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Status of Nuclear Power Plant Development in Indonesia

Seoul, 17 Maret 2014

Sudi Ariyanto Wiku Lulus Widodoasudi@batan.go.id wikululu@batan.go.id

Center for Nuclear Energy DevelopmentBATAN

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2012 :• GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) : US$ 1,237 b • GDP per capita : US$ 5,100• GDP real growth : 6,2 % • Export : US$ 187 b• Import : US$ 179 b

• > 17,000 islands : 6,000 islands inhabited

Sumatra Kalimantan Sulawesi

Java

Bali

Irian Jaya

Maluku

Pontianak

Ambon

Ujung-Pandang

Jayapura

Jakarta

Medan

Indonesia – Country Profile

• Area : 1.9 million km2• Coastline : 54,716 km• Population: 245.5 million• Density: 134 per square km

Population density of Java: 951 per square km - the world’s most

populous island

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PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara)Indonesian State-owned Electricity Company

PLN is major integrated electric utility company in Indonesia.

Sole owner of transmission and distribution assets with control over majority of generation assets in Indonesia.

¨ Owner of 38 GW Power Plant

¨ Controls over 85% of national generation capacity

¨ Main purchaser of electricity from Independent Power Producers (IPPs)

¨ Sole responsibility for power transmission in Indonesia

¨ Transmission lines with 38 thousands kmc and 72 GVA of power transformer capacity

¨ Sole distributor of electricity to end customers in Indonesia

¨ Distribution lines of 740 thousands kmc and 39 GVA of transformer capacity, serving around 50 Millions customers, 6 million PrePaid Meters.

Generation Transmission Distribution

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Electrification Ratio ( 2012 )

PAPUA BARAT: 66.5%

SUMUT: 87.2%

SUMBAR: 76.9%

RIAU:78.4%

SUMSEL: 66.7%

BENGKULU: 71.2%

BABEL: 92.8%

LAMPUNG: 70.0%DKI: 96.4%

BANTEN: 80.5%

JABAR: 75.9%

JATENG: 77.8%

JAMBI: 70.0%

DIY: 77.8% JATIM: 75.2% BALI:74.5% NTB: 53.3% NTT: 53.2%

KALBAR: 89.7%

KALTENG: 56.6%

KALSEL:75.9%

KALTIM:75.9%SULUT: 76.4%

GORONTALO: 60.7%

SULTENG: 66.0%

SULTRA: 68.8%

SULSEL: 81.2%

MALUT: 85.4%

MALUKU: 77.3%

PAPUA: 33.1%SULBAR: 89.3%

NAD: 88.8%

Electrification Ratio 2012

PLN 73.1%

(PLN+ Non PLN) 75.9%

More than 60 million Indonesian people had no access to electricity

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Electricity Fuel Mix is not ideal ....

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2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

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2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Indonesia Jawa Bali

Indonesia Barat Indonesia Timur

5.728

3.883 3.844

5.207

6.415

8.987 8.976

5.231 4.744 4.311

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1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

9.000

10.000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Other GTPP CCPP GeoPP HEPP CFPP Total

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50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

300.000

350.000

400.000

450.000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

GW

h

Impor Biomass Surya/Hybrid HSD MFO LNG Gas Batubara Geothermal Hydro

Electricity demands rising fast, new addition of 55 GW needed for the next 10 years

Coal : 38 GWGeothermal: 6.4 GWComb. Cycle: 2.5 GWGT/Gas Eng.: 4 GWHydro: 5.3 GWOthers: 0.25 GW

coal..too much relies on coal > 65 % in 2021

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Current National Energy Mix

Coal26.7

Oil47.2

Gas21.5

Hydro, 2.5

Geothermal1.2

Renewable0.9

Energy Mix 2011Oil still dominated with 47.2%

1. Fossil energy is still dominant, the resources are limited;

2. Electrification ratio in 2013 still low (74 %)

3. Utilization of New and Renewable energy not yet optimal;

4. Environment issues:a. Climate change mitigation;b. Carbon trading;c. National commitment on emission

redcution 26% in the year 2020;5. Financing for energy sector

development still limited.

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Energy Policies has been set ...

• The Presidential Decree No.5 year 2006 indicates the target of energy mix until 2025 and the share of nuclear energy is about 2% of primary energy or 4% of electricity (4000 MWe).

• The first two units of NPP is expected as stated in Act No. 17 year 2007 on National Long Term Development Planning 2005-2025.

• The Energy Law No. 30 of August 2007 creates a National Energy Council (NEC) chaired by the President with the authority to design and formulate energy policy on behalf of the GOI. The policy then must be endorsed by Parliament.

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Oil< 20 %

Gas >30 %

Coal >33 %

New & Renewable Resources >17 %

Biofuel > 5 %

Geothermal > 5 %

Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind And biomass >5 %

Liquefied Coal >2 %

Target of National Energy Mix 2025

YEAR 2005Oil : 54.76%

Natural Gas : 22.24%

Coal : 16.77%

Hydro : 3.72%

Geothermal : 2.48%

YEAR 2025

Presidential Decree 5/2006 gives direction....

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Proposed Sites for NPP

Muria Site: Has been evaluated (1991-1996),

Now: monitoring of meteorology and microseismic

Banten Site: Underpreliminary study

Bangka Sites: Feasibility study

(2011-2013)

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Current Status of Indonesia NPP Program

Phase 1

Consideration before a decision to

launch a nuclear power programme

is taken

Phase 2

Preparatory work for the construction

of a NPP after a policy decision has

been taken

Phase 3

Activities to implement a first

NPP

Phase 4

Maintenance and continuous

infrastructure improvement

Pre Project Project Decision Making

Construction Operation/ decommissioning

Nuclear power option included

within the national energy

strategy

Nuclear power option included

within the national energy

strategy

Milestone 1Ready to make a knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme

Milestone 2Ready to invite bids for the first NPP

Milestone 3Ready to commission and operate the first NPP

10-15 years

Pres.Reg. 5/2006

Act. 17/2007

Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning

Infrastructure

Development

Program

1stNPP

Project

Current PositionCurrent Position

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No. INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS OF PHASE 11. National Position NEPIO not yet established

2. Nuclear Safety No actions needed

3. Management NEPIO not yet established

4. Funding and Financing Minor actions needed

5. Legislative Framework Minor actions needed

6. Safeguards No actions needed

7. Regulatory Framework No actions needed

8. Radiation Protection No actions needed

9. Electric Grid No actions needed

10. Human Resource No action needed

11. Stakeholder Involvement Well-structured programme needs to established

12. Site and Supporting facility Minor actions needed

13. Environmental Protection No actions needed

14. Emergency Planning No actions needed

15. Security and Physical Protection No actions needed

16. Nuclear Fuel Cycle No actions needed

17. Radioactive Waste No actions needed

18. Industrial Involment Minor actions needed

19. Procurement No actions needed

Readiness PositionResult of INIR Mission Phase 1 by IAEA for Indonesia (2009)

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Indonesia Status - INIR Mission Findings [1/3]

• Indonesia is planning in earnest for the introduction of nuclear power.

• Two key organizations have been formed: BATAN as promoting organization that in charge of development work and preparations for nuclear energy, and BAPETEN, the regulatory body.

• No decision has, however, yet been made on what organization will be responsible for owning and operating the nuclear power plants.

• Several options are considered.– Note : PLN ? --- is ready and willing to give long term PPA (30 years),

willing to be an operator/owner if government appoints us, now has an initiative to carry out FS

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• There is a national consensus in principle that nuclear energy should be a part of the energy portfolio in Indonesia ( Act Number 17 Year 2007 ).

• There is good progress in the development of the national infrastructure in many areas, especially nuclear law, safety regulations, grid, human resources development, emergency planning, environmental protection, fuel cycle and waste-management.

Indonesia Current Status - INIR Mission Findings [2/3]

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• However less progress has been made in areas, which will require the involvement of the owner/operator of the nuclear power plants, e.g. management, funding and financing and industry involvement.

• The activities for stakeholder involvement will in particular require significant improvement.

• The infrastructure activities performed by different organisations have so far been informally coordinated;

• It would be advantageous to introduce formal steering and coordination of the future activities.

Indonesia Current Status - INIR Mission Findings [3/3]

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Roadmap of NPP Development

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Scope of Feasibility Study – BATAN & PLN

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Aspect of Feasibility Study

SITE STUDY

SAFETY RELATED ASPECTS

NON-SAFETY RELATED ASPECTS

Impact of NPP to Environment

EXTERNAL EVENTS

1. Topography dan Geography2. Geology, geophysic dan geotechnics3. Seismology4. Volcanology5. Oceanography, Off-shore geophysic &

coastal flooding6. Hydrogeology and hydrology7. Meteorology8. External Human Induced Events

9. Demography10. Land, water and marine use11. Radioactivity Background, Dispersion and Dose

assessment12. Emergency Preparedness

13. Spatial Planning and Infrastructure14. Ecology + endangered species15. Social economy and socio-culture + historical

monuments16. Other consideration

NON-SITE STUDY

1. Technology and safety (size, technical fiture, etc)

2. Fuel cycle and Rad Wast Management3. National Participation (industry,

services, important material)4. Human Resources5. Management (contract, schedule)

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Bangka

Belitung

TECTONIC SETTING OF INDONESIA

Finding sites is challenging ......

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Active volcanic hazards around the country....

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• Clarify the planning and decisions needed for a nuclear power program and identify owner/operator

• Create an inter-agency team to oversee and steer infrastructure development work

• Develop a detailed action plan for infrastructure development for phase 2 (until invitation to bid is issued) as part of longer term planning

• Develop a comprehensive program for stakeholder (incl. public) involvement

• Expand the existing national policy and strategy for national industry involvement to also include the involvement for constructing and operating nuclear power plants

• Enhance international/regional/bilateral cooperation

Next Urgent Steps for Indonesia

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Recent ActivitiesExperimental Power Reactor

1. To strengthen the facilities for R&D to support development of new and renewable energy

2. To increase man power capabilities in project management of nuclear construction

3. To support public acceptance activities

Objective

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Proposed Sites for EPR

Serpong, Banten in a complex for science and engineering

development owned by the Government

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General Information for EPR

• Type of reactor: High Temperature Reactor• Capacity: 10-30 MWt• Utilization: Electricity, and Heat for co-

generation• Target: commissioning in 2019• Budget: Self-financed• Site evaluation program has been sent to

Regulatory Body to get permission

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Conclusion

Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone methodology.

It can be suggested that some issues mainly connected to the responsibilities of the owner/operator of the nuclear power plant, still will require further work, most of which can be performed in parallel during Phase 2.