STATUS OF STATUS OF INDIA-BASED NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY (INO)INDIA-BASED NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY (INO)

Naba K MondalNaba K Mondal Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchTata Institute of Fundamental Research

Mumbai, IndiaMumbai, India

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Physics using atmospheric neutrinos during Phase IPhysics using atmospheric neutrinos during Phase I

• Reconfirm atmospheric neutrino oscillationReconfirm atmospheric neutrino oscillation• Improved measurement of oscillation parametersImproved measurement of oscillation parameters• Search for potential matter effect in neutrino oscillationSearch for potential matter effect in neutrino oscillation• Determining the sign of Determining the sign of mm22

2323 using matter effect using matter effect• Measuring deviation from maximal mixing for Measuring deviation from maximal mixing for 2323

• Discrimination between Discrimination between and and ss oscillation oscillation• Probing CP and CPT violationProbing CP and CPT violation• Constraining long range leptonic forcesConstraining long range leptonic forces• Ultra high energy neutrinos and muonsUltra high energy neutrinos and muons

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Physics with Neutrino beam from NUFACT – Physics with Neutrino beam from NUFACT – Phase IIPhase II

• Determination of Determination of

• Sign of Sign of mm222323

• Probing CP violation in leptonic sectorProbing CP violation in leptonic sector

• Matter effect in Matter effect in oscillationoscillation

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Disappearance of Vs. L/EDisappearance of Vs. L/E

The disappearance probability The disappearance probability can be measured with a single can be measured with a single detector and two equal sources:detector and two equal sources:

= P( ; L/E) N N upup(L/E)(L/E)

N N downdown(L(L’’/E)/E)= 1 - sin= 1 - sin22 (2 (2) sin) sin22 (1.27 (1.27 mm22 L/E) L/E)

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Confirmation of Oscillation of Atmospheric NeutrinosConfirmation of Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos

The first oscillation dip should be clearly visibleThe first oscillation dip should be clearly visible

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Current knowledge on masses and mixingCurrent knowledge on masses and mixing

ParameterParameter Best fitBest fit 33mm22

21 21 ( 10( 10-5 -5 eVeV22)) 7.97.9 7.1-8.97.1-8.9

mm2232 32 ( 10( 10-3 -3 eVeV22)) 2.22.2 1.4-3.31.4-3.3

sinsin221212 0.310.31 0.24-0.400.24-0.40

sinsin222323 0.500.50 0.34-0.680.34-0.68

sinsin221313 <0.046<0.046

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Precision measurement ofPrecision measurement of mm223131 and and 2323

ExperimentExperiment ||mm223131|| SinSin22

CurrentCurrent 30%30% 34%34%

MINOS + CNGSMINOS + CNGS 13%13% 38%38%

T2K (5 yrs)T2K (5 yrs) 6%6% 22%22%

NONOA (5 yrs)A (5 yrs) 13%13% 42%42%

CombinedCombined 4.5%4.5% 20%20%

SK20 (1.84 MTy)SK20 (1.84 MTy) 17%17% 24%24%

INO ( 250 KTy)INO ( 250 KTy) 10%10% 30%30%

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Normal or Inverted ?Normal or Inverted ?

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Matter EffectMatter Effect

)(),(cos

),(cos

cos22

ELEPdEd

dLEP

dEd

dddEMNN e

z

e

zzYn

)/27.1(sin2sinsin)( 312

132

232 ELP mm

emat

)/27.1(sin2sinsin)( 312

132

232 ELP e

vac

Total no. of Total no. of charge current events: charge current events:

Neglecting Neglecting 2121

Where

31311313 /2sin2sin mm

)()/(1076.0

)2sin()2cos(4

21331

2133131

GeVEccgmA

Am

For positive resonance occurs When and E are such thatcos213 condition is satisfied

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3max

2tan

1018.5

eL

R. Gandhi et al PRL 94, 051801, 2005

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Atmospheric Neutrino EventsAtmospheric Neutrino Events

• Can be used to study mass hierarchy• Can be used to study maximality and octant of 23

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Pe

For negative 31 no resonenceoccurs for neutrinos, but it occurs for anti-neutrinos

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Matter Effect ContdMatter Effect Contd

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Matter Effect & Sign ofMatter Effect & Sign of from event ratefrom event rate

+

-

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2323 maximality and Octant ambiguity maximality and Octant ambiguity

Sin2 (false) can be excluded at 3If Sin2 (true) <0.421 or >0.573 forSin2 = 0.04

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CPT ViolationCPT Violation

L

b

ELP

24sin2sin1)( 3222

bLE

LPPPCPT sin

2sin2sin 322

The expression for survival probability for the case of CPTV 2-flavour oscillations The expression for survival probability for the case of CPTV 2-flavour oscillations

andand

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INO Detector ConceptINO Detector Concept

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Construction of RPCConstruction of RPC

Pickup stripsPickup strips

Two 2 mm thick float GlassTwo 2 mm thick float GlassSeparated by 2 mm spacerSeparated by 2 mm spacer2 mm thick spacer2 mm thick spacer

Glass platesGlass plates

Resistive coating on the outer surfaces of glassResistive coating on the outer surfaces of glass

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The MagnetThe Magnet

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Performance in Avalanche modePerformance in Avalanche mode

Efficiency plots of RPCs in Avalanche modeEfficiency plots of RPCs in Avalanche mode Noise Rates of RPCs operating in Avalanche modeNoise Rates of RPCs operating in Avalanche mode

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Long term stability of RPCsLong term stability of RPCs

90

92

94

96

98

100

9/30/2005 0:00 10/20/2005 0:00 11/9/2005 0:00 11/29/2005 0:00 12/19/2005 0:00 1/8/2006 0:00 1/28/2006 0:00 2/17/2006 0:00 3/9/2006 0:00

Date time

0

5000

10000

15000

9/30/2005 0:00 10/20/2005 0:00 11/9/2005 0:00 11/29/2005 0:00 12/19/2005 0:00 1/8/2006 0:00 1/28/2006 0:00 2/17/2006 0:00 3/9/2006 0:00

Date time

No

ise

ra

te (

Hz

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

9/30/2005 0:00 10/20/2005 0:00 11/9/2005 0:00 11/29/2005 0:00 12/19/2005 0:00 1/8/2006 0:00 1/28/2006 0:00 2/17/2006 0:00 3/9/2006 0:00

Date time

Cu

rren

t

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Cosmic Muon TestCosmic Muon Test

Stack of 10 RPCs

Gas unit

Telescope

DAQ

• Streamer mode (R134a=62%,Streamer mode (R134a=62%, Argon=30% and the rest Iso-Butane)Argon=30% and the rest Iso-Butane)

• Recording hits, timing, noise rates etcRecording hits, timing, noise rates etc

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Some interesting events trackedSome interesting events tracked

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Scheme of INO prototype detectorScheme of INO prototype detector

• 12, 1m12, 1m22 RPC layers RPC layers• 6cm thick magnetised iron plates6cm thick magnetised iron plates• About 1000 readout channelsAbout 1000 readout channels• RPC and scintillation paddle RPC and scintillation paddle

triggerstriggers• Hit and timing informationHit and timing information

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Location of the Underground LaboratoryLocation of the Underground Laboratory• Studies were performed on two potential sites.Studies were performed on two potential sites.

– Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro Electric Project (PUSHEP) at Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro Electric Project (PUSHEP) at Masinagudi, TamilnaduMasinagudi, Tamilnadu

– Rammam Hydro Electric Project Site at Darjeeling District in West Rammam Hydro Electric Project Site at Darjeeling District in West BengalBengal

• INO Site Selection Committee after thorough evaluation have now INO Site Selection Committee after thorough evaluation have now recommended PUSHEP at Tamilnadu as the preferred site for the recommended PUSHEP at Tamilnadu as the preferred site for the underground lab.underground lab.

25Location of INOLocation of INO

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PUSHEPPUSHEP

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Underground CavernUnderground Cavern

Layout of the Underground CavernLayout of the Underground Cavern

Size of the experimental hallSize of the experimental hall150 m X 22 m X 30 m150 m X 22 m X 30 m

Access tunnel

Experimental Hall

Parking & Storage

Electronics

Experimental Hall

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SummarySummary

• A large magnetised detector of 50-100 Kton is needed to achieve some A large magnetised detector of 50-100 Kton is needed to achieve some of the very exciting physics goals using atmospheric neutrinos.of the very exciting physics goals using atmospheric neutrinos.

• A case for such a detector was highlighted earlier by the Monolith A case for such a detector was highlighted earlier by the Monolith Collaboration.Collaboration.

• Physics case for such a detector is strong as evident from recent Physics case for such a detector is strong as evident from recent publications.publications.

• It will complement the existing and planned water cherenkov It will complement the existing and planned water cherenkov detectors.detectors.

• Can be used as a far detector during neutrino factory era.Can be used as a far detector during neutrino factory era.

• We have started a very active R & D work towards building such a We have started a very active R & D work towards building such a detector.detector.

• Looking for participation from international neutrino community.Looking for participation from international neutrino community.

For more information on INO please visit the websiteFor more information on INO please visit the website

www.imsc.res.in/~inowww.imsc.res.in/~ino

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU