Status of the OPERA experiment

Akitaka ArigaLHEP University of Bern

on behalf of the OPERA collaboration

CC event with charm productionCandidate (Data)

OPERA experimentbull Aiming to prove the Flavor-Mixing neutrino oscillation

hypothesis by appearance methodndash Appearance of new flavor

ndash Search in the region predicted by disappearance experiments (SK K2K MINOS)

bull Direct observation of events in Nuclear Emulsion detectorsndash Only detector which can detect (DONUT exp)ndash Sub-micron position resolutionndash mrad angular resolutionndash 125 kt of target mass

(FL ~500m)

1ryvertex non-mu

CC interaction CC interaction

CNGS beam

lt E gt 17 GeV

L 730 km

( e + e) 087

4

prompt negligible

Expected produced interactions (225x1019) ~25400 CC + NC

~170 e + e CC~125 CC (m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2)

L = 732 kmCERNLNGS

Tflight = 244 ms

CERN

LNGS

730 km

~10 tau decays are expectedto be observed

Less than 1 backgroundafter 5 years running

20μm

π-10GeVc

Electron ～ 100keV

Intrinsic resolution 　50nm

Emulsion film by FUJI Film

Deviation from linear-fit line (2D)sensitivity 36grains100micron

4

Cross-sectional view (SEM)

Plastic Base (205micron)

Emulsion Layer

Emulsion Layer (44micron) A minimal detectorAgBr Cristal Size = 02micron Detection efficiency = 016crystal

1013 channels in a film

2009610 4

102 cm

125 cm75 cm

10 X0

neutrino

OPERA　Film　times　57　plates

Lead　x　56　plates

OPERA　Film2 emulsion layers (44 m thick)

poured on a 205 m plastic base

1mm03mm

The　OPERA　target　consists　of

about　150000　bricks

Total　target　mass　125　kton

OPERA target amp main detector

ECC brick

Lead　plate

Hybrid target structureHybrid target structure

(CS)

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

Brick Manipulator System

Brick Wall and Brick Manipulation system

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Brick Manipulator System

Extract Brick and CS scan CSConfirm the event in the ECC brickDevelop brick and send to scanning labs

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

ECC validation by CS

bull Select proper ECC brick which contains neutrino interactionsndash Save analysis timendash Minimize the loss of target mass

CSDevelop this brickDevelop this brick

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

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• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

OPERA experimentbull Aiming to prove the Flavor-Mixing neutrino oscillation

hypothesis by appearance methodndash Appearance of new flavor

ndash Search in the region predicted by disappearance experiments (SK K2K MINOS)

bull Direct observation of events in Nuclear Emulsion detectorsndash Only detector which can detect (DONUT exp)ndash Sub-micron position resolutionndash mrad angular resolutionndash 125 kt of target mass

(FL ~500m)

1ryvertex non-mu

CC interaction CC interaction

CNGS beam

lt E gt 17 GeV

L 730 km

( e + e) 087

4

prompt negligible

Expected produced interactions (225x1019) ~25400 CC + NC

~170 e + e CC~125 CC (m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2)

L = 732 kmCERNLNGS

Tflight = 244 ms

CERN

LNGS

730 km

~10 tau decays are expectedto be observed

Less than 1 backgroundafter 5 years running

20μm

π-10GeVc

Electron ～ 100keV

Intrinsic resolution 　50nm

Emulsion film by FUJI Film

Deviation from linear-fit line (2D)sensitivity 36grains100micron

4

Cross-sectional view (SEM)

Plastic Base (205micron)

Emulsion Layer

Emulsion Layer (44micron) A minimal detectorAgBr Cristal Size = 02micron Detection efficiency = 016crystal

1013 channels in a film

2009610 4

102 cm

125 cm75 cm

10 X0

neutrino

OPERA　Film　times　57　plates

Lead　x　56　plates

OPERA　Film2 emulsion layers (44 m thick)

poured on a 205 m plastic base

1mm03mm

The　OPERA　target　consists　of

about　150000　bricks

Total　target　mass　125　kton

OPERA target amp main detector

ECC brick

Lead　plate

Hybrid target structureHybrid target structure

(CS)

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

Brick Manipulator System

Brick Wall and Brick Manipulation system

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Brick Manipulator System

Extract Brick and CS scan CSConfirm the event in the ECC brickDevelop brick and send to scanning labs

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

ECC validation by CS

bull Select proper ECC brick which contains neutrino interactionsndash Save analysis timendash Minimize the loss of target mass

CSDevelop this brickDevelop this brick

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
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• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

CNGS beam

lt E gt 17 GeV

L 730 km

( e + e) 087

4

prompt negligible

Expected produced interactions (225x1019) ~25400 CC + NC

~170 e + e CC~125 CC (m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2)

L = 732 kmCERNLNGS

Tflight = 244 ms

CERN

LNGS

730 km

~10 tau decays are expectedto be observed

Less than 1 backgroundafter 5 years running

20μm

π-10GeVc

Electron ～ 100keV

Intrinsic resolution 　50nm

Emulsion film by FUJI Film

Deviation from linear-fit line (2D)sensitivity 36grains100micron

4

Cross-sectional view (SEM)

Plastic Base (205micron)

Emulsion Layer

Emulsion Layer (44micron) A minimal detectorAgBr Cristal Size = 02micron Detection efficiency = 016crystal

1013 channels in a film

2009610 4

102 cm

125 cm75 cm

10 X0

neutrino

OPERA　Film　times　57　plates

Lead　x　56　plates

OPERA　Film2 emulsion layers (44 m thick)

poured on a 205 m plastic base

1mm03mm

The　OPERA　target　consists　of

about　150000　bricks

Total　target　mass　125　kton

OPERA target amp main detector

ECC brick

Lead　plate

Hybrid target structureHybrid target structure

(CS)

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

Brick Manipulator System

Brick Wall and Brick Manipulation system

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Brick Manipulator System

Extract Brick and CS scan CSConfirm the event in the ECC brickDevelop brick and send to scanning labs

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

ECC validation by CS

bull Select proper ECC brick which contains neutrino interactionsndash Save analysis timendash Minimize the loss of target mass

CSDevelop this brickDevelop this brick

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

20μm

π-10GeVc

Electron ～ 100keV

Intrinsic resolution 　50nm

Emulsion film by FUJI Film

Deviation from linear-fit line (2D)sensitivity 36grains100micron

4

Cross-sectional view (SEM)

Plastic Base (205micron)

Emulsion Layer

Emulsion Layer (44micron) A minimal detectorAgBr Cristal Size = 02micron Detection efficiency = 016crystal

1013 channels in a film

2009610 4

102 cm

125 cm75 cm

10 X0

neutrino

OPERA　Film　times　57　plates

Lead　x　56　plates

OPERA　Film2 emulsion layers (44 m thick)

poured on a 205 m plastic base

1mm03mm

The　OPERA　target　consists　of

about　150000　bricks

Total　target　mass　125　kton

OPERA target amp main detector

ECC brick

Lead　plate

Hybrid target structureHybrid target structure

(CS)

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

Brick Manipulator System

Brick Wall and Brick Manipulation system

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Brick Manipulator System

Extract Brick and CS scan CSConfirm the event in the ECC brickDevelop brick and send to scanning labs

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

ECC validation by CS

bull Select proper ECC brick which contains neutrino interactionsndash Save analysis timendash Minimize the loss of target mass

CSDevelop this brickDevelop this brick

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

102 cm

125 cm75 cm

10 X0

neutrino

OPERA　Film　times　57　plates

Lead　x　56　plates

OPERA　Film2 emulsion layers (44 m thick)

poured on a 205 m plastic base

1mm03mm

The　OPERA　target　consists　of

about　150000　bricks

Total　target　mass　125　kton

OPERA target amp main detector

ECC brick

Lead　plate

Hybrid target structureHybrid target structure

(CS)

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

Brick Manipulator System

Brick Wall and Brick Manipulation system

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Brick Manipulator System

Extract Brick and CS scan CSConfirm the event in the ECC brickDevelop brick and send to scanning labs

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

ECC validation by CS

bull Select proper ECC brick which contains neutrino interactionsndash Save analysis timendash Minimize the loss of target mass

CSDevelop this brickDevelop this brick

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

Brick Manipulator System

Brick Wall and Brick Manipulation system

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Brick Manipulator System

Extract Brick and CS scan CSConfirm the event in the ECC brickDevelop brick and send to scanning labs

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

ECC validation by CS

bull Select proper ECC brick which contains neutrino interactionsndash Save analysis timendash Minimize the loss of target mass

CSDevelop this brickDevelop this brick

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

OPERA detectorSM1 SM2

Brick Manipulator System

Extract Brick and CS scan CSConfirm the event in the ECC brickDevelop brick and send to scanning labs

Target area (ECC + CS + TT)

Muon spectrometer (Magnet+RPC+PT)

ECC validation by CS

bull Select proper ECC brick which contains neutrino interactionsndash Save analysis timendash Minimize the loss of target mass

CSDevelop this brickDevelop this brick

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

ECC validation by CS

bull Select proper ECC brick which contains neutrino interactionsndash Save analysis timendash Minimize the loss of target mass

CSDevelop this brickDevelop this brick

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

CS Scanning StationsCS Scanning Stations

Nagoya (Japan)LNGS (Italy)

European Scanning System Super-UltraTrackSelector

11

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Parallel analysis of ECC bricksbull Validated bricks are sent to the scanning labs

ndash 10 scanning labs share the scanning (Increasing)

To Japan

Padova

To Mosccow

GS

Scanning station in LHEP Bern

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

11

ECC

Large area scan~100cm2

Point Scan~100x100m2

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash ECC Scanback ndash

CS TT

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

12Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

Lead

emul

sion

emul

sion

emul

sion

neutrino

Flow of Location ndash Volume Scan ndash

CS TTECCVolume scan topology analysis5 plates upstream10 plates downstream

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Located neutrino interactionEmulsion gives 3D vector data giving a micrometric precision of the vertexing accuracy(The frames correspond to scanning area Yellow short lines measured tracks The other colored lines interpolation or extrapolation The colors indicate the Z-depth in the module)

1 cm

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

1781019 pot

Status and prospect of Data taking

20082008 20092009

May 9th

Time

Extrapolation to end of 2009 run = 35 x 1019 POT

1931019 pot Sep 6th

Unix Time

pot

18 June

03 Nov

2006 0076x1019 pot 0 int Commissioning

2007 0082x1019 pot 38 int Commissioning

2008 178x1019 pot 1598 int First physics run

2009 193x1019 pot up to now (Sep 6th)

2036 int Extrapolation is 35x1019 pot at end of the run (~2 tau expected in total)

Nominal 45 x 1019 pot x 5 yeartotal 225 x 1019 pot

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Status of event location in ECC for 2008 run

Scanning for 2008 run will be completed by September 2009

with muon without muon Total

Events in target 1242 356 1598

Bricks developed 993 249 1242

Vertices located in ECC 738 135 873

Vertices located in the dead material 16 6 22

X (m)

Y (m)

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Impact parameters

IP = Distance from the reconstructed vertex

IP

Z

emulsionlead MCMC

DataData DataData

Z profile plot

ltIPgt

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Improvement of analysis speedin ECC validation by CS

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Av rsquo08Run 553 daysAv rsquo09Run 55 days

day

Red rsquo08RunBlack rsquo09Run

Most of events in 2009 are processed with in a few days

Long tail in 2008 run

day

(Zoom up)

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
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• Slide 7
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• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Gamma detection and π0 reconstruction

E ~05 GeV

E ~81 GeV

2 e-showers give a reconstructed mass ~ 160 MeVc2

70 of 1-prong hadronic tau decays include one or more 0 Important to detect gamma from tau decay to improve SN

Gamma detectiondetection of showerdetection e-pair at start point

π0 reconstruction is in progress

e-paire+ e-

hadron

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
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• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

muon

22 cm

7 mm

Primary vertex

Secondary vertex

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

bull CC interaction with hadronic re-interaction

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

6 reconstructed around the vertex

7 mm

22 cm

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
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• Slide 22
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• Slide 25
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• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

4 attached to primary vtx and well separated from secondary vtx

- IP at 1ry vtx 27 - 31 - 119 - 35 m - IP at 2ry vtx 260 -158 - 500 - 700 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

2 attached to secondary vtx and well separated from primary vtx

- IP at 2ry vtx 8 - 10 m - IP at 1ry vtx 1216 - 806 m

7 mm

22 cm

6 reconstructed around the vertex

muon

Example of Gamma to vertex attachment

Not only detection but also pointing of vertexNot only detection but also pointing of vertex

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Gamma study and MCdata comparison

preliminarypreliminary

preliminary

Gamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertexGamma multiplicity attached to 1ry vertex

IP of gamma to 1ry vertexIP of gamma to 1ry vertex dZ from 1ry vertex to start pointdZ from 1ry vertex to start point

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Analysis for located eventsbull 2008 run

ndash Nu-tau detectionbull 07 event observation is expectedbull Background 005 event

ndash Check nu-tau detection efficiency by detecting charmed particles (similar life time and mass with tau)

bull Charm particles are produced in nu-mu CC interactions (~45)

Particle

Mass(MeVc2)

Life　time　(10-15　s)

cτ　(micron)

τ 17769 291 871

D+ 18693 1040 3118

Ds+ 19682 500 1499

Λc+ 22865 200 599

CC-int

CC-int +charm production

Charm

e hadron

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Example of Detected Topologies 1Example of Detected Topologies 1

A Muon is isolated from the vertexmuon

(animation)Yellow short line is data Lines with other color are extension

IP wrt muon(micron)

IP wrt decay point(micron)

Momentum(GeVc)

Daughter1 370 05 13

Daughter2 135 04 23

1mm

muon

emulsion

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

muon

muon

Lead plate (1 mm)

Hypothesis (1) D0 candidate

Hypothesis (2) candidate

minimum kink angle 312 mradmuon momentum 17 GeVcDecay Pt gt 53 GeVc

Excluded by Pt Pt gt maximum decay Pt of (about 09 GeVc)

1ryvertex

1ryvertex

D0

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

bull A muon kink detected in rather short flight length

-

Kink angle 15 mradFL 18 mm

Tilted view

Beam view

-

Example of Detected Topologies 2Example of Detected Topologies 2

1ryvertex

18mm 6GeVcKink angle 15mrad Pt = 90MeVc

1ry vtx kink vtx

Em Em

bull Topology looks similar to tau decaybullKink angle = 7 sigma away from the resolution

bull Rejected by Kinematical analysis (Pt cut)bullPt cut for tau decay Ptgt250MeVcbullPossibly muon single large-angle scattering or hadronic particle decay (pi K) into muon

1ry vtx

kink vtx

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Current status for 2008 run

Branching ratio Number of candidates

1-prong 37 7

2-prong 30 5

3-prong 19 2

4-prong 7 1

Tau candidatesAnalysis ongoingNo candidate yet (07 expected 005 BG)

Charm candidatesAnalysis ongoing for located ~700 nu-mu CC eventsUp to now we have collected 15 candidatesAgreement with our expectation

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

A strong earthquake (MI=62) hit LrsquoAquila on April 6th 2009 The epicenter was 15 km away from the Gran Sasso laboratory 306 killed 1600 injured many houses collapsed 15000 buildings were damaged

OPERA found basically intact geometric measurements showed no significant alignment changes

Gran Sasso activities stopped for ~15 months

Big OPERA effort to let CNGS start with only 2 weeks delay

The LrsquoAquila earthquakeThe LrsquoAquila earthquake

28

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

30

TT and the earthquakeTT and the earthquake

amplitude of the oscillation ~10 mm

No　 other　 consequences　 of　 the　 earthquake　 were　observed　thanks　to　the　anti-seismic　studies　made　for　OPERA

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• Slide 5
• Slide 6
• Slide 7
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• Slide 12
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• Slide 15
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• Slide 18
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Slide 22
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

Summarybull The OPERA experiment is taking data in the CNGS beambull 178x1019 pot were collected during the first physics run in 2008

ndash 800 out of 1600 located in ECCndash Scanning to be finished this month

bull The analysis of 2008 data is in progressndash Expected detector performancesndash No nu tau signal yetndash Several charmed candidates are detected as expected

bull The evaluation of total efficiencies and background is ongoingbull In 2009 run 193x1019pot were already collected

ndash 45x1019 pot are requestedndash 35x1019 pot are expected at the end of the runndash Detection of ~2 nu-tau events is expectedhellipSOON

Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

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Charm candidate 51284 (di-muon event)

kink

x-view

1ryvertex 4 mm

13 mm

flight length 1330 micronkink angle 209 mradIP of daughter 262 microndaughter muon 22 GeVcdecay Pt 046 GeVc

1ry muon

daughter muon

(animation)

BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

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BACKUP

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

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• Slide 41

34Emulsion layers 44micron

Base　205micron

Base　205micron

125cm

OPERA film x 2

10cm

Neutrino beam

Changeable Sheet (CS)

600micron

160m

icro

n

OPERA film OPERA film

X Z

bull Pick up tracks from neutrino interactionbull Helps tagging ECC Saving Scanning load and Target Mass

Roles of CS

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

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• Slide 41

Scanning and reconstruction

Raw-tracks in each layer Reconstructed tracks between base

Base

Emulsion Emulsion

Computing

~ 5 min

Computing

~ 5 min

Reconstructed tracks between films

Analysis

Scanning ~ 10 min cm2

Most time consuming

Single base-track

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

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• Slide 37
• Slide 38
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• Slide 41

OPERA　signal　and　background

decay channel

BR () Signal m2 = 25 x 10-3 eV2

Background

177 29 017

e 178 35 017

h 495 31 024

3h 150 09 017

Total 104 075

Full mixing 5 years run 45x1019 pot year

Main background sources bull Production and decay of charmed particles bull Hadron re-interactionsbull Large angle muon scattering

Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

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Tau background by D0

bull Neutral charmed particle decay vertex mistaken as primary vertex in events where only a muon and D0 are produced at primary vertex

channel

Cut on the invariant mass to be used to reduce this background source

38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

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38

Momentum measurement in ECC by Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Pion 6 GeV

test beam

P M

CS (G

eV)

P beam (GeV)

Pion 2 GeV

Evaluate scattering of particles

Data from Test exposure to pion beamData from Test exposure to pion beam

Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

• Slide 1
• Slide 2
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Pt cut

Daughter particle of τ

Daughter particle of hadronic re-interactions

Pt(GeVc) Pt(GeVc)

MC MC

72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

-

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72853

40

muon single stop at pl 22

a vertex found 342 m upstreamfrom pl 22

minimum distance wrt muontrk 145 370 m (confirmed in CS)trk 206 135 m

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