status of lakes in hyderabad

5/24/2018 Status of Lakes in Hyderabad

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Status of lakesin Hyderabad

Presented By:

Nisha Kumari,

Environment Management, (Session-2013-14)

Indian Institute of Science (IISc.), Bangalore


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Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Institute

Content

Introduction (Objective of the project, Methodology, Study Area)

Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance

Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad

Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad

Effect Of Lake Degradation

Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad Legal Framework To Save Lakes

Major Initiatives Towards Lake Conservation In Hyderabad

Case Studies

Way Forward

Acknowledgements


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Introduction

The Hyderabad city, founded in 1591 on the banks of river Musi

Geographical location of Hyderabad is 17.366N Latitude and 78.476E Longi

The city is situated at an attitude of 536 meters (1607 ft.) above sea level.

The city lies in the Deccan Plateau, houses multiple lakes and large water tan

Since the twin city (Secunderabad and Hyderabad) were built on a rocky terrapotential for using groundwater is limited.

The cities are dependent on surface water (lakes)

But from last few decades, the water bodies are shrinking and disappearing.

Their revival is an indispensable component for providing water security to th


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The objective of the project is to study status of lakes inHyderabad

Sub Objectives of the project is to find out: Historical, socio-economical and ecological importance of lakes in Hyderabad

Present Status of Lakes in Hyderabad

Problems faced by lakes in Hyderabad Effect of Lake Degradation in Hyderabad

Strategies for Protection of lakes in Hyderabad

Legal framework to save lakes

Initiatives towards protection and revival of Water Bodies of Hyderabad

Introduction Objective of the project


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SECONDARY RESEARCH

Secondary data was collected from various websites and existing literatures.

Some of the sources referred HMDA website (http://www.hmda.gov.in/)

Soul website (http://www.soulhyd.org/).

Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation

SaciWaters

Centre for Science and Environment India Ministry of Environment & Forests

National and local news papers

PRIMARY RESEARCH

Qualitative data were collected through interaction with experts.

Introduction Research Methodology
http://www.soulhyd.org/http://www.soulhyd.org/


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Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA)jurisdi

Area 7,257 sq. km.

Hyderabadthe capital city of Andhra Pradesh is one of the fastest grcosmopolitan metropolitan cities in India.

Considering area of the city, it is disproportionately larger than any ur

Centre in the state. With an increase in service sector base, in the city, there is a consequen

increase in the population. Hyderabad recorded rapid population growtlast few decades.

It is ranked as sixth largest and one of the fastest growing metropolitaof India.

Introduction Study Area


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Area of

jurisdiction

GHMC (Inside OuterRing Road)

HUDA 1

HMDA (Area including

outside Ring Road)7

HYDERABAD- ADMINISTRATIVE AREA

Source: https://reader003.{domain}/reader003/html5/0302/5a994c441b4a3/5a994c509b6cb.jpg

S f


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Gross District Domestic Product(GDDP) growth trend- AP Population Growth Trend in G

Introduction Rapid urbanisation, industrialisand population growth in Hyder

1.80

2.55

3.06

3.64

6.81

41.80%

20.20%

18.90%

87.20%

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

Yr. 1971 Yr. 1981 Yr. 1991 Yr. 2001 Yr. 201

Population Growth-GHMC

Population (Mn.) Growth in %

1,69,3282,05,239

2,50,169

3,00,384

3,55,368

4,22,541

-

50,000

1,00,0001,50,000

2,00,000

2,50,000

3,00,000

3,50,000

4,00,000

4,50,000

GDDP Growth- AP

GDDP (Rs. In Mn.) Linear (GDDP (Rs. In Mn.))

Sourcs:http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/STATE%20ECONOMY.pdf Source:http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/hyder

population.html

Di i P j S f L k i H d b d I di I i


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Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importanc

Historical importance

Socio-Economic Importance

Ecological Importance

Di t ti P j t St t f L k i H d b d I di I tit t


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Many big tanks were built by the rulers to meet the water and irrigation the city

Many big tanks were built by the Qutub Shahi rulers (1534-1724 A.D.) and laAsaf Jahi rulers (1724-1948) in and around Hyderabad city.

Some of the big tanks built during those periods are Hussain Sagar, Mir AlamSagar, Jalpalli, Ma-Sehaba Tank, Talab Katta, Osmansagar and Himayatsag

(Rekha Rani, 1999).

Most of the big tanks were constructed by the former rulers or ministers wherminor tanks were built by zamindars.

Importance ofLakes Historical Importance

Di t ti P j t St t f L k i H d b d I di I tit t


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Importance ofLakes Historical Importance

Some of the famous lakes

built during Qutub Shahi

rulers (1534-1724 A.D.)

Hussain Sagar

Was built in 1562 by Sultan Ibrahim Kutb Shah

Most famous and historic lake

First drinking water source for the two cities

A major spot of tourist attractions.

MaSaheba tank (Presently

known as Masab Tank) Built in 1624 A.D. to meet water requirements of t

public

Saroornagar Lake is

known to have been built

in 1624

Built in 1624 with an area of about 5 sq. kms. in th

part of the city.

It is the main water body in the eastern sector of t

Some of the famous lakes

built during Asaf Jahi

rulers (1724-1948)

The Mir Alam tank,

Constructed in 1806, by French engineers during t

Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah Asif Jah III, the

Nizam of Hyderabad state

Supplying plenty of water to the city and the subu

Osman Sagar lake-

constructed in 1920

It was created in 1920 by damming the Musi Rive

It was built to provide water for the twin cities as

save them from floods.

The lake was named after the last Nizram of Hyde

Osman Ali Khan, who also had it built



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Source of drinking water

Sustain traditional urban livelihoods

Source of revenue for state through eco-tourism and water based RecrCentres.

Improve aesthetics of the city and offer scope for nature study

Importance ofLakes Socio-Economic Importance



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Lakes play a very vital role in local hydrology. Some of the ecological imporlakes are as follows:

Lakes contribute significant recharge of ground water and rainwater conserv

Lakes of Hyderabad hold good recreation values and are nesting grounds for the mbirds that pass by Hyderabad every winter.

Lakes are great repository of biodiversity including flora and fauna

Support aquatic life

Regulates and enhance micro-climatic conditions, Keeps local weather conditibalance and surrounding cool

Ecological indicator

Urban flood mitigating structure- Regulates flood waters and minimize economicto flooding

Contribute towards natural remediation of waste waters.

Importance ofLakes Ecological Importance



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Present StatusOf Lakes InHyderabad

Population growth and indust

lead to Encroachments and sh

lakes in Hyderabad



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According to a study conducted by NGRI

Hyderabad (Using remote sensing data obtainedfrom the National Remote Sensing Agency(NRSA))

Hyderabad's growth in the last threedecades has come at the cost of 375 lakesgoing extinct

The HUDA area is having only 531 lakesas compared to the 906 it had in 1982.

A majority of lakes (268 lakes) havevanished between 2002 and 2012.

Of the existent lakes,

267 have a spread of less than fivehectares,

108 have a spread less than 10 hectaresand

The remaining 156 lakes measure morethan 10 hectares

Present Status Shrinking lakes over few de

Satellite map of HUDA showing Shrinking of no. of

last 3 decades:

Lake Spread 1982 1992 2002

5 Hectare 593 534 492

5-10 Hectare 160 146 140

more than 10

hectares153 196 167

Source: Eenadu District Edition, Hyderabad; Article Name- Chivariki Miwhat you have), 1st oct 2013



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All the lakes of Hyderabad are in varying

degrees of environmental degradation.

According to a concerted exercise by the LakeProtection Committee (LPC) the identifiedno. of lakes in HMDA are as follows:

Present Status Data on lakes in Hyderabad

Lakes identified by HMDA in Hyderabad (jurisdi

Area of jurisdiction Area No. of Lakes

GHMC (Inside Outer

Ring Road)

650 sq. km 455

HUDA 1905 sq. Km 531

HMDA (Area including

outside Ring Road)

7,257 sq. km 2857

District Wise Abstract of Lakes Identified in HMDA Area

DistrictsNo of Water Bodies

Inside ORR Outside ORR Total

Hyderabad 23 0 23

Mahaboob Nagar 0 133 133

Medak 44 1278 1322

Nalgonda 0 218 218

Ranga Reddy 388 773 1161

Total 455 2402 2857



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Present Status Present status of some of thbodies

Water body What it is today

Mir Jumla Tank Converted to slum

Maasaab cheruvu and Ramathpura cheruvu Converted to an affluent colony

Yusufguda and Batakammakunta Garbage dumping grounds

Sahebnagar cheruvuv in Hayathnagar Mandal Occupied by influential politicians and l

HUDA

Gopicheruvu at Gacchi Bowli near old Bombay road Converted to town ship by Dyon company

Kanchanbagcheruvu Filled up and a hospital has come up.Some facts about water bodies in Hyderabad

3,245 hectares of lake area was lost between 1989 and 2001 (Anjal Prakash, executive director of Saciwater

Besides the large water bodies, numerous small water bodies in the peri urban zones also shrunk, wh

underwent a wave of real estate growth (Ramachandraiah and Prasad 2008).

People have managed to destroy close to 50 per cent of the wetlands in the city in last 3 decades

Research based on satellite imagery shows water bodies coverage in the city has reduced from 2.5 % to 1.5%

The Famous Hussain Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank which served as a source of drinking water during the N

has been completely polluted.



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j y

Present Status Categorisation of water bodbased on present status

Still used as sourcesof drinking water and

have recreationalpotential

In progressive stages ofdegradation and can be

rehabilitated

Totally reclaimed and lost forever

Osman Sagar

Himayat Sagar

Swaroopnagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank,Sagar; Shameerpet lakes, Noor MohKunta

Mir Jumla Tank,

Ma Sahab Tank and

Batkamma Kunta

Categorisation Lakes



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j y

Status of some of the lakesof Hyderabad

Hamid Khan Kunta, also known a

Banjara Lake, has been encroache

Garbage

Dumping at

Hameed Khan

Kunta Site

The polluted waters of the Hussain Sagar

Lake in Hyderabad raising a stink.



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Problems Faced By Lakes InHyderabad



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Problems FacedBy Lakes

Major factors lead to degrad

of lakes in Hyderabad

Lakepollution

Shrinkingof lake

LakeDegradation

Rapid Urbanisation And Encroachment

Encroachment of lake area, violating urban development nor

Soil Erosion and siltation due to encroachment

Degradation of lake inlet and outlet

Continuous flow of untreated waste water

Sewerage water (Industrial and domestic affluent) is diverted

which leads to pollution, ground water contamination and disDumping of debris and garbage

Washing of clothes in lakes

Invasive weeds

Heavy siltation and pollution due to idol immersion

Lack of knowledge and understanding urban watersheds & h



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Factors contributing towards degradationwater bodies of Hyderabad

Level 1

Population Growth

Urbanisation

Industrial Growth

Level 2

Increasedconcretization

Encroachment

Reduced greeneryof the city

Dumping ofuntreated sewagein the lakes

Idol immersion

Dumping of debrisand garbage

Level 3

Soil Erosion

Silting of Lakes

Degradation of

lake inlet andoutlet

Invasive weed

Lake

Degrada



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Major factors subsequently causing shrinking of lakes at various s

Urbanization/industralization

Population

Growth

RapidConcretization

Encroachment ofLake area

SiltationBlockage of lakeinlet and outlet,

Reduced lake area

Reduced watercarrying capacity

of lake andinfilteration

Shrinking anddisappearing

lakes

Water Crisis,

Inundation



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Factors causing pollution of lakes at various stage

Urbanization/industralization

Population

Growth

IncreasedIndustrial and

domesticaffluent /Garbage

Sewage waterdiverted in thelakes/ Garbage

Dumping

Siltation/ lakePollution

Lake Pollution

ground watercontaminationand diseases

Scarcity of clean

drinking water



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Reasons of encroachment City growth, industrial and urban

spread

Housing colonies are beingconstructed in dried lakes.

According to the govt. rules, if thelakes do not receive water for threeconsecutive years and the lakeremains dry, then the lake area comesunder the jurisdiction of the RevenueDepartment.

Non implementation of buildingregulations and pollution control laws

LAKES CONNECTIVITY AND THEIR ROLE IN PR

INUNDATIONLake inlet and outlet to regulate its flow. A big lake is enco

its large catchment area which contains a number of sm

ponds. These small lakes and ponds are usually intercon

each other along with big lake which helps to maintain the h

these lakes. The interconnecting structures may be the Nal

Water Drains.

Problems FacedBy Lakes

Rapid Urbanisation And

Encroachment

ENCROACHMENT OF WATER CHANNELS

If encroachment occurs along with these nalas/ water chan

will result in restricted flow of water which ultimately res

during big storm events.

Further, the establishments along the nala/ Water channel

their sewage and industrial effluent directly into t

ultimately pollutes lake water. Apart from that, direct disp

Wastes by establishment along the nalas, also causes p

obstructs the flow in hydraulic structures like Inte

Diversions, sewer lines, STPs etc.



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Industrial And Domestic Affluent

Lake Foreshore attracts real estatebusiness for its scenic value; leading directdischarge of untreated municipal andindustrial waste waters.

Almost 80% of Hyderabad's untreatedsewage gets dumped into the city's lakes

Hence the city's drinking water (Manjeera)now demonstrates an alarmingly highpresence of excreta.

municipalities surrounding Hyderabaddischarge all the waste into drains andwater bodies

Pharmaceutical hub at Patancheru thatreleases a huge amount of chemical wasteinto the city's water sources

Solid Waste Dumping

Water bodies are being used as debris dumping

Regular dumping of huge amount of solid wastearea causes clogging and contamination, makesaesthetically unfit for the local residents.

The HUA generates around 3379 tons of solid wday

Problems Faced By Lakes

66%8%

3%

4%

15%

2%1%

1%

Share of Solid Waste Generation-Hyde

House Hold

Domestic

Hotels and

Restaurants

Shops, Commercial

Establishments

Construction waste

Source: Centre for Environmental Studies, JNTU, Hyderabad



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Storm Water Drainage

Natural and man-made drains and waterbodies ultimately discharge surface run-off into lakes and pollute them.

The nalas are the major carriers of stormwater finally disposing into the river andwater bodies in the catchment.

Idol Immersion During Ganesh Chaturt

Several thousands of idols immeevery year during Ganesh ChatuPuja.

The idols decorated with non-bioproducts containing heavy metaand lead which are extremely daecosystem.

According to the study, the immGanesh and Durga idols has polresulting in vector transmitted dlose of biodiversity and aquatic p

Problems Faced By Lakes

Over 50,000 Ganesh idols of various sizes are to be

in the Hussain Sagar lake, the major water body

and about 20 other lakes in the other parts of

and its suburbs.The Hindu-18th Sep 2013

In addition to stormwater discharge thesedrains are also beingused to dischargesullage and septictank overflows



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Effect of lakedegradation



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Effect Of Lake Degradation

Changes In Local Hydrology

Increased rain water runoff and drinking water crisis

Increased instances of water logging and flooding

Rising temperatures due to vanishing water bodies.

Alters Local Weather Conditions

Groundwater contamination due to lake pollution

Loss of traditional livelihoods- fishing and washing

Loss of recreational opportunities

Air pollution due to release of volatile gases and foul smell

Loss of aesthetics

Economic loss due to flooding

Loss of aquatic species



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Effect Of LakeDegradation Changes In Local Hydrology

Sl.No.

Lake degradation/ Factors Effect on hydrology of Hyderabad

1 Rapid siltation of lakes

Reduced no. of water bodies

Loss of rain water retention capacity in lakes

Increased rain /storm water runoff

Reduced ground water recharge

Depletion of Surface and groundwater resource

2 Encroachments on natural nalas /streams and lake bed areas.

Tempering inflow and outflow

channels

Inundations/ Flooding



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Lakes help in recharging aquifers and store the rain water.

In Hyderabad ground water level has depleted due to loss of

water bodies

Hyderabad is facing water crisis in several areas.

Hyderabads early water sources - the Hussain Sagar, Osman

Sagar and Himayat Sagar

The other important sources of water were the Musi and

Manjira rivers.

River Musi is no longer a water source owing to heavy

pollution.

Local self-reliance of waterbreaks down

Local water body sourcesreplaced by distant rivers

Krishna, Godavari, Manjeera

Consequencesexpensive, larger eco-footprints

Effect Of LakeDegradation

Increased Rain Water Runo

Drinking Water Crisis

Water demand and supply in HMDA area

Water DemandTotal water demand as per city agency (HMWSSB)

Per capita water demand as per HMWSSB

Sources And Supply

Water sources

Water sourced from surface sources

Water sourced from groundwater

Total water suppliedPer capita supply

Leakage loss

Actual supply (after deducting leakage losses)

Per capita supply (after leakage losses)

Population served by water supply system

Per capita supply in the served area

Demand-supply gap (after leakage losses)

Source: Anon 2011, 71-City Water-Excreta Survey, 2005-06, C

Environment, New Delhi

Around 70% of HMDA is covered by formal water

supply rest of the areas depend on GW



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Hyderabad Water Supply

Only two lakes of Hyderabad Osman Sag

Himayat Sagar are used for drinking wate High water storage capacity and

Less pollution by the catchment activ

Source: Hyderabad Water-Waste Portraits - Centre for Science and Environment India



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Effect Of LakeDegradation

Increased Instances Of Wate

Logging And Flooding

Masab Tank Situated at the southern foothill limit of Banjara Hills

Converted into a thickly populated residential-cum-

commercial area.

The downstream side of this tank has been

totally converted to residential areas such as

Vijaya Nagar Colony and Shanti Nagar.

During rainy season- there is a problem of

waterlogging and flooding

Many water tanks Hyderabad have been

encroached and converted into residential

and commercial areas

Natural flow of the lake streams are

blocked, resulted in waterlogging andflooding

August 2000 Flood in Hyderabad City

Wettest spell in 92 years due to heavy downpour of

Many of the low-lying areas in Hyderabad were inu

The severity of flooding was due to a Blockage of n

leads and reduction in the carrying capacity of lakes

channels

Waterlogging hotspots during the recent rains, as record

Hyderabad. Traffic Police



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Polluted lake causes vector transmitteddiseases

Causes health hazards in neighborhood.

Fish caught from the polluted lake over aperiod of time is leading to seriousdiseases.

The toxic substances can trigger chronicailments.

When organic compounds of mercury enterhuman body, they concentrate in the brainand destroy the cells which control thecentral nervous system.

Effect Of LakeDegradation Health Hazards

Dead fish float in the waters at Durgam Cheruvu du

of pollution in the lake.



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Need for Lake Conservation To harvests Rainwater and supplement sho

water supply need of Hyderabad

To reduce the waterlogging event and floodinterconnecting the lakes

To improve the heath condition of people livthe lake surrounding

Enhance biodiversity in and around the lak

Increase economic activities through ecotou

recreational opportunities at lake



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Strategies ForProtection OfLakes InHyderabad

LakeProtection

Lake management

Lakerestoration

Three prong strategy



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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Protection

Preventingencroachment (mud,garbage dumping)

Demarcation andidentification of LakeBoundaries and Full

Tank Level

Demarcating theboundary of the waterbody by wire fencing or

boulders to preventfurther encroachment

into the lake beds.

Formation of peripheralbund along the shoreline

of the lakes



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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Management

Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants for treating sewage and lettitreated water into the lake to maintain the lake water to the desired le

Restoration of inflow and outflow channels

Diversion of sewer to direct sewage and take in the monsoon water runthe lake.

Separating storm water/ other wastewater from the rain water

Encouraging management and handling of municipal solid waste



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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Management

Beautification of lake bund by landscaping

and plantation

Plantation on the surrounding to preventsoil erosion

Increasing community vigilance andparticipation

Reducing pollution through idolimmersion- Green Ganesha Drive

Environmental education and awareness

o Training and capacity building of the Community around the lake

o Enhancing visitor & student awareness about the natural and cultural

heritage value of the lake



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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Restoration

SourceControl

Treatment ofwatershed orcatchment of

lakes

In laketreatment

Measuresunder taken toimprove quality

of lake water



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Lake Conservationstrategies Lake Restoration

Source Control

Soil conservation measures,

Bank/Slope erosion controlmeasures,

Afforestation,

Drainage improvements,

Diversion of silt carrying channelsaway from the lake,

Control of sewage wastes,

Sewage interceptions anddiversions and

Participation of people inwatershed

In lake treatment

De-silting the lake bed by dredging

Pollution level control- through bioreand surface aeration processes.

Reviving the screen barriers and siltinlet channels

De-weeding/hyacinth control or remo(biological, chemical, mechanical and

measures, bio-composting)Composite fish culture/ larvivorous fi

to control mosquitoes

Biological treatment-Floating macropand green cover (trees)

Revival of traditional drainage systemreplenish lake storage and drain out waters



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LeFrameworkSave Lak



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Legal Framework To Save Lakes

Policies for the Conservation ofWater bodies

Acts/Bills for the ConservaWater Bodies

The acts that directly concern wpollution (both surface and undare

The Water Act (1974),

The Water Cess Act (1977) The Environment (Protect

or EPA (1986).

The lakes and water bodies of India are directly influenced by a number of l

regulatory frameworks.

The first National Water Policy wasformed in 1987- Revised in 2002

National Wetland ConservationProgramme(NWCP) in 1983- by MoEF

National Lake Conservation Plan(NLCP) for the conservation of lakes inurban areas-2001 by MoEF

In February 2013, the two programmesNLCP and NWCP has been merged intoa single programme called - NationalPlan for Conservation of AquaticEco-systems



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The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897

The Indian Forest Act, 1927

The Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf,

Exclusive Economic Zone

The Water (Prevention and Control Of Pollution) Act, 1977

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

The Maritime Zones of India (Regulation Of Fishing By

Foreign Vessels)

Forest Conservation Act, 1980

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) Notification

Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 1999 s

The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar,

National Conservation Strategies On E

Development

The Biological Diversity Act, 2002

Convention on Biological Diversity, Ju

Bonn Convention on the Conservation

Migratory Species of Wild Animals

International Convention for the Protec

National Water Policy, 2002

National Policy for Hydro Power Deve

Convention on Conservation of Migrat

Species of Wildlife Animals (CMS)

Legal Framework ToSave Lakes

List of Acts/Bills for the Conserv

Water Bodies

There are many acts for the conservation of water bodies. However, only a few states in India have pass

implemented bills specifically targeted to the conservation of water bodies.


L l F k


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Rules for the Conservation of

Water Bodies

Authorities for the

Conservation of Lakes In urban areas, water bodies ar

owned by land owning agencies

Institutions /agencies respofor lakes survival and prote

Ministry of Water Resources

Ministry of Environment and Fo

Agriculture Ministry

Fisheries Ministry and

Other local authorities i.e. MunicCorporations, Development AuthTourism Department, Water SupBoards etc.

Legal FrameworkTo Save Lakes

Rules and legal Authorities

Conservation of Lakes

Ministry of Environment and Forests(MOEF) has also published rules forthe protection the water bodies inIndia.

Under the provisions of theEnvironment (Protection) Act 1986

MOEF issued a set rules forconservation and management ofwetlands (Wetland Rules, 2010).

However, at present the rules areunder review


L l F k


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Legal FrameworkTo Save Lakes

Andhra Pradesh (A.P) State

Legislations

The Andhra

Governments Water,Land, Tree Act

It empowers state agencies to take steps to protect water bodies and to

prevent conversion. The act also requires measures to permanentlydemarcate the boundaries of the water bodies and to evict and preventencroachments.

The Wetlands(Management and

Conservation) Rules,2010

Issued by: MOEF exclusively for the protection of urban water bodies

Bans prohibited activities which includes conversion of wetlands for othuses, setting up and expanding industries and dumping untreated waswater and any other activity that will have negative impact on the watbodies.

National LakeConservation

Programme (NLCP)

Objective- restore and conserve the urban and semi-urban lakes degra

due to waste water discharge into the lake through an integrated ecosyapproach.

Cost sharing between the Central and the concerned State Governmen70:30.

Banjara Lake (Known as Hameed Khan Kunta) of Hyderabad ispresently covered under NLCP. NLCP is sanctioning an amount of 4.30 crores (from May, 2009) for protection and conservation of this lak

The Andhra Pradesh Regularisation of the Unauthorised Constructions in Municipal Corporations

Municipalities and Urban Development Authorities Act, 2003

The act denies regularisation of unauthorised constructions on lakes and tank beds.



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Major InitiaTowards L

Conservatio

Hydera

Government - Donor Agencies - Local/ International NGOs - Genera



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The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development

Authority (HMDA), with support from

Municipal corporations,

Municipalities

The Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply &

Sewerage Board (HMWSSB),

The Andhra Pradesh Transmission

Corporation,

The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure

Corporation,

The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport

Corporation,

And other such bodies

Constituted by the Government of Andh

in year 2010 under the chairmanship of

Commissioner, HMDA

Objective: TO cater to the protection of l

Hyderabad Metropolitan Region

Function

Listing of all lakes in HMDA

their FTL demarcation

Removal of existing encroachments in th

foreshore areas,

Improvement of the lakes and their catc

Organising wide publicity and awarenes

for protection of the lakes.

Lake ConservationInitiatives- Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies

Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes

in AP Lake Protection Committee (L



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Collection Of Data On Lakes Full Tank Level (FTL) Boundaries De

HMDA has collated data of 2,857 lakes existing inthe Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR) area

HMDA and GHMC had completed demfull tank level (FTL) boundaries of the

455 lakes inside the ORR in coordinati

irrigation and revenue departments

Demarcation of remaining lakes would

shortly

Lake Conservation And Protection

HMDA would take up conservation and protection

of 258 lakes, where FTL demarcation was

completed, in the first phase.

The GHMC would take up conservation and

protection of 128 lakes, HMDA 80 and irrigation

department 50. The shore areas of these water bodies would be

beautified and plantation would be taken up.

The NGRI's help would be taken now on

identifying inlet and outlet channels and Nalas for

the lakes.

Local Lake Protection Cells

Involving stakeholders and local comm

constituted for each lake that will act aand give feedback to HUDA.

The sale and registration of lands in th

covered under notified lakes should be

No development activities should be pe

these areas, which are to be supervised

controlled by HUDA


L k C i


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Sewage Treatment

Sewage generated in Greater Hyderabad

Metropolitan Corporation area ~ 1250 MLD,

Total Sewerage treatment capacity is only 750

MLD.

STPs are treating the dry weather sewage

inflows into the lake and discharge the treated

water into the lake for the purpose of lake

water balance and improve the water quality

in the lakeData on STPs

Capacity No. of STPs

HMWS&SB ~592 MLD 5 STPs

HMDA ~40 MLD 9 STPs

Hussain Sagar Lake and

Catchment Area

Improvement Project (HCIP)

~55 MLD 3 STPs

Improvements To Storm Water

By Municipal Corporation To alleviate the problems of flood

improve lake connectivity

The improvements proposed

Deepening and Widening of

Provision of retaining walls

sections

Prevention of dumping of wa

the Nallas to prevent cloggin

Shifting Polluting Industries Fr

Hyderabad

AP government has decided to sh

polluting industries operating w

Outer Ring Road (ORR) of Hyder

to 45 locations identified outside


L k C i S f h i i l
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/SEWAGE%20TREATMENT%20PLANTS%20IN%20HYDERABAD.docxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/SEWAGE%20TREATMENT%20PLANTS%20IN%20HYDERABAD.docx


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Lake ConservationInitiatives- Hyderabad

Some of the international ag

funded projects

Aid from Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA), under Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment AreaImprovement Project (HCIP)

World Bank-assisted project on Capacity Building andIndustrial Pollution Management Project

Some of the international agencies

funded projects

Other Initi

Several NGOs, Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations and indihave been making representations regarding the environmental pothe lakes, encroachment incidents and other related protection issu

Several PILs have also been filed in this regard and Lok Ayukta hataken Suo-mottocognisance (take notice of the fact on its own) in seinstances



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CASE STUDIESLake Reasons for study

Hussain Sagar Lake One of the largest lakes of Hyderabad

High Historical and recreational Value Situated at the Centre of the twin city of Hyderabad and Secunderabad

Already many studies and lake protection and management work ha

undertaken by Gov. of AP and HMDA under Catchment Area Impro

Project (HCIP) funded by JICA

Hameed Khan Kunta

(Known As Banjara

Lake)

It has suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of sew

from the surrounding commercial and residential colonies

In 2002 the lake was adopted for rejuvenation under the Nationa

Conservation Programme (NLCP) of the Ministry of Environment and

(MoEF)

Noor Mohammed

Kunta

Located in Katedan Industrial Area

Highly polluted due to industrial sewage

Its a dead pond and the lake water had turned into a pink/ red colour

industrial pollutants

NMK is the first and only lake in the country to have been identified for c

by the World Bank-assisted project on Capacity Building and Ind

Pollution ManagementProjectby the Ministry of Environment and Fore



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Case Study I Hussain Sagar Lake

Built during: 1562 AD (450 years old)

Built by: Hussain Sha Walis

Basin area: 240 Sq. KmWater spread area - 4.7 sq.km. and Shoreline Length - 14 kms

Purpose of building: to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city.

In the past 30 years, the lake has shrunk more than 50 % of its original

size (550 ha to 240 ha).

The quality of water in the lake has gradually deteriorated mainly due tothe continual entry of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluent.

Other reasons of pollution are

Cattle washing, vehicle washing, dumping of domestic solid waste

along the shore line as well as the immersion of large numbers of

Ganesh and Durga Idols during festivals

Due to the eutrophication (o

nitrates and phosphates), alg

bad odour, the water body conducive for drinking wa

recreation & pisci-culture

The water from Lake Hussa

now used for horticultural

treatment.

The main threat to the lake is encroachment by both private and

public agencies

STATUS OF LAKE It has recently been developed

into a tourist centre by HUDA



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Standard Vs. Existing water quality of Hussain Sagar Lake

Parameter Units Standard/Prescr

ibed Limit

(Class-B, CPCB)

Existing

Quality

pH 6.5-8.5 7.4

Colour Hazen Unit < 300 50

Turbidity NTU 41

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l > 5 2.3

Total Nitrogen (TN) mg/l 14

Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/l 2

Suspended Solids mg/l < 50 52Volatile Suspension mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l 90

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l < 3 30

Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 500 >1600

Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 200

Fluorine (as F) mg/l < 1.5

Arsenic (as As) mg/l < 0.2

Source: Budha Purnima Project, Hyderabad


MAJOR SOURCE OF PO

Nalas entering

Hussain Sagar

Lake

No. Name

Domestic sewage 4 Balkapu

Kukatp

Toxic Industrial

Chemicals

1 Kukatp

Municipal solid

Waste (MSW)

4 Balkapu

Kukatp

The quantum of sewage fl owing th r

Nalas to lake are approximately 15

Amount of Sewage treated through

in Balkapur, Kukatpally and Picket

The sewage water is treated by thes

HCIPand tr eated water is released

maintai n the lake water to the desir



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Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment Area

Improvement Project (HCIP)

Led by HMDA to improve the quality of Hussain Sagar

Lake.

Aid from the Japan International Cooperation Agency

(JICA), with an estimated cost of Rs. 310 crores.

The project has five elements. They are:

treatment of inflows,

improvement in quality of lake water,

protection of lakes and nalas incatchment areas,

public awareness and stakeholder

participation,

shoreline cleaning and removal of

floating material.

To improve Lake Ecosystem

Installation of Fountains to increase DO,

Desilting, Dredging,

Removal of aquatic weeds (Water Hyacinth

To prevent encroachment

FTL boundary demarcation,

Fencing, Bund road formation,

Plantation on the surrounding

Constitution of Enforcement cell

To Improve recreation activities

Beautification around lake,

Discharge of treated water into the lake.

To prevent Lake Pollution

Construction and Rehabilitation of Sewera

Organize public awareness campaigns

Prevent pollution through domestic a

activities near Lake Shore.

Measures being followed to improve th

Hussain Sagar Lake under HCIP

Hussain Sagar has recently been developed into a

tourist centre by the Hyderabad Urban

Development Authority (HUDA)


Hameed Khan Kunta (Know


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Case Study II Hameed Khan Kunta (KnowBanjara Lake)

Man made tank (4.17 ha) with a maximum depth of 5.0m

(average 3.0 m)

Built in: 1930

Built by: royal elites located in the lake boundaries

Banjara Lake is surrounded by apartment complexes on its

north, a commercial complex and Taj Banjara hotel on thesouth, and some slums and a graveyard on the west.

STATUS OF LAKE

Suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of

sewerages from the surrounding commercial and residential

colonies

It receives about 1.5 MLD sewage discharged by three

upstream colonies namely Udainagar, Gowrishankar and

Ambedkar Colony, with a total population of 9950

The upstream part of the lake is clogged by water hyacinth and garbage.

Decline in water quality resulting int

and algal blooms

Excessive foul smell emanating from

the lake aesthetically unfit for the loc


Hameed Khan Kunta (Know


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Case Study II Hameed Khan Kunta (KnowBanjara Lake)

The lake has shrunk over the years due to encroachments and dumping of sewage

Garbage Dumping at lake siteShrinking Lake- Hamid Khan Kunta

Regular waste dumping resulting into clogging and contamination

Heaps of plastics piled on the water body pose a threat to the slum children who

venture into water body for defecation.

Initiatives Taken

In 2002 the lakerejuvenation un

Lake Conserva

of the Ministry

and Forest (MoE

Since then alm

been spent in r

rejuvenation of

limited success.

The Andhra P

Development

(APTDC) in ass

GVK, situated

precinct, has

conservation

plan. To prevent

of lakehttp://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdfhttp://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdf


C S d III
http://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdfhttp://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdfhttp://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdfhttp://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdfhttp://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdfhttp://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdf


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Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta (NM

located on NH 7 in the Shivrampally village,

Water spread: 27 acres

The lake is near Kattedan Industrial Estate (KIE) inRajendranagar, being surrounded by textile mills, edible oil

mills and other chemical units (in Katedan Industrial Area).

STATUS OF LAKE

Pollutants coming from industry has turned the water of lake

into a pink/ red colour. The NMK has been dead since years due

to heavy inflow of industrial wastes.

NMK site was heavily polluted due to presence of heavy metals, organics, and inorganics and

identified as a hot spot.

Both KIE residents and workers were exposed to health hazards

Due to pollution residents are migrating from the lake into the research field of the Agricultur

University of Hyderabad are located downstream

Water of NMK Lake flows downstream into a system of interlinked lakes and finally pollutes th

Tank.

IMPACT ON LOCAL COMMUNITY

Indian express, published on 27th March 2013

http://www.newswala.com/Hyderabad-News/World-Bank-funds-for-Remediation-Project-of-Noor-Mohammed-Kunta-Lake-33650.html


C S d III


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LAKE CONSERVATION INITIATIVES

Capacity Building and IndustrialPollution Management Project

Funder: TheWorld Bank

Project implementer: Consortium of

Witteveen+Bos, Tauw, COWI A/S and

Kadam Environmental Consultants,

under the name of Pollution Control

Board Consultants (PCBC)Project Timeline

NMK is the first and only lake in the cou

been identified for cleanup by the W

assisted project on CapacityBuilding anPollution Management Project by the

approved by the Cabinet Committee o

Affairs in 2010.

HUDA took up the construction of a sewag

treatment plant (STP) for treatment of dom

sewage generated in the catchment area. T

was completed in the month of January 20

expenditure of Rs. 6.95 crores.Remediation works were

supposed to start

In September

2013

The first phase will be completed by March 2014

The second phase will be

completed

by 2015-end.


C St d III


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PROPOSED REMEDIATION METHODS

Removal of toxic sediments

Construction of a sediment trap is recommended at the inletof the drains from KIE to the lake NMK.

Not only the lake should be remediated, also the sediment of

stagnant waters and open drains in KIE will have to be

remediated in order to clean the environment.

A ll h igh ly tox ic sedimen ts wou ld be ddewatered and contained withintubes of g

Waste Removal

Waste should be removed from the open (hillock) spaces to

prevent and stop ongoing dispersion of toxic substances to the

environment.

In KIE about 3,500 m3 of temporarily s

will be collected and disposed to an off-sit

Municipal Solid Waste.

Behavioural-based mitigation measures

Since it is not possible to remove all topsoil from the industrial plots and the open spaces, it is recommen

prevent further pollution of the site

Taking behavioural-based mitigation measures will help in reduction of lead and chromium health ri

ingestion




61/64

.

Application Of Geo-Textile Tubes

.Filling, Dewatering and refilling

The sludge is pumped into the tubes, and the

dewatering begins

The tube is left alone for a period of time

until it has dewatered enough so that more

sludge can be pumped into it.

The refilling can be done as many times as

necessary.

Disposal

Once it has been determined that the

dewatering process has accomplished the tubes

can be cut open and the solids can be

appropriately disposed off.



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Way ForwardStrategic integrated management action plans and effective coordination between the distakeholders

The national and state policies in respect of water and environment need to be integrated

Standards for lake and reservoir management have to be framed.

Restoration project needs to give emphasis on the restoration of the catchments of lakes.

Stakeholder participation and capacity building - an important instrument for better maof water bodies.

Active involvement of all the stakeholders like Corporates, Resident Welfare AssociationEducation Institutions, Health organizations, NGOs and other agencies etc.for speedyof the mandated works regarding Lake Protection and to ensure the sustainability of pro


A k l d


63/64

Acknowledgements

I am heartily thankful to-

Dr. T.V. Ramachandra, Centre for Continuing Education, Indian InstituteScience (IISc.) Bangalore, for assigning me with the dissertation project onStatus of Lakes in Hyderabad as part of the Environmental ManagemenCourse (2013-14).

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Khajuria, Member environment- HMDA, Dr. M.J. NaSr. Scientist & Head, PME - CSIR- NGRI, Mr. K. Srinivas, Technical Offic(QAT), HMWSSB for spending their valuable time and support inconceptualizing this study.

Mr. Satheesh Arjilli, AVP, BASICS Ltd. for his guidance and continuoussupport.

People who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of thproject



64/64

Thank You

status of lakes in hyderabad

Documents

hyderabad city

protection of lakes

th5242018 status of

project5242018 status

hyderabad strategies

hyderabad problems

lakes initiatives

multiple lakes