status of international standardization on co transportation

Status of International Standardizationon CO2Transportation

ISO 27913 / TC 265 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage – Pipeline transportation systems

Content

2

• History

• Status

• CO2 – Specific Main Issues- Boundaries to Capture and Storage

- Fracture arrest

- Corrosion

- Non-discriminatory transportation

History of ISO TC 265

2011 June:

• Foundation of the ISO Technical Committee (TC) 265 for Carbon dioxide

capture, transportation, and geological storage in Paris:

• WG 1 Capture

• WG 2 Transportation

• WG 3 Storage

• WG 4 Quantification and Verification

• WG 5 Cross-Cutting Issues

3

History of ISO TC 265

Today:• WG 1 Capture

• WG 2 Transportation

• WG 3 Storage

• WG 4 Quantification and Verification

• WG 5 Cross-Cutting Issues

• WG 6 Enhanced Oil Recovery

4

WG6EOR-Issues

Since 2014

ISO/TC 265 Members

5

Secretariat

(Canada, China)

Participating

countries (20)

Observing

Countries (8)

ISO

TC

265

WG 2: Members of Working Group CO2 Transportation

6

Participating

Countries

WG 2 -

Transportation

Observing

Countries

ISO

TC

265

Total members: 50

WG 2 Meetings History

7

2013

ISO/TC 265/WG2

1st: 2013-06 Bonn, Germany, DVGW:• Collect CCS-know-how

• Discuss available standards and needs for CO2

• Develop strategy

• Take DNV RP-J202 as a starting basis

• Distribute work to experts around the world to derive a first Working Draft (WD): active participants in orange

• Define Responsible Persons for WD Revision:

• Australia: Michael Malavazos

• Canada: Brian Rothwell

• Germany: Sven Anders, Claudia Werner

• Norway: Jock Brown

• UK: Andy Brown


8

2014

ISO/TC 265/WG2

2nd :2014-02 London, UK, BSI:• Work on Working Draft

• Main topics: Fracture arrest assurance, corrosion, CO2-composition

3rd: 2014-04 Berlin, Germany, DIN:• Finalize Working Draft (WD)

• China and USA joined WG2 meeting

• Distribute Working Draft (WD) for comments inside WG2

4th: 2014-08 Gelsenkirchen, Germany, E.ON:• Discussion and solution of comments on WD

• Prepare to submit Committee Draft (CD) for comments in September


9

2015

ISO/TC 265/WG2

5th: 2015-01 Birmingham, USA, ANSI:• Discussion and solution of 427 comments on Committee Draft (CD)

• Provision of Draft International Standard (DIS) (ISO/DIS 27913 CO2-Transportation) in March 2015 for DIS Ballot

(until October 2015)

6th: 2015-12 Kjeller near Oslo,

Norway, IFE:• Discussion and solution of 216 comments

on DIS

• Provision of ISO 27913

5th WG 2 meetingPreparation of DIS

ISO Standards Development

• NP New Work Item Proposal

• WD Working Draft

• CD Committee Draft

• DIS Draft International Standard

• FDIS Final DIS

• ISO ISO Standard

NP

(Proposal)

WD

(Preparatory)

CD

(Committee)

DIS

(Enquiry)

FDIS

(Approval)

ISO

(Publication)

• WG members

(Consensus)

ISO / CS

Yes/no

• WG experts consensus;

• and

• 2/3 maj. P-Members votes

• 2/3 P-Members votes

• Less than 1/4 total negat. votes

• WG experts consensus

• and

• 2/3 P-Members votes

• Less than 1/4 total negative votes

Worldwide participation at all stages of development

11

Distribution

of chapters

to all

participating

members

WD draft &

preparation

of WD for

comments of

WG2

All WG 2 members

are invited to

contribute to draft

Resolution of

comments by WG2 &

preparation of CD by all

actively participating

members of WG2

WD

WG2

Participants

WG2

WD

CD

Participants

WD

Com-

ments

of WG2

on draft

Comments

by all ISO

members

on CD

draft

O-members

WG 1-6

…

ISO members

TC265CD

…

Timeline

12

FDIS ready (optional)

April 2016

Publication

Oct 2016

DIS ready

April 2015CD Ballot

Dec 2014

WD2

Apr 2014

WD1

Jan 2014

Feb 20142nd WG2 meeting

Apr 20143rd WG2 meeting

DIS Ballot up to

Oct 2015

Aug 20144th WG2 meeting

Jan 20155th WG2 meeting

CD

Oct 2014

Month O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

Stage Working DraftsCD

CommentsDIS Ballot

DIS Comments

Resolution(FDIS)

2013

CD Ballot

Year 2014 2015 2016

WD0

Sep 2013

Meetings:

Dec 20156th WG2 meeting

June 20131st WG2 meeting

ISO/DIS 27913 P-Members voting = 100% agreement!

Content of the Standard ISO 27913

13

Basis for ISO 27913 Pipeline transportation systems

This new ISO 27913 contains additional CO2 specific requirements and recommendations not covered in existing pipeline standards.

14

Existing pipeline standards, e.g.:

• ISO 13623• EN 1594• AS 2885• …

+

CO2 – Specific Main Issues

15

Fracture arrest

Corrosion Non-discriminatory transportation

Boundaries to Capture and Storage

Power

plant

Steel

produc

tion

Cement

mill

Capture

Tra

nsp

ort

ati

on

Storage

?

?

Capture Transportation Storage


CCS System boundaries 1

16


Transportation/Storage Boundary:

“The boundary between transportation

and storage is the point where the CO2

stream leaves the transportation pipeline

infrastructure and enters the storage

infrastructure.”

Capture/Transportation Boundary:

“The system boundary between capture

and transportation is the point at the

inlet valve of the pipeline, where the

composition, temperature, and pressure

of the CO2 stream is within a certain

specified range by the capture process

or processes to meet the requirements

for transportation as described in this

International Standard.”

Source: ISO/DIS 27913

Definition of CO2 Transport Boundaries

17

captured e.g. from EOR

captured e.g. from power plant, industry, …

Capture Storage

Onshore

storage

site

ISO 19253 (Storage System)Onshore pipeline

Offshore

storage

site

beachvalve subseavalve

Onshore/offshore pipeline

Landfall open water / sea

Third party transport

system

ISO 19274 (Transport System)

source

ISO 19273 (Capture)

Iso

latin

gco

up

lin

g

sink

battery

limit

risevalve

battery

limit

Boundary for ISO 27913 – CO2-transport

1

3

19 18

4

5 14

13

12

3

6

7,911

10

8,916 17

2

New

Key 1 capture e.g. from power plant, industry, … , see

ISO/AWI TR 27912 (capture) 2 isolating joint 3 boundary limit 4 source 5 ISO/AWI 27913 (transportation system inside) 6 ISO/AWI 27914 (storage system) 7 Onshore storage site 8 Offshore storage site 9 ISO/AWI 27916 (EOR)

10 Riser 11 Subsea valve 12 Beach valve 13 Onshore/offshore pipeline 14 Onshore pipeline 15 Valve 16 Landfall 17 Open water/sea 18 Third party transport system 19 Export to other uses than 7, 8 and 9 20 Intermediate compression or pumping 21 Isolation joint

Figure 1 — Schematic illustration of the system boundaries of ISO 27913

other source of CO2

source of CO2, from

6

(Inside transport scope)(out of transport scope)

20

15


Fracture Arrest

19

Thermodynamic properties: Pure CO2

20

Density

Temperature

Pre

ssu

re

phase

boundary

solid liquid

gaseous

critical point

Differences CO2 versus natural gas

-10°C 60°C

100 bar

0 bar

gaseous

dense phase

CO2

Critical point

� Phase behavior

(three different phases,

depended on purity)

� Liquid and dense phase may

result in hydraulic shocks

� Fracture propagation / arrest

� …

23

Fractuer propagation is a NO!-GO!

• Ductile / brittle fracture →

crack

• Joule-Thomson effect

promotes embrittlement

• CO2 decompression

behaviour promotes crack

propagation

Countermeasures:

• Use of special steels

• Increased wall thickness

• Fiberglass-reinforced plastic

cuffs (fracture arrestors)

fracture

propagation

fracture

arrest

24

23

Wall thickness against internal pressure

TminDP: Minimum wall thickness against internal pressure [mm]

DP: Design Pressure [bar]DN: Nominal Diameter [mm]f0: Load factor [-]Rt0.5: Specified minimum yield

strength [N/mm²]

0

10

20

30

40

50

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wa

ll t

hic

kn

ess

[m

m]

DN [mm]


0

10

20

30

40

50

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wa

ll t

hic

kn

ess

[m

m]

DN [mm]

24



strength [N/mm²]

0

10

20

30

40

50

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wa

ll t

hic

kn

ess

[m

m]

DN [mm]

not feasible


Limit weight of the pipes

25

42*

* The number 42 is, in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, "The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything"



strength [N/mm²]

0

10

20

30

40

50

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wa

ll t

hic

kn

ess

[m

m]

DN [mm]

not feasible

26

Wall thickness against internal pressure and hydraulic shock

ΔpJou: Change in pressure [bar]ρ: Density [bar]a: Wave propagation

velocity [m/s]Δ v: Change in velocity [m/s]Limit

weight of the pipes

0

10

20

30

40

50

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wa

ll t

hic

kn

ess

[m

m]

DN [mm]

not feasible

27

Wall thickness for crack-arrest

-10°C 60°C

100 bar

0 bar

Critical

point

72 bar


Parameters: Steel X 70, Cv > 100 J

Driving pressure at critical point

Modified Battelle-Two-Curve

28

0

10

20

30

40

50

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wa

ll t

hic

kn

ess

[m

m]

DN [mm]

not feasible

29

Wall thickness for crack-arrest

-10°C 60°C

100 bar

0 bar

Critical

point

72 bar


Parameters: Steel X 70, Cv > 100 J

Driving pressure at critical point

1,2

Calculation of wall thickness

Tmin: Minimum wall thicknessTminDP: Minimum wall thickness against internal pressureinternal pressureinternal pressureinternal pressureTminHS: Minimum wall thickness against hydraulic shockhydraulic shockhydraulic shockhydraulic shockTminCA: Minimum wall thickness to assure crackcrackcrackcrack----arrest arrest arrest arrest

(which is a function of CO(which is a function of CO(which is a function of CO(which is a function of CO2222 stream composition)stream composition)stream composition)stream composition)

30

Internal pressure (100 bar)

Internal pressure (100 bar) + hydraulic shock





Crack-arrest

0

10

20

30

40

50

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wa

ll t

hic

kn

ess

[m

m]

DN [mm]

not feasible

Minimum wall thickness


31

Thermodynamic properties: CO2 stream with impurities

• The CO2 composition determines the required wall thickness, what has to be considered in the design phase or limits the operational window.

• Impurities have impact on thermodynamic properties of a CO2 stream which cannot be predicted out of the properties of pure CO2

• Impurities can effect corrosive or generate chemical reactions

• Further properties of a CO2 stream, like viscosity can change

32

-10°C 60°C

100 bar

0 bar

72 bar

Phase boundary for CO2 stream

Phase boundary for pure CO2

Criticalpoint

Saturation pressure

0

10

20

30

40

50

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wa

ll t

hic

kn

ess

[m

m]

DN [mm]

not feasible

More wall thickness for crack-arrest for CO2 streams with impurities

33

-10°C 60°C

100 bar

0 bar

Critical

point

72 bar

Phase boundary for CO2 stream

Phase boundary for pure CO2

Saturation pressure

Wall thickness for CO2 stream

Wall thickness for pure CO2

Pure CO2, CO2-streams with impurities

Pure CO2, CO2 streams with impurities have significant consequences on design, construction and operation, e.g.:

Design:

• internal pressure, hydraulic shock and fracture arrest

Construction:

• pipeline bending, pipeline welding

Operation:

• operational envelope

All that has consequences to:

• Fracture arrest design

• Corrosion protection

• Operational window

• Avoidance of two phase flow

34

Mixture of different CO2 streams

35

Power plant

Steel

production

Cement mill

Capture

Tra

nsp

ort

ati

on

Storage

?

?

In case of mixing of different CO2

streams in a pipeline network, it must

be assured that the mixture of the

individual compounds from the

different CO2 streams do not cause:

• Risk of corrosion

• Undesired cross chemical

reactions /effects

Grid access and implications for design and operation

36

Power plant

Steel

production

Cement mill

Capture

Tra

nsp

ort

ati

on

Storage

?

?

Grid access for everybody possible if the specification of the CO2-stream is within the operational envelope

Internal corrosion

• CO2 pipelines should be designed for corrosion to

be within design margins under normal operational

conditions.

• For upset conditions a corrosion management plan

shall be developed as part of the design. Its scope

shall include a plan to recover from failure of the

control. Failures can occur upstream of or within

the pipeline system.

• For additional information see

Annex C – Internal corrosion (informative)

C.1 Measures to minimise internal corrosion

C.2 Impact of impurities on internal corrosion

C.3 Internal corrosion control

37

Current status and publication date of Standard

38

FDIS ready (optional)

April 2016

Publication

Oct 2016

Month O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

Stage Working DraftsCD

CommentsDIS Ballot

DIS Comments

Resolution(FDIS)

2013

CD Ballot

Year 2014 2015 2016

Dec 20156th WG2 meeting

Dec 20152nd CCS Forum

Athens

Main Issues

39

Fracture arrest

Corrosion Non-discriminatory transportation

Boundaries to Capture and Storage

Power

plant

Steel

produc

tion

Cement

mill

Capture

Tra

nsp

ort

ati

on

Storage

?

?


(state of the art)

(state of the art)

Summary

• Efficient collaboration on international basis

• Active international participation in the standard development assures broad

agreement

• Standard ISO 27913 gives a good framework for design, construction and

operation of CO2 pipelines

• The CO2 Standard is a valuable supplement to existing Standards for Natural

Gas

• This ISO describes the state of the art – but state of the art will develop in

future

40

Acknowledgement

• Convenor expressed his appreciation

to for financing the work in 2012 – 2014 and

to for financing the work in 2015

• Secretary expressed her appreciation

to for financing the work in 2012 – 2015

41

Contact:

Dr. Achim HilgenstockHoonkesweg 36D-46286 DorstenTel +49 2866 17 127

Fax +49 2866 17 125

Mob +49 173 64 88 123

[email protected]

www.hilgenstock-consulting.de

Thank you for your attention

Back up

43

Dr.-Ing. Achim Hilgenstock

Education• Mechanical Engineering Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany and

Texas A&M University, USA

• Doctoral thesis DLR – Göttingen, University Karlsruhe, Germany

Professional Experience

• 2015 - Consultant Dr. Hilgenstock Consulting

• 2012 - Convenor for ISO/TC 265/WG 2 CO2 Transportation

• 2012 - Convenor of DVGW expert group CCS

• 2012 - Convenor and national representative of the DVGW/DIN mirror group for CO2 transport

• 2012 – 2014 Head of Gas Technology and Trading Support E.ON SE

• 2010 – 2012 Vice President Technical Cooperation E.ON Ruhrgas AG

• 2007 - 2010 Head of Pipeline Projects E.ON Ruhrgas AG

• 1999 - 2007 Project Manager Pipeline Projects Ruhrgas AG

• 1996 - 1999 Head of Department Numerical Simulation Ruhrgas AG

• 1992 - 1996 Head of Division Industrial Gas Application Ruhrgas AG

• 1986 - 1992 Research Assistant Theoretical Fluid Dynamics DLR44

Standardization activities for CCS

45

DVGW DIN CEN ISO

DVGW TK-CCSNew C-Standard for CO2

E.g.:• C463• C260 • …

Participation in TC 265 WG 2

TC 265 –Mirror committee

working group (NA 119-01-04 AA) since 2012 for national standardization:• CO2-Capture• CO2-Transportation• CO2-Storage• Quantification and

Verification • Cross-Cutting Issues

Participation in TC 265 WG 2

TC 265

• WG 1 Capture• WG 2 Transportation• WG 3 Storage• WG 4 Quantification

and Verification• WG 5 Cross-Cutting

Issues• (WG 6 EOR-Issues)

Only observing,

no own activity

NationalStandardization

European Standardization

InternationalStandardization

TB5

TB6

Folie 45

TB5 Auf Deutsch: Übergreifende und Querschnittsaufgaben. Soll ich das so übersetzen?Baumeister; 25.10.2015

TB6 Siehe obiger Kommentar: Bilanzierung und VerifizierungBaumeister; 25.10.2015

status of international standardization on co transportation

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