status of education and vocational education in india-1
TRANSCRIPT
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STATUS OF EDUCATION AND VOCATIONALSTATUS OF EDUCATION AND VOCATIONALEDUCATION IN INDIAEDUCATION IN INDIA
ASERFASERF
Apeejay Stya Education Research FoundationApeejay Stya Education Research Foundation
www.aserf.org.inwww.aserf.org.in
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Status of Education and Vocational Education in IndiaStatus of Education and Vocational Education in India
IndianIndian educationeducation systemsystem largestlargest inin CommonCommon wealthwealth countriescountries andand 22ndndlargestlargest inin thethe worldworld nextnext toto USAUSA..
TremendousTremendous GrowthGrowth sincesince Independence,Independence, butbut stillstill::
TheThe grossgross enrolmentenrolment ratioratio
ClassesClasses (I(I--V)V) ((66--1111 years)years) 109109..44%%
ClassesClasses (VI(VI--VIII)VIII) ((1111--1414 years)years) 7171..1515%%
ClassesClasses (I(I--VIII)VIII) ((66--1414 years)years) 9494..9292%%
ClassesClasses (IX(IX--X)X) ((1414--1616 years)years) 5252..2626%%ClassesClasses (XI(XI--XII)XII) ((1616--1818 years)years) 2828..5454%%
HigherHigher EducationEducation ((1818--2424 yrs)yrs) 1111..6161 %%
TheThe dropdrop outout raterate
ClassesClasses (I(I--V)V) ((66--1111 years)years) 2525..4747 %%
ClassesClasses (I(I--VIII)VIII) ((66--1414 years)years) 4848..7171 %%ClassesClasses (I(I--X)X) ((66--1616 years)years) 6161..5959 %%
TheseThese highhigh dropdrop outout ratesrates fromfrom bothboth primaryprimary andand secondarysecondary school,school, combinedcombined withwithlowlow enrolmentenrolment ratesrates atat thethe higherhigher levelslevels deprivedeprive tenstens ofof millionsmillions ofof childrenchildren ofof theirtheirfullfull rightsrights asas citizenscitizens..
Source:Source: Selected Educational statistics (Abstract) 2005Selected Educational statistics (Abstract) 2005--06, MHRD, Govt. of India06, MHRD, Govt. of IndiaContdContd
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OutOut ofof approxapprox.. 211211 millionmillion childrenchildren inin thethe ((66--1414 yrs)yrs) ageagegroupgroup -- 8484..9191 %% areare enrolledenrolled inin schoolsschools..
MoreMore thanthan 3535 millionmillion childrenchildren inin thethe ((66--1414)) ageage groupgroup areareoutout ofof schoolschool
NetNet primaryprimary schoolschool enrolment/attendanceenrolment/attendance isis onlyonly 7777%%
ByBy yearyear 20162016 therethere willwill bebe approxapprox.. 500500 millionmillion peoplepeople
withwith lessless thanthan fivefive yrsyrs ofof schoolingschooling
AnotherAnother 300300 millionmillion thatthat willwill notnot havehave completedcompleted highhighschoolschool.. TwoTwo thirdthird ofof thethe populationpopulation willwill lacklack minimumminimum levellevelofof educationeducation
Contd.Contd.
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MoreMore thanthan 5050 %% ofof thethe girlsgirls inin thethe countrycountry dodo notnot enrollenroll ininschoolsschools
OnlyOnly 4545..88 %% girlsgirls completecomplete educationeducation inin ruralrural areasareas asascomparedcompared toto 6666..33 %% boysboys.. InIn urbanurban areas,areas, 6666..33 %% girlsgirlscompletecomplete educationeducation asas opposedopposed toto 8080..33 %% boysboys
ChildrenChildren putput inin anan averageaverage ofof 2121 hourshours ofof labourlabour perperweek,week, atat thethe costcost ofof educationeducation
6060 millionmillion childrenchildren areare thoughtthought toto bebe childchild labourerslabourers
3535%% ofof ourour populationpopulation areare stillstill illiterateilliterate
SourceSource:: (Data(Data compiledcompiled fromfrom figuresfigures providedprovided byby CRY,CRY, NGONGO GlobalGlobal MarchMarch AgainstAgainst ChildChildLabour,Labour, andand UNICEF),UNICEF), (UNICEF(UNICEF--IndiaIndia--StatisticsStatistics ((20042004),), (Report(Report ofof thethe CommitteeCommittee onon
IndiaIndia VisionVision 20202020,, PlanningPlanning Commission,Commission, 20022002))
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VocationalVocational trainingtraining andand selfself--employmentemployment avenuesavenues
EveryEvery yearyear55..55 millionmillion studentsstudents passpass outout ofof ClassClass X,X, ofof whichwhich33..33 millionmillion gogo toto ClassClass XI,XI, leavingleaving 22..22 millionmillion outout ofof thetheeducationeducation streamstream..
ThoseThose whowho dropdrop outout afterafter ClassClass VIIIVIII areare approxapprox.. 2020--2121millionmillion..
UrgentUrgent attentionattention neededneeded forfor thisthis 2121 millionmillion--targettarget groupgroup..
AvailableAvailable formalformal trainingtraining capacitycapacity ofof thethe countrycountry -- onlyonly 22..33millionmillion studentsstudents..
ThisThis leavesleaves aa gapgap ofof1818..77 millionmillion.. TheThe ITIITI systemsystem needsneeds toto beberevampedrevamped toto fillfill upup thisthis gapgap..
ContdContd
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AmongAmong personspersons ofof ageage 1515 yearsyears andand aboveabove::
OnlyO
nly 22 %% hadhad a
nya
ny typetype ofof tech
nicaltech
nical degrees/degrees/ d
iplo
mas/d
iplo
mas/certificatescertificates..
TheThe proportionproportion waswas onlyonly 11%% inin thethe ruralrural areasareas andand 55 %% inin thetheurbanurban..
OnlyOnly 4040 %% ofof thethe 5555,,000000 instructorsinstructors havehave undergoneundergone aa fullfullinstructorinstructor--trainingtraining coursecourse (Urgent(Urgent needneed toto looklook intointo trainingtraining ofoftrainers)trainers) (Planning(Planning Commission)Commission)..
AboutAbout 9595%% ofof thethe worldworld youthyouth ((1515 -- 3535 yrs)yrs) ageage learnlearn anyany typetype ofofvocat
io
nvocat
io
n// sk
illsk
ill // trade,trade, w
ithw
ith aa cho
icecho
ice ofof 30003000
vocat
io
nal
vocat
io
nal strea
msstrea
ms..
InIn IndiaIndia wewe havehave identifiedidentified onlyonly aboutabout 170170 tradestrades andand onlyonly 22--33%%ofof thethe youthyouth ((1515--2929 yrs)yrs) goesgoes inin forfor formalformal vocationalvocational trainingtraining..
Contd.Contd.
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TheThe proportionproportion ofof personspersons ((1515--2929 yrs)yrs) whowho receivedreceived formalformalvocationalvocational trainingtraining waswas thethe highesthighest amongamong thethe unemployedunemployed..
33 %% forfor thethe employedemployed 1111%% forfor thethe unemployed,unemployed, andand
22%% forfor personspersons notnot inin thethe labourlabour forceforce
ChinaChina hashas nearlynearly 500500,,000000 seniorsenior higherhigher secondarysecondary vocationalvocational
schools,schools, whereaswhereas wewe haveha
ve aboutabout
5100
5100 ITIsITIs a
nda
nd 60006000 VETVETschoolsschools inin allall..
ToTo boostboost VocationalVocational EducationEducation andand SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment PrimePrimeMinisterMinisterinin hishis IndependenceIndependence DayDay addressaddress statedstated toto openopen
16001600 newnew ITIsITIs andand PolytechnicsPolytechnics 5050,,000000 newnew SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment Centers,Centers,
ItIt wouldwould enableenable 11 corecore studentsstudents toto getget VocationalVocational trainingtraining..
Contd.Contd.
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ComparedCompared toto manymany developeddeveloped countriescountries IndiaIndia isis farfar behindbehind inin
introducingintroducing newnew andand innovativeinnovative tradestrades inin VETVET toto attractattract youngyoung
childrenschildrens..
AboutAbout 55%% toto 77%% ofof ourour populationpopulation ((5050 toto 7070 million)million) everyevery yearyear
shouldshould bebe involvedinvolved inin vocationalvocational programmesprogrammes..
OfOf allall newnew employmentemployment generatedgenerated
11%% isis governmentgovernment jobs,jobs,
22%% areare inin thethe OrganisedOrganised sectorsector andand 9797%% inin thethe unorganizedunorganized sectorsector
CountriesCountries labourlabour forceforce inin ((2020--2424 yrs)yrs) ageage undergoneundergone formalformal
vocat
io
nal
vocat
io
nal tra
iningtra
ining
IndiaIndia -- 55 %%
MexicoMexico -- 2828 %%
MostMost industrialisedindustrialised nationsnations -- 6060 toto 8080 %%
KoreaKorea -- 9696 %%..Contd.Contd.
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Germany,Germany, Indonesia,Indonesia, Japan,Japan, Korea,Korea, IsraelIsrael andand ChinaChina havehavesupportedsupported vocationalvocational educationeducation atat thethe schoolschool levellevel onon aa
largelarge scalescale sincesince thethe decadedecade ofof 19701970ss..
AA strategystrategy toto achieveachieve fullfull employmentemployment mustmust includeinclude asas anan
importantimportant component,component, aa strategystrategy toto ensureensure thatthat allall newnew
entrantsentrants toto thethe workforceworkforce areare equippedequipped withwith thethe knowledgeknowledgeandand skillskill neededneeded forfor highhigh productivityproductivity andand highhigh qualityquality..
SourceSource:: DataData compiledcompiled fromfrom PlanningPlanning CommissionCommission Reports,Reports, NSSO,NSSO, TimesTimes ofof India,India, TheThe
EconomicEconomic TimesTimes
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Educated Unemployed (Disadvantage education)Educated Unemployed (Disadvantage education)
Unemployed in Rural Areas: 57%Unemployed in Rural Areas: 57%
UnemployedUnemployed in Urban Areas: 65%in Urban Areas: 65% TOTAL SKILLED labour force:TOTAL SKILLED labour force:
RURALRURAL -- only 8.3 %only 8.3 %
URBANURBAN -- 15.6 %15.6 %
Only 4
5mi
llio
ns ha
ve actually reg
istered w
ith e
mploy
me
ntO
nly 4
5mi
llio
ns ha
ve actually reg
istered w
ith e
mploy
me
ntexchangeexchange
Of all new employment generatedOf all new employment generated
Govt.Govt. 1%1%
Orgnised SectorOrgnised Sector 2%2%
Unorganised SectorUnorganised Sector 97%97%
The unemployment rate of India's graduates are stillThe unemployment rate of India's graduates are still17. 2% than the overall unemployment rate of 10.1%.17. 2% than the overall unemployment rate of 10.1%.(2.5million graduate every year)(2.5million graduate every year)
Source:Source: (Employment & Unemployment situation in India, Jan(Employment & Unemployment situation in India, Jan--June 2004, NSS, Govt. ofJune 2004, NSS, Govt. of
India, 2005);India, 2005); www.wakeupcall.orgwww.wakeupcall.org (i Watch); (Times of India, 22nd june 2005)(i Watch); (Times of India, 22nd june 2005)
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Future of Labour Ecosystem in IndiaFuture of Labour Ecosystem in India (based on TLSL report 2006)
TheThe potentialpotential workingworking ((2020--5959 yrsyrs )) ageage populationpopulation estimatedestimated inin 20202020-- overover 761761 millionmillion -- CurrentlyCurrently thisthis isis 567567 millionmillion..
TheThe govtgovt.. isis talkingtalking aboutabout creatingcreating 1010 millionmillion jobs jobs everyevery year,year,however,however, thethe requirementrequirement isis moremore thanthan 1515 millionmillion inin aa yearyear..
EvenEven ifif wewe findfind 100100 millionmillion newnew jobsjobs;; 170170 millionmillion willwill bebe outout ofof
em
ploym
ente
mploy
me
nt
inin20202020,, th
isth
is
is
is
nearly
nearly 3030%%..
UnemploymentUnemployment willwill bebe higherhigher amongamong SCSC // STST
OnlyOnly aroundaround 11..55 %% ofof personspersons agedaged 1515 yearsyears orormoremore inin ruralrural areasareasandand lessless thanthan 55 %% inin urbanurban areasareas hadhad technicaltechnical qualificationsqualifications ofofeveneven thethe mostmost rudimentaryrudimentary kindkind
TheThe biggestbiggest challengechallenge willwill bebe toto provideprovide formalformal educationeducation andandemploymentemployment toto thethe hugehuge workwork forceforce inin 20202020
SourceSource:: Team Lease Services Labour Report 2006 ((TheThe reportreport mainlymainly predictspredicts thethe futurefuture ofoflabourlabour ecosystemecosystem inin India,India, statestate wisewise.. ))
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ShortageShortage ofof skillskill inin VariousVarious SectorsSectors
TheThe projectedprojected growthgrowth ratesrates inin industryindustry andand servicesservices sectorssectorsareare expectedexpected toto generategenerate 6060 millionsmillions jobjob opportunitiesopportunities duringduring
20062006--1212 andand 156156 millionmillion duringduring 20062006--1616 SemiSemi--skilledskilled andand skilledskilled labourlabour:: The shortage of factory workers
and construction labourers is already being felt across industries..
EngineeringEngineering industryindustry is growing at a fast pace will be majorrequirement of skilled/talented manpowerin this sector
FoodFood industryindustryis fast-expanding, need professional food scientistsand technicians in great number.
MediaMedia andandEntertainmentEntertainment:: The demand for animation productionservices from India is growing. This has opened up innumerableopportunities for students of Design, Fine Arts and MassCommunication.
BiotechnologyBiotechnology sectorsector:: 80 % shortfall of doctorate and postdoctorate scientists.
FoodFood processing processing sectorsector:: 65 % shortfall of refrigerationm
echani
cs, electric
ia
ns etc. 70 % shortfall of food safety perso
nnelCondt..
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Additional 21 million new jobs in merchandisemerchandise tradetrade by 2009-10
ITIT andand BPOBPOsector could employ 9 million persons directly andindirectly by 2010
Raising the rate of growth ofmanufacturingmanufacturingto 12 % could create1.6 to 2.9 million direct jobs annually, and another 2-3 times thatnumberindirectly
RetailRetailSectorSector-- demand of3-5 lakh trained people in the northern
region alone by 2010. ThisThis sectorsector wouldwould throwthrow upup 22 millionmillionemploymentemployment byby 20102010..
LeatherLeather -- Based on increased targets for export and domesticdemand, it would generate 3 million additional jobs by 2022
CivilCivil AviationAviation -- Needs5400 p
ilots by the e
nd of the 11th pla
n.Thereafter, there would be requirement of at least 150 pilots per
year as replacements for retirements and normal attrition.
ConstructionConstruction sectorsector with a current employment o f over 30million is to witness boom by an annual growth rate of 30% in
infrastructure. It would translate large no. of jobs far short of theemployable skill available ContdContd..
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HealthHealth sectorsector:: Shortage of5 lakh doctors and 10 lakh Nurses.
ITIT sectorsector:: Shortage of5 lakhs (half a million) engineers.
EducationEducation sectorsector:: Faculty shortage of 25-40 percent..
AutomobilesAutomobiles:: employmentemployment expectedexpected toto increaseincrease toto 2525millionmillion byby 20152015--1616fromfrom currentcurrent 1010..55 million,million, majoritymajority inin thethe shopshop floorfloor ofof autoauto manufacturingmanufacturing
LogisticsLogistics:: willwill growgrow inin tandemtandem withwith growthgrowth inin trade,trade, aviationaviation andand tourismtourism
BankingBanking andand FinanceFinance sectorsector:: 50-80 percent personnel shortage..
AviationAviation sectorsector:: Severe shortage of pilots and ground duty officials..
TextileTextile sectorsector:: employ 35 million directly, besides 55 million i n its alliedsector. Expected to generate additional 14million jobs by 2012
PharmaPharma sectorsector:: Severe shortage of top pharma scientists as researchexpenditure by pharma companies has quadrupled in the last 5 years.
Thus thereis a shortage of
middle-le
vel a
nd ju
nior sc
ie
ntists too. Th
is hasmade salaries of top pharma scientists rise to US levels.
ProjectProject ManagementManagementServicesServices--this labourlabour intensiveintensive sectorsector willwill growgrow withwithgrowthgrowth inin corporatecorporate structure,structure, infrastructureinfrastructure && retailretail industryindustry
SourceSource:: DataData compiledcompiled fromfrom (FICCI(FICCI report,report, NewNew Delhi)Delhi);; (NASSCOM)(NASSCOM);; (NASSCOM(NASSCOM McKinseyMcKinseyReportReport 20062006));; (Press(Press Release,Release, MinistryMinistry ofof ComCom.. && IndInd.. AprilApril 77,, 20062006));; (Presentation(Presentation mademade byby
NMCCNMCC toto NationalNational AdvisoryAdvisory Council,Council, FebruaryFebruary 1818,, 20062006)) (IL&FS,(IL&FS, 20082008))
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Indias tremendous potentialIndias tremendous potential--Demographic DividendDemographic Dividend
WorkingWorking ageage populationpopulation toto comprisecomprise overover 6363 %% ofof thethe aggregateaggregate byby
20162016..
IndiaIndia onlyonly largelarge economyeconomy withwith decliningdeclining ageage dependencydependency ratiosratios tilltill 20302030..
IndiasIndias totaltotal populationpopulation inin yearyear 20042004:: 11,,080080 million,million, ((672672 millionmillion peoplepeople ininthethe ageage--groupgroup 1515 toto 6464 yearsyears "working"working ageage population)population)..
AA thirdthird ofof IndiasIndias populationpopulation belowbelow 1515 yearsyears ofof ageage andand 2020 %% ofof thethepopulationpopulation inin thethe 1515--2424 ageage groupsgroups..
ProjectionsProjections indicateindicate thethe emergenceemergence ofof aa youngyoung IndianIndian willwill 800800 millionmillion ininthethe productiveproductive ageage groupgroup byby 20152015;; thethe comparablecomparable nono.. ofof ChinaChina isis 600600mm
InIn 20202020,, thethe averageaverage IndianIndian willwill bebe onlyonly 2929 yearsyears old,old, comparedcompared withwith thetheaverageaverage ageage ofof 3737 yearsyears inin ChinaChina andand thethe US,US, 4545 inin westwest EuropeEurope andand 4848inin JapanJapan..
Source: (National(National PopulationPopulation PolicyPolicy 20002000 ));; (BRICS(BRICS reportreport ofof GoldmanGoldman SachsSachs ),), NSSONSSO reportreport
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TheThe challengeschallenges areare immenseimmense andand inin orderorder totoachieveachieve thethe goalsgoals therethere hashas toto bebe substantialsubstantial
expansionexpansion ofof qualityquality technical/technical/ vocationalvocationaleducationeducation andand trainingtraining forfor raisingraisingemployabilityemployability andand productivityproductivity..
TheThe skillsskills providedprovided havehave toto bebe attunedattuned toto::
NewNew businessbusiness requirementsrequirements;;
ImprovingImproving qualityquality ofof educationeducation andand trainingstrainings atatallall levelslevels;; andand
MakeMake technical/technical/ vocationalvocational educationeducation systemsystemmoremore flexibleflexible andand inclusiveinclusive forfor sustainablesustainablegrowthgrowth..
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Appropriate strategies to be adoptedAppropriate strategies to be adopted
Expand and upgrade vocational education andtraining
Expand and upgrade higher technical education
Promote research in educational institutions;
and
Redesign the educational pattern at the school
level to facilitate skill development.
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GovernmentGovernment havehave toto redefineredefine itsits rolerole inin::
refor
min
greformin
g an
dan
d stren
gthenin
gstren
gthenin
gv
ocati
on
alv
ocati
on
al educati
on
educati
on
andand trainingtraining
clearclear policypolicy forfor facilitatingfacilitating capacitycapacity expansionexpansion throughthroughprivateprivate sectorsector participationparticipation..
makemake investmentinvestment inin vocationalvocational trainingtraining institutesinstitutesbankablebankable
promotepromote industryindustry andand academiaacademia interactioninteraction toto narrownarrowthethe existingexisting gapgap betweenbetween thethe demanddemand andand supplysupply ofof
thethe skilledskilled manpowermanpower
ItIt isis veryvery importantimportant atat thisthis stagestage toto havehave differentdifferentproblemproblem specificspecific policypolicy becausebecause oneone policypolicy isis notnotgoinggoing toto fitfit inin..
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Challenges to be addressedChallenges to be addressed
DisconnectDisconnect betweenbetween skillsskills providedprovided andand skillsskills requiredrequired byby thetheindustryindustry
RevisionRevision ofof coursecourse curriculacurricula lagslags behindbehind thethe needneed ofof thethe industryindustry
OutOut--dateddated machinery/machinery/ toolstools andand technologytechnology
SkillSkill demanddemand ofof Services/Services/ UnorganizedUnorganized SectorSector areare largelylargely unmetunmet
UnsatisfactoryUnsatisfactory employabilityemployability ofof traineestrainees becausebecause ofof poorpoor qualityqualityofof trainingtraining
ShortageShortage ofof trainedtrained instructorsinstructors andand lowlow instructorinstructor trainingtrainingcapacitycapacity inin thethe countrycountry
LowLow prestigeprestige attachedattached toto vocationalvocational trainingtraining
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RecommendationsRecommendations
NeedNeed forfor creationcreation ofof largelarge scalescale skillskill developmentdevelopment
opportunitiesopportunities andand infrastructureinfrastructure
toto meetmeet thethe demanddemand ofof skilledskilled workwork forceforce byby thethe
industryindustry andand serviceservice sectorsector
toto keepkeep thethe economyeconomy growing,growing,
toto facilitatefacilitate employabilityemployability ofof thethe rapidlyrapidly growinggrowing workwork
forceforce
IntegrationIntegration ofof vocationalvocational educationeducation atat thethe schoolschool
levellevel
toto impartimpart thethe basicbasic technicaltechnical skillsskills toto aa largelarge numbernumberofofnewnew entrantsentrants toto thethe labourlabour forceforce
SpecialSpecial reorientationreorientation forfor thethe schoolschool dropdrop--outsouts
throughthrough professionalprofessional careercareer counselingcounseling
widespreadwidespread useuse ofof ICTICT inin skillskill trainingtraining
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SkillSkill MappingMapping
ToTo identifyidentify preciseprecise skillskill requirementrequirement forfor thethe growthgrowth ofof
industryindustry--readyready manpowermanpower
FlexibilityFlexibility
AcademicsAcademics shouldshould bebe moremore flexibleflexible andand interinter--disciplinarydisciplinary..
VerticalVertical asas wellwell asas horizontalhorizontal mobilitymobility betweenbetweendifferentdifferent streamstream ofof education,education, andand
whilewhile VEVE andand VTVT areare beingbeing dealtdealt withwith separately,separately, itit isis
essentialessential thatthat bothboth formform partpart ofof aa continuumcontinuum andand aacommoncommon frameworkframework..
BuildBuild SpecificSpecific enterpriseenterprise skillsskills intointo allall VETVETprogrammesprogrammes
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PrivatePrivate SectorSectorParticipationParticipation (PPP(PPP model)model)
ParticipationParticipation ofof privateprivate sectorsector toto bebe encouragedencouraged atat thethe
ITIITI levelle
vel ofof sk
illsk
ill de
velop
me
ntde
velop
me
nt &&
vocat
io
nal
vocat
io
nal educat
io
neducat
io
n
andand trainingtraining..
DevelopDevelop qualityquality ITIsITIs andand PolytechnicsPolytechnics withwith skillskilldevelopmentdevelopment coursescourses inin associationassociation withwith industryindustry totorunrun thesethese
InstitutionalizeInstitutionalize andand establishestablish coordinationcoordination betweenbetweenthethe privateprivate sectorsector andand thethe governmentgovernment toto runruninstitutionsinstitutions forfor skillskill developmentdevelopment..
PolytechnicsPolytechnics shouldshould alsoalso bebe givengiven '' ManagementManagementquota'quota'..
ParticipationParticipation ofof industryindustry inin operatingoperating ITIsITIs andandtechnicaltechnical institutesinstitutes bebe encouragedencouraged andand aa schemescheme ofofincentivesincentives inin termsterms ofof ITIT taxtax rebate,rebate, etcetc.. bebeconsideredconsidered..
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SingleSingle windowwindow approachapproach forfor privateprivate players,players,
createcreate anan enablingenabling environmentenvironment forfor privateprivate sectorsector toto
comecome forwardforward andand investinvest inin ITIsITIs andand PolytechnicsPolytechnics..
CorporateCorporate modelmodel bebe allowedallowed inin educationeducation sectorsector toto
attractattract investmentinvestment..
RulesRules && regulationsregulations cancan bebe appropriatelyappropriately framedframed byby thetheGovernmentGovernment forfor regulationregulation..
IndependentIndependent AutonomousAutonomous RegulatingRegulating AgencyAgency..
InformalInformal trainingtraining forfor shortshort durationduration atat affordableaffordable feesfees
structurestructure
expansionexpansion ofof nonnon--formalformal programmes,programmes, basedbased onon
demand,demand, cancan bridgebridge thethe gapgap betweenbetween demanddemand andand
supplysupply ofof skilledskilled manpowermanpower..
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FundingFunding andand BankBank LoansLoans
BankBank LoanLoan forfor selfself employmentemployment toto studentsstudents takingtaking
informalinformal trainingtraining includingincluding ITIITI coursescourses..
LiberalLiberal loansloans forfor settingsetting upup IndustrialIndustrial TrainingTraining CentersCenters
andand VocationalVocational TrainingTraining InstitutesInstitutes..
WellWell--designeddesigned loansloans (A(A genuinegenuine loan)loan) withwith IncomeIncome--contingentcontingent repayments,repayments, forfor efficiencyefficiency reasonsreasons toto reducereduce
uncertaintyuncertainty andand forfor equityequity reasonsreasons toto promotepromote access,access,
sincesince loansloans willwill havehave builtbuilt--inin insuranceinsurance againstagainst inabilityinability
toto repayrepay..
LoansLoans enoughenough toto covercover allall feesfees including,including, livingliving costscosts;;
TheThe interestinterest raterate toto bebe atat governmentsgovernments costcost ofof longlong
termterm borrowingborrowing..
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SpecialSpecial StrategyStrategy toto bebe plannedplanned forfor remoteremote areasareas
CourseCourse andand CurriculumCurriculum developmentdevelopment::
CurriculaCurricula toto bebe revisedrevised periodicallyperiodically..
flexibleflexible approachapproach inin developingdeveloping coursescourses andand curriculumcurriculum..
Curriculu
mCurr
iculu
mbebe de
velopedde
veloped basedbased ofof thethe lear
ninglear
ning outco
meoutco
meratherrather thanthan onon prescribedprescribed rigidrigid formatformat
AddAdd On'On'specializedspecialized vocationalvocational coursescourses toto bebe offeredoffered atatUniversityUniversity && HigherHigher InstitutionInstitution levellevel..
AddAdd--onon andand industryindustry orientedoriented coursescourses bebe providedprovided forformeetingmeeting thethe demanddemand inin industryindustry..
ModularModular systemsystem ofof VETVET bebe facilitatedfacilitated atat differentdifferent levellevelgivinggiving duedue weightageweightage toto experienceexperience inin industryindustry andandprofessionsprofessions..
Contd.Contd.
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HandsHands onon experienceexperience bebe dulyduly rewardedrewarded throughthrough thisthis
processprocess..
AA centralcentral agencyagency bebe createdcreated forfor refiningrefining coursescourses..
ForFor valuevalue addition,addition, 33--66 monthsmonths coursescourses inin banking,banking,
insurance,insurance, IT,IT, finance,finance, etcetc.. cancan bebe offeredoffered whichwhich cancanthenthen bebe outsourcedoutsourced toto companiescompanies andand banksbanks..
ModificationModification ofof thethe apprenticeshipapprenticeship TrainingTraining systemsystem withwith
focusfocus onon impartingimparting incrementalincremental skillsskills throughthrough shortshort
durationduration coursescourses suchsuch asas carpentry,carpentry, plumbing,plumbing,masonry,masonry, tiletile makers,makers, painters,painters, electricianselectricians etcetc..
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MoreMore andand moremore marketmarket orientedoriented popularpopular TradesTrades
IncreaseIncrease inin thethe numbernumber ofof tradestrades inin ITIsITIs.. DropDrop unpopularunpopular tradestrades andand introduceintroduce thosethose withwith newnew
areasareas ofof concernconcern keepingkeeping inin viewview thethe demanddemand ofof thethe
IndustryIndustry
OptimumOptimum utilizationutilization ofof availableavailable resourcesresources
InfrastructureInfrastructure availableavailable inin PolytechnicsPolytechnics andand engineeringengineering
collegescolleges bebe utilizedutilized optimallyoptimally byby followingfollowing anan integratedintegrated
modelmodel ofof skillskill buildingbuilding programmesprogrammes inin thesethese collegescolleges..
CollaborativeCollaborative efforteffort toto utilizeutilize thethe existingexisting infrastructureinfrastructure
willwill maximizemaximize thethe resourcesresources availableavailable
IncreaseIncrease thethe capacitycapacity byby runningrunning twotwo // threethree shiftsshifts
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Certification and Standard:Certification and Standard:
AnAn appropriateappropriate certificatecertificate systemsystem shouldshould bebe institutedinstituted
byby thethe CentralCe
ntral a
nda
nd statestate go
ver
nme
ntsgo
ver
nme
nts alo
ngalo
ng w
ithw
ithindustryindustry forfor certifyingcertifying thethe skillsskills ofof traineestrainees
CertificationCertification toto bebe linkedlinked withwith trainingtraining
EncourageEncourage TestingTesting ofof thethe skillsskills ofof traineestrainees byby
independentindependent assessingassessing bodiesbodies ProficiencyProficiency testtest inin variousvarious tradestrades byby independentindependent bodybody..
SkillsSkills toto bebe quantifiedquantified inin termsterms ofof gradesgrades oror creditscredits
SeparateSeparate agencyage
ncy forfor cert
ificat
io
ncert
ificat
io
n ii..ee.. NationalNationalVocationalVocational QualificationQualification (NVQ)(NVQ) asas inin AustraliaAustralia wherewhere
workersworkers onon thethe jobjob floorfloor cancan bebe testedtested andand certifiedcertified..
IndependentIndependent CertificationCertification:: CertificationCertification jointlyjointly withwith thetheGovernmentGovernment institutioninstitution andand certifiedcertified bodiesbodies oror IndustryIndustry
certificationcertification wouldwould carrycarry maximummaximum weightageweightage..
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AutonomousAutonomous IndependentIndependent AccreditationAccreditation agenciesagencies
TheThe bodybody shouldshould includeinclude representationrepresentation ofof thethe majormajor
stakeholdersstakeholders.. TheyThey couldcould havehave regionalregional officesoffices asas wellwell..
AccreditationAccreditation agenciesagencies shouldshould bebe accountableaccountable
forfor providingproviding timelytimely accreditationaccreditation
forfor ensuringensuring qualityquality training,training, adequateadequate faculty,faculty, updatedupdatedcurriculumcurriculum
availabilityavailability ofof desireddesired trainingtraining infrastructure,infrastructure, andand
resourcesresources inin thethe accreditedaccredited institutesinstitutes..
ForFor thethe desirabilitydesirability ofof selectselect tradetrade specificspecific independentindependentaccreditationaccreditation bodiesbodies couldcould alsoalso bebe examinedexamined..
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FacultyFaculty TrainingTraining withwith IndustryIndustry ParticipationParticipation
TrainingTraining ofof teachersteachers inin upcomingupcoming tradestrades andand technologiestechnologies
FacultyFaculty trainingtraining throughthrough variousvarious fellowshipfellowship programmesprogrammes
IndustryIndustry exposureexposure toto FacultyFaculty toto matchmatch thethe emergingemerging needsneedsofof thethe economyeconomy..
FlexibleFlexible teachingteaching andand CrossCross movementmovement ofof FacultyFaculty toto
industryindustry andand industryindustry personnelpersonnel toto institutioninstitution toto enhanceenhancequalityquality ofof teachingteaching learninglearning processprocess..
ActiveActive participationparticipation ofof industryindustry inin trainingtraining programmesprogrammesconductedconducted inin ITIsITIs andand technicaltechnical institutionsinstitutions..
EncourageE
ncourage e
mploy
me
nte
mploy
me
nt ofof ret
iredret
ired tra
inedtra
ined
ma
npower
ma
npower fro
mfro
m
thethe defensedefense forces,forces, employemploy skilledskilled workersworkers fromfrom thetheindustryindustry andand alsoalso retiredretired instructorsinstructors
AA numbernumber ofof autonomousautonomous bodiesbodies cancan setset upup facultyfacultytrainingtraining institutionsinstitutions toto provideprovide upup toto datedate trainingtraining..
AtAt leastleast 1515 daysdays trainingtraining everyevery yearyear shouldshould bebe mandatorymandatory..
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DevelopmentDevelopment ofof TrainingTraining materialsmaterials
DevelopDevelop properproper teachingteaching learninglearning materialmaterial forfor VETVET
keepingkeeping inin viewview thethe requirementsrequirements ofof differentdifferent tradestrades
ReRe--organizeorganize practicalpractical sessionssessions inin differentdifferent tradestrades forfor
whichwhich latestlatest equipmentequipment toto thethe traineestrainees bebe givengiven prioritypriority..
PracticalPractical trainingtraining (hands(hands--onon training)training) onon thethe shopshop floorfloor
ProjectProject workwork toto bebe mandatorymandatory inin industryindustry beforebefore thethe
awardaward ofof ITIITI certificate,cert
ificate, d
iplo
mad
iplo
ma oror degreedegree
VocationalVocational educationeducation toto bebe moremore computercomputer aidedaided andand
computerizedcomputerized programmesprogrammes shouldshould bebe partpart ofof thethe
curriculumcurriculum..
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CreatingCreating AwarenessAwareness
ThereThereis
is lacklack ofof aware
nessaware
ness aboutabout typetype ofof courses,courses,trades,trades, institutionsinstitutions andand opportunitiesopportunities inin casecase ofof VETVET..
createcreate awarenessawareness andand provideprovide allall possiblepossible informationinformation inin
variousvarious fieldsfields throughthrough variousvarious meansmeans..
CreateCreate certaincertain keykey location/centerslocation/centers wherewhere allall suchsuch typetypeofofinformationsinformations areare providedprovided..
SuchSuch centercenter shouldshould actact
asas repositoryrepository ofofinformationinformation
aa testingtesting centercenter
wherewhere somesome ofof thethe coursescourses maymay eveneven bebe conductedconducted
provideprovide allall informationinformation regardingregarding courses,courses, locationlocation
an
dan
d certi
fi
cati
on
certi
fi
cati
on
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ReRe--brandingbranding VocationalVocational EducationEducation andand TrainingTraining:: ChangingChanging thethe namename ofof ITIsITIs // ITCsITCs toto SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment
CollegesColleges
SensitizationSensitization andand PublicityPublicity campaigncampaign toto changechange thethemindmind setset
RealizationRealization thatthat SkillSkill DevelopmentDevelopment CollegeCollege couldcouldprovideprovide muchmuch betterbetter careercareer prospectsprospects thanthan goinggoing toto aageneralgeneral educationeducation streamstream..
ProvideProvide optionoption forfor HigherHigher EducationEducation:: provideprovide mobilitymobility fromfrom VETVET toto higherhigher educationeducation andand
vicevice versa,versa,
EligibilityEligibility forfor entryentry intointo polytechnicspolytechnics andand plusplus twotwolevellevel ofof engineeringengineering coursescourses..
CreditCredit forfor thethe numbernumber ofof yearsyears anan ITIITI studentstudentunderwentunderwent trainingtraining forfor admissionadmission toto aa collegecollege oror aauniversityuniversity..
UniversitiesUniversities toto setset upup skillskill developmentdevelopment centrescentres withwith aagoodgood degreedegree ofof autonomyautonomy toto reviverevive thethe brandbrand ofof
VocationalVocational educationeducation andand trainingtraining
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AutonomyAutonomy
Auton
om
ousAuton
om
ous StateState levelle
vel Sk
illSk
ill De
velop
me
ntDe
velop
me
ntCorporationCorporation
PromotePromote IndependentIndependent AutonomousAutonomous accreditationaccreditation
agenciesagencies ofof reputerepute
AutonomyAutonomy bebe givengiven toto institutionsinstitutions for for decidingdeciding
syllabus,syllabus, coursecourse contentcontent etcetc.. asas thethe currentcurrent systemsystem ofof
approvalapproval fromfrom variousvarious regulatoryregulatory bodiesbodies isis extremelyextremely
timetime consumingconsuming..