status of ignition experiments on the nif · clear progress on the road to ignition challenges...
TRANSCRIPT
LLNL-PRES-667243
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC
Status of Ignition Experiments
on the NIF
NIF/JLF Users Group Meeting
Livermore, CA
February 11th, 2015
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory N141014
1.2x
1.5x
2x
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10x
110608
110615 110620
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111103
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120131120205
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131219
140120
140225
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140311
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140520
140707
140722
140819
140926
141008
141016
Fuel rR (g/cm2)
Neu
tro
n Y
ield
10 kJ
1 kJ
0.27
0.40
0.54
0.68
0.82
0.92
GLC
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
1014
1015
1016
CH LF
CH HF
HDC 2SH VAC
HDC 3SH GASHigh foot
Low foot (NIC)
We are developing a promising path forward with low
mix, high velocity implosions and improving symmetry
control to reach toward higher yields
HDC NVH
Adiabat shaped
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
*rR = Areal density
50 million degrees
100 g/cc
Hot spot
Ignition requires compression to high pressures and
temperatures in short time scales to self-heat
22
33.
~stagstag
DTignition
P
const
P
TRE
r
10/9
3
5/2~imp
ablstag
vpP
Heating from fusion > Cooling from conduction & x-ray losses
Stagnation pressure depends on
how the hot spot was assembled:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
On the NIF, we use a laser driven hohlraum to implode
the capsule attempting to create conditions needed for
ignition
Laser "Pulse-shape"
Ablator
Gold
hohlraum
wall
Helium gas
Laser entrance hole (LEH)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Hohlraum dynamics are complicated, and diagnosing
plasma conditions is an area of active, ongoing
research
• Backscatter losses ~ 15% (~200kJ)
• Capsule drive is over-predicted~ 200kJ
drive degradation required for 2D HYDRA
simulations to match experiment
• Suprathermal electron generation (0.5 - 2 kJ)
• Poor late-time inner beam propagation
requires high inner beam power to achieve
implosion symmetry
• Require cross-beam energy transfer (CBET)
to control implosion symmetry leads to
time-dependent asymmetries
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Plastic Ignition Capsule
~2 mm diameter
195 µm
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
X-ray picture of capsule taken down axis of
the hohlraum just before a shot
2mm diameter
capsule
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
The challenge
— near spherical implosion by ~35X
195 µm
DT shot N120716
Bang Time
(less than diameter
of human hair)
~2 mm diameter
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
The capsule must be designed to withstand
hydrodynamic instabilities
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
High Foot Campaign increased the power in the start of
the laser drive to reduce hydrodynamic instabilities
experimentally confirmed
Raman, Peterson, Smalyuk, Robey
Rippled target
X-ray snapshots
Lo-Foot vs Hi-Foot Growth factor at 650 µm
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 40 80 120 160 200
Op
tical
Dep
th G
row
th F
acto
r
Mode Number
Simulation Low foot
650 µm
High
foot
Hydro-growth
radiography (HGR)
target
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1 O. Hurricane et al, Nature 506, 343–348 (20 February 2014)
NIF Shot Identifier
2011 2014 2012 2013
High Foot1 experiments represent a seed change in
performance – exhibiting significant alpha heating
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Controlling instability with High Foot pulses lets us probe other
parameters and obtain a 'derivative' in a complex parameter space
0
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9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
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30
110
60
81
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9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
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01
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01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
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40
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11
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01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
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01
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70
71
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81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
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82
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11
40
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01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
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11
40
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11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
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40
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70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
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70
71
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81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
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71
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9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
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81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
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Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
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10
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40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
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81
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41
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11
40
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11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
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11
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81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
110
60
81
10
61
51
10
62
01
10
82
61
10
90
41
10
90
81
10
91
41
11
10
31
11
11
21
11
21
51
20
12
61
20
13
11
20
20
51
20
21
31
20
21
91
20
31
11
20
31
61
20
32
11
20
40
51
20
41
21
20
41
71
20
42
21
20
62
61
20
71
61
20
72
01
20
80
21
20
80
81
20
92
01
30
33
11
30
50
11
30
53
01
30
71
01
30
80
21
30
81
21
30
92
71
31
11
91
31
21
91
40
12
01
40
22
51
40
30
41
40
31
11
40
51
11
40
52
01
40
70
71
40
81
9
Fu
sio
n Y
ield
(kJ
)
Yield from fuel compression
Yield from self heating
Energy delivered to fuel
Coast/No-coast Increasing Energy AuDU hohlraums Thinner ablators
Repeat?
@ 350 TW
DU higher drive Thinner AuDU Full Quench
165 μ
m
175 μ
m
195 μ
m
165 μ
m
175 μ
m
in D
U
in D
U
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Ignition requires:
Improved implosion symmetry
Increased implosion velocity
Increased hot spot compression
Clear progress on the road to ignition challenges
still remain
c Energy for ignition ~ c 2)
DT yield vs ignition parameter c
~ 100 X EDT (start of experiments)
~ 10 X EDT (end of NIC, 2012)
~ 3 X EDT (today, High Foot)
Erequired
Ignition (G>1)
Alpha-heating
High Foot has
demonstrated
improved control
over high-mode
instabilities
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Ignition requires:
Improved implosion symmetry
Increased implosion velocity
Increased hot spot compression
Clear progress on the road to ignition challenges
still remain
c Energy for ignition ~ c 2)
DT yield vs ignition parameter c
~ 100 X EDT (start of experiments)
~ 10 X EDT (end of NIC, 2012)
~ 3 X EDT (today, High Foot)
Erequired
Ignition (G>1)
Alpha-heating
Low mode
asymmetry control
still needs to be
improved
10/9
3
5/2~imp
ablstag
vpP
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Rugby hohlraums are currently under investigation to
address implosion symmetry challenges
2/12/2015
Smooth beam coverage along hohlraum wall
Outers
Outers
50o
44o
He fill with 1.75% Ne Atomic
Uses Standard TMP
cylinder rugby
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Ignition requires:
Improved implosion symmetry
Increased implosion velocity
Increased hot spot compression
Clear progress on the road to ignition challenges
still remain
c Energy for ignition ~ c 2)
DT yield vs ignition parameter c
~ 100 X EDT (start of experiments)
~ 10 X EDT (end of NIC, 2012)
~ 3 X EDT (today, High Foot)
Erequired
Ignition (G>1)
Alpha-heating
10/9
3
5/2~imp
ablstag
vpP
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Near-vacuum (low He gas-fill) hohlraums have reduced
laser-plasma interactions and improved hohlraum efficiency
Same laser energy
leads to a higher
temperature to drive
the capsule
inte
rnal
rad
iati
on
tem
pera
ture
(eV
) 250
ΔTr > 20 eV
Increased drive temperatures
time (ns)
Reduced backscatter
Near-vacuum hohlraums have also measured a 100x reduction in suprathermal
electron generation
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Ignition requires:
Improved implosion symmetry
Increased implosion velocity
Increased hot spot compression
(reduced entropy/adiabat)
Clear progress on the road to ignition challenges
still remain
c Energy for ignition ~ c 2)
DT yield vs ignition parameter c
~ 100 X EDT (start of experiments)
~ 10 X EDT (end of NIC, 2012)
~ 3 X EDT (today, High Foot)
Erequired
Ignition (G>1)
Alpha-heating
10/9
3
5/2~imp
ablstag
vpP
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Directed pulse shaping (“adiabat shaping”) is predicted
to decrease adiabat (increase compression, rR) while
preserving favorable stability
We have begun exploring this concept through a series of focused experiments and
recently, integrated DT layered implosions tests
Predicted ablation front growth factors
100 300 200
500
Ab
lati
on
Fro
nt
Gro
wth
Fa
cto
r
1000
0
0
High
foot
Low foot
Mode Number
Hybrid
Hohlraum internal temperature
20 15
100
200
300
10 5 0 0
time (ns)
TR (
eV
)
High foot Low foot Hybrid
α ~ 2.5
α ~ 1.8
α ~ 1.4
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
We are also exploring alternate ablator materials –
Different benefits and different challenges
Si-doped CH
(1.1 g/cc)
W-doped HDC
(3.5 g/cc)
Cu-doped Be
(1.85 g/cc)
Be, ρ=1.85 g/cm3
DT 0.3 mg/cm3 DT 0.3 mg/cm3 DT 0.3 mg/cm3
DT ice
69 μm
0.255 g/cm3
DT ice
55 μm
0.255 g/cm3 DT ice
69 μm
0.255 g/cm3
0
100
200
300
400
0 10 20Las
er
po
we
r (T
W)
Time (ns)
0
100
200
300
400
0 10 20Las
er
po
we
r (T
W)
Time (ns)
0
100
200
300
400
0 10 20Las
er
po
we
r (T
W)
Time (ns)
• Long pulse
• Low r, lower absorbed E
• Easily doped, fab’d
• Short pulse
• Ablator EOS?
• Obtaining dopant level?
• Intermediate pulse
• Ablator microstructure?
• X-ray preheat?
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
200 µm
α > 10
α > 4 α ~ 2.7
4.5 ns pulse, 5x convergence
6 ns pulse,
12x convergence
8 ns pulse,
30x converg.
radiation temperature
time (ns)
inte
rnal
rad
iati
on
te
mp
era
ture
(eV
)
α > 10
α > 4
α ~ 2.7
ignition design
Implosions in near-vacuum hohlraums have been extended from
short pulse, low convergence ignition-relevant, high convergence
The high density of diamond (HDC) ablators may enable
using near-vacuum hohlraums to reach significant alpha
heating
Symmetry control is an ongoing challenge
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Viewfactors
(2/3 hohlraum)
Diagnose wall
motion and drive
spectrum
Exciting progress on hohlraum and capsule performance
depends on NIF’s unique and expanding suite of
diagnostics
Hohlraum plasma
conditions
Dot Spectroscopy Time resolved spectrometer (NXS)
Measure internal plasma
temperature
gas-fill NVH
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Capsule
implosion
Exciting progress on hohlraum and capsule performance
depends on NIF’s unique and expanding suite of
diagnostics
45-nm tent
Divots Ring
Native surface
roughness (“Ultimate”
HGR) hydro instability
measurements
DIXI (Dilation X-ray
Imager) fast resolution
(~10 ps) of burning
core
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory N141014
1.2x
1.5x
2x
3x
5x
10x
110608
110615 110620
110826
110904
110908 110914
111103
111112
111215
120126
120131120205
120213
120219
120311
120316
120321
120405
120412
120417
120422
120626
120716
120720
120802
120808
120920
130331
130501
130530
130710
130802
130812
130927
131119
131212
131219
140120
140225
140304
140311
140511
140520
140707
140722
140819
140926
141008
141016
Fuel rR (g/cm2)
Neu
tro
n Y
ield
10 kJ
1 kJ
0.27
0.40
0.54
0.68
0.82
0.92
GLC
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
1014
1015
1016
CH LF
CH HF
HDC 2SH VAC
HDC 3SH GASHigh foot
Low foot (NIC)
We are developing a promising path forward with low
mix, high velocity implosions and improving symmetry
control to reach toward higher yields
HDC NVH
Adiabat shaped
