status of potato in dr congo
TRANSCRIPT
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STATUS OF POTATO STATUS OF POTATO VARIETY DEVELOPMENT VARIETY DEVELOPMENT AND SEED PRODUCTION AND SEED PRODUCTION
IN DR CONGOIN DR CONGO
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IntroductionIntroduction
• Production zones: – highlands in eastern part of
country• Province Orientale
• Nord kivu
• Sud Kivu
• Katanga
– Western part of country• Bandundu
• Bas-Congo
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Climatic conditionsClimatic conditions
Provinces Altitudes
(m)
Seasons
(planting)
Rainfall
(mm)
T˚ C
Nord Kivu 2000-2500 Oct.-Nov.
Febr., Apr.
1300-1800 14-16
Sud Kivu 1700-2300 Sept.-Oct.
March-Apr.
1200-1800 19-21
Katanga 1700-2000 Nov.-Febr. 1000-1600 18-19
Orientale 1700-1800 April
October
1100-1500 17-19
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Variety evaluation, selection and release processVariety evaluation, selection and release process
I INTRODUCTORY PLOTS: In the research station; 1-5 tubers/clone/plot; no replication; 1 season.
II SELECTION PLOTS : In the research station; 5-10 tubers/clone/plot; 2-3 replications; local check is incorporated; 1 season.
III VARIETY TRIALS : in the station; 10-20 tubers/clone/plot; 3-4 replications; 2 seasons.
IV MULTILOCATIONAL : 4-6 locations through growing potato zones; TRIALS 10-15 tubers/clone/plot; 3 replications; 2 seasons
V ON-FARM TRIALS : In the farmers’ fields; 10-20 tubers/clone /farmer; 4-6 farmers by localities; each farmer is considered as a replication/location; 2 seasons.
VI RELEASE
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Release requirementsRelease requirements
• High yield• Resistance/Tolerance to LB, BW, VIRUSES• Tuber characteristics:
– Skin color: pink, red, white– Shape : oblong, ovate, round, elliptic– dormancy:short(2 months), medium(3 months)
• Maturity: early(3 months), medium(3½ months)• Culinary qualities:consistency,mealy
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Data collectionData collection
• In the steps I and II of evaluation, i.e. introductory plots and selection plots, especially for tuber families, attention is paid to :- plant height(score:1-5), 1=low; 5=high- Blooming(score:0-5), 0=absent;5=abundant- Vigor(score:1-9), 1=very weak; 9= very vigorous- Maturity(1-7), 1=late; 7=very early- Tuber characteristics: shape, skin color, eye deph
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Data collection (cont’d)Data collection (cont’d)
• In the steps III, IV and V, the following data are collected:– Vigor(1-9)– Maturity(1-7)– Late blight(0-100):0=0%of leaves attacked;
100=100% of leaves destroyed– Yield and its components
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Variety characteristics considered Variety characteristics considered by farmers and consumers for by farmers and consumers for
adoptionadoption• Farmers:
– High yield– Resistance/tolerance to diseases(LB,BW)– Earliness– Short dormancy– Good taste
• Consumers:– Size and shape– Skin color– Culinary qualities
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Seed production schemesSeed production schemes
• There is no formal potato seed system in DR Congo yet.
• Nevertheless, INERA is the only national institution involved in pre-basic and basic seed production.
• There are some development projects,NGO’s and progressive farmers who are involved in potato seed production.
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Seed production (cont’d)Seed production (cont’d)
• As there is no an elaborate seed certification program, INERA uses rigorously simples techniques of positive and negative selection to keep seed stocks in a healthy and highly productive state year after year.
• Seed growers apply the same techniques in their seed potato production plots.
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Available facilities and staff in the Available facilities and staff in the potato programpotato program
• Facilities:– 1 computer– 1 vehicle– 2 diffused light stores– 2 motorcycles
• Staff:– 1 M.Sc. (Agronomist/Breeder)– 2 Ing.Agr.(A0 ,Post harvest/Food scientist)– 2 B.Sc.(A1 )– 2 Technicians(Diploma)
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Potato varieties, their Potato varieties, their characteristicscharacteristics
Variety Clone
Nber
Skin color
Eye deph Vegetative cycle(days)
LB resistance
BW resistance
Resistance-Virus
Storability
Montsama
720049 Red Shallow to Medium
90-105 Moderate Susceptible Susceptible(PLRV)
Good
Sangema 800949 Pink Medium 100-115 Moderate Susceptible Susceptible Good
Enfula 380606.6 Pink Medium 90-105 Tolerant Susceptible Good
Mabondo R-8212-6 Red-White
Shallow to Medium
120-130 Resistant Tolerant Tolerant Good
Gahinga 720097 Red Medium 120-130 Tolerant to resistant
Susceptible Resistant Good
Nsimire 382171.4 White Shallow 100 Tolerant Tolerant Good
Cruza 148 720118 Yellow/pur
Ple eyes
Shallow 110-130 Tolerant Tolerant Susceptible Good
Murhula 386022.2 White Medium 90-105 Tolerant Susceptible Fair
Kinja 381381.20 Red Medium 90-105 Moderate Tolerant Good
Marita White Shallow to medium
90-105 Tolerant Tolerant Good
Seseni 800954 White Medium > 120 tolerant Susceptible Susceptible Good
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Methods used for variety Methods used for variety maintenancemaintenance
• Germoplasme multiplication in the field year after year.
• Protection against pests by spraying.
• Application of positive selection.
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Sources of seed planted by seed Sources of seed planted by seed multipliers multipliers
• Research stations.
• Own stocks
• NGOs
• Other producers
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Seed storageSeed storage
Diffused light store at Mulungu Center
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Seed storage (cont’d)Seed storage (cont’d)
Farmer’s diffused light store
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Methods used to break seed Methods used to break seed dormancydormancy
Pit in which seed potatoes are buried to break dormancy
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Bottlenecks in seed production and Bottlenecks in seed production and disseminationdissemination
• Political turmoil
• Lack of tissue culture lab and screenhouse.
• Lack of seed potato formal system