4 7.4 39.8 3.4Lebanon 4 821 971 9 870 Middle 630 1 088 962 – 1 215 22.6 — — — 43.3 56.7Lesotho 2 074 465 1 500 Middle 327 584 491 – 677 28.2 56.9 1.2 0.6 30.3 11.0Liberia 4 294 077 410 Low — 1 448 1 144 – 1 752 33.7 — — — — —Libya 6 201 521 12 930 Middle 4 398 4 554 3 973 – 5 136 73.4 70.8 1.5 1.3 26.4 —Lithuania 3 016 933 14 900 High 256 320 — 10.6 43.0 7.4 7.0 37.5 4.7Luxembourg 530 380 69 900 High 45 46 — 8.7 66.7 17.8 — 11.1 4.4Madagascar 22 924 851 440 Low 791 6 506 5 361 – 7 650 28.4 — — — — —Malawi 16 362 567 270 Low 977 5 732 4 606 – 6 858 35.0 32.5 1.3 17.2 49.1 —Malaysia 29 716 965 10 430 Middle 6 915 7 129 6 050 – 8 209 24.0 23.7 62.1 2.2 6.6 5.5Maldives 345 023 5 600 Middle 12 12 — 3.5 16.7 16.7 16.7 33.3 16.7Mali 15 301 650 670 Low 529 3 920 3 193 – 4 648 25.6 18.7 20.4 — 27.4 33.5Malta 429 004 20 980 High 18 22 — 5.1 44.4 27.8 — 27.8 —Marshall Islands 52 634 4 310 Middle 3 3 — 5.7 33.3 66.7 — — —

268


numbersa for 2013


dollars


deathsd



Drivers/Passengers





Point estimate

95% Confidence

IntervalMauritania 3 889 880 1 060 Middle 204 952 788 – 1 116 24.5 — — — — —Mauritius 1 244 403 9 290 Middle 136 152 — 12.2 22.8h 30.9 9.6 34.6 2.2Mexico 122 332 399 9 940 Middle 17 139f 15 062 — 12.3 18.3 6.0 1.5 30.3 44.0Micronesia (Federated States of) 103 549 3 280 Middle 2 2 — 1.9 — — — — —

Monaco 37 831 186 950 High 0 0 — — — — — — —Mongolia 2 839 073 3 770 Middle 579 597 538 – 656 21.0 47.0 19.3 0.2 30.6 2.9Montenegro 621 383 7 250 Middle 74 74 — 11.9 44.6 9.5 1.4 20.3 24.3Morocco 33 008 150 3 020 Middle 3 832 6 870 5 831 – 7 910 20.8 35.9 21.2 5.9 26.2 10.9Mozambique 25 833 752 610 Low 1 744 8 173 6 502 – 9 843 31.6 — — — — —Myanmar 53 259 018 — Low 3 612 10 809 8 790 – 12 829 20.3 26.0 23.0 9.0 26.0 16.0Namibia 2 303 315 5 870 Middle 400f 551 474 – 628 23.9 61.7 0.6 0.6 32.1 4.9Nepal 27 797 457 730 Low 1 744 4 713 3 880 – 5 546 17.0 — — — — —Netherlands 16 759 229 51 060 High 570 574 — 3.4 36.5 13.5 32.3 9.8 7.9New Zealand 4 505 761 35 550 High 253 272 — 6.0 65.7 15.4 3.1 11.8 3.9Nicaragua 6 080 478 1 790 Middle 577 931 843 – 1 020 15.3 23.2 26.0 5.5 32.8 12.5Niger 17 831 270 400 Low 1 047 4 706 3 741 – 5 670 26.4 67.0 — — 33.0 —Nigeria 173 615 345 2 710 Middle 6 450 35 641 27 949 – 43 332 20.5 — — — — —Norway 5 042 671 102 610 High 187 192 — 3.8 61.0 12.8 5.3 9.6 11.2Oman 3 632 444 25 150 High 913 924 — 25.4 64.3 2.3 2.6 23.2 7.6Pakistan 182 142 594 1 360 Middle 9 917 25 781 20 979 – 30 582 14.2 — — — — —Palau 20 918 10 970 Middle 1 1 — 4.8 — — — 100.0 —Panama 3 864 170 10 700 Middle 386 386 — 10.0 58.3 — — 40.9 0.8Papua New Guinea 7 321 262 2 010 Middle 248 1 232 1 058 – 1 405 16.8 48.4 — — 29.0 22.6Paraguay 6 802 295 4 010 Middle 1 114 1 408 — 20.7 23.4 54.1 0.7 20.7 1.1Peru 30 375 603 6 270 Middle 4 039 4 234 3 826 – 4 643 13.9 6.9 1.0 0.3 23.3 68.4Philippines 98 393 574 3 270 Middle 1 469 10 379 — 10.5 25.3g 52.5 2.0 19.0 1.1Poland 38 216 635 13 240 High 3 357 3 931 — 10.3 43.1 9.4 9.1 34.0 4.4Portugal 10 608 156 21 260 High 637 828 — 7.8 44.3 20.4 4.6 22.6 8.2Qatar 2 168 673 86 790 High 204f 330 — 15.2 71.6 — — 28.4 —Republic of Korea 49 262 698 25 920 High 5 092 5 931 — 12.0 33.2 16.3 5.5 38.9 6.1Republic of Moldova 3 487 204 2 470 Middle 302 437 — 12.5 41.1 11.9 6.0 32.8 8.3Romania 21 698 585 9 060 Middle 1 861 1 881 — 8.7 44.0 4.7 8.5 39.0 3.8Russian Federation 142 833 689 13 850 High 27 025 27 025 — 18.9 57.3 4.3 1.7 28.9 7.8Rwanda 11 776 522 630 Low 526 3 782 3 022 – 4 541 32.1 — — — — —Saint Lucia 182 273 7 060 Middle 30 33 — 18.1 57.1 — — 42.9 —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 109 373 6 460 Middle 9 9 — 8.2 — — — — —

Samoa 190 372 3 970 Middle 17 30 27 – 33 15.8 — — — 76.5 23.5San Marino 31 448 51 470 High 1 1 — 3.2 — 100.0 — — —Sao Tome and Principe 192 993 1 470 Middle 33 60 47 – 73 31.1 25.0 32.1 — 42.9 —Saudi Arabia 28 828 870 26 260 High 7 661 7 898 7 002 – 8 795 27.4 — — — — —Senegal 14 133 280 1 050 Middle 356 3 844 3 214 – 4 474 27.2 — — — — —Serbia 9 510 506 6 050 Middle 650 735 — 7.7 46.2 8.6 9.1 26.9 9.2Seychelles 92 838 13 210 Middle 8 8 — 8.6 25.0 — — 75.0 —Sierra Leone 6 092 075 660 Low 220 1 661 1 334 – 1 988 27.3 — — — — —Singapore 5 411 737 54 040 High 159 197 — 3.6 17.5 45.6 9.4 26.9 0.6Slovakia 5 450 223 17 810 High 251 360 — 6.6 45.8 8.4 6.8 30.3 8.8Slovenia 2 071 997 23 210 High 125 132 — 6.4 45.6 16.8 12.8 16.0 8.8Solomon Islands 561 231 1 600 Middle 14 108 96 – 120 19.2 — — — — —Somalia 10 495 583 — Low 201 2 664 2 092 – 3 237 25.4 — — — — —South Africa 52 776 130 7 190 Middle 13 802f 13 273 — 25.1 66.6 — — 33.4 —Spain 46 926 963 29 920 High 1 680 1 730 — 3.7 46.7 21.1 4.1 22.5 5.6

269


numbersa for 2013


dollars


deathsd



Drivers/Passengers





Point estimate

95% Confidence

IntervalMauritania 3 889 880 1 060 Middle 204 952 788 – 1 116 24.5 — — — — —Mauritius 1 244 403 9 290 Middle 136 152 — 12.2 22.8h 30.9 9.6 34.6 2.2Mexico 122 332 399 9 940 Middle 17 139f 15 062 — 12.3 18.3 6.0 1.5 30.3 44.0Micronesia (Federated States of) 103 549 3 280 Middle 2 2 — 1.9 — — — — —

Monaco 37 831 186 950 High 0 0 — — — — — — —Mongolia 2 839 073 3 770 Middle 579 597 538 – 656 21.0 47.0 19.3 0.2 30.6 2.9Montenegro 621 383 7 250 Middle 74 74 — 11.9 44.6 9.5 1.4 20.3 24.3Morocco 33 008 150 3 020 Middle 3 832 6 870 5 831 – 7 910 20.8 35.9 21.2 5.9 26.2 10.9Mozambique 25 833 752 610 Low 1 744 8 173 6 502 – 9 843 31.6 — — — — —Myanmar 53 259 018 — Low 3 612 10 809 8 790 – 12 829 20.3 26.0 23.0 9.0 26.0 16.0Namibia 2 303 315 5 870 Middle 400f 551 474 – 628 23.9 61.7 0.6 0.6 32.1 4.9Nepal 27 797 457 730 Low 1 744 4 713 3 880 – 5 546 17.0 — — — — —Netherlands 16 759 229 51 060 High 570 574 — 3.4 36.5 13.5 32.3 9.8 7.9New Zealand 4 505 761 35 550 High 253 272 — 6.0 65.7 15.4 3.1 11.8 3.9Nicaragua 6 080 478 1 790 Middle 577 931 843 – 1 020 15.3 23.2 26.0 5.5 32.8 12.5Niger 17 831 270 400 Low 1 047 4 706 3 741 – 5 670 26.4 67.0 — — 33.0 —Nigeria 173 615 345 2 710 Middle 6 450 35 641 27 949 – 43 332 20.5 — — — — —Norway 5 042 671 102 610 High 187 192 — 3.8 61.0 12.8 5.3 9.6 11.2Oman 3 632 444 25 150 High 913 924 — 25.4 64.3 2.3 2.6 23.2 7.6Pakistan 182 142 594 1 360 Middle 9 917 25 781 20 979 – 30 582 14.2 — — — — —Palau 20 918 10 970 Middle 1 1 — 4.8 — — — 100.0 —Panama 3 864 170 10 700 Middle 386 386 — 10.0 58.3 — — 40.9 0.8Papua New Guinea 7 321 262 2 010 Middle 248 1 232 1 058 – 1 405 16.8 48.4 — — 29.0 22.6Paraguay 6 802 295 4 010 Middle 1 114 1 408 — 20.7 23.4 54.1 0.7 20.7 1.1Peru 30 375 603 6 270 Middle 4 039 4 234 3 826 – 4 643 13.9 6.9 1.0 0.3 23.3 68.4Philippines 98 393 574 3 270 Middle 1 469 10 379 — 10.5 25.3g 52.5 2.0 19.0 1.1Poland 38 216 635 13 240 High 3 357 3 931 — 10.3 43.1 9.4 9.1 34.0 4.4Portugal 10 608 156 21 260 High 637 828 — 7.8 44.3 20.4 4.6 22.6 8.2Qatar 2 168 673 86 790 High 204f 330 — 15.2 71.6 — — 28.4 —Republic of Korea 49 262 698 25 920 High 5 092 5 931 — 12.0 33.2 16.3 5.5 38.9 6.1Republic of Moldova 3 487 204 2 470 Middle 302 437 — 12.5 41.1 11.9 6.0 32.8 8.3Romania 21 698 585 9 060 Middle 1 861 1 881 — 8.7 44.0 4.7 8.5 39.0 3.8Russian Federation 142 833 689 13 850 High 27 025 27 025 — 18.9 57.3 4.3 1.7 28.9 7.8Rwanda 11 776 522 630 Low 526 3 782 3 022 – 4 541 32.1 — — — — —Saint Lucia 182 273 7 060 Middle 30 33 — 18.1 57.1 — — 42.9 —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 109 373 6 460 Middle 9 9 — 8.2 — — — — —

Samoa 190 372 3 970 Middle 17 30 27 – 33 15.8 — — — 76.5 23.5San Marino 31 448 51 470 High 1 1 — 3.2 — 100.0 — — —Sao Tome and Principe 192 993 1 470 Middle 33 60 47 – 73 31.1 25.0 32.1 — 42.9 —Saudi Arabia 28 828 870 26 260 High 7 661 7 898 7 002 – 8 795 27.4 — — — — —Senegal 14 133 280 1 050 Middle 356 3 844 3 214 – 4 474 27.2 — — — — —Serbia 9 510 506 6 050 Middle 650 735 — 7.7 46.2 8.6 9.1 26.9 9.2Seychelles 92 838 13 210 Middle 8 8 — 8.6 25.0 — — 75.0 —Sierra Leone 6 092 075 660 Low 220 1 661 1 334 – 1 988 27.3 — — — — —Singapore 5 411 737 54 040 High 159 197 — 3.6 17.5 45.6 9.4 26.9 0.6Slovakia 5 450 223 17 810 High 251 360 — 6.6 45.8 8.4 6.8 30.3 8.8Slovenia 2 071 997 23 210 High 125 132 — 6.4 45.6 16.8 12.8 16.0 8.8Solomon Islands 561 231 1 600 Middle 14 108 96 – 120 19.2 — — — — —Somalia 10 495 583 — Low 201 2 664 2 092 – 3 237 25.4 — — — — —South Africa 52 776 130 7 190 Middle 13 802f 13 273 — 25.1 66.6 — — 33.4 —Spain 46 926 963 29 920 High 1 680 1 730 — 3.7 46.7 21.1 4.1 22.5 5.6

270


numbersa for 2013


dollars


deathsd



Drivers/Passengers





Point estimate

95% Confidence

IntervalSri Lanka 21 273 228 3 170 Middle 2 362 3 691 3 245 – 4 137 17.4 5.7 40.8 11.0 29.8 12.7Sudan 37 964 306 1 550 Middle 2 281 9 221 7 746 – 10 697 24.3 — — — 33.4 66.6Suriname 539 276 9 370 Middle 76 103 — 19.1 35.5 42.1 3.9 18.4 —Swaziland 1 249 514 2 990 Middle 191 303 263 – 343 24.2 62.4 2.0 2.0 33.5 —Sweden 9 571 105 61 760 High 260 272 — 2.8 57.3 16.5 5.4 16.2 4.6Switzerland 8 077 833 90 760 High 269 269 — 3.3 38.3 20.4 6.3 25.7 9.3Tajikistan 8 207 834 990 Low 508 1 543 1 387 – 1 699 18.8 62.5h — 4.2 33.3 —Thailand 67 010 502 5 340 Middle 13 650f 24 237 — 36.2 13.0 72.8 2.3 8.1 3.8The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2 107 158 4 870 Middle 198 198 — 9.4 49.0 10.6 5.6 22.7 12.1

Timor-Leste 1 132 879 3 940 Middle 96 188 158 – 219 16.6 — — — — —Togo 6 816 982 530 Low 1 044 2 123 1 719 – 2 526 31.1 — — — — —Tonga 105 323 4 490 Middle 8 8 — 7.6 62.5 — — 37.5 —Trinidad and Tobago 1 341 151 15 760 High 147 189 — 14.1 64.2 2.6 2.0 31.1 —Tunisia 10 996 515 4 200 Middle 1 505 2 679 2 346 – 3 012 24.4 48.6h 20.5i 2.5 28.2 —Turkey 74 932 641 10 970 Middle 4 786 6 687 — 8.9 25.0 4.3 0.9 26.2 43.6Turkmenistan 5 240 072 6 880 Middle 883 914 844 – 983 17.4 74.7 — 1.9 23.4 —Uganda 37 578 876 550 Low 2 851 10 280 7 820 – 12 739 27.4 7.2 30.6 7.6 40.2 14.5United Arab Emirates 9 346 129 38 360 High 651 1 021 845 – 1 198 10.9 57.3 2.6 0.3 26.1 13.7United Kingdom 63 136 265 41 680 High 1 770 1 827 — 2.9 46.3 19.3 6.4 22.9 5.2

United Republic of Tanzania 49 253 126 630 Low 3 885 16 211 13 116 – 19 307 32.9 35h 21.7i 11.2 31.2 0.9

United States of America 320 050 716 53 470 High 32 719 34 064 — 10.6 64.4 14.8 2.2 14.1 4.5Uruguay 3 407 062 15 180 High 567 567 — 16.6 25.9 52.9 2.8 15.7 2.6Uzbekistan 28 934 102 1 880 Middle 2 231 3 240 — 11.2 — — — — —Vanuatu 252 763 3 130 Middle 12 42 37 – 47 16.6 44.4 — — 55.6 —Viet Nam 91 679 733 1 740 Middle 9 845 22 419 — 24.5 — — — — —West Bank and Gaza Strip 4 326 295 3 070 Middle 133 241 — 5.6 54.1 2.3 — 43.6 —Yemen 24 407 381 1 330 Middle 3 239 5 248 4 426 – 6 069 21.5 — — — — —Zambia 14 538 640 1 810 Middle 1 797 3 586 2 914 – 4 257 24.7 48.4 2.2 11.6 36.4 —Zimbabwe 14 149 648 860 Low 1 787 3 985 3 319 – 4 652 28.2 20.5 6.2 3.6 16.5 53.3

a Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2013). World population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations.

b Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is the dollar value of a country’s final income in a year divided by its population using Atlas methodology. Data from World Development Indicators database, World Bank, March 2015. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries.

c World Development Indicators database: Low income is $1 045 or less, middle income is $1 046 to $12 745, high income is $12 745 or more.d Adjusted for 30-day definition of a road traffic death.e Modelled using negative binomial regression (see preamble on page 70). Data from countries with good vital registration and countries with a population of less than 100 000 were

not included in the model.f 2013 data not available. Latest available used from World Development Indicators database.g Drivers and passengers (4 + wheels).h Drivers and passengers (all vehicles).i Drivers motorized 2-or 3-wheelers.

271


numbersa for 2013


dollars


deathsd



Drivers/Passengers





Point estimate

95% Confidence

IntervalSri Lanka 21 273 228 3 170 Middle 2 362 3 691 3 245 – 4 137 17.4 5.7 40.8 11.0 29.8 12.7Sudan 37 964 306 1 550 Middle 2 281 9 221 7 746 – 10 697 24.3 — — — 33.4 66.6Suriname 539 276 9 370 Middle 76 103 — 19.1 35.5 42.1 3.9 18.4 —Swaziland 1 249 514 2 990 Middle 191 303 263 – 343 24.2 62.4 2.0 2.0 33.5 —Sweden 9 571 105 61 760 High 260 272 — 2.8 57.3 16.5 5.4 16.2 4.6Switzerland 8 077 833 90 760 High 269 269 — 3.3 38.3 20.4 6.3 25.7 9.3Tajikistan 8 207 834 990 Low 508 1 543 1 387 – 1 699 18.8 62.5h — 4.2 33.3 —Thailand 67 010 502 5 340 Middle 13 650f 24 237 — 36.2 13.0 72.8 2.3 8.1 3.8The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2 107 158 4 870 Middle 198 198 — 9.4 49.0 10.6 5.6 22.7 12.1

Timor-Leste 1 132 879 3 940 Middle 96 188 158 – 219 16.6 — — — — —Togo 6 816 982 530 Low 1 044 2 123 1 719 – 2 526 31.1 — — — — —Tonga 105 323 4 490 Middle 8 8 — 7.6 62.5 — — 37.5 —Trinidad and Tobago 1 341 151 15 760 High 147 189 — 14.1 64.2 2.6 2.0 31.1 —Tunisia 10 996 515 4 200 Middle 1 505 2 679 2 346 – 3 012 24.4 48.6h 20.5i 2.5 28.2 —Turkey 74 932 641 10 970 Middle 4 786 6 687 — 8.9 25.0 4.3 0.9 26.2 43.6Turkmenistan 5 240 072 6 880 Middle 883 914 844 – 983 17.4 74.7 — 1.9 23.4 —Uganda 37 578 876 550 Low 2 851 10 280 7 820 – 12 739 27.4 7.2 30.6 7.6 40.2 14.5United Arab Emirates 9 346 129 38 360 High 651 1 021 845 – 1 198 10.9 57.3 2.6 0.3 26.1 13.7United Kingdom 63 136 265 41 680 High 1 770 1 827 — 2.9 46.3 19.3 6.4 22.9 5.2

United Republic of Tanzania 49 253 126 630 Low 3 885 16 211 13 116 – 19 307 32.9 35h 21.7i 11.2 31.2 0.9

United States of America 320 050 716 53 470 High 32 719 34 064 — 10.6 64.4 14.8 2.2 14.1 4.5Uruguay 3 407 062 15 180 High 567 567 — 16.6 25.9 52.9 2.8 15.7 2.6Uzbekistan 28 934 102 1 880 Middle 2 231 3 240 — 11.2 — — — — —Vanuatu 252 763 3 130 Middle 12 42 37 – 47 16.6 44.4 — — 55.6 —Viet Nam 91 679 733 1 740 Middle 9 845 22 419 — 24.5 — — — — —West Bank and Gaza Strip 4 326 295 3 070 Middle 133 241 — 5.6 54.1 2.3 — 43.6 —Yemen 24 407 381 1 330 Middle 3 239 5 248 4 426 – 6 069 21.5 — — — — —Zambia 14 538 640 1 810 Middle 1 797 3 586 2 914 – 4 257 24.7 48.4 2.2 11.6 36.4 —Zimbabwe 14 149 648 860 Low 1 787 3 985 3 319 – 4 652 28.2 20.5 6.2 3.6 16.5 53.3

a Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (June 2013). World population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations.

b Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is the dollar value of a country’s final income in a year divided by its population using Atlas methodology. Data from World Development Indicators database, World Bank, March 2015. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries.

c World Development Indicators database: Low income is $1 045 or less, middle income is $1 046 to $12 745, high income is $12 745 or more.d Adjusted for 30-day definition of a road traffic death.e Modelled using negative binomial regression (see preamble on page 70). Data from countries with good vital registration and countries with a population of less than 100 000 were

not included in the model.f 2013 data not available. Latest available used from World Development Indicators database.g Drivers and passengers (4 + wheels).h Drivers and passengers (all vehicles).i Drivers motorized 2-or 3-wheelers.

272

TABLE A3POST-CRASH RESPONSE BY COUNTRY/AREA

Country/area Universal access telephone number

Estimated% seriously

injured patients transported by

ambulance

Training in emergency medicine available

Emergency-room based injury surveillance

system

Vital registration

system exists

Estimated % road

traffic crash victims with permanent disabilityFor

doctorsFor

nurses

Afghanistan National < 11 Yes No No No —Albania National 11 – 49 No Yes Yes Yes —Algeria Multiple numbers ≥ 75 No No No Yes —Andorra Multiple numbers ≥ 75 No Yes No Yes —Angola Subnational < 11 Yes Yes Yes No —Antigua and Barbuda National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Argentina National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Armenia National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Australia National — Yes Yes Yes Yes 15.0Austria National ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes 3.5Azerbaijan National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2.5Bahamas National 50 – 74 — Yes No Yes —Bahrain National < 11 Yes Yes No Yes —Bangladesh None < 11 Yes No No Yes —Barbados Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes —Belarus National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Belgium National 50 – 74 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Belize National — No Yes Yes Yes —Benin Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes Yes No Yes —Bhutan National 50 – 74 Yes Yes No Yes —Bolivia (Plurinational State of) National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Bosnia and Herzegovina National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Botswana Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes No No Yes —Brazil National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Bulgaria National — Yes Yes Yes Yes —Burkina Faso National ≥ 75 Yes No No Yes —

Cabo Verde NoneNo ambulance services in my

countryNo No No Yes —

Cambodia Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes 16.2Cameroon National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Canada National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes 15.8Central African Republic National < 11 No No No Yes —Chad None < 11 No No No Yes 5.0Chile National — Yes Yes Yes Yes —China National ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes —Colombia National 11 – 49 Yes No No Yes —Congo Multiple numbers < 11 No No No Yes —Cook Islands National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Costa Rica National ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes —Côte d'Ivoire Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes No Yes Yes —Croatia National 50 – 74 Yes No Yes Yes 0.5Cuba National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Cyprus National ≥ 75 No Yes No Yes —Czech Republic National 50 – 74 Yes Yes No Yes —Democratic Republic of the Congo Multiple numbers < 11 Yes No No No —

Denmark National ≥ 75 No No Yes Yes —Djibouti Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes No No Yes —Dominica National 50 – 74 Yes Yes No Yes —

273




ambulance



system

Vital registration

system exists

Estimated % road


doctorsFor

nurses

Dominican Republic National < 11 Yes No No Yes 12.0Ecuador National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes 4.28Egypt National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes —El Salvador Multiple numbers 50 – 74 No No Yes Yes —Eritrea None 11 – 49 No No Yes No —Estonia National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Ethiopia Subnational < 11 Yes Yes No No —Fiji Multiple numbers 11 – 49 — Yes No Yes —Finland National 50 – 74 No Yes Yes Yes 4.0France National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Gabon Multiple numbers < 11 No No No Yes —Gambia National < 11 No No Yes Yes —Georgia National 50 – 74 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Germany National ≥ 75 Yes — No Yes —Ghana National 11 – 49 Yes Yes No Yes —Greece National 11 – 49 No Yes No Yes 10.0Guatemala National ≥ 75 No No No Yes 60.0Guinea None < 11 No No Yes Yes —Guinea-Bissau Multiple numbers < 11 No No Yes No 5.0Guyana National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Honduras National < 11 No No — Yes —Hungary Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Iceland National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —India Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes Yes No Yes 2.0 – 3.0Indonesia Multiple numbers < 11 Yes Yes No Yes —Iran (Islamic Republic of) National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes 5.0Iraq Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Ireland National 50 – 74 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Israel Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Italy National 50 – 74 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2.5Jamaica National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Japan National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Jordan National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes 13.5Kazakhstan Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes 5.0Kenya National < 11 No No No Yes —Kiribati National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Kuwait National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Kyrgyzstan National 11 – 49 No Yes Yes Yes —Lao People's Democratic Republic National 11 – 49 Yes — No No —

Latvia National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Lebanon Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes 18.0

Lesotho SubnationalNo ambulance services in my

countryYes No No Yes —

Liberia None < 11 No No No Yes —Libya National < 11 Yes Yes No Yes —Lithuania National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Luxembourg National ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes 3.7Madagascar None < 11 Yes No Yes Yes —

274




ambulance



system

Vital registration

system exists

Estimated % road


doctorsFor

nurses

Malawi NoneNo ambulance services in my

countryYes Yes Yes Yes —

Malaysia National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Maldives National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Mali National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Malta National ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes —Marshall Islands Multiple numbers 50 – 74 Yes Yes No Yes —Mauritania Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes No No No —Mauritius National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Mexico Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes 16.4Micronesia (Federated States of) Subnational < 11 No Yes No Yes —

Monaco National ≥ 75 Yes — No Yes —Mongolia National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Montenegro Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes —Morocco National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —

Mozambique NoneNo ambulance services in my

countryNo No Yes Yes —

Myanmar National < 11 Yes No No Yes —Namibia None — — — — Yes —Nepal None 11 – 49 Yes No No Yes —Netherlands National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes 5.0 – 8.0New Zealand National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Nicaragua Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes — Yes Yes —Niger Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes —Nigeria Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes — No Yes —Norway National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Oman National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Pakistan Multiple numbers 11 – 49 No No No No —Palau National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Panama National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Papua New Guinea Multiple numbers < 11 Yes Yes Yes No —Paraguay National 50 – 74 Yes — Yes Yes —Peru National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes 4.0Philippines National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Poland National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Portugal National ≥ 75 No Yes No Yes —Qatar National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Republic of Korea National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.4Republic of Moldova Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Romania National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No No —Russian Federation National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Rwanda National — — — Yes No —Saint Lucia Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National < 11 Yes Yes No Yes —

Samoa Multiple numbers < 11 Yes Yes No Yes 10.1San Marino Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.6Sao Tome and Principe National < 11 No No No Yes —Saudi Arabia National 50 – 74 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Senegal Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes No No Yes —Serbia Multiple numbers 50 – 74 Yes Yes No Yes —Seychelles National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —

275




ambulance



system

Vital registration

system exists

Estimated % road


doctorsFor

nurses

Sierra Leone National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Singapore Multiple numbers 50 – 74 Yes Yes No Yes —Slovakia National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes ≤ 5.0Slovenia National 50 – 74 Yes No Yes Yes —Solomon Islands National < 11 No No No Yes —Somalia Subnational < 11 No No Yes No —South Africa Multiple numbers 50 – 74 Yes Yes No Yes —Spain National ≥ 75 No No No Yes —Sri Lanka National < 11 Yes No No Yes —Sudan National 11 – 49 Yes No No Yes —Suriname National 11 – 49 No No No Yes —Swaziland Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes Yes No Yes —Sweden National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes 10.0Switzerland National ≥ 75 Yes Yes No Yes —Tajikistan National < 11 No Yes Yes Yes —Thailand National 50 – 74 Yes No Yes Yes 4.6The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes 11.5

Timor-Leste National 11 – 49 No No Yes Yes —Togo National ≥ 75 Yes No No Yes —Tonga Multiple numbers < 11 Yes No Yes Yes 1.9Trinidad and Tobago Multiple numbers ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Tunisia Multiple numbers < 11 Yes Yes No Yes —Turkey National ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes —Turkmenistan None 50 – 74 No No No Yes —Uganda Multiple numbers < 11 No No No Yes 2.8United Arab Emirates National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —United Kingdom National — Yes Yes Yes Yes —United Republic of Tanzania None < 11 Yes Yes No Yes —United States of America National ≥ 75 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Uruguay National ≥ 75 Yes No Yes Yes —Uzbekistan Multiple numbers 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Vanuatu Multiple numbers 50 – 74 Yes Yes Yes Yes 10.0Viet Nam National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes —West Bank and Gaza Strip National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes 1.8Yemen National 11 – 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Zambia National < 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes —Zimbabwe None < 11 No No No No —

276

TABLE A4SPEED LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT BY COUNTRY/AREA

Country/area Speed limits are set at a national level

Speed limits are modifiable at a

local level

Maximum speed Effectiveness of overall enforcement

(respondent consensus) (scale 0–10)

On urban roads (km/h)

On rural roads(km/h)

On motorways

(km/h)

Afghanistan Yes No No 90 No 1Albania Yes Yes 40 80 110 6Algeria Yes Yes 50 100 120 8Andorra Yes No 50 90 No 6Angola Yes Yes 60 90 120 5Antigua and Barbuda Yes No ~32a ~64 No 1Argentina Yes Yes 60 110 130 7Armenia Yes No 90b 90 110 7Australia Yes Yes 50 100 – 130 100 – 130 8Austria Yes Yes 50 100 130 7Azerbaijan Yes No 60 90 110 8Bahamas Yes Yes 24 – 72 48 – 72 — 4Bahrain Yes No 60 100 No 7Bangladesh Yes No No ~112 No 3Barbados Yes No 80 80 80 5Belarus Yes No 60c 90 110 8Belgium Yes Yes 50d 90 120 7Belize Yes No ~40 No ~88 6Benin No — — — — —Bhutan Yes Yes 30 50 50 5Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes No 40 80 No 5Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes No 50d 80 130 6Botswana Yes Yes 60 80 120 7Brazil Yes Yes 80d 60 110 7Bulgaria Yes No 50 90 140 7Burkina Faso Yes Yes 50 90 No 3Cabo Verde Yes No 50 90 120 5Cambodia Yes No 40 90 100 4Cameroon Yes Yes 60 110 Noe 3Canada Yes Yes 50 50 – 110 80 – 110 6Central African Republic Yes Yes 60 110 Noe 5Chad Yes Yes 60 110 No 3Chile Yes Yes 60d 100 120 3China Yes Yes —f —f 120 8Colombia Yes Yes 80 120 120 2Congo Yes Yes 60 110 No 3Cook Islands Yes No 50g 50g 50g 6Costa Rica Yes No 50 60 No 6Côte d'Ivoire Yes No 60 110 120 6Croatia Yes Yes 50h 90 130 7Cuba Yes No 50 90 100 6Cyprus Yes No 65 No 100 7Czech Republic Yes Yes 50h 90 130 7Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes No 60 90 120 3

Denmark Yes Yes 50h 80 130 —Djibouti Yes Yes 50i 80 No 3Dominica No — — — — —Dominican Republic Yes No 35j 60 100 3Ecuador Yes Yes 50 100 90 6

277



local level





On motorways

(km/h)

Egypt Yes Yes 60 90 100 5El Salvador Yes No 50 90 No 5Eritrea Yes Yes 60 100 No 5Estonia Yes Yes 50k 90 Noe 7Ethiopia Yes Yes 60 70 100 3Fiji No — — — — —Finland Yes Yes 50l 80 120 8France Yes Yes 50 90 130 9Gabon Yes Yes 60 110 No 3Gambia Yes Yes No No No 5Georgia Yes No 60 90 110 7Germany Yes Yes 50 100 No —Ghana Yes No 50 90 100 4Greece Yes Yes 50 90 130 6Guatemala Yes Yes 60m 80 100 3Guinea No — — — — —Guinea-Bissau Yes No 60 No No 2Guyana Yes No ~64 ~64 No 5Honduras Yes No — — — 4Hungary Yes Yes 50 90 130 8Iceland Yes No 50 90 100 6India Yes Yes No No No 3Indonesia Yes Yes 70 100 No 5Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No 60 95 125 7Iraq Yes No 60j 100 120 3Ireland Yes Yes 50 100 120 —Israel Yes No 50 80 110 7Italy Yes Yes 50 90 150 8Jamaica Yes No ~48 ~80 No 6Japan Yes Yes 60 60 100 7Jordan Yes Yes 90 120 120 6Kazakhstan Yes No 60k 110 140 8Kenya Yes Yes 50 100 110 6Kiribati Yes No 40 60 60 3Kuwait Yes No 45 80 80 5Kyrgyzstan Yes No 60d 90 110 6Lao People's Democratic Republic Yes No 40 90 Noe 4

Latvia Yes No 50 90 No 7Lebanon Yes Yes 50 70 100 5Lesotho Yes No 50 80 No 4Liberia Yes No ~40 ~56 ~72 1Libya Yes No 50 85 100 2Lithuania Yes No 50d 90 130 8Luxembourg Yes Yes 50 90 130 6Madagascar Yes Yes 50h No No 5Malawi Yes No 50 80 100 5Malaysia Yes Yes 90 90 110 6Maldives Yes No 30d 30 Noe 6Mali Yes Yes 50 90 120 3

278



local level





On motorways

(km/h)

Malta Yes No 50 80 No 6Marshall Islands Yes Yes ~40 ~64 ~64 4Mauritania Yes Yes 80 100 100 3Mauritius Yes No 90 90 110 7Mexico Yes Yes 20 – 70 20 – 90 40 – 110 5Micronesia (Federated States of) Subnational — — — — —

Monaco Yes Yes 70 No No 5Mongolia Yes No 60 80 100 2Montenegro Yes No 50h 80 130 8Morocco Yes Yes 60 100 120 6Mozambique Yes No 60n 120 No 4Myanmar Yes Yes 48 80 No 5Namibia Yes No 60 120 120 7Nepal Yes No 80 80 No 7Netherlands Yes No 50 80 130 7New Zealand Yes Yes 50 100 100 8Nicaragua Yes No 45 100 60 9Niger Yes No 50 No No 5Nigeria Yes No 50 80 100 6Norway Yes Yes 50 80 100 8Oman Yeso No — — No 9Pakistan Yes Yes 90 110 130 4Palau Yes No No No Noe 7Panama Yes No 80 100 120 4Papua New Guinea Yes No 60p 75 No 2Paraguay Yes Yes 50 110 110 4Peru Yes Yes 60 60 80 2Philippines Yes Yes 40 80 No 5Poland Yes Yes 50q 90 140 5Portugal Yes Yes 50 90 120 7Qatar Yes No 100 120 120 8Republic of Korea Yes Yes 80k 80 120 8Republic of Moldova Yes No 50h 110 110 7Romania Yes Yes 50h 90 130 5Russian Federation Yes Yes 60 90 110 8Rwanda Yes Yes 40 80 No 6Saint Lucia Yes No No No No 0Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes No ~48 ~48 No 6

Samoa Yes No ~56 ~56 No 6San Marino Yes No 70 70 No 5Sao Tome and Principe Yes Yes 50 90 120 5Saudi Arabia Yes Yes 80 120 No 8Senegal Yes Yes No 90 110 3Serbia Yes Yes 50 100 120 6Seychelles Yes No 40 65 85 6Sierra Leone Yes No 50 80 No 3Singapore Yes No 70 No 90 8Slovakia Yes No 50 90 130 7Slovenia Yes No 50r 90 130 8Solomon Islands Yes Yes No No No 0Somalia Yess Yes 40 60 No 2South Africa Yes Yes 60 100 120 3Spain Yes Yes 50 90 120 7

279



local level





On motorways

(km/h)

Sri Lanka Yes No 50 70 No 4Sudan Yes Yes 50 90 No 6Suriname Yes No 40 80 80 7Swaziland Yes Yes 100 100 100 6Sweden Yes Yes 50 110 120 6Switzerland Yes No 50 80 120 7Tajikistan Yes No 60 90 110 8Thailand Yes No 80 90 120 3The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes 60d 80 130 6

Timor-Leste Yes No 50 90 120 5Togo No — — — — 9Tonga Yes No 50 70 70 7Trinidad and Tobago Yes No 50 80 No 4Tunisia Yes Yes 50 90 110 4Turkey Yes No 50 110 120 4Turkmenistan Yes Yes 60 90 110 10Uganda Yes No 50 100 No 5United Arab Emirates Yes Yes 90t 120 120 10United Kingdom Yes Yes 48 96 112 —United Republic of Tanzania Yes No 50 No No 4United States of America Yes Yes 32 – 105 40 – 121 105 – 121 —Uruguay Yes Yes 45l 90 No 4Uzbekistan Yes No 70 100 No 9Vanuatu No — — — — —Viet Nam Yes No 50 80 No 6West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes 50 80 110 6Yemen Yes Yes No No No 0Zambia Yes No 50 100 No 8Zimbabwe Yes Yes 60 120 120 7

a Applies in the city of Saint John’s and in designated speed limit areas. b Can be reduced to 60 km/h in residential areas. c Refers to built- up areas. d Can be increased to unspecified limit.e Has no motorways.f Speed may not to exceed sign-posted speed limit.g Road type not specified.h Can be increased up to 80 km/h.i Speed limit is 50 km/h in Djibouti and Ambouli cities, and 30 km/h in other urban centres.j Can be increased up to 100 km/h.k Can be increased up to 90 km/h.l Can be increased up to 60 km/h.m Speed limit for highways in urban areas is 80 km/h.n 60 km/h within urban centres and 120 km/h outside of urban centres.o Urban and rural speed limits vary by terrain.p Higher speed limit may be posted.q 60 km/h from 23:00–05:00.r Can be increased up to 70 km/h.s Speed law based on limits in the following administrative subdivisions of Somalia: Awdal, Marodi Jeeh, Sanaagh, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed.t Speed limit varies by emirate.

280

TABLE A5DRINKING AND DRIVING LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO ALCOHOL BY COUNTRY/AREA

Country/area National drink–driving law

Drink–driving is defined by BAC or equivalent BrAC

National maximum legal BAC levels Random breath testing or police check points used for

enforcement

Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 0–10)

Proportion of road traffic deaths that are attributable

to alcohol %

National drug–driving

lawFor the general population

(g/dl)

For young or Novice drivers

(g/dl)

For professional or commercial drivers (g/dl)

Afghanistan Yesa No — — — No 1 — YesAlbania Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 5 6.1 YesAlgeria Yes Yes < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes 7 — YesAndorra Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 Yes 8 0.0 YesAngola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes 5 — YesAntigua and Barbuda Yes No — — — No 0 — YesArgentina Yes Yes ≤ 0.05b ≤ 0.05b 0.00 Yes 6 27.0 YesArmenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 7 1.9 YesAustralia Yes Yes 0.049 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 30.0 YesAustria Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes 8 6.8 YesAzerbaijan Yes No — — — Yes 8 31.0 YesBahamas Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 4 — NoBahrain Yes No — — — No 7 2.9 YesBangladesh Yesa No — — — No 2 — YesBarbados Yes No — — — No 1 — YesBelarus Yes Yes < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 Yes 9 13.9 YesBelgium Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.02 Yes 5 25.0 YesBelize Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 — YesBenin No — — — — Yes — — NoBhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes 5 — YesBolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 7 — YesBosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes 6 5.9/15.0c YesBotswana Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes 6 10.0 YesBrazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 — YesBulgaria Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 6 2.5 YesBurkina Faso Yes No — — — No 1 — NoCabo Verde Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 6 — YesCambodia Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 4 15.0 YesCameroon Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 2 — YesCanada Yes Yes 0.04 – 0.08 0.00 – 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 7 33.6 YesCentral African Republic Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — NoChad Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 1 — NoChile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 4 14.2 YesChina Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 9 3.8 YesColombia Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes 7 8.0 YesCongo Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 3 — NoCook Islands Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 — 4 25.0 YesCosta Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes 7 0.9 YesCôte d'Ivoire Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 3 — NoCroatia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 19.3 YesCuba Yes Yesd ≤ 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 3.9 YesCyprus Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 7 14.0 YesCzech Republic Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 9.0 YesDemocratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 Yes 3 — No

Denmark Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes — — YesDjibouti Yesa Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 4 — NoDominica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 1 — YesDominican Republic Yes No — — — No 2 — Yes

281




enforcement



to alcohol %



(g/dl)


(g/dl)


Afghanistan Yesa No — — — No 1 — YesAlbania Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 5 6.1 YesAlgeria Yes Yes < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes 7 — YesAndorra Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 Yes 8 0.0 YesAngola Yes Yes ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.06 Yes 5 — YesAntigua and Barbuda Yes No — — — No 0 — YesArgentina Yes Yes ≤ 0.05b ≤ 0.05b 0.00 Yes 6 27.0 YesArmenia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 7 1.9 YesAustralia Yes Yes 0.049 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 30.0 YesAustria Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes 8 6.8 YesAzerbaijan Yes No — — — Yes 8 31.0 YesBahamas Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 4 — NoBahrain Yes No — — — No 7 2.9 YesBangladesh Yesa No — — — No 2 — YesBarbados Yes No — — — No 1 — YesBelarus Yes Yes < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 Yes 9 13.9 YesBelgium Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.02 Yes 5 25.0 YesBelize Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 — YesBenin No — — — — Yes — — NoBhutan Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes 5 — YesBolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 7 — YesBosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes 6 5.9/15.0c YesBotswana Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes 6 10.0 YesBrazil Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 — YesBulgaria Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 6 2.5 YesBurkina Faso Yes No — — — No 1 — NoCabo Verde Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 6 — YesCambodia Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 4 15.0 YesCameroon Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 2 — YesCanada Yes Yes 0.04 – 0.08 0.00 – 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 7 33.6 YesCentral African Republic Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — NoChad Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 1 — NoChile Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 4 14.2 YesChina Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 9 3.8 YesColombia Yes Yes ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes 7 8.0 YesCongo Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 3 — NoCook Islands Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 — 4 25.0 YesCosta Rica Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes 7 0.9 YesCôte d'Ivoire Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 3 — NoCroatia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 19.3 YesCuba Yes Yesd ≤ 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 3.9 YesCyprus Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 7 14.0 YesCzech Republic Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 9.0 YesDemocratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 Yes 3 — No

Denmark Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes — — YesDjibouti Yesa Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 4 — NoDominica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 1 — YesDominican Republic Yes No — — — No 2 — Yes

282




enforcement



to alcohol %



(g/dl)


(g/dl)


Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yes 4 — YesEgypt Yes No — — — Yes 6 — YesEl Salvador Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 6 2.6 YesEritrea Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.03 Yes 6 — YesEstonia Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 8 25.0 YesEthiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 1 4.3 YesFiji Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes 6 14.6 YesFinland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 9 22.0 YesFrance Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 8 29.0 YesGabon Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 2 — NoGambia Yes No — — — No 1 2.1 YesGeorgia Yes Yes < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 Yes 8 5.3 YesGermany Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 ≤ 0.05 Yes — 9.4 YesGhana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 3 — NoGreece Yes Yes ≤ 0.049 ≤ 0.049 ≤ 0.049 Yes 6 — YesGuatemala Yes No — — — Yes 2 15.0 YesGuinea Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No 2 — NoGuinea-Bissau Yes No — — — Yes 1 5.0 NoGuyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 4 16.1 YesHonduras Yes Yes < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.07 Yes 6 4.0 YesHungary Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 8.0 YesIceland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 5 20.0 YesIndia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 4 4.7 YesIndonesia Yes No — — — Yes 5 — YesIran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yes 8 — YesIraq Yes No — — — No 2 — YesIreland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes — 15.6 YesIsrael Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes 8 3.2 YesItaly Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 7 25.0 YesJamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 3 — YesJapan Yes Yes < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 Yes 9 6.2 YesJordan Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 4 — YesKazakhstan Yes No — — — Yes 10 0.5 YesKenya Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — YesKiribati Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — YesKuwait Yesa No — — — No 10 — YesKyrgyzstan Yes No — — — Yes 5 5.3 YesLao People's Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 0.00 No 2 — No

Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes 7 5.6 YesLebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 5 — YesLesotho Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 3 — YesLiberia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No 0 — YesLibya Yesa No — — — No 4 1.6 YesLithuania Yes Yes < 0.041 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 15.6 YesLuxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 6 22.2 YesMadagascar Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 5 — YesMalawi Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 3 — YesMalaysia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 23.3 NoMaldives Noa — — — — No — — No Mali Yesa Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes 2 — YesMalta Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — YesMarshall Islands No — — — — — — 100.0 NoMauritania Yesa No — — — — 8 — YesMauritius Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 5 24.3 Yes

283




enforcement



to alcohol %



(g/dl)


(g/dl)


Ecuador Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.01 Yes 4 — YesEgypt Yes No — — — Yes 6 — YesEl Salvador Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 6 2.6 YesEritrea Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.03 Yes 6 — YesEstonia Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 8 25.0 YesEthiopia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 1 4.3 YesFiji Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yes 6 14.6 YesFinland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 9 22.0 YesFrance Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 8 29.0 YesGabon Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 2 — NoGambia Yes No — — — No 1 2.1 YesGeorgia Yes Yes < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 Yes 8 5.3 YesGermany Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 ≤ 0.05 Yes — 9.4 YesGhana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 3 — NoGreece Yes Yes ≤ 0.049 ≤ 0.049 ≤ 0.049 Yes 6 — YesGuatemala Yes No — — — Yes 2 15.0 YesGuinea Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 No 2 — NoGuinea-Bissau Yes No — — — Yes 1 5.0 NoGuyana Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 4 16.1 YesHonduras Yes Yes < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.07 Yes 6 4.0 YesHungary Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 8.0 YesIceland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 5 20.0 YesIndia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 4 4.7 YesIndonesia Yes No — — — Yes 5 — YesIran (Islamic Republic of) Yesa No — — — Yes 8 — YesIraq Yes No — — — No 2 — YesIreland Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes — 15.6 YesIsrael Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes 8 3.2 YesItaly Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 7 25.0 YesJamaica Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 3 — YesJapan Yes Yes < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 Yes 9 6.2 YesJordan Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 4 — YesKazakhstan Yes No — — — Yes 10 0.5 YesKenya Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — YesKiribati Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — YesKuwait Yesa No — — — No 10 — YesKyrgyzstan Yes No — — — Yes 5 5.3 YesLao People's Democratic Republic Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 0.00 No 2 — No

Latvia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02 Yes 7 5.6 YesLebanon Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 5 — YesLesotho Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 3 — YesLiberia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 No 0 — YesLibya Yesa No — — — No 4 1.6 YesLithuania Yes Yes < 0.041 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 15.6 YesLuxembourg Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 6 22.2 YesMadagascar Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 5 — YesMalawi Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 3 — YesMalaysia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 23.3 NoMaldives Noa — — — — No — — No Mali Yesa Yes <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Yes 2 — YesMalta Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — YesMarshall Islands No — — — — — — 100.0 NoMauritania Yesa No — — — — 8 — YesMauritius Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 5 24.3 Yes

284




enforcement



to alcohol %



(g/dl)


(g/dl)


Mexico Yes No — — — Yes 5 5.1 YesMicronesia (Federated States of) Subnational — — — — — — — Subnational

Monaco Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 8 — NoMongolia Yes Yesd < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 Yes 3 20.2 YesMontenegro Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 — YesMorocco Yesa Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 2 3.0 YesMozambique Yes Yes < 0.06 < 0.06 < 0.06 Yes 5 — YesMyanmar Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes — — NoNamibia Yes Yes ≤ 0.079 ≤ 0.079 ≤ 0.079 Yes 2 — YesNepal Yes No — — — Yes 9 — YesNetherlands Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.05 Yes 7 18.9 YesNew Zealand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 ≤ 0.05 Yes 9 31.0 YesNicaragua Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 Yes 9 8.0 YesNiger Yes No — — — No 4 — YesNigeria Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 2 1.3 YesNorway Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 7 17.0 YesOman Yes No — — — Yes 8 0.4 YesPakistan Yesa No — — — No 3 — YesPalau Yes Yes 0.1 0.1 0.1 No 7 100.0 YesPanama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 4 — YesPapua New Guinea Yes No — — — No 3 56.0 YesParaguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes 3 — YesPeru Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes 3 10.0 YesPhilippines Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 0.00 Yes 1 1.4 YesPoland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 8 16.0 YesPortugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 7 30.5 YesQatar Yesa No — — — No 8 — YesRepublic of Korea Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 No 8 14.3 YesRepublic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 11.6 YesRomania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 5.1 YesRussian Federation Yes Yesd 0.03 0.03 0.03 Yes 6 8.6 YesRwanda Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 — NoSaint Lucia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 0 — YesSaint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes No — — — No 5 — Yes

Samoa Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 — YesSan Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 7 0.0 YesSao Tome and Principe No — — — — No — — NoSaudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No 8 — YesSenegal Yesa No — — — No 2 — YesSerbia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes 5 7.1 YesSeychelles Yes Yes 0.08 — — Yes 6 60.0 YesSierra Leone Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 4 40.0 YesSingapore Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 10.6 YesSlovakia Yes Noe 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes 7 23.0 YesSlovenia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 30.0 YesSolomon Islands Yes No — — — No 5 16.4 YesSomalia Yesa,f No — — — No 1 — YesSouth Africa Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.02 Yes 4 57.5 YesSpain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 6.7 – 17.0 YesSri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 6 — YesSudan Yesa No — — — Yes 6 — YesSuriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 6 — YesSwaziland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.02 Yes 5 — Yes

285




enforcement



to alcohol %



(g/dl)


(g/dl)


Mexico Yes No — — — Yes 5 5.1 YesMicronesia (Federated States of) Subnational — — — — — — — Subnational

Monaco Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 8 — NoMongolia Yes Yesd < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 Yes 3 20.2 YesMontenegro Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 — YesMorocco Yesa Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 2 3.0 YesMozambique Yes Yes < 0.06 < 0.06 < 0.06 Yes 5 — YesMyanmar Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes — — NoNamibia Yes Yes ≤ 0.079 ≤ 0.079 ≤ 0.079 Yes 2 — YesNepal Yes No — — — Yes 9 — YesNetherlands Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.05 Yes 7 18.9 YesNew Zealand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 ≤ 0.05 Yes 9 31.0 YesNicaragua Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 Yes 9 8.0 YesNiger Yes No — — — No 4 — YesNigeria Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 2 1.3 YesNorway Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 7 17.0 YesOman Yes No — — — Yes 8 0.4 YesPakistan Yesa No — — — No 3 — YesPalau Yes Yes 0.1 0.1 0.1 No 7 100.0 YesPanama Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 4 — YesPapua New Guinea Yes No — — — No 3 56.0 YesParaguay Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes 3 — YesPeru Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.025 Yes 3 10.0 YesPhilippines Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 0.00 Yes 1 1.4 YesPoland Yes Yes < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 8 16.0 YesPortugal Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 Yes 7 30.5 YesQatar Yesa No — — — No 8 — YesRepublic of Korea Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 No 8 14.3 YesRepublic of Moldova Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 11.6 YesRomania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 5.1 YesRussian Federation Yes Yesd 0.03 0.03 0.03 Yes 6 8.6 YesRwanda Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 — NoSaint Lucia Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 No 0 — YesSaint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes No — — — No 5 — Yes

Samoa Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 — YesSan Marino Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Yes 7 0.0 YesSao Tome and Principe No — — — — No — — NoSaudi Arabia Yesa No — — — No 8 — YesSenegal Yesa No — — — No 2 — YesSerbia Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 0.00 0.00 Yes 5 7.1 YesSeychelles Yes Yes 0.08 — — Yes 6 60.0 YesSierra Leone Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 4 40.0 YesSingapore Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 8 10.6 YesSlovakia Yes Noe 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yes 7 23.0 YesSlovenia Yes Yes < 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 8 30.0 YesSolomon Islands Yes No — — — No 5 16.4 YesSomalia Yesa,f No — — — No 1 — YesSouth Africa Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.02 Yes 4 57.5 YesSpain Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 6.7 – 17.0 YesSri Lanka Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 6 — YesSudan Yesa No — — — Yes 6 — YesSuriname Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 6 — YesSwaziland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.02 Yes 5 — Yes

286




enforcement



to alcohol %



(g/dl)


(g/dl)


Sweden Yes Yes 0.02 0.02 0.02 Yes 8 19.0 YesSwitzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes 6 16.4 YesTajikistan Yes No — — — Yes 8 3.2 YesThailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 0.00 Yes 6 25.8 YesThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 6 1.0 Yes

Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 4 — YesTogo Yes No — — — No 4 — YesTonga Yes Yesd ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 25.0 YesTrinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — YesTunisia Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 No 4 1.0 YesTurkey Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 Yes 3 3.3 YesTurkmenistan Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 10 2.2 YesUganda Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 0.00 Yes 4 — YesUnited Arab Emirates Yesa Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes 10 — YesUnited Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes — 16.0/17.0g YesUnited Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 0.00 Yes 4 — YesUnited States of America Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 – 0.08 — Yes — 30.8 YesUruguay Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 0.00 Yes 7 38.0 YesUzbekistan Yes No — — — Yes 9 — YesVanuatu Yes No — — — No 4 22.0 YesViet Nam Yes Yes 0.00 – 0.05 0.00 – 0.05 0.00 – 0.05 Yes 5 34.0 YesWest Bank and Gaza Strip Yes No — — — Yes 5 — YesYemen Yesa No — — — No 0 — YesZambia Yes No — — — Yes 7 — YesZimbabwe Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 4 — Yes

a Consumption of alcohol legally prohibited.b ≤ 0.02 g/dl for motorcycle drivers.c 15% for Republic of Srpska and 5.9% for federation B&H.d Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC.e Not based on BAC or BrAC and law completely prohibits alcohol use.f Law refers to the following administrative subdivisions of Somalia: Awdal, Marodi Jeeh, Sanaagh, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed. There is no national drink - driving law in

Somalia.g 16% (Great Britain provisional) and 17% (Northern Ireland).

287




enforcement



to alcohol %



(g/dl)


(g/dl)


Sweden Yes Yes 0.02 0.02 0.02 Yes 8 19.0 YesSwitzerland Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes 6 16.4 YesTajikistan Yes No — — — Yes 8 3.2 YesThailand Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 0.00 Yes 6 25.8 YesThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yes 6 1.0 Yes

Timor-Leste Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 Yes 4 — YesTogo Yes No — — — No 4 — YesTonga Yes Yesd ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 8 25.0 YesTrinidad and Tobago Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes 5 — YesTunisia Yes Yes < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 No 4 1.0 YesTurkey Yes Yes ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02 Yes 3 3.3 YesTurkmenistan Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 Yes 10 2.2 YesUganda Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 0.00 Yes 4 — YesUnited Arab Emirates Yesa Yes ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 Yes 10 — YesUnited Kingdom Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 Yes — 16.0/17.0g YesUnited Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08 0.00 Yes 4 — YesUnited States of America Yes Yes ≤ 0.08 0.00 – 0.08 — Yes — 30.8 YesUruguay Yes Yes ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03 0.00 Yes 7 38.0 YesUzbekistan Yes No — — — Yes 9 — YesVanuatu Yes No — — — No 4 22.0 YesViet Nam Yes Yes 0.00 – 0.05 0.00 – 0.05 0.00 – 0.05 Yes 5 34.0 YesWest Bank and Gaza Strip Yes No — — — Yes 5 — YesYemen Yesa No — — — No 0 — YesZambia Yes No — — — Yes 7 — YesZimbabwe Yes Yes < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.08 Yes 4 — Yes

a Consumption of alcohol legally prohibited.b ≤ 0.02 g/dl for motorcycle drivers.c 15% for Republic of Srpska and 5.9% for federation B&H.d Law based on breath alcohol concentration, values converted to BAC.e Not based on BAC or BrAC and law completely prohibits alcohol use.f Law refers to the following administrative subdivisions of Somalia: Awdal, Marodi Jeeh, Sanaagh, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed. There is no national drink - driving law in

Somalia.g 16% (Great Britain provisional) and 17% (Northern Ireland).

288

TABLE A6HELMET LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY /AREA

Country/area There is a national helmet law

The law applies to the following road users

The law applies to Law requires helmet to meet a standard

Law requires helmet to be fastened

Effectiveness of overall enforcement


Child passengers Required to wear a

helmet

Estimated helmet wearing rate (%)

Drivers Adult passengers

All road types All engine types

Afghanistan No — — — — — — — — —

Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes 17.7% All ridersAlgeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Andorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 98.0% PassengersAngola Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 4 Yes 60% Drivers, 40% PassengersAntigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — — — —Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 61.0% Drivers, 40.0% PassengersArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 7 Yes —Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 99.0% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes >95.0% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Bahamas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes —Bahrain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes —Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes 99.3% Drivers, 99.3% PassengersBelize Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes —Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes 15.2% Drivers, 1.4% PassengersBhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes —Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes —Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 6 Yes —Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes —Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 80.7% All ridersBulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes 80.0% Drivers, 30.0% PassengersBurkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 1 Yes 9.0% All ridersCabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes —Cambodia Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 5 No 63.8% Drivers, 6.4% PassengersCameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 1 Yes —Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes 95.0% All ridersCentral African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes —Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 4 Yes —Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 99.0% Drivers, 99.0% PassengersChina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 6 Yes 20.0% All ridersColombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes 91.4% Drivers, 78.5% PassengersCongo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes —Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes —Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes 94.0% Drivers, 71.0% PassengersCôte d'Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 2 Yes —Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes 50.0% Drivers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes 90.0% Drivers, 90.0% PassengersCyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% PassengersCzech Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 95.0% Drivers, 85.0% PassengersDemocratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes —

Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — Yes 96.0% – 99.0% All ridersa

Djibouti Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Dominica No — — — — — — — — —Dominican Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 5 No —Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes 84.0% Drivers, 21.0% Passengers

289








helmet




Afghanistan No — — — — — — — — —

Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes 17.7% All ridersAlgeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Andorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 98.0% PassengersAngola Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 4 Yes 60% Drivers, 40% PassengersAntigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — — — —Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 61.0% Drivers, 40.0% PassengersArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 7 Yes —Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 99.0% Drivers Austria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes >95.0% All riders Azerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Bahamas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes —Bahrain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes —Belarus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Belgium Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes 99.3% Drivers, 99.3% PassengersBelize Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes —Benin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes 15.2% Drivers, 1.4% PassengersBhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes —Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes —Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 6 Yes —Botswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes —Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 80.7% All ridersBulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes 80.0% Drivers, 30.0% PassengersBurkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 1 Yes 9.0% All ridersCabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes —Cambodia Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 5 No 63.8% Drivers, 6.4% PassengersCameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 1 Yes —Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes 95.0% All ridersCentral African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes —Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 4 Yes —Chile Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 99.0% Drivers, 99.0% PassengersChina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 6 Yes 20.0% All ridersColombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes 91.4% Drivers, 78.5% PassengersCongo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes —Cook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes —Costa Rica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes 94.0% Drivers, 71.0% PassengersCôte d'Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 2 Yes —Croatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes 50.0% Drivers Cuba Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes 90.0% Drivers, 90.0% PassengersCyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes 75.1% Drivers, 68.3% PassengersCzech Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 95.0% Drivers, 85.0% PassengersDemocratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes —

Denmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — Yes 96.0% – 99.0% All ridersa

Djibouti Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Dominica No — — — — — — — — —Dominican Republic Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 5 No —Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes 84.0% Drivers, 21.0% Passengers

290








helmet




Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No 7 Yes —Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes 95% All riders, 90% PassengersEstonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 1 Yes —Fiji No — — — — — — — — —Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 92.0% PassengersGabon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 6 Yes —Gambia No — — — — — — — — —Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No — Yes 99.0% Drivers, 99.0% PassengersGhana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Yes 34.2% Drivers, 1.9% PassengersGreece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 75.0% Drivers, 46.0% PassengersGuatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 2 Yes —Guinea-Bissau No — — — — — — — — —Guyana No — — — — — — — — —Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes 20.0–80.0%% All riders, 60.0% DriversIndonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes 80.0% Drivers, 52.0% PassengersIran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes 35.0% Drivers, 12.0% PassengersIraq Yesb Yes No Yes Yes No No 2 No —Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — Yes 98.0% All riders, 98.0% DriversIsrael Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 98.0% PassengersItaly Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 90.0% All ridersJamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Yes 6.0% All ridersJapan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 Yes —Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Kiribati No — — — — — — — — —Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes —Lao People's Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —

Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Yes —Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Liberia No — — — — — — — — —Libya Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 1 No —Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 8 Yes —Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Yes —Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes —Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Yes 97.4% Drivers, 88.7% PassengersMaldives Yesc No No No Yes No No 7 No —Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 2 Yes 17.8% All ridersMalta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes —Marshall Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 10 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 98.0% PassengersMauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 2 Yes —Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes —

291








helmet




Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —El Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No 7 Yes —Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes 95% All riders, 90% PassengersEstonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Ethiopia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 1 Yes —Fiji No — — — — — — — — —Finland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —France Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 92.0% PassengersGabon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 6 Yes —Gambia No — — — — — — — — —Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No — Yes 99.0% Drivers, 99.0% PassengersGhana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Yes 34.2% Drivers, 1.9% PassengersGreece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 75.0% Drivers, 46.0% PassengersGuatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 2 Yes —Guinea-Bissau No — — — — — — — — —Guyana No — — — — — — — — —Honduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —Hungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Iceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —India Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes 20.0–80.0%% All riders, 60.0% DriversIndonesia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes 80.0% Drivers, 52.0% PassengersIran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes 35.0% Drivers, 12.0% PassengersIraq Yesb Yes No Yes Yes No No 2 No —Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — Yes 98.0% All riders, 98.0% DriversIsrael Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 98.0% PassengersItaly Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 90.0% All ridersJamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Yes 6.0% All ridersJapan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Jordan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 Yes —Kenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Kiribati No — — — — — — — — —Kuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes —Lao People's Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —

Latvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Lebanon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Yes —Lesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Liberia No — — — — — — — — —Libya Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 1 No —Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 8 Yes —Luxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Madagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Yes —Malawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes —Malaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Yes 97.4% Drivers, 88.7% PassengersMaldives Yesc No No No Yes No No 7 No —Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 2 Yes 17.8% All ridersMalta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes —Marshall Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 10 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 98.0% PassengersMauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 2 Yes —Mauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes —

292








helmet




Mexico No No No No No No No 6 Yes 70.8% Drivers, 15.9% PassengersMicronesia (Federated States of) Subnational — — — — — — — — —

Monaco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes 100% All ridersMongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 1 Yes 6.6% Drivers Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes 80.0% Drivers, 50.0% PassengersMorocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 43.0% Drivers, 8.0% PassengersMozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 3 Yes —Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes 48.0 — 51.0% All riders Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 4 Yes 12.0% All riders Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 7 Yes 94 – 100% Drivers, 84% PassengersNew Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Nicaragua Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 6 Yes —Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 6 Yes —Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 10 Yes 99.0% Drivers, 99.0% PassengersOman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 10 Yes 95.0% DriversPakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 2 Yes 10.4% All riders, 10.4% Drivers Palau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 Yes —Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Yes —Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 82.0% Drivers, 52.0% PassengersPeru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 95.0% PassengersPhilippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 6 Yes 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes 97.0% All ridersPortugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 99.1% Drivers, 96.4% PassengersQatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes —Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 6 Yes 73.8% All ridersRepublic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes —Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 Yes —Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes —

Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 3 Yes —San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 10 Yes 100% Drivers, 100% PassengersSao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 5 Yes —Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 3 Yes —Senegal Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes 53.7% Drivers, 13.8% PassengersSerbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 8 Yes 87.2% All ridersSeychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes 90.0% Drivers, 90.0% PassengersSierra Leone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes —Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes —Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Somalia No — — — — — — — — —South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes —Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes 99.0% Drivers, 99.3% PassengersSri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 7 Yes —Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 95.0% Drivers, 92.0% Passengers

293








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Mexico No No No No No No No 6 Yes 70.8% Drivers, 15.9% PassengersMicronesia (Federated States of) Subnational — — — — — — — — —

Monaco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes 100% All ridersMongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 1 Yes 6.6% Drivers Montenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes 80.0% Drivers, 50.0% PassengersMorocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 43.0% Drivers, 8.0% PassengersMozambique Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 3 Yes —Myanmar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes 48.0 — 51.0% All riders Namibia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 4 Yes 12.0% All riders Nepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Netherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 7 Yes 94 – 100% Drivers, 84% PassengersNew Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Nicaragua Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Niger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 6 Yes —Nigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 6 Yes —Norway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 10 Yes 99.0% Drivers, 99.0% PassengersOman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 10 Yes 95.0% DriversPakistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 2 Yes 10.4% All riders, 10.4% Drivers Palau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 Yes —Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Papua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5 Yes —Paraguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 82.0% Drivers, 52.0% PassengersPeru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes 98.0% Drivers, 95.0% PassengersPhilippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 6 Yes 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes 97.0% All ridersPortugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 99.1% Drivers, 96.4% PassengersQatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 8 Yes —Republic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 6 Yes 73.8% All ridersRepublic of Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Romania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 9 Yes —Russian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes —Rwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 Yes —Saint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 4 Yes —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes —

Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 3 Yes —San Marino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 10 Yes 100% Drivers, 100% PassengersSao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 5 Yes —Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 3 Yes —Senegal Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes 53.7% Drivers, 13.8% PassengersSerbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 8 Yes 87.2% All ridersSeychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes 90.0% Drivers, 90.0% PassengersSierra Leone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes —Singapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Slovakia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 Yes —Slovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 Yes —Solomon Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes —Somalia No — — — — — — — — —South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 5 Yes —Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes 99.0% Drivers, 99.3% PassengersSri Lanka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 7 Yes —Sudan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 5 Yes —Suriname Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 95.0% Drivers, 92.0% Passengers

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Swaziland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes —

Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 90.0 – 97.0% Drivers, 90.0 – 97.0% Passengers

Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes 96.0 – 100% Drivers Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 6 Yes —Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 52.0% Drivers, 20.0% PassengersThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes 50.0% All riders

Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes —Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes 100% Drivers, 100% PassengersTrinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes 95.0% Drivers, 95.0% PassengersTunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 3 Yes —Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 3 Yes —Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 Yes —Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes 49.0% Drivers, 1.0% PassengersUnited Arab Emirates Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 10 No —United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — Yes —United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 5 No —United States of America Yes No No No Yes Yes No — Yes 63.0% Drivers, 46.0% PassengersUruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes 85.0% Drivers, 74.0% PassengersUzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 8 Yes —Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes 50.0% Drivers, 50.0% PassengersViet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 96.0% Drivers, 83.0% PassengersWest Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes —Yemen Yes Yes No No No No No 2 No 4.0% Drivers, 0.0% PassengersZambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes —Zimbabwe Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 No —

a 99% motorcycles and 96% mopeds.b Only applies inside cities.c Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit.

295








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Swaziland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes —

Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Yes 90.0 – 97.0% Drivers, 90.0 – 97.0% Passengers

Switzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes 96.0 – 100% Drivers Tajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 6 Yes —Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes 52.0% Drivers, 20.0% PassengersThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes 50.0% All riders

Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes —Togo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 7 Yes —Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 Yes 100% Drivers, 100% PassengersTrinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes 95.0% Drivers, 95.0% PassengersTunisia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 3 Yes —Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 3 Yes —Turkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 Yes —Uganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 3 Yes 49.0% Drivers, 1.0% PassengersUnited Arab Emirates Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 10 No —United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — Yes —United Republic of Tanzania Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No 5 No —United States of America Yes No No No Yes Yes No — Yes 63.0% Drivers, 46.0% PassengersUruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 8 Yes 85.0% Drivers, 74.0% PassengersUzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 8 Yes —Vanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 Yes 50.0% Drivers, 50.0% PassengersViet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 Yes 96.0% Drivers, 83.0% PassengersWest Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Yes —Yemen Yes Yes No No No No No 2 No 4.0% Drivers, 0.0% PassengersZambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 9 Yes —Zimbabwe Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 9 No —

a 99% motorcycles and 96% mopeds.b Only applies inside cities.c Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit.

296

TABLE A7SEAT-BELT AND CHILD RESTRAINT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY/AREA

Country/area Seat-belt law Effectiveness of seat-belt law

enforcement (respondent

consensus) (scale 0 – 10)

Estimated seat-belt wearing rate(s) Estimated seat-belt wearing rate(s) Child restraintsThere is a

National seat-belt law

The law applies to front and rear

occupants

Drivers only (%) Front seat occupants (%)

Rear seat occupants (%)

All seat occupants (%)

There is a National child restraint law

Restrictions on children sitting in

front seat

Child restraint law based on ( Age/ Weight /

Height)

Effectiveness of child restraint

law enforcement (respondent consensus)

(scale 1 – 10)

% Children using child restraints

Afghanistan No — — — — — — No No — — —Albania Yes Yes 7 24.0 16.0 — — Yes Yes Yes 3 —Algeria Yes Yes 10 90.0 90.0 — — No Yes — — —Andorra Yes No 8 70.0 70.0 10.0 70.0 Yes No Yes 7 —Angola Yes Yes 8 80.0 90.0 15.0 60.0 Yes Yes Yes 4 —Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — No No — — —Argentina Yes Yes 6 42.0 37.0 26.0 38.0 Yes Yes Yes — 33.7Armenia Yes Yes 6 — — — — No Yes — — —Australia Yes Yes 7 — 97.0 96.0 — Yes Yes Yes 6 —Austria Yes Yes 6 87.0 86.0 65.0 86.0 Yes No Yes 8 45.0Azerbaijan Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes No Yes 5 —Bahamas Yes Yes 6 — — — — Yes No Yes 7 —Bahrain Yes No 7 20.0 — — — Yes Yes — 0 —Bangladesh No — — — — — — No No — — —Barbados Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes No Yes 3 —Belarus Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 7 —Belgium Yes Yes 6 — 86.4 — — Yes No Yes 5 52.0Belize Yes No 7 — — — 81.6 No No — — —Benin No — — — — — — No No — — —Bhutan Yes Yes 3 — — — — No No — — —Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes No 3 — — — — No No — — —

Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes 650.0% for Republic of Srpska and 24.5% for

FB&H

52.0% for Republic of Srpska and 17.9% for

Federation FB&H


Federation FB&H— Yes Yes Yes 6 24.0% for RS

Botswana Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 2 —Brazil Yes Yes 7 — 73.2 37.3 — Yes Yes Yes 6 57.0Bulgaria Yes Yes 7 — — — 80.0 Yes Yes Yes 5 —Burkina Faso Yes Yes 0 — — — — Yes Yes Yes — —Cabo Verde Yes No 6 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 0 —Cambodia Yes No 5 — — — — Yes No Yes 0 —Cameroon Yes No 4 — — — — No No — — —Canada Yes Yes 8 95.7 95.5 89.2 95.3 Yes No Yes 8 77.0Central African Republic Yes No 7 — — — — No No — — —Chad Yes No 2 — — — — No No — — —Chile Yes Yes 3 82.0 77.0 14.0 — Yes Yes Yes 3 —China Yes Yes 8 36.7 — — — No No — — < 1Colombia Yes Yes 3 — — — — Yes Yes Yesa — —Congo Yes No 3 — — — — No No — — —Cook Islands No — — — — — — No No — — —Costa Rica Yes Yes 8 70.0 66.0 53.0 — Yes Yes Yes 7 —Côte d'Ivoire Yes No 4 — — — — No No — — —Croatia Yes Yes 7 70.0 65.0 30.0 48.0 Yes Yes Yes 5 —Cuba Yes Yes 8 90.0 85.0 10.0 60.0 Yes Yes Yes 4 —Cyprus Yes Yes 7 85.9 85.9 13.4 — Yes Yes Yes 7 —Czech Republic Yes Yes 9 97.0 95.0 80.0 — Yes Yes Yes 8 —Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes No 4 — — — — No Yes — — —

Denmark Yes Yes — 69.0 – 94.0 — 81.0 — Yes Yes Yes — —Djibouti Yes Yes 3 — — — — No Yes — — —

297







occupants






front seat


Height)



(scale 1 – 10)


Afghanistan No — — — — — — No No — — —Albania Yes Yes 7 24.0 16.0 — — Yes Yes Yes 3 —Algeria Yes Yes 10 90.0 90.0 — — No Yes — — —Andorra Yes No 8 70.0 70.0 10.0 70.0 Yes No Yes 7 —Angola Yes Yes 8 80.0 90.0 15.0 60.0 Yes Yes Yes 4 —Antigua and Barbuda No — — — — — — No No — — —Argentina Yes Yes 6 42.0 37.0 26.0 38.0 Yes Yes Yes — 33.7Armenia Yes Yes 6 — — — — No Yes — — —Australia Yes Yes 7 — 97.0 96.0 — Yes Yes Yes 6 —Austria Yes Yes 6 87.0 86.0 65.0 86.0 Yes No Yes 8 45.0Azerbaijan Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes No Yes 5 —Bahamas Yes Yes 6 — — — — Yes No Yes 7 —Bahrain Yes No 7 20.0 — — — Yes Yes — 0 —Bangladesh No — — — — — — No No — — —Barbados Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes No Yes 3 —Belarus Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 7 —Belgium Yes Yes 6 — 86.4 — — Yes No Yes 5 52.0Belize Yes No 7 — — — 81.6 No No — — —Benin No — — — — — — No No — — —Bhutan Yes Yes 3 — — — — No No — — —Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes No 3 — — — — No No — — —

Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes 650.0% for Republic of Srpska and 24.5% for

FB&H


Federation FB&H


Federation FB&H— Yes Yes Yes 6 24.0% for RS

Botswana Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 2 —Brazil Yes Yes 7 — 73.2 37.3 — Yes Yes Yes 6 57.0Bulgaria Yes Yes 7 — — — 80.0 Yes Yes Yes 5 —Burkina Faso Yes Yes 0 — — — — Yes Yes Yes — —Cabo Verde Yes No 6 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 0 —Cambodia Yes No 5 — — — — Yes No Yes 0 —Cameroon Yes No 4 — — — — No No — — —Canada Yes Yes 8 95.7 95.5 89.2 95.3 Yes No Yes 8 77.0Central African Republic Yes No 7 — — — — No No — — —Chad Yes No 2 — — — — No No — — —Chile Yes Yes 3 82.0 77.0 14.0 — Yes Yes Yes 3 —China Yes Yes 8 36.7 — — — No No — — < 1Colombia Yes Yes 3 — — — — Yes Yes Yesa — —Congo Yes No 3 — — — — No No — — —Cook Islands No — — — — — — No No — — —Costa Rica Yes Yes 8 70.0 66.0 53.0 — Yes Yes Yes 7 —Côte d'Ivoire Yes No 4 — — — — No No — — —Croatia Yes Yes 7 70.0 65.0 30.0 48.0 Yes Yes Yes 5 —Cuba Yes Yes 8 90.0 85.0 10.0 60.0 Yes Yes Yes 4 —Cyprus Yes Yes 7 85.9 85.9 13.4 — Yes Yes Yes 7 —Czech Republic Yes Yes 9 97.0 95.0 80.0 — Yes Yes Yes 8 —Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes No 4 — — — — No Yes — — —

Denmark Yes Yes — 69.0 – 94.0 — 81.0 — Yes Yes Yes — —Djibouti Yes Yes 3 — — — — No Yes — — —

298







occupants






front seat


Height)



(scale 1 – 10)


Dominica Yes Yes 0 — — — — No No — — —Dominican Republic Yes No 7 — — — — No Yes — — —Ecuador Yes Yes 7 74.7 38.6 3.4 55.6 Yes Yes Yes 5 1.0Egypt Yes No 8 13.7 – 18.5 3.1 – 3.8 — — No Yes — — —El Salvador Yes No 6 — — — — Yes No Yes 0 —Eritrea Yes Yes 6 80.0 60.0 10.0 50.0 Yes Yes Yes 1 —Estonia Yes Yes 9 94.1 95.0 88.2 95.0 Yes No Yes 9 97.1Ethiopia Yes Yes 8 — — — <1 Yes Yes Yes 1 —Fiji No — — — — — — No No — — —Finland Yes Yes 8 91.0 89.0 86.0 88.0 Yes No Yes 9 97.0France Yes Yes 9 99.0 99.0 87.0 — Yes Yes Yes 8 —Gabon Yes No 7 — — — — No No — — —Gambia Yes No 10 — — — — Yes No Yes 1 —Georgia Yes No 8 80.0 80.0 — — No Yes — — —Germany Yes Yes — 97.0 98.0 97.0 97.0 Yes Yes Yes — 82.0–85.0Ghana Yes Yes 5 17.6 4.9 — — Nob Yes — — —Greece Yes Yes 6 77.0 74.0 23.0 72.0 Yes Yes — 4 67.0Guatemala Yes No 5 61.0 61.0 — — No No — — —Guinea Yes No 3 — — — — Yes Yes Yes — —Guinea-Bissau No — — — — — — No No — — —Guyana Yes No 8 — — — — Yes No — — —Honduras Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes Yes Yes — —Hungary Yes Yes 8 86.5 87.3 57.3 86.0 Yes Yes Yes 8 83.0Iceland Yes Yes 6 87.0 — — — Yes No Yes 9 —India Yes Yes 4.0 26.0c 26.0 — — No No — — —Indonesia Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes 7 92.0 85.0 10.0 50.0 No Yes — — —Iraq Yesd No 5 — — — — No Yes — — —Ireland Yes Yes — 94.0 94.0 89.0 93.0 Yes Yes Yes — —Israel Yes Yes 8 97.0 95.0 74.0 — Yes Yes Yes 8 93.0Italy Yes Yes 6 — 64.0 10.0 — Yes No Yes 6 —Jamaica Yes Yes 3 51.0 54.0 4.0 — Yes No — 1 —

Japan Yes Yes 8 99.4e 97.9e 68.2e 94.2e Yes No Yes 881% <1 year, 62% 1 – 4 years, 38% 5 years, 60% Total

Jordan Yes No 6 42.4 — — — No Yes — — —Kazakhstan Yes Yes 10 — — — — Yes No Yes 7 —Kenya Yes Yes 6 — — — — No No — — —Kiribati Yes Yes 1 — — — — Yes No Yes 0 —Kuwait Yes No 3 — — — — No Yes — — —Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes 7 — — — — No Yes — — —Lao People's Democratic Republic Yes No 2 — — — — Yes No — 1 —

Latvia Yes Yes 6 — 82.8 37.1 — Yes Yes Yes 9 —Lebanon Yes Yes 3 13.7 — — — Yes Yes Yes 0 —Lesotho Yes No 3 — — — — No No — — —Liberia No — — — — — — No No — — —Libya Yes Yes 3 — — — — No No — — —Lithuania Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 8 —Luxembourg Yes Yes 7 81.0 78.0 60.0 79.0 Yes Yes Yes 8 —Madagascar Yes No 5 — — — — No Yes — — —Malawi Yes No 4 — — — — No No — — —Malaysia Yes No 4 87.2 76.7 12.5 — No No — — —

299







occupants






front seat


Height)



(scale 1 – 10)


Dominica Yes Yes 0 — — — — No No — — —Dominican Republic Yes No 7 — — — — No Yes — — —Ecuador Yes Yes 7 74.7 38.6 3.4 55.6 Yes Yes Yes 5 1.0Egypt Yes No 8 13.7 – 18.5 3.1 – 3.8 — — No Yes — — —El Salvador Yes No 6 — — — — Yes No Yes 0 —Eritrea Yes Yes 6 80.0 60.0 10.0 50.0 Yes Yes Yes 1 —Estonia Yes Yes 9 94.1 95.0 88.2 95.0 Yes No Yes 9 97.1Ethiopia Yes Yes 8 — — — <1 Yes Yes Yes 1 —Fiji No — — — — — — No No — — —Finland Yes Yes 8 91.0 89.0 86.0 88.0 Yes No Yes 9 97.0France Yes Yes 9 99.0 99.0 87.0 — Yes Yes Yes 8 —Gabon Yes No 7 — — — — No No — — —Gambia Yes No 10 — — — — Yes No Yes 1 —Georgia Yes No 8 80.0 80.0 — — No Yes — — —Germany Yes Yes — 97.0 98.0 97.0 97.0 Yes Yes Yes — 82.0–85.0Ghana Yes Yes 5 17.6 4.9 — — Nob Yes — — —Greece Yes Yes 6 77.0 74.0 23.0 72.0 Yes Yes — 4 67.0Guatemala Yes No 5 61.0 61.0 — — No No — — —Guinea Yes No 3 — — — — Yes Yes Yes — —Guinea-Bissau No — — — — — — No No — — —Guyana Yes No 8 — — — — Yes No — — —Honduras Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes Yes Yes — —Hungary Yes Yes 8 86.5 87.3 57.3 86.0 Yes Yes Yes 8 83.0Iceland Yes Yes 6 87.0 — — — Yes No Yes 9 —India Yes Yes 4.0 26.0c 26.0 — — No No — — —Indonesia Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —Iran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes 7 92.0 85.0 10.0 50.0 No Yes — — —Iraq Yesd No 5 — — — — No Yes — — —Ireland Yes Yes — 94.0 94.0 89.0 93.0 Yes Yes Yes — —Israel Yes Yes 8 97.0 95.0 74.0 — Yes Yes Yes 8 93.0Italy Yes Yes 6 — 64.0 10.0 — Yes No Yes 6 —Jamaica Yes Yes 3 51.0 54.0 4.0 — Yes No — 1 —

Japan Yes Yes 8 99.4e 97.9e 68.2e 94.2e Yes No Yes 881% <1 year, 62% 1 – 4 years, 38% 5 years, 60% Total

Jordan Yes No 6 42.4 — — — No Yes — — —Kazakhstan Yes Yes 10 — — — — Yes No Yes 7 —Kenya Yes Yes 6 — — — — No No — — —Kiribati Yes Yes 1 — — — — Yes No Yes 0 —Kuwait Yes No 3 — — — — No Yes — — —Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes 7 — — — — No Yes — — —Lao People's Democratic Republic Yes No 2 — — — — Yes No — 1 —

Latvia Yes Yes 6 — 82.8 37.1 — Yes Yes Yes 9 —Lebanon Yes Yes 3 13.7 — — — Yes Yes Yes 0 —Lesotho Yes No 3 — — — — No No — — —Liberia No — — — — — — No No — — —Libya Yes Yes 3 — — — — No No — — —Lithuania Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 8 —Luxembourg Yes Yes 7 81.0 78.0 60.0 79.0 Yes Yes Yes 8 —Madagascar Yes No 5 — — — — No Yes — — —Malawi Yes No 4 — — — — No No — — —Malaysia Yes No 4 87.2 76.7 12.5 — No No — — —

300







occupants






front seat


Height)



(scale 1 – 10)


Maldives Yesf No 4 — — — — No No — — —Mali Nog — — — — — — Yes No — 1 —Malta Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 8 —Marshall Islands No — — — — — — No No — — —Mauritania Yes Noh 4 — — — — No Yes — — —Mauritius Yes Yes 8 93.8 97.4 0.2 63.8 No No — — —Mexico No No 7 57.5 35.6 12.6 58.4 No No — 4 12.3Micronesia (Federated States of) Subnational — — — — — — Subnational No — — —

Monaco No — — — — — — No Yes — — —Mongolia Yes Yes 3 42.1 — — — No No — — —Montenegro Yes Yes 7 60.0 – 70.0 40.0 – 50.0 5.0 45.0 Yes Yes Yes 6 —Morocco Yes Noh 7 50.0 46.0 — — No Yes — — —Mozambique Yes Yes 4 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 3 —Myanmar No — — — — — — No No — — —Namibia Yes Yes 5 — 55.0 1.0 — Yes Yes — 1 —Nepal Yes No 5 — — — — No No — — —Netherlands Yes Yes 7 96.9 96.6 82.0 95.8 Yes Yes Yes 7 —New Zealand Yes Yes 9 95.0 – 97.0 96.0 90.0 96.0 Yes Yes Yes 9 92.0 – 96.0Nicaragua Yes No 9 — — — — Yes Yes Yes — —Niger No — — — — — — No No — — —Nigeria Yes No 8 87.0 87.0 10.0 50.0 Yes No Yes 2 —Norway Yes Yes 8 96.3 – 96.9 94 – 95.5 — 94.4 – 95.6 Yes Yes Yes 6 —Oman Yes Yes 9 97.0 — — — Yes No Yes 5 —Pakistan Yes No 3 — — — — No No — — —Palau No — — — — — — No No — — —Panama Yes Yes 8 90.0 90.0 10.0 — Yes Yes Yes 2 —Papua New Guinea Yes Yes 4 — — — — No No — — —Paraguay Yes Yes 9 70.0 66.0 65.0 — Yes Yes Yes — —Peru Yes Yes 7 85.0 — — — Yesi No Yes — —Philippines Yes Yes 5 79.7 — — — No Yes — — —Poland Yes Yes 7 83.0 84.0 59.0 80.0 Yes Yes Yes 8 88.0 – 89.0Portugal Yes Yes 8 96.0 – 97.0 96.0 77.0 94.8 Yes Yes Yes 8 85.0 – 88.0Qatar Yes No 7 — — — — No Yes — — —Republic of Korea Yes Yes 7 86.7 84.4 19.4 69.9 No No — — —Republic of Moldova Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 — Yes Yes Yes 5 50Romania Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 7 —Russian Federation Yes Yes 7 74.0 70.0 24.0 — Yes Yes Yes 6 21.0 – 51.0Rwanda Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —Saint Lucia Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 8 —

Samoa Yes No 6 — — — — No No — — —San Marino Yes Yes 7 60.0 60.0 5.0 60.0 Yes No Yes 7 —Sao Tome and Principe Yes No 3 — — — — No Yes — — —Saudi Arabia Yes Yes 5 — — — — Yes Yes — 2 —Senegal Yes No 5 — — — — No No — — —Serbia Yes Yes 6 69.9 65.8 3.1 55.6 Yes Yes Yes 2 18.0Seychelles Yes Yes 6 50.0 40.0 2.0 30.0 Yes No — 4 —Sierra Leone Yes Yes 9 — — — — Yes Yes — 6 —Singapore Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 8 —Slovakia Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 8 —Slovenia Yes Yes 9 93.1 94.5 66.2 84.0 Yes No Yes 9 94.0

301







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(scale 1 – 10)


Maldives Yesf No 4 — — — — No No — — —Mali Nog — — — — — — Yes No — 1 —Malta Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 8 —Marshall Islands No — — — — — — No No — — —Mauritania Yes Noh 4 — — — — No Yes — — —Mauritius Yes Yes 8 93.8 97.4 0.2 63.8 No No — — —Mexico No No 7 57.5 35.6 12.6 58.4 No No — 4 12.3Micronesia (Federated States of) Subnational — — — — — — Subnational No — — —

Monaco No — — — — — — No Yes — — —Mongolia Yes Yes 3 42.1 — — — No No — — —Montenegro Yes Yes 7 60.0 – 70.0 40.0 – 50.0 5.0 45.0 Yes Yes Yes 6 —Morocco Yes Noh 7 50.0 46.0 — — No Yes — — —Mozambique Yes Yes 4 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 3 —Myanmar No — — — — — — No No — — —Namibia Yes Yes 5 — 55.0 1.0 — Yes Yes — 1 —Nepal Yes No 5 — — — — No No — — —Netherlands Yes Yes 7 96.9 96.6 82.0 95.8 Yes Yes Yes 7 —New Zealand Yes Yes 9 95.0 – 97.0 96.0 90.0 96.0 Yes Yes Yes 9 92.0 – 96.0Nicaragua Yes No 9 — — — — Yes Yes Yes — —Niger No — — — — — — No No — — —Nigeria Yes No 8 87.0 87.0 10.0 50.0 Yes No Yes 2 —Norway Yes Yes 8 96.3 – 96.9 94 – 95.5 — 94.4 – 95.6 Yes Yes Yes 6 —Oman Yes Yes 9 97.0 — — — Yes No Yes 5 —Pakistan Yes No 3 — — — — No No — — —Palau No — — — — — — No No — — —Panama Yes Yes 8 90.0 90.0 10.0 — Yes Yes Yes 2 —Papua New Guinea Yes Yes 4 — — — — No No — — —Paraguay Yes Yes 9 70.0 66.0 65.0 — Yes Yes Yes — —Peru Yes Yes 7 85.0 — — — Yesi No Yes — —Philippines Yes Yes 5 79.7 — — — No Yes — — —Poland Yes Yes 7 83.0 84.0 59.0 80.0 Yes Yes Yes 8 88.0 – 89.0Portugal Yes Yes 8 96.0 – 97.0 96.0 77.0 94.8 Yes Yes Yes 8 85.0 – 88.0Qatar Yes No 7 — — — — No Yes — — —Republic of Korea Yes Yes 7 86.7 84.4 19.4 69.9 No No — — —Republic of Moldova Yes Yes 8 65.5 61.8 17.5 — Yes Yes Yes 5 50Romania Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 7 —Russian Federation Yes Yes 7 74.0 70.0 24.0 — Yes Yes Yes 6 21.0 – 51.0Rwanda Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —Saint Lucia Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 8 —

Samoa Yes No 6 — — — — No No — — —San Marino Yes Yes 7 60.0 60.0 5.0 60.0 Yes No Yes 7 —Sao Tome and Principe Yes No 3 — — — — No Yes — — —Saudi Arabia Yes Yes 5 — — — — Yes Yes — 2 —Senegal Yes No 5 — — — — No No — — —Serbia Yes Yes 6 69.9 65.8 3.1 55.6 Yes Yes Yes 2 18.0Seychelles Yes Yes 6 50.0 40.0 2.0 30.0 Yes No — 4 —Sierra Leone Yes Yes 9 — — — — Yes Yes — 6 —Singapore Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes No Yes 8 —Slovakia Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 8 —Slovenia Yes Yes 9 93.1 94.5 66.2 84.0 Yes No Yes 9 94.0

302







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Height)



(scale 1 – 10)


Solomon Islands No — — — — — — No No — — —Somalia No — — — — — — No Yes — — —South Africa Yes Yes 2 33.0 31.0 — — No No — — —Spain Yes Yes 9 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Yes Yes Yes 8 88.0Sri Lanka Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —Sudan Yes No 8 — — — — No Yes — — —Suriname Yes Yes 8 80.0 80.0 — — Yes No Yes 5 —Swaziland Yes No 6 — — — — No No — — —Sweden Yes Yes 8 98.0 98.0 84.0 97.0 Yes No Yes 7 96.0Switzerland Yes Yes 8 — 91.0 – 92.0 72.0 — Yes No Yes 7 —Tajikistan Yes Yes 3 — — — — No No — — —Thailand Yes No 6 58.0 54.0 — — No No — — —The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes 6 60.0 60.0 10.0 — No Yes — — —

Timor-Leste Yes Yes 2 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 2 —Togo Yes Yes 7 — — — — No No — — —Tonga No — — — — — — No No — — —Trinidad and Tobago Yes No 7 95.0 95.0 — — Yes Yes Yes 4 —Tunisia Yesg No 2 — — — — No Yes — — —Turkey Yes Yes 2 43.6 35.9 — — Yes Yes Yes 3 —Turkmenistan Yes Yes 10 — — — — Yes Yes — — —Uganda Yes Yes 3 — — — — No No — — —United Arab Emirates Yes No 10 — — — — No Yes — — —

United Kingdom Yes Yes —90% (Great Britain),

98% (Northern Ireland)

95% (Great Britain), 98% (Northern

Ireland)


Ireland) 98% for Northern

Ireland Yes Yes Yes — —

United Republic of Tanzania Yes No 6 — — — — No No — — —United States of America Yes No — 87.0 84.0 70.0 86.0 Yes No Yes — 91.0Uruguay Yes Yes 6 62.4 56.2 31.5 56.3 Yes Yes Yes 4 28.0Uzbekistan Yes Yes 9 — — — — No Yes — — —Vanuatu No — — — — — — No No — — —Viet Nam Yes No 6 — — — — No No — — —West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes No Yes 6 —Yemen Yes No 2 — — — — No No — — —Zambia Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 6 —Zimbabwe Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —

a Law applies only to children under two years of age.b Children in front seats under five have to be held in an appropriate restraint.c Only in Bangalore.d Only applies inside cities.e On expressways. % lower on other roads.f Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit.g Law applies only outside urban areas.h Law applies to rear seats only outside urban areas.i Effective on January 5, 2015.

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Height)



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Solomon Islands No — — — — — — No No — — —Somalia No — — — — — — No Yes — — —South Africa Yes Yes 2 33.0 31.0 — — No No — — —Spain Yes Yes 9 90.3 90.5 80.6 88.3 Yes Yes Yes 8 88.0Sri Lanka Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —Sudan Yes No 8 — — — — No Yes — — —Suriname Yes Yes 8 80.0 80.0 — — Yes No Yes 5 —Swaziland Yes No 6 — — — — No No — — —Sweden Yes Yes 8 98.0 98.0 84.0 97.0 Yes No Yes 7 96.0Switzerland Yes Yes 8 — 91.0 – 92.0 72.0 — Yes No Yes 7 —Tajikistan Yes Yes 3 — — — — No No — — —Thailand Yes No 6 58.0 54.0 — — No No — — —The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes 6 60.0 60.0 10.0 — No Yes — — —

Timor-Leste Yes Yes 2 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 2 —Togo Yes Yes 7 — — — — No No — — —Tonga No — — — — — — No No — — —Trinidad and Tobago Yes No 7 95.0 95.0 — — Yes Yes Yes 4 —Tunisia Yesg No 2 — — — — No Yes — — —Turkey Yes Yes 2 43.6 35.9 — — Yes Yes Yes 3 —Turkmenistan Yes Yes 10 — — — — Yes Yes — — —Uganda Yes Yes 3 — — — — No No — — —United Arab Emirates Yes No 10 — — — — No Yes — — —

United Kingdom Yes Yes —90% (Great Britain),

98% (Northern Ireland)


Ireland)


Ireland) 98% for Northern

Ireland Yes Yes Yes — —

United Republic of Tanzania Yes No 6 — — — — No No — — —United States of America Yes No — 87.0 84.0 70.0 86.0 Yes No Yes — 91.0Uruguay Yes Yes 6 62.4 56.2 31.5 56.3 Yes Yes Yes 4 28.0Uzbekistan Yes Yes 9 — — — — No Yes — — —Vanuatu No — — — — — — No No — — —Viet Nam Yes No 6 — — — — No No — — —West Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes 7 — — — — Yes No Yes 6 —Yemen Yes No 2 — — — — No No — — —Zambia Yes Yes 8 — — — — Yes Yes Yes 6 —Zimbabwe Yes No 8 — — — — No No — — —

a Law applies only to children under two years of age.b Children in front seats under five have to be held in an appropriate restraint.c Only in Bangalore.d Only applies inside cities.e On expressways. % lower on other roads.f Only required on roads where vehicles may be driven at a speed higher than the normal limit.g Law applies only outside urban areas.h Law applies to rear seats only outside urban areas.i Effective on January 5, 2015.

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TABLE A8MOBILE PHONE LAWS BY COUNTRY/AREA

Country/areaLegislation on mobile

phone use while driving

Law applies to Any data on the use of mobile phones while

driving availableHand-held mobile

phone use Hands-free phonesAfghanistan No — — NoAlbania Yes Yes No NoAlgeria Yes Yes Yes YesAndorra Yes Yes No NoAngola Yes Yes No NoAntigua and Barbuda No — — NoArgentina Yes Yes Yes YesArmenia Yes Yes No Yesa

Australia Yes Yes No YesAustria Yes Yes No Yesa

Azerbaijan Yes Yes No NoBahamas No — — NoBahrain Yes Yes No Yesa

Bangladesh No — — NoBarbados No — — NoBelarus Yes Yes No NoBelgium Yes Yes No NoBelize No — — NoBenin Yes Yes Yes NoBhutan Yes Yes No YesBolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — NoBosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes No Yesa

Botswana Yes Yes No YesBrazil Yes Yes No Yesa

Bulgaria Yes Yes No YesBurkina Faso Yes Yes No NoCabo Verde Yes Yes No YesCambodia Yes Yes No NoCameroon Yes Yes No NoCanada Yes Yes No YesCentral African Republic Yes Yes Yes NoChad Yes Yes Yes NoChile Yes Yes No YesChina Yes Yes No YesColombia Yes Yes No NoCongo Yes Yes Yes NoCook Islands No — — NoCosta Rica Yes Yes No NoCôte d'Ivoire Yes Yes Yes NoCroatia Yes Yes No YesCuba Yes Yes Yes NoCyprus Yes Yes No NoCzech Republic Yes Yes No YesDemocratic Republic of the Congo No — — No

Denmark Yes Yes No NoDjibouti No — — NoDominica No — — NoDominican Republic Yes Yes No NoEcuador Yes Yes No YesEgypt Yes Yes No NoEl Salvador Yes Yes Yes No

305





phone use Hands-free phonesEritrea Yes Yes No YesEstonia Yes Yes No NoEthiopia Yes Yes Yes YesFiji No — — YesFinland Yes Yes No YesaFrance Yes Yes No YesGabon Yes Yes Yes NoGambia Yes Yes No NoGeorgia Yes Yes No YesGermany Yes Yes No Yesa

Ghana Yes Yes Yes NoGreece Yes Yes No Yesa

Guatemala Yes Yes No YesGuinea Yes Yes No NoGuinea-Bissau No — — NoGuyana Yes Yes No YesHonduras Yes No No YesHungary Yes Yes No NoIceland Yes Yes No YesIndia Yes Yes Yes NoIndonesia Yes No No YesIran (Islamic Republic of) Yes Yes Yes NoIraq Yes Yes Yes NoIreland Yes Yes No YesIsrael Yes Yes No NoItaly Yes Yes No Yesa

Jamaica No — — YesJapan Yes Yes No YesJordan Yes Yes No Yesa

Kazakhstan Yes Yes No YesKenya No — — NoKiribati No — — NoKuwait Yes Yes No NoKyrgyzstan Yes Yes No NoLao People's Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes No

Latvia Yes Yes No NoLebanon Yes Yes Yes NoLesotho No — — NoLiberia No — — NoLibya Yes No No YesLithuania Yes Yes No YesLuxembourg Yes Yes No YesMadagascar Yes Yes No NoMalawi Yes Yes No NoMalaysia Yes Yes No Yesa

Maldives Yes Yes No YesMali Yes Yes No NoMalta Yes Yes No Yesa

Marshall Islands No — — NoMauritania Yes Yes Yes —Mauritius Yes Yes Yes NoMexico No No No NoMicronesia (Federated States of) Subnational — — No

Monaco No — — No

306





phone use Hands-free phonesMongolia Yes Yes No Yesa

Montenegro Yes Yes Yes YesMorocco Yes Yes No Yesa

Mozambique Yes Yes No NoMyanmar No — — NoNamibia Yes Yes No NoNepal No — — —Netherlands Yes Yes No YesNew Zealand Yes Yes No YesNicaragua Yes Yes No YesNiger Yes Yes Yes NoNigeria Yes Yes Yes YesNorway Yes Yes No NoOman Yes Yes No YesPakistan Yesb Yes Yes NoPalau No — — NoPanama Yes No Yes NoPapua New Guinea No — — NoParaguay Yes Yes Yes NoPeru Yes Yes No NoPhilippines No — — YesPoland Yes Yes No Yesa

Portugal Yes Yes No NoQatar Yes Yes No YesRepublic of Korea Yes Yes No YesRepublic of Moldova Yes Yes No NoRomania Yes Yes No NoRussian Federation Yes Yes No YesRwanda No — — NoSaint Lucia Yes Yes Yes NoSaint Vincent and the Grenadines No — — No

Samoa Yes Yes No YesSan Marino Yes Yes No NoSao Tome and Principe Yes Yes No NoSaudi Arabia Yes Yes No NoSenegal Yes Yes Yes NoSerbia Yes Yes No NoSeychelles Yes Yes No Yesa

Sierra Leone Yes No No YesSingapore Yes Yes No NoSlovakia Yes Yes No YesSlovenia Yes Yes No NoSolomon Islands No — — NoSomalia No — — NoSouth Africa Yes Yes No Yesa

Spain Yes Yes No YesSri Lanka Yes Yes No NoSudan Yes Yes Yes NoSuriname Yes Yes No NoSwaziland Yes Yes No NoSweden Yes No No NoSwitzerland Yes Yes No YesTajikistan Yes Yes No NoThailand Yes Yes No No

307





phone use Hands-free phonesThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes No Yes

Timor-Leste Yes Yes No NoTogo Yes Yes Yes NoTonga No — — NoTrinidad and Tobago Yes Yes No NoTunisia Yes Yes No NoTurkey Yes Yes Yes NoTurkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yesa

Uganda Yes Yes No NoUnited Arab Emirates Yes Yes No YesUnited Kingdom Yes Yes No YesUnited Republic of Tanzania No — — NoUnited States of America Yes Noc No Yesa

Uruguay Yes Yes No YesUzbekistan Yes Yes Yes NoVanuatu No — — NoViet Nam No — — NoWest Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes No NoYemen Yes Yes No NoZambia Yes Yes No NoZimbabwe Yes Yes No No

a Only some specific studies.b Applies only while driving on motorways.c The majority of states prohibit text messaging while driving.

308

TABLE A9ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS BY COUNTRY / AREA

Country/area Lead agency Functions of the lead agency Road safety strategies Road safety targetsA lead agency is

presentThe lead agency is

fundedCoordination Legislation Monitoring &

evaluationThere is a national road

safety strategyThe strategy is funded Fatal Non-fatal

Afghanistan Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — —

Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes Yes

Algeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesAndorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes —Angola Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesAntigua and Barbuda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Argentina Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesAustralia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesAustria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesAzerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Bahamas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesBahrain Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No NoBangladesh Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoBarbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoBelarus Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoBelgium Yes No Yes No No Yes Partially Yes NoBelize Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBenin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoBolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBotswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesBrazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoBulgaria Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBurkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCanada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCentral African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially — —Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes — Yes YesChile Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoChina Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoColombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCongo No — — — — Yes Partially No NoCook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCosta Rica Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCôte d'Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCroatia No — — — — Yes Fully Yes NoCuba Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCzech Republic Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes YesDemocratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No No

Denmark No — — — — Yes Partially Yes YesDjibouti No — — — — No — — —Dominica Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — —Dominican Republic No — — — — No — — —Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Egypt Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes NoEl Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes Yes

309






Afghanistan Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — —

Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes Yes

Algeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesAndorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes —Angola Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesAntigua and Barbuda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Argentina Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesAustralia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesAustria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesAzerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Bahamas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesBahrain Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No NoBangladesh Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoBarbados Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoBelarus Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoBelgium Yes No Yes No No Yes Partially Yes NoBelize Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBenin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBhutan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoBolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBotswana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesBrazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoBulgaria Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesBurkina Faso Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCabo Verde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCambodia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCameroon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCanada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCentral African Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially — —Chad Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes — Yes YesChile Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoChina Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoColombia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCongo No — — — — Yes Partially No NoCook Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCosta Rica Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCôte d'Ivoire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesCroatia No — — — — Yes Fully Yes NoCuba Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoCzech Republic Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes YesDemocratic Republic of the Congo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No No

Denmark No — — — — Yes Partially Yes YesDjibouti No — — — — No — — —Dominica Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — —Dominican Republic No — — — — No — — —Ecuador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Egypt Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes NoEl Salvador Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes Yes

310






Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesEstonia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially Yes YesEthiopia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially Yes NoFiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoFinland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoFrance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoGabon Yes — Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes NoGambia Yes No Yes No No No — — —Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoGermany Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoGhana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesGreece Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoGuatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesGuinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially — —Guinea-Bissau Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not funded Yes NoGuyana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoHonduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Hungary No — — — — Yes Partially Yes NoIceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesIndia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoIndonesia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Fully Yes NoIran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoIraq Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoIreland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Fully Yes YesIsrael Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoItaly Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoJamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoJapan Yes Yes No No No Yes Fully Yes YesJordan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesKazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoKenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoKiribati Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes YesKuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoKyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoLao People's Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes No

Latvia Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesLebanon No — — — — Yes Not funded No NoLesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesLiberia No — — — — — — — —Libya Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesLithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesLuxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoMadagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMalawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoMalaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoMaldives Yes No Yes Yes No No — — —Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMalta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesMarshall Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesMexico No — — — — Yes Partially Yes NoMicronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — No — — —

311






Eritrea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesEstonia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially Yes YesEthiopia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially Yes NoFiji Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoFinland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoFrance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoGabon Yes — Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes NoGambia Yes No Yes No No No — — —Georgia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoGermany Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoGhana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesGreece Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoGuatemala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesGuinea Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially — —Guinea-Bissau Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not funded Yes NoGuyana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoHonduras Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Hungary No — — — — Yes Partially Yes NoIceland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesIndia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoIndonesia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Fully Yes NoIran (Islamic Republic of) Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoIraq Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoIreland Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Fully Yes YesIsrael Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoItaly Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoJamaica Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes NoJapan Yes Yes No No No Yes Fully Yes YesJordan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesKazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoKenya Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoKiribati Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes YesKuwait Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoKyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoLao People's Democratic Republic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes No

Latvia Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesLebanon No — — — — Yes Not funded No NoLesotho Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesLiberia No — — — — — — — —Libya Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesLithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesLuxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoMadagascar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMalawi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoMalaysia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoMaldives Yes No Yes Yes No No — — —Mali Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMalta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesMarshall Islands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMauritania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMauritius Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesMexico No — — — — Yes Partially Yes NoMicronesia (Federated States of) No — — — — No — — —

312






Monaco Yes Yes Yes No No No — — —Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesMontenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMorocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully No NoMozambique Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes NoMyanmar Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoNamibia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially Yes YesNepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesNetherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesNew Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoNicaragua Yes No No No No Yes Not funded Yes NoNiger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesNigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoNorway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesOman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesPakistan Yes No No No No No — — —Palau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesPapua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Paraguay Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesPeru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesPoland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesPortugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes NoQatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesRepublic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoRepublic of Moldova Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes YesRomania Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not funded Yes NoRussian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoRwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSaint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —

Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially No NoSan Marino Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully No NoSao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully No NoSenegal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSerbia Yes No Yes No Yes No — — —Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoSierra Leone Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesSingapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoSlovakia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially Yes NoSlovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSolomon Islands Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No YesSomalia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSpain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesSri Lanka Yes No Yes Yes No No — — —Sudan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSuriname No — — — — Yes Partially Yes YesSwaziland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSwitzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoTajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No No

313






Monaco Yes Yes Yes No No No — — —Mongolia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesMontenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesMorocco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully No NoMozambique Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes NoMyanmar Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoNamibia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially Yes YesNepal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesNetherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesNew Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes NoNicaragua Yes No No No No Yes Not funded Yes NoNiger Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesNigeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoNorway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesOman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesPakistan Yes No No No No No — — —Palau Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Panama Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesPapua New Guinea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Paraguay Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesPeru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesPoland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesPortugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes NoQatar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesRepublic of Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoRepublic of Moldova Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partially Yes YesRomania Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not funded Yes NoRussian Federation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoRwanda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSaint Lucia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —

Samoa Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partially No NoSan Marino Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully No NoSao Tome and Principe Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Saudi Arabia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully No NoSenegal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSerbia Yes No Yes No Yes No — — —Seychelles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoSierra Leone Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded Yes YesSingapore Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoSlovakia Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Partially Yes NoSlovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSolomon Islands Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No YesSomalia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —South Africa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSpain Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesSri Lanka Yes No Yes Yes No No — — —Sudan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSuriname No — — — — Yes Partially Yes YesSwaziland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Sweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesSwitzerland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoTajikistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No No

314






Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes Yes

Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoTogo Yes No No No No No — — —Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoTrinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — —Tunisia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially No NoTurkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoTurkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully No NoUganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes —United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesUnited Republic of Tanzania No — — — — No — — —United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesUruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoUzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoVanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoWest Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No NoYemen No — — — — Yes Not funded No NoZambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesZimbabwe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — —

315






Thailand Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes Yes

Timor-Leste Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoTogo Yes No No No No No — — —Tonga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoTrinidad and Tobago Yes Yes Yes Yes No No — — —Tunisia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Partially No NoTurkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoTurkmenistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully No NoUganda Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —United Arab Emirates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes —United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes YesUnited Republic of Tanzania No — — — — No — — —United States of America Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesUruguay Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoUzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially No NoVanuatu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No — — —Viet Nam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Yes NoWest Bank and Gaza Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not funded No NoYemen No — — — — Yes Not funded No NoZambia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fully Yes YesZimbabwe Yes No Yes Yes Yes No — — —

316

TABLE A10SAFER MOBILITY BY COUNTRY / AREA

Country/area Vehicles There are policies that Road audits Vehicle standardsNumber of registered vehicles

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Separate vulnerable road users from high

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On new roads On existing roads

Seat-belts Seat-belt anchorages

Frontal impact Side impact Electronic stability control

Pedestrian protection

Child seats

Afghanistan 655 357 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoAlbania 445 956 Yes Subnational Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoAlgeria 7 308 539 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoAndorra 76 394 Subnational Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAngola 581 530 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoAntigua and Barbuda 29 989 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoArgentina 23 120 241 Subnational Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes*** No**** No¹ No NoArmenia — No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoAustralia 17 180 596 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAustria 6 384 971 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAzerbaijan 1 135 936 No No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No NoBahamas 144 388 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBahrain 545 155 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBangladesh 2 088 566 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBarbados 112 118 Subnational Subnational National Yes No No No No No No No NoBelarus 3 900 442 No Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBelgium 6 993 767 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesBelize — Subnational No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBenin 34 914 No Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBhutan 68 173 Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No NoBolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 206 743 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBosnia and Herzegovina 881 200 Subnational No Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBotswana 520 793 Subnational No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No NoBrazil 81 600 729 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No YesBulgaria 3 502 771 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesBurkina Faso 1 545 903 No No No No Yes No No No No No No NoCabo Verde 56 690 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCambodia 2 457 569 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCameroon — No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCanada 22 366 270 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No YesCentral African Republic 37 475 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoChad 622 120 No No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoChile 4 263 084 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoChina 250 138 212 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No NoColombia 9 734 565 No Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCongo 110 438 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCook Islands 12 453 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoCosta Rica 1 759 341 Subnational No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCôte d'Ivoire 594 071 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCroatia 1 869 370 Subnational Subnational National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCuba 628 155 No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No NoCyprus 644 068 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCzech Republic 7 689 730 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDemocratic Republic of the Congo 350 000 No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No

Denmark 2 911 147 Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDjibouti — No No No No No No No No No No No NoDominica 24 620 No No No No No No No No No No No NoDominican Republic 3 215 773 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoEcuador 1 721 206 Yes Subnational National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

317


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Afghanistan 655 357 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoAlbania 445 956 Yes Subnational Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoAlgeria 7 308 539 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoAndorra 76 394 Subnational Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAngola 581 530 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoAntigua and Barbuda 29 989 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoArgentina 23 120 241 Subnational Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes*** No**** No¹ No NoArmenia — No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoAustralia 17 180 596 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAustria 6 384 971 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAzerbaijan 1 135 936 No No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No NoBahamas 144 388 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBahrain 545 155 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBangladesh 2 088 566 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBarbados 112 118 Subnational Subnational National Yes No No No No No No No NoBelarus 3 900 442 No Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBelgium 6 993 767 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesBelize — Subnational No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBenin 34 914 No Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBhutan 68 173 Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No NoBolivia (Plurinational State of) 1 206 743 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBosnia and Herzegovina 881 200 Subnational No Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoBotswana 520 793 Subnational No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No NoBrazil 81 600 729 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No YesBulgaria 3 502 771 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesBurkina Faso 1 545 903 No No No No Yes No No No No No No NoCabo Verde 56 690 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCambodia 2 457 569 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCameroon — No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCanada 22 366 270 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No YesCentral African Republic 37 475 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoChad 622 120 No No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoChile 4 263 084 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoChina 250 138 212 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No NoColombia 9 734 565 No Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCongo 110 438 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCook Islands 12 453 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoCosta Rica 1 759 341 Subnational No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCôte d'Ivoire 594 071 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoCroatia 1 869 370 Subnational Subnational National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCuba 628 155 No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No NoCyprus 644 068 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCzech Republic 7 689 730 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDemocratic Republic of the Congo 350 000 No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No

Denmark 2 911 147 Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDjibouti — No No No No No No No No No No No NoDominica 24 620 No No No No No No No No No No No NoDominican Republic 3 215 773 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoEcuador 1 721 206 Yes Subnational National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

318


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Egypt 7 037 954 No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesEl Salvador 817 972 No Subnational No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoEritrea 70 319a Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoEstonia 763 975 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesEthiopia 478 244b No Subnational Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoFiji 86 535 Subnational Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoFinland 5 862 216 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFrance 42 792 103 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGabon 195 000 No No No — — No No No No No No NoGambia 54 471c No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoGeorgia 951 649 Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoGermany 52 391 000 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGhana 1 532 080 No Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoGreece 8 035 423 Subnational Subnational National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGuatemala 2 562 925 Subnational Subnational Subnational No No No No No No No No NoGuinea 33 943 No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No NoGuinea-Bissau 62 239d No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoGuyana 15 694 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoHonduras 1 378 050 No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No No NoHungary 3 690 599 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIceland 245 949 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIndia 159 490 578 Yes Yes Subnational Yes No Yes Yes No* No* No No NoIndonesia 104 211 132 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoIran (Islamic Republic of) 26 866 457e Subnational Yes Subnational No Yes No No No No No No NoIraq 4 515 041 Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No NoIreland 2 482 557 Yes Subnational Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIsrael 2 850 513 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes** Yes** Yes** Yes** Yes** No YesItaly 51 269 218 Yes Subnational National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesJamaica 518 239 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoJapan 91 377 312f Yes Yes National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesJordan 1 263 754 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKazakhstan 3 926 487 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKenya 2 011 972 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKiribati 3 452 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKuwait 1 841 416 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKyrgyzstan 958 187 No No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoLao People's Democratic Republic 1 439 481 Subnational Subnational No Yes No No No No No No No No

Latvia 826 469 No No National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLebanon 1 680 011 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoLesotho 122 997 No No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No NoLiberia 1 085 075 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoLibya 3 553 497 No Yes — Yes — No No No No No No NoLithuania 1 984 496 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLuxembourg 431 245 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMadagascar 219 576 No No Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMalawi 437 416g No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoMalaysia 23 819 256 Subnational Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes YesMaldives 61 412 No Subnational No No No No No No No No No NoMali 289 828 No No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMalta 322 960 No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMarshall Islands 2 116 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMauritania 416 190 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMauritius 443 495 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No

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Egypt 7 037 954 No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesEl Salvador 817 972 No Subnational No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoEritrea 70 319a Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoEstonia 763 975 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesEthiopia 478 244b No Subnational Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoFiji 86 535 Subnational Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoFinland 5 862 216 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFrance 42 792 103 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGabon 195 000 No No No — — No No No No No No NoGambia 54 471c No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoGeorgia 951 649 Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoGermany 52 391 000 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGhana 1 532 080 No Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoGreece 8 035 423 Subnational Subnational National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGuatemala 2 562 925 Subnational Subnational Subnational No No No No No No No No NoGuinea 33 943 No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No NoGuinea-Bissau 62 239d No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoGuyana 15 694 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoHonduras 1 378 050 No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No No NoHungary 3 690 599 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIceland 245 949 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIndia 159 490 578 Yes Yes Subnational Yes No Yes Yes No* No* No No NoIndonesia 104 211 132 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoIran (Islamic Republic of) 26 866 457e Subnational Yes Subnational No Yes No No No No No No NoIraq 4 515 041 Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No NoIreland 2 482 557 Yes Subnational Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIsrael 2 850 513 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes** Yes** Yes** Yes** Yes** No YesItaly 51 269 218 Yes Subnational National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesJamaica 518 239 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoJapan 91 377 312f Yes Yes National No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesJordan 1 263 754 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKazakhstan 3 926 487 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKenya 2 011 972 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKiribati 3 452 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKuwait 1 841 416 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoKyrgyzstan 958 187 No No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoLao People's Democratic Republic 1 439 481 Subnational Subnational No Yes No No No No No No No No

Latvia 826 469 No No National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLebanon 1 680 011 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoLesotho 122 997 No No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No NoLiberia 1 085 075 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoLibya 3 553 497 No Yes — Yes — No No No No No No NoLithuania 1 984 496 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLuxembourg 431 245 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMadagascar 219 576 No No Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMalawi 437 416g No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoMalaysia 23 819 256 Subnational Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes YesMaldives 61 412 No Subnational No No No No No No No No No NoMali 289 828 No No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMalta 322 960 No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMarshall Islands 2 116 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMauritania 416 190 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMauritius 443 495 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No

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Mexico 35 005 913 Subnational Subnational No No Yes Yes No No No No No NoMicronesia (Federated States of) 8 337 No No No No No No No No No No No No

Monaco 41 055 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMongolia 675 064 Subnational Yes No Yes No No No No No No No NoMontenegro 201 229 Subnational Yes National No Yes No No No No No No NoMorocco 3 286 421 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMozambique 542 336 No No No No No No No No No No No NoMyanmar 4 310 112 No Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoNamibia 280 583 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoNepal 1 178 911 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoNetherlands 9 612 273 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNew Zealand 3 250 066 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes**** Yes YesNicaragua 566 731 Subnational Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoNiger 315 600 No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No NoNigeria 5 791 446 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoNorway 3 671 885 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesOman 1 082 996 Subnational Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoPakistan 9 080 437 No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No No NoPalau 7 102 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoPanama 1 004 669 No Yes — — — No No No No No No NoPapua New Guinea 94 297 No No No No No No No No No No No NoParaguay 1 227 469 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoPeru 4 264 114 Yes Subnational No No No No No No No No No NoPhilippines 7 690 038 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoPoland 24 875 717 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPortugal 6 056 856 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesQatar 647 878 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoRepublic of Korea 23 150 619 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRepublic of Moldova 706 785 Subnational Subnational National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoRomania 5 985 085 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRussian Federation 50 616 163 Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRwanda 107 411 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSaint Lucia 1 569 No No No No No No No No No No No NoSaint Vincent and the Grenadines 28 368 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No

Samoa 17 449 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSan Marino 54 606 Subnational No National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSao Tome and Principe — No No No No No No No No No No No NoSaudi Arabia 6 599 216 Subnational Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSenegal 401 910 No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No NoSerbia 2 130 035 No Yes National No No No No No No No No NoSeychelles 18 606 Subnational No Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSierra Leone 68 802 No Yes No No No No No No No No No NoSingapore 974 170 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSlovakia 2 622 939 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSlovenia 1 395 704 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSolomon Islands 45 000 No No No No No No No No No No No NoSomalia 59 457 No No No No No No No No No No No NoSouth Africa 9 909 923 No Yes National Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes YesSpain 32 616 105 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSri Lanka 5 203 678 No No No No No No No No No No No NoSudan 320 974 Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSuriname 207 161 No Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No No

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Mexico 35 005 913 Subnational Subnational No No Yes Yes No No No No No NoMicronesia (Federated States of) 8 337 No No No No No No No No No No No No

Monaco 41 055 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMongolia 675 064 Subnational Yes No Yes No No No No No No No NoMontenegro 201 229 Subnational Yes National No Yes No No No No No No NoMorocco 3 286 421 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoMozambique 542 336 No No No No No No No No No No No NoMyanmar 4 310 112 No Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoNamibia 280 583 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoNepal 1 178 911 No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoNetherlands 9 612 273 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNew Zealand 3 250 066 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes**** Yes YesNicaragua 566 731 Subnational Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoNiger 315 600 No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No NoNigeria 5 791 446 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoNorway 3 671 885 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesOman 1 082 996 Subnational Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoPakistan 9 080 437 No Subnational No Yes No No No No No No No NoPalau 7 102 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoPanama 1 004 669 No Yes — — — No No No No No No NoPapua New Guinea 94 297 No No No No No No No No No No No NoParaguay 1 227 469 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoPeru 4 264 114 Yes Subnational No No No No No No No No No NoPhilippines 7 690 038 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoPoland 24 875 717 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPortugal 6 056 856 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesQatar 647 878 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoRepublic of Korea 23 150 619 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRepublic of Moldova 706 785 Subnational Subnational National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoRomania 5 985 085 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRussian Federation 50 616 163 Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRwanda 107 411 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSaint Lucia 1 569 No No No No No No No No No No No NoSaint Vincent and the Grenadines 28 368 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No

Samoa 17 449 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSan Marino 54 606 Subnational No National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSao Tome and Principe — No No No No No No No No No No No NoSaudi Arabia 6 599 216 Subnational Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSenegal 401 910 No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No NoSerbia 2 130 035 No Yes National No No No No No No No No NoSeychelles 18 606 Subnational No Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSierra Leone 68 802 No Yes No No No No No No No No No NoSingapore 974 170 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSlovakia 2 622 939 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSlovenia 1 395 704 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSolomon Islands 45 000 No No No No No No No No No No No NoSomalia 59 457 No No No No No No No No No No No NoSouth Africa 9 909 923 No Yes National Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes YesSpain 32 616 105 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSri Lanka 5 203 678 No No No No No No No No No No No NoSudan 320 974 Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSuriname 207 161 No Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No No

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Swaziland 180 103 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSweden 5 755 952 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSwitzerland 5 693 642 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTajikistan 411 548 No Subnational No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoThailand 32 476 977 No Yes No No No No No No² No² No Yes NoThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 403 339 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No No

Timor-Leste 63 553h No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoTogo 58 111 No Yes Subnational No No No No No No No No NoTonga 8 154 Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoTrinidad and Tobago — No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoTunisia 1 735 339 No Yes No No No No No No No No No NoTurkey 17 939 447 Subnational Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTurkmenistan 847 874 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoUganda 1 228 425 Yes No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoUnited Arab Emirates 2 674 894 Subnational Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoUnited Kingdom 35 582 650 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesUnited Republic of Tanzania 1 509 786 No No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoUnited States of America 265 043 362 Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No YesUruguay 1 991 836 Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No YesUzbekistan — No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoVanuatu 14 000 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoViet Nam 40 790 841 Subnational Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoWest Bank and Gaza Strip 233 818 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoYemen 1 201 890 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoZambia 534 532 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoZimbabwe 927 129 No No National Yes No No No No No No No No

a Second quarter 2014.b Ethiopian calendar.c Data for 2005 to 2013.d Data for 2011 to 2014.e Iranian calendar.f Data as of April 2013. g Up to June 2014.h Data for 2006 to 2013.

* Regulation AIS-98 and 99 for Frontal Offset and Side Impact occupant protection not applied yet but commitment to introduce them for new models 1 Oct. 2017 and all existing cars by 1 Oct. 2019.

** Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars no requirements apart from ESC.*** Only for new models.**** For new models as from 2018.1 Mandatory as from July 2015.2 The regulation will be mandatory as from 2020.

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Swaziland 180 103 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoSweden 5 755 952 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSwitzerland 5 693 642 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTajikistan 411 548 No Subnational No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoThailand 32 476 977 No Yes No No No No No No² No² No Yes NoThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 403 339 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No No

Timor-Leste 63 553h No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoTogo 58 111 No Yes Subnational No No No No No No No No NoTonga 8 154 Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoTrinidad and Tobago — No No No Yes No No No No No No No NoTunisia 1 735 339 No Yes No No No No No No No No No NoTurkey 17 939 447 Subnational Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTurkmenistan 847 874 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoUganda 1 228 425 Yes No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoUnited Arab Emirates 2 674 894 Subnational Yes Subnational Yes Yes No No No No No No NoUnited Kingdom 35 582 650 Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesUnited Republic of Tanzania 1 509 786 No No National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoUnited States of America 265 043 362 Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No YesUruguay 1 991 836 Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No YesUzbekistan — No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoVanuatu 14 000 Yes Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoViet Nam 40 790 841 Subnational Yes National Yes Yes No No No No No No NoWest Bank and Gaza Strip 233 818 No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoYemen 1 201 890 No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoZambia 534 532 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No NoZimbabwe 927 129 No No National Yes No No No No No No No No

a Second quarter 2014.b Ethiopian calendar.c Data for 2005 to 2013.d Data for 2011 to 2014.e Iranian calendar.f Data as of April 2013. g Up to June 2014.h Data for 2006 to 2013.

* Regulation AIS-98 and 99 for Frontal Offset and Side Impact occupant protection not applied yet but commitment to introduce them for new models 1 Oct. 2017 and all existing cars by 1 Oct. 2019.

** Required for cars made under US regulations - for European cars no requirements apart from ESC.*** Only for new models.**** For new models as from 2018.1 Mandatory as from July 2015.2 The regulation will be mandatory as from 2020.

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