status of women & girls in minnesota research …...status of women & girls in minnesota...

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StatuS of Women & GirlS in minneSota

research overview

June 2010

research & writing by the university of mn Humphrey institute’s Center on Women & Public Policy,

in partnership with the Women’s foundation of minnesota.

Acknowledgements Women’s Foundation of Minnesota & the University of MN Humphrey Institute’s Center on Women & Public Policy

Suzanne Elwell | Director, Crime Victim Justice Unit, MN Office of Justice Programs

Kathy Fennelly | Professor, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of MN

Carla Ferrucci | Executive Director, MN Association for Justice

Candice Harshner | Executive Director, Pro-gram for Aid to Victims of Sexual Assault

Mary Beth Hanson | Communications Director, Women’s Foundation of Minnesota

Suzanne Koepplinger* | Executive Director, MN Indian Women’s Resource Center

Katy Lehmann | MN Senate, Office of Sen. Sandy Pappas

Rep. Erin Murphy | MN House of Representatives

Susan Segal | City Attorney, City of Minneapolis

Cheryl Thomas* | Director of Women’s Human Rights, The Advocates for Human Rights

Natalie Volin | Political Director, Office of Congressman Al Franken

Kate Weeks | Research Consultant - DFL Caucus, MN House of Representatives

Terry Williams | Director of External Affairs, Women’s Foundation of Minnesota

Libby Wyrum | Committee Legislative Assistant, MN House of Representatives’ Public Safety Finance Committee

Honorable Lloyd Zimmerman | Judge, Hennepin County District Court

HEALTH & REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS Working Group

Laura Blubaugh | Committee Administra-tor, MN Senate Health, Housing & Family Security Committee

Katie Burns | Health Reform Director, MN Department of Health

Rachel Callanan | Senior Advocacy Director, American Heart Association-MN

Erin Ceynar | Director of Corporate Spon-sorships & Events, Women’s Foundation of Minnesota

Xiaoying Chen | Asian American Health Coordinator, MN Department of Health

Archelle Georgiou, M.D. | Board of Directors, Society for Women’s Health Research; Georgiou Consulting, LLC

Amy Godecker | Epidemiologist, City of Minneapolis

Kelli Johnson | Project Director, Health Policy & Management, University of MN

Vinodh Kutty | Coordinator, Hennepin County Office of Multicultural Services

June LaValleur | Associate Professor, Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Health, University of MN

Karen Law | Executive Director, Pro-Choice Resources

Mary Jo O’Brien | Midwest Program Development Regional Team Leader, Nurse-Family Partnership

Diane O’Connor* | Administrative Director, University of MN Deborah Powell Center for Women’s Health

Kate Perushek | Committee Administrator, MN House Healthcare & Human Services

Melanie Peterson-Hickey* | Senior Research Scientist, MN Dept. of Health’s Center for Health Statistics

Barbara Porter | Asst. Dean of Student Affairs, Mayo Medical School

Michael Resnick, Ph.D. | Director, Healthy Youth Development Prevention Research Center, Division of Adolescent Health & Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of MN

Sheila Riggs | Chair, Primary Dental Care, University of MN

Brigid Riley* | Executive Director, MN Organization on Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention & Parenting

April Shaw | Constituent Services Representative, Office of Congresswoman Betty McCollum

Bethany Snyder | Field Director, Office of Congressman Senator Al Franken

Lorraine Teel | Executive Director, Minnesota AIDS Project

POWER & LEADERSHIP Working Group

Mary Angela Baker | Director, Center for Continuing Education & Leadership Institute, St. Catherine’s University

Joyce Bono, Ph.D. | Associate Professor, Carlson School of Management, University of MN

Keesha Gaskins | Executive Director, League of Women Voters Minneapolis

Joan Growe* | Advisory Committee Member, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of MN

Trista Harris* | Executive Director, Headwaters Foundation for Justice

Duchess Harris* | Associate Professor of American Studies, Macalester College

Pham Thi Hoa, Executive Director, CAPI under Power and Leadership

Liz Johnson* | Midwest Regional Director, The White House Project

Sheila Kiscaden | Interim Director, Rochester Area Foundation

Nicole LaVoi | Associate Director, Tucker Center

Rep. Tina Liebling | MN House of Representatives

Becky Lourey | Co-Founder, Board Chair and COO, Nemadji Research Corp.

Sida Ly-Xiong | Consultant

Deborah White, Ph.D. | Dept. Chair & Professor, Dept. of Sociology & Criminal Justice, and Director, Tri-College NEW Leadership Development Institute, MN State University Moorhead

* Peer Reviewer of Report

A strong partnership is the foundation of Status of Women & Girls in Minnesota and we acknowledge the important contributions of the following people. Debra Fitzpatrick, director of the Center on Women & Public Policy, collected the data, produced new research, and wrote the full report and Research Overview.

We thank the following individuals for providing their expertise to the production of this report:

At the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota, Lee Roper-Batker, president & CEO, and Mary Beth Hanson, communications director, helped shape and edit the report’s content through production and to final publication.

Ali Anfinson, results measurement director, MN Dept. of Education; Suzie Brown, executive director, Child Care WORKS; Cyndi Cook, executive director, MN Coalition for Battered Women; Dave Cram Helwich, director of debate, MN Debate Team, University of MN; Miriam King, research assoc., and Trent Alexander, research

scientist, MN Population Center; Michael Resnick, PhD, director, Healthy Youth Devel-opment Prevention Research Center, University of MN; Glynis Shea, communications director, Konopka Institute for Best Practices in Adolescent Health, University of MN; and Terry Williams, director of external affairs, Women’s Foundation of Minnesota.

We thank the following community partners for their participation in the working groups:

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ECONOMIC JUSTICE Working Group

Cecilia Alvarez | Consultant, West Central Regional Sustainable Development Partnership, University of MN

Sara Benzkofer | Committee Administrator, MN House of Representatives’ Early Childhood Policy & Finance Committee

Amy Brenengen* | Director, Office on the Economic Status of Women

Jennifer Godinez | Associate Director, MN Minority Education Partnership, Inc.

Joanne Green | Assistant Finance Director, Surgical Administrative Center, University of MN

Maria Hanratty | Associate Professor, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of MN

Jennifer Keil | Associate Professor, Hamline University School of Business

Liz Kuoppala* | Executive Director, MN Coalition for the Homeless

Deborah Levison | Professor, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs

Trout Lowen | Editor, Minnesota Journal, MN Citizen’s League

Anita Patel | Director of Racial Justice & Public Policy, YWCA of Minneapolis

Lee Roper-Batker | President & CEO, Women’s Foundation of Minnesota

Rep. Nora Slawik | MN House of Representatives

Sen. Patricia Torres Ray | MN Senate

Rachel Vilsack | Regional Labor Market Analyst, MN Dept. of Employment & Economic Development

SAFETY & SECURITY Working Group

Marna Anderson | Executive Director, WATCH MN

Danette Buskovick* | Director, Statistical Analysis Center, MN Office of Justice Programs

Margaret Chutich* | Assistant Dean, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of MN

We thank The Minneapolis Foundation for providing funding toward this research.

The new decade was ushered in by several headlines exclaiming that women’s economic, political and social equality had largely been achieved. case- in-point, the Shriver Report (2009): “The Battle of the sexes is over. It was a draw.”

and in January 2010, the Economist magazine concluded that in a “quiet revolution,” women in rich countries are taking over the workforce. These headlines gloss over gross gender bias and unfairness that continues to produce the wage gap, land more women in poverty than men, result in systemic violence for women and girls, substandard health outcomes for all, and a lack of women in leadership across all sectors. since gaining the right to vote in 1920, women have made great strides toward equality. however, it is important to remember that the journey toward full equality for all women and girls is still young and far from achieved. we are still on the road to equality. while economic, political and social inequalities exist for all women in our state, even greater disparities exist for women of color, rural women, older women, women with disabilities, and women who identify as lesbian, bisexual or transgender. within the pages of this report, data illustrate the economic, safety, health and leadership realities for women and girls in the state. Economics: The wage gap short-changes Minnesota women and their families an average of $11,000 each year. Imagine what $11,000 more a year could afford, such as down payments for homes, better neighborhoods and health

care, higher quality childcare, or even a family vacation. Safety & Security: Minnesotans have settled for a “d” in safety, with one in three of our daughters, mothers and sisters surviving sexual or physical violence by mid-life. This preventable human tragedy deprives Minnesota women and girls their basic human right to safety and has devastating affects on their lives, futures, families and communities. Health: compared to the nation, Minnesota is relatively healthy. however, when you dig deeper, the disparities in the wellness gap are startling — disparate and unequal. addressing this gap with high-quality, affordable healthcare ben-efits for all Minnesotans is the remedy. Power & Leadership: women remain underrepresented in the Minnesota state house, courthouse and boardroom. Our economy and policies are compromised when we continue to leave half the state’s population on the sidelines. Through this research report, we provide the baseline for measuring where we need to apply our collective efforts and benchmark our continued progress on the road to equality in Minnesota. Launched in 2009, Status of Women & Girls in Minnesota is an ongoing collaborative research project of the women’s Foundation of Minnesota and the university of Minnesota humphrey Institute’s center on women & Public Policy. annually, data specific to Minnesota women and girls is gathered and analyzed in economics, safety and security, health and reproductive rights, and power and leadership.

StatuS of Women & GirlS in minneSota

research overview

The project represents a unique approach to research by using a gender-race-place-equity lens. Over 100 experts from academia, state and federal govern-ment, nonprofit and private sectors, elected bodies and philanthropy partici-pated in working groups and reviewed data on women and girls in Minnesota to identify the key issues outlined in this report, and proffer solutions (see Acknowledgements). The data reviewed and included here comes from published reports produced by government agencies and nonprofits, as well as original gender-based analysis of publicly available datasets (Minnesota student survey, Minnesota crime survey, Behavioral and risk Factor surveillance survey, and american community survey). In this era where progress for gender equality has flat-lined, we hope that this summary, and the full report from which it is drawn, will raise awareness about the important work left to do in our state to create equality for all women and girls. we will use this report as a much-needed jolt to jumpstart social change and inspire more of our citizens, philanthropists, teachers and leaders – women and men, alike – to join in the effort to create fairness, safety, wellness, and equality for all of Minnesota’s women and girls.

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Public Use Micordata Sample (PUMS) files U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000

US Census Bureau Regions for Minnesota In MInnesOTa, The ecOnOMIc LandscaPe FOr aLL wOMen reMaIns unequal. while women now make up a majority of the workforce and earn a majority of all post-secondary degrees, these changes have not translated into economic parity. affordable, quality childcare and housing are out of reach for many women, including those in the middle class. The wage gap shortchanges women, regardless of education, age or race/ethnicity. and in Minnesota, poverty remains a problem that dispropor-tionately affects female-headed households, women of color, and older women.

SECTION 1Economic Justice

At the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota, we believe that when women thrive, families and communities thrive.

wOrKFOrce

• Women make up the majority of Minnesota’s workforce. seventy-five percent (75%) of the state’s women with children at home now work, and 40% of Minnesota mothers are the primary

breadwinner for their family; 60% of native american and 59% of african american women with children in Minnesota earn the majority of their family’s income.1

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For the Full-Time, Year-Round, Civilian-Employed Population, 16 Years And Over, by Census Region and Gender

Region Census Region Men Women Ratio

West Edge 27100 $37,680 $27,497 73%

Northeast 27200 $40,736 $30,552 75%

East Central 27300 $40,736 $28,515 70%

Exurban Ring 27400 $45,828 $35,644 78%

Anoka/Washington

27500 $50,919 $41,754 82%

Carver/Scott Dakota

27600 $58,048 $40,736 70%

Hennepin 27710 $61,103 $45,828 75%

Minneapolis 27720 $45,013 $36,662 81%

Ramsey 27800 $47,151 $39,717 84%

Southeast 27900 $41,754 $33,607 80%

Table 1. Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months in Minnesota(in 2008 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars)

SECTION 1Economic Justice

waGe GaP

• All full-time working women in Minnesota earn less than white men. white, african american and Latina women earn $0.76, $0.61 and $0.56, respec-tively, on the dollar compared to white men; women with physical disabilities and non-citizens earn the least at $0.51 and $0.55 on the dollar compared to white men. 2

• The gap is largest in rural and some high-wealth suburban areas of the state (Table 1). Median incomes for Minnesota’s full-time working women ranges from a low of $27,497 on the western edge of the state to a high of $45,828 in hennepin county (exclud-ing Minneapolis). rural women earn approximately $10,000 less per year on average than their male counterparts.3

• Education often increases the gap. women now earn the majority of post-secondary degrees at all levels. however, Minnesota women with professional degrees (doctors, lawyers) and Master’s degrees face larger pay gaps than women with less edu-cation ($0.67 and $0.75 on a man’s dollar, respectively), resulting in an estimated $2 million lifetime loss in wages.4, 5

• The wage gap exists in every occu-pation, including those dominated by women (Table 2). In the high-paying healthcare field where women outnum-ber men three to one, women earn 60% of what men do.6 and over a woman’s working life, the wage gap grows.7

JOB cLusTerInG

• Occupational clustering contributes to the wage gap, threatens women’s economic security and stability, and compromises the productivity of Minnesota’s economy. Fifty-two per-cent (52%) of Minnesota women are employed in service and sales, where median salaries range from $24,697 to $33,744, hours are less predictable, and jobs less secure (Table 2).8

• Job sectors most likely to expand as a result of the “green transformation” of the US economy, and the educational pipelines to these “green jobs,” are almost entirely filled with men. Only 8.3% of Minnesota’s construction and building in-spectors, 14.3% of recycling/refuse workers and 27.6% of environmental engineers are women.9

• The proportion of Minnesota 12th grade girls planning to pursue vocational technical education, where preparation for many higher paying non-traditional jobs begins, is declining. From 1998 to 2007, the proportion of white girls fell from 13.6% to 5.3%, of native american girls from 20.7 to 8%, and Black girls from 15.1% to 4.6%.10

hOusInG

• Affordable housing is out of reach for most Minnesota female-headed families. sixty percent (60%) of female-headed households in rental housing and 46% of those who own their home are paying costs that exceed 30% of their income.11

• Women of color are most likely to receive high-cost loans of all types, even at upper income levels.12 Forty-two percent (42%) of middle- and upper-income african american women in the Twin cities held the highest cost subprime loans, compared to 12% of white men.

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Table 2. Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months in Minnesota (In 2008 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars), for Full-Time, Year-Round, Civilian-Employed Population 16 Years and Older, by Occupation

MEN WOMEN

% of male workforce

Median earnings(Full-time,

Year-Round)

% of Female

workforce

Median earnings(Full-time,

Year-Round)Ratio

Education training, and library occupations

2.81% $52,949 8.00% $41,311 78%

Sales and office occupations

18.07% $47,243 32.72% $33,744 71%

Service occupations 11.59% $32,750 19.64% $24,697 75%

Computer and mathematical occupations

4.04% $72,058 1.73% $60,732 84%

Architecture and engineering occupations

3.38% $68,533 0.62% $60,940 89%

Management occupations 12.83% $70,310 8.16% $54,306 77%

Health diagnosing and treating practitioners and other technical occupations

1.62% $100,001 6% $62,195 62%

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POVerTY

• Minnesota’s female-headed house-holds are more likely than other family configurations to be in poverty (Figure 1). sixty percent (60%) of native american, 46% of hispanic/Latina, 44% of african american, and 42% of asian female-headed households with children fall below the federal poverty line.13

• Senior women in Minnesota are at higher risk than senior men of falling below income levels needed to main-tain homes and meet basic needs. More than twice as many women over 65 than men live below the poverty line, earn-ing just over $11,233 a year in social security benefits.14

• Minnesota’s African American and Native American women experience much higher rates of poverty than the national average,15 while Minnesota poverty rates match the u.s. as a whole

WhiteNumber

% BlackNumber

% Native AmNumber

% AsianNumber

% HispanicNumber

% AllNumber

%

Under 18 years

Male 42,747 8.2 14,001 35.8 3,430 47.8 6,497 22.5 10,795 26.2 72,910 12%

Female 37,790 7.6 12,739 35.5 3,752 47.1 6,157 22.0 10,046 23.3 67,301 11%

18 to 64 years

Male 98,798 6.8 6,670 23.3 4,124 27.7 7,581 13.7 8,762 13.3 132,926 8%

Female 124,442 8.7 20,260 30.7 6,836 36.4 8,905 15.1 11,883 22.0 165,458 10%

65 years and over

Male 13,537 5.3 976 31.9 235 23.6 574 16.2 126 5.9 15,485 6%

Female 33,053 11.1 1,834 37.7 917 46.1 665 12.5 1,049 30.5 36,831 11%

Table 3. Proportion Minnesotans Living Below the Poverty Line by Gender, Race/Ethnicity and Age, 2008

Source: American Community Survey 2008, data obtained from published tables on Social Explorer

17.6%

37.2%

44.5%46.6%

28.5%

21.9%

44.0%

32.7%

43.7%46.1%

28.4%

42.3%

60.0%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Figure 1: Proportion of Families with Children under 18 in Poverty by Family Type and Race/ethnicity, Minnesota and US 2008

National Minnesota

17.6%

37.2%

44.5%46.6%

28.5%

21.9%

44.0%

11.1%

32.7%

43.7%46.1%

28.4%

42.3%

60.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Male Headed Female Headed Black Female Headed

Hispanic Female Headed

White Female Headed

Asian Female Headed

Native American Female Headed

Figure 1: Proportion of Families with Children under 18 in Poverty by Family Type and Race/ethnicity, Minnesota and US 2008

National Minnesota

US Married CoupleMN Married Couple

Source: Source: American Community Survey 2008, data obtained from published tables on Social Explorer

US MarriedCoupleMN MarriedCouple

Figure 1. Proportion of Families with Children Under 18 in Poverty by Family Type and Race/Ethnicity, Minnesota and US 2008

for white and Latina women. In 2008, 47% of native american children and 46% of native american women over 65 fell below the federal poverty line (Table 3).

• The federal poverty line significantly underestimates the number of struggling households in the state. The federal poverty line for a single mother with two children is $17,346, while bare-bones expenses for a similar family in Minnesota are estimated at $45,000 per year.16 Median income for Minnesota’s female-headed households with children was $26,000 in 2008.

WHAT YOU CAN DO in 30 minutes or less: Balance the economic scales for all women and girls.

• Join a WAGE Club (www.wageproject.org) to fight for fair wages for women.

• Learn more about how to negotiate for the wage you deserve: www.wageproject.org. Then, coach the girls and women in your life to do the same.

• Encourage your employer to conduct a gender equity audit. Information on conducting a self audit is available at http://bit.ly/c8p6Ca. The MN Dept. of Employee Relations Pay Equity Unit offers technical assistance at http://bit.ly/dgXMUW, Faith.Zwemke@ state.mn.us, 651-259-3761.

• Buy from women-owned, women-run businesses: www.wbenc.org.

• Join the Pay Equity Coalition of Minnesota; contact [email protected].

• Participate in Equal Pay Day (April, an-nually) and wear red as a symbol of how far women and communities of color are “in the red:” http://bit.ly/hBbWi

• Educate and encourage the girls in your life to pursue careers in science: www.womeninscience.org.

• Use your philanthropic power to invest in a state organization that supports a women’s economic justice issue you care about.

Child Care WORKS (Minneapolis) works to increase access for all children in Minnesota to high-quality childcare; build public will to ensure that childcare

is recognized as a key component to healthy communities; and advocate implementation of a statewide, childcare quality rating and improvement

system. The nonprofit is a grantee of the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota.

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49%

37%

15%11%

85%

27%

Figure 1:Price of Minnesota Accredited Childcare as a Percent of Median Family

Income, 2008

AffordableChildcare

49%

37%

15%11%

85%

27%

Single Mother with 1 Infant

Single Mother with 1

Preschooler

Two Parent Family with 1

Infant

Two Parent Family with 1 Preschooler

Single Mother with 2 in Care

Two Parent Family with 2 in

Care

Figure 1:Price of Minnesota Accredited Childcare as a Percent of Median Family

Income, 2008

AffordableChildcare(10% ofIncome)

Source: American Community Survey 2008, data obtained from IPUMS‐USA Minnesota Population Center,analysis by the Center on Women and Public Policy

Figure 2. Price of Minnesota Accredited Childcare as a Percent of Median Family Income, 2008

Source: American Community Survey 2008, data obtained from IPUMS-USA Minnesota Population Center, analysis by the Center on Women and Public Policy

AffordableChildcare(10% ofIncome)

Table 4. Proportion of Income for Accredited Childcare in Minnesota by Region and Family Type, 2008

Median IncomeMarried Family

% for InfantChild Care

% for PreschoolChild Care

Median IncomeFemale-headed

% for Infant Child Care

% for Pre-school Child Care

West Edge $63,344 14% 12% $18,331 49% 40%

Northeast $66,195 14% 11% $21,386 42% 34%

East Central $67,214 13% 11% $23,728 38% 31%

Southeast $75,361 12% 10% $29,533 30% 25%

chILdcare

• Minnesota has the third highest childcare costs in the country (Figure 2).17 In Minnesota, accredited care for one child exceeds average tuition and fees at public colleges and all other household expenses, including the mortgage for many families.18 childcare burdens are high across the state (Table 4). 1

Based in the Minnesota towns of Milaca, Princeton and Onamia, Teens Against Dating Abuse (TADA), a program of the Pearl Crisis Center, educates teens about teen dating violence. Girl-led and girl-driven, TADA’s programming links the extent to which family and dating violence undermines girls’ economic futures. TADA girls even took their case to the Minnesota Legislature and lobbied to ensure that middle school health cur-ricula included information about dating violence. The nonprofit is a grantee of the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota.

whILe we ceLeBraTe The wOrK OF adVOcaTes acrOss The sTaTe to reduce the number of women and children that suffer from sexual and physical violence each year, the data suggests that significant work remains. The related effects of this violence for women and girls — and particularly for women and girls of color — include mental health issues, such as depression and suicidal thoughts and attempts, teen pregnancy, and substance abuse. The normalization of violence in our culture exposes women and girls to date rape, domestic violence, and to girls being prostituted in our Minnesota

SECTION 2Safety & Security

At the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota, we aspire to a day when women and girls experience the world as a safe place.

• Minnesota girls face “hostile hall-ways.” Between 23-30% of 9th grade girls reported being touched, grabbed or pinched in a sexual way. More than

40% of african american, hispanic/Latina, native american and mixed-race girls reported “unwanted sexual comments, jokes and gestures.”19

seXuaL harassMenT BeGIns earLY aT schOOL

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Figure 3. Proportion of Minnesota Adult Victims of a Rape Crime Sometime in Life by Region, 2007Figure 4: Proportion of Minnesota Adult Victims of a Rape Crime Sometime

in Life by Region, 2007

30%

35%

Figure 4: Proportion of Minnesota Adult Victims of a Rape Crime Sometime in Life by Region, 2007

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


Northwest NortheastWest Central

East Central

Southwest Southeast Metro

Women 24.0% 31.5% 33.0% 22.6% 22.0% 18.1% 24.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%



East Central


Women 24.0% 31.5% 33.0% 22.6% 22.0% 18.1% 24.7%

Men 2.0% 4.0% 2.7% 2.4% 2.0% 1.3% 2.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


S 2008 Mi C i Vi i S l i b h C W d P bli P li


East Central


Women 24.0% 31.5% 33.0% 22.6% 22.0% 18.1% 24.7%

Men 2.0% 4.0% 2.7% 2.4% 2.0% 1.3% 2.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


Source: 2008 Minnesota Crime Victim Survey, analysis by the Center on Women and Public Policy. Sample size is small for some subgroups, rape crime includes attempted rape


East Central


Women 24.0% 31.5% 33.0% 22.6% 22.0% 18.1% 24.7%

Men 2.0% 4.0% 2.7% 2.4% 2.0% 1.3% 2.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%




seXuaL assauLT

• By the time they graduate, a significant number of Minnesota girls have been sexually assaulted by a date. Twelve percent (12%) of all 12th grade girls cite a date-related sexual assault on the Minnesota student survey.20

• Sexual assault is common on our college campuses. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of Minnesota’s female college students have been sexually assaulted in their lives.21

• By mid-life, 33% of Minnesota women have experienced a rape crime (Figure 3). The proportion of lifetime victims varies across the state, from 18% in southeast Minnesota, to a high of 33% in west central. native american women (42%) have experienced a rape or attempted rape at higher rates than white women (25%). asian women have the lowest rates at 9.4%.22

seXuaL aBuse OF GIrLs InsIde/OuTsIde The hOMe

• Sexual abuse is two to three times more common for girls than boys, both inside and outside the home, and peaks in the 9th grade (Figure 4). Overall, 11% of Minnesota girls and 4% of boys reported sexual abuse by family or others. reported rates are higher in rural north-ern and central areas of the state.23

• Girls of color are more frequently the victims of sexual abuse. as shown in Figure 4, 9th grade hispanic/Latina girls have the highest rate of familial sexual abuse (11.5%) and 9th grade native american girls have the highest rates of sexual abuse outside the home (19.5%).24

• Sexual abuse includes the prostitu-tion of children, mostly girls, through-out the state. research conducted for the initiative, A Future, Not a Past, showed that in February 2010 an estimated 80 girls under 18 were prostituted in Minnesota.25

reLaTed eFFecTs OF seXuaL VIOLence

• Minnesota girls in juvenile correc-tional facilities have the highest rates of sexual abuse: 39% outside the home and 28% at the hands of family (Figure 4).26

• Minnesota’s sexually abused girls are nearly three times more likely than other girls to have an emotional or mental health problem lasting more than a year. They are also twice as likely to be depressed, three times more likely to hurt themselves on purpose, two times more likely to contemplate suicide, and five times more likely to attempt suicide.27

• Minnesota boys who have been sexually abused are more likely to violently victimize others (Figure 5).28 Thirty-nine percent (39%) of sexually abused Minnesota boys (grades 9 and 12) reported that they had sexually or physically hurt someone they were

7

Figure 4. Proportion of Minnesota 9th Graders that have been Sexually Abused by Race and Gender, 2007

45

Figure 6: Proportion of Minnesota 9th Graders that have been Sexually Abused by Race and Gender, 2007

25

30

35

40

45


10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

American Indian

Black Hispanic Asian White Multiple Corrections

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45



American Indian


Non‐family member 5.3 19.5 6.6 11.7 4.1 14.2 2.8 8.4 2.1 7.1 5.2 14.9 9.0 39.0

Family member 1.7 9.7 3.6 5.6 3.1 11.5 1.5 4.1 1.1 3.3 3.7 8.5 8.0 28.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45



American Indian



Family member 1.7 9.7 3.6 5.6 3.1 11.5 1.5 4.1 1.1 3.3 3.7 8.5 8.0 28.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45



American Indian



Family member 1.7 9.7 3.6 5.6 3.1 11.5 1.5 4.1 1.1 3.3 3.7 8.5 8.0 28.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


going out with, compared to just 2% of other boys.29

• An estimated 60% of teen first pregnancies are preceded by experi-ences of molestation, rape, or attempt-ed rape.30 Minnesota 12th grade girls who have been abused are four times more likely to have been pregnant than those who have not, and sexually abused boys are almost nine times more likely to have been responsible for a pregnancy (Figure7).31

• Child sexual abuse leads to the prostitution and sex trafficking of Minnesota women and girls. research by the Minnesota Indian women’s resource center found that childhood sexual abuse set the stage for native american girls’ being prostituted, with the average age of entry at 14 years old, and some as young as nine.32

8

Source: Greater Twin Cities United Way and Office of Justice Programs, 2008 Minnesota Crime Survey analysis by Center on Women and Public PolicyIntimate partner violence defined as “spouse, former spouse, partner, boyfriend, or girlfriend harm you by pushing, shaking, slapping, kicking, punching, hitting or choking you, or harming you with an object or weapon

Figure 7: Proportion of Minnesota Students who Physically or Sexually Hurt Someone they were

Dating by Sexual Abuse Status 2007

40%

45%


Dating by Sexual Abuse Status, 2007

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%



15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%



0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%



Abused Not Abused

Male 39.0% 1.7%

Female 11 4% 2 8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%



Abused Not Abused

Male 39.0% 1.7%

Female 11.4% 2.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%



Source: Minnesota Student Survey Trend Database, analysis by Center on Women and Public Policy

Abused Not Abused

Male 39.0% 1.7%

Female 11.4% 2.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%




Figure 5. Proportion of Minnesota Students Who Physically or Sexually Hurt Someone They Were Dating, by Sexual Abuse Status, 2007

Source: Minnesota Student Survey Trend Database,analysis by Center on Women and Public Policy

Figure 6. Proportion of Minnesota Adults Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence During Lifetime, by Region and Gender, 2007

Figure 5: Proportion of Minnesota Adults Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence during Lifetime by Region and Gender, 2007

25%

30%

35%


15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%



East Central Southwest Southeast Metro

Women 28.4% 30.6% 30.7% 29.0% 23.9% 26.3% 24.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%




Women 28.4% 30.6% 30.7% 29.0% 23.9% 26.3% 24.2%

Men 5.1% 7.6% 4.1% 7.5% 4.5% 5.6% 6.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


Source: Greater Twin Cities United Way and Office of Justice Programs, 2008 Minnesota Crime Surveyl b d bl l



Women 28.4% 30.6% 30.7% 29.0% 23.9% 26.3% 24.2%

Men 5.1% 7.6% 4.1% 7.5% 4.5% 5.6% 6.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


Source: Greater Twin Cities United Way and Office of Justice Programs, 2008 Minnesota Crime Surveyanalysis by Center on Women and Public PolicyIntimate partner violence defined as "spouse, former spouse, partner, boyfriend, or girlfriend harm you by pushing, shaking, slapping, kicking, punching, hitting or choking you, or harming you with an object or weapon



Women 28.4% 30.6% 30.7% 29.0% 23.9% 26.3% 24.2%

Men 5.1% 7.6% 4.1% 7.5% 4.5% 5.6% 6.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


Source: Greater Twin Cities United Way and Office of Justice Programs, 2008 Minnesota Crime Surveyanalysis by Center on Women and Public PolicyIntimate partner violence defined as "spouse, former spouse, partner, boyfriend, or girlfriend harm you by pushing, shaking, slapping, kicking, punching, hitting or choking you, or harming you with an object or weapon

WHAT YOU CAN DO in 30 minutes or less: Create a world that is safe for all women and girls.

• Pay attention to the way others in your life talk about women and girls. Challenge racist, sexist and/or homophobic comments.

• Watch TV and movies with the children and youth in your life, and use instances of sexualization and objecti-fication to raise awareness.

• Boycott Craig’s List, the number one place that lists ads for escort services that prostitute girls and women.

• Boycott restaurants (ex., Hooters) and clothiers (ex., Abercrombie) that objectify girls and women.

• Don’t buy magazines that objectify women through ads or content.

• Visit www.girlpower.gov to educate yourself and the young women in your life about the tyranny of the unattain-able body image.

• Educate the men in your life about how they can help change boys’ atti-tudes (and their own) about sexual and domestic violence: http://bit.ly/awbyX3

• Educate yourself and others about child sex trafficking in Minnesota. Reach out to vulnerable girls and women in your life you think may be at risk.

• Consider staying at “clean hotels” that don’t offer pay-per-view pornogra-phy: http://bit.ly/bXbzQO .

• Call your child’s school and insist that sexual and domestic abuse is addressed in health education material.

• Support organizations working to end domestic and sexual violence in the state.

InTIMaTe ParTner VIOLence

• By their 40’s, approximately 33% of women in Minnesota have been a victim of intimate partner violence.33 significant levels of intimate partner violence occur across all socioeconomic backgrounds and all over the state, with some of the high-est levels in rural communities (Figure 6).

• Domestic violence is the second leading cause of homelessness among Minnesota women.34 Thirty-two percent (32%) reported that they were homeless in part due to an abusive relationship. homeless women are also more likely to be a victim of child-hood sexual abuse (40% compared to 13% of men) and physical abuse (44% versus 32%).

• Intimate partner violence can escalate in predictable and deadly ways. In 2009, 80% of women murdered in Minnesota were battered women killed by an intimate partner. well-documented factors that predict escalation to “lethal” levels of vio-lence were present in most of these cases.35

1

9

Figure 7. Proportion of Minnesota Students Experiencing Potential Sexual Consequences by Sexual Abuse Status, 2007


70%

Figure 8: Proportion of Minnesota Students Experiencing Potential Sexual Consequences by Sexual Abuse Status, 2007

50%

60%

70%


30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Male Female Male Female

Had sexual intercourse (Grades 9 and 12)

Been pregnant/made someone pregnant (Grade 12)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%





Abused 64.3% 55.4% 26.0% 12.6%

Not Abused 31.7% 27.0% 3.1% 3.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%





Abused 64.3% 55.4% 26.0% 12.6%

Not Abused 31.7% 27.0% 3.1% 3.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%






Abused 64.3% 55.4% 26.0% 12.6%

Not Abused 31.7% 27.0% 3.1% 3.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%



Figure 8. Proportion of Minnesota 12th Grade Girls that Exercise to Control Weight, 2007

Figure 8: Proportion of Minnesota 12th Grade Girls that

E i t C t l W i ht 2007

70

80


Exercise to Control Weight, 2007

40

50

60

70

80



10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80



1998 2007

American Indian 72.7 55.8

Black 69 8 40 0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80



1998 2007


Black 69.8 40.0

Hispanic 73.3 54.2

Asian 67.1 55.7

White 75 2 61 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80



1998 2007


Black 69.8 40.0

Hispanic 73.3 54.2

Asian 67.1 55.7

White 75.2 61.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80




1998 2007


Black 69.8 40.0

Hispanic 73.3 54.2

Asian 67.1 55.7

White 75.2 61.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80




SECTION 3Health & Reproductive Rights

acrOss MuLTIPLe IndIcaTOrs OF heaLTh and weLLness, ManY of Minnesota’s women and girls are at growing risk. The data reveal great health disparities for Minnesota women and girls of color. The impact of federal healthcare legislation on Minnesota’s uninsured women is unclear, but several provisions are likely to improve access. These include provisions that allow the young women up to 26 years old to remain on their parents’ healthcare insur-ance (the most likely age group to be uninsured); ban sex-based premiums; and prohibit insurers from denying coverage based on pre-existing conditions such as prior c-sections or domestic abuse.

At the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota, we envision a time when all women in Minnesota will have local, legal, affordable, and comprehensive health care.


PhYsIcaL heaLTh

• A majority of Minnesota adult women are now considered obese or overweight, and the rates are increas-ing. In 2008, 25% of Minnesota women were obese and 31% overweight, with greater Minnesota women at even higher risk.36

• Minnesota girls are less likely than boys to be physically active daily (10% of 12th grade girls compared to 24% of 12th grade boys) or participate in school sports (48% of 12th grade girls compared to 59% of 12th grade boys). exercise as a form of weight

Girl Farm, a program of the Women’s Environmental Institute at Amador Hill (North Branch), is a summer farming program for low-income, at-risk Twin Cities’ girls to learn sustainable farming and about healthy food choices for better health. The programming also explores how sexism, racism and classism (corporate industrial farming) in rural areas affects food access and food justice in the metro areas for economically challenged communities. The nonprofit is a grantee of the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota.

10

Table 5. Proportion of Minnesota Women that are Uninsured by Age and Region, 2008 ACS

Census Region

AGE

0-18 19-25 26-40 41-64 65 or older All

West Edge 8.2% 13.3% 9.5% 8.8% .4% 7.5%

Northeast 8.4% 26.7% 14.4% 10.0% .3% 10.5%

East Central 5.9% 13.8% 9.0% 7.9% .3% 7.0%

Exurban 6.3% 14.2% 6.0% 6.2% .3% 6.1%

Anoka Washington

6.7% 19.8% 7.7% 5.2% .4% 7.0%

Carver Scott Dakota

4.1% 9.1% 7.4% 4.0% 3.1% 5.1%

Hennepin 4.9% 16.4% 6.9% 4.8% .0% 5.4%

Minneapolis 8.1% 24.0% 19.1% 9.6% 2.4% 12.3%

Ramsey 4.2% 16.9% 12.0% 6.7% .0% 7.1%

Southeast 3.6% 14.5% 6.8% 5.3% .2% 5.3%

Source: MCSS, in Minnesota Cancer Facts and Figures 2009

50100150200250300350400450500

Per 10

0,00

0Figure 12:

Cancer Incidence and Mortality for Minnesota Women by Race/Ethnicity, 2001‐2005

African American

American Indian

Asian Hispanic White

Incidence 375.6 449.6 247.2 337 409.7

Mortality 175.2 240.8 114.3 84 152.6

050100150200250300350400450500

Per 10

0,00

0Figure 12:

Cancer Incidence and Mortality for Minnesota Women by Race/Ethnicity, 2001‐2005

Source: MCSS, in Minnesota Cancer Facts and Figures 2009

Figure 9. Cancer Incidence and Mortality for Minnesota Women byRace/Ethnicity, 2001--2005

control among girls is in decline, with the sharpest drops among girls of color (Figure 8).37

cancer

• While cancer mortality for Minnesota women overall is lower than the national average, Native American women here are two times more likely to die from cancer than Native American women nationally. native american women in Minnesota are 10% more likely to be diagnosed with cancer than white Minnesota women, but 58% more likely to die from it (Figure 9).38

• Minnesota’s African American women are 8% less likely than white women to get cancer, but 15% more likely overall to die from the disease: 20% more likely to die from lung cancer, 40% more likely from colon and rectum cancer, and 21% for breast cancer.39

• Cancer disproportionately affects women in the northeastern region of the state. Breast and cervical cancer incidence and lung cancer mortality are significantly higher for women in this region than the statewide average.40

access TO care

• Women of color are more likely to be uninsured than white women, with approximately 25% of Latina women falling into this category.41

• The rate of uninsured varies across the state and is highest among 19-25 year old women. within this age group, rates range from a high of 26% in northeastern Minnesota to a low of 9% in carver, scott and dakota counties (Table 5).42

• A majority of uninsured women in Minnesota work full-time. approxi-mately 61% of Latina women and 56% of asian women who are uninsured work more than 35 hours per week, earning a median income of $20,000.43

For a map of U.S. Census Bureau regions in Minnesota, see page 2.

11

WHAT YOU CAN DO in 30 minutes or less: Improve the health & well-being of Minnesota women and girls.

• Bring healthy food to your next family, work or community gathering.

• Take the stairs, park the car at the far end of the lot, walk to the store, bike, do yoga - just move your body! Encourage your kids, friends, family, colleagues to do the same.

• Mentor a girl or young woman in your life; caring relationships with adults help create resiliency.

• Create an ongoing, open dialogue with girls and boys in your life about reproductive and sexual health.

• Send a healthy e-card to a friend: http://bit.ly/9J2tr1.

• Invest in organizations that support or provide access to quality, affordable, comprehensive health and reproductive care for all women and girls.

CAPI (Minneapolis) leads Refugee & Immigrant Women for Change, a coalition of nonprofit organizations that includes the Liberian Women’s Initiative of Minnesota, Centro, Inc., Lao Assistance Center, SEWA-AIFW, and African Health Action Corporation. Together, the groups fight poverty and social inequalities through achievement of gender equality for refugee and immigrant women in Minnesota. The coalition is a grantee of the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota.

Source: Minnesota Department of Health, Health Prevention District = HPDist * Sample size under 100 for some regions and race/ethnicities

White Black Native American

Asian Hispanic

Northwest (HPDist1) 24.44 34.48 121.16 11.43 84.55

Northeast (HPDist2) 22.16 61.25 99.12 9.7 38.92

West Central (HPDist3) 22.09 49.02 137.91 12.63 75

East Central (HPDist4) 22.05 64.71 81.11 25.48 70.43

Southwest/Southcentral (5) 23.2 53.08 77.42 35.64 150.55

Southeast (HPDist6) 20.86 55.17 49.35 33.47 149.84

Metro (HPDist7) 13.76 72 86.71 52.15 106.77

Table 6. Birth Rate per 1,000, 15-19 Year Old Minnesota Women, 2003-2007

1998 2007

American Indian Male 30.1% 35.6%

Female 31.1% 43.9%

Black Male 25.7% 35.0%

Female 28.0% 47.2%

Hispanic or Latino Male 38.1% 34.8%

Female 30.0% 38.6%

Asian Male 42.2% 48.0%

Female 54.6% 52.8%

White Male 26.5% 28.4%

Female 29.2% 34.2%

Mixed Male 27.4% 35.1%

Female 30.6% 35.0%

Table 7. Proportion of Sexually Active Minnesota 9th Graders that Never Use Any Birth Control

rePrOducTIVe heaLTh

• Teen birth rates in Minnesota are drastically higher for girls of color than for white girls. For Minnesota’s native american and asian teens, the birth rate is almost double the national average (107.9 compared to 59 births per 1,000 among native americans and 49.8 versus 17.3 for asians).44

• Birth rates for white girls are highest in greater Minnesota (Table 6). among white teens, birth rates are higher in rural areas (2003-2007) than in the metro area.45

12

Figure 10. Proportion of Minnesota 9th Graders Thinking About or Attempting Suicide, 2007Figure 10:Proportion of Minnesota 9th Graders Thinking About or Attempting Suicide, 2007

50

60

Figure 10:Proportion of Minnesota 9th Graders Thinking About or Attempting Suicide, 2007

30

40

50

60


10

20

30

40

50

60


Native American

Black Hispanic Asian White Mixed Total

Suicidal Thoughts Boys 23.5 16.8 16.7 18.2 17.7 26.9 18.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Native American



Suicidal Thoughts Girls 47.6 25.0 36.4 33.2 29.8 45.6 31.4

Suicide Attempt Boys 11.0 7.7 5.8 5.3 4.0 9.1 4.8

Suicide Attempt Girls 21.0 7.0 16.2 8.3 7.7 16.5 8.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Native American






0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Source: Minnesota Student Survey Trend Database, analysis by the Center on Women and Public Policy

Native American






0

10

20

30

40

50

60



• While fewer 9th graders in Min-nesota have sexual intercourse, risky behaviors have been on the rise since 1998 for sexually active teens (Table 7). Forty-seven percent (47%) of sexually active 9th grade african american girls never use any form of birth control; 31% of white girls never talk with their partner about preventing pregnancy. sexually active asian girls and boys are least likely to talk about or use birth control.46

• Risky behaviors contribute to high rates of STD infections among Minnesota’s adolescent girls (aged 15-19). The rate of increase in chlamydia among the state’s teen girls doubled from 3% (2005-2006) to 7.7% (2006-2007).47 adolescent girls (aged 15-19) represent 7% of Minnesota’s popula-tion, but 30% of chlamydia cases.48

MenTaL heaLTh• Girls of color and lesbian/bisexual girls are more likely to experience mental health challenges. approximately 46% of 9th grade native american girls and 60% of lesbian/bisexual girls have hurt themselves on purpose, compared to 26% of the state’s 9th grade girls, overall. One in five white 9th grade girls, a quarter (25.2%) of Black and a third or more of other 9th grade girls of color self-report depression: native girls, 46%; Latina girls, 32%; and asian girls, 31%.49

• Almost twice as many Minnesota girls report suicidal thoughts or at-tempted suicide as boys (Figure 10). Girls of color, abused girls, and girls who have had one or more female sexual partners are especially at risk: in 2007, 21% of 9th grade native girls,

16% of Latina 9th grade girls, and 37% of lesbian/bisexual girls (grades 9 and 12) attempted suicide. approximately 28% of sexually abused white 9th grade girls attempted suicide, with higher rates among Latina (42%) and native american (36%) girls and lower rates among african american girls (23%).50

• Women and girls of color are less likely than their white counterparts to receive therapeutic treatment.51 Fifty-seven percent (57%) of african american girls and 51% of asian girls who reported a mental or emotional problem lasting a year or more had not received treatment, compared to 33% of white girls.52 1


13

SECTION 4Power and Leadership

At the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota, we look forward to the day when women enjoy equal influence at all levels of government, business and nonprofits, bringing new per-spectives and expertise that advance equality and justice.

aT aLL LeVeLs OF LeadershIP, FrOM schOOL BOards TO cOunTY commissions and from the Legislature to Fortune 500 companies, women remain conspicuously underrepresented across the nation. In Minnesota, progress for wom-en leaders has flat-lined in most professions, and in some areas, is on the decline. a growing body of research shows that the most productive companies have the most women in leadership. diverse women leaders also signal to our girls that their options are limitless and to our boys that women are equals. In this global economy, we cannot afford to leave any of the state’s talent on the sidelines.

33.6 34.935.5

37 37.637.2

25.1 24.5 24.526

28.1

27.3

14.5 14.5 14.415.9

13.215

20

25

30

35

40

Figure 14: Proportion of Women Serving on Minnesota Local Government Bodies, 1998‐2008

School Board

City Council

Mayor

County Commission

33.6 34.935.5

37 37.637.2

25.1 24.5 24.526

28.1

27.3

14.5 14.5 14.415.9

13.214.8

15.213.2 12.3 12.1 11.4 11.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Figure 14: Proportion of Women Serving on Minnesota Local Government Bodies, 1998‐2008

School Board

City Council

Mayor

County Commission

Source:MinnesotaLegislative Officeon the EconomicStatus of Women

Figure 11. Proportion of Women Serving on Minnesota Local Government bodies, 1998-2008

POLITIcaL POwer

• More than 50% of Minnesota’s coun-ty commissions do not include a single woman, and the percentage of women commissioners is in decline (Figure 11).

• Between 2006 and 2008, the propor-tion of Minnesota’s women city council members dropped 1 percent, from 28%

to 27% (Figure 11). a quarter of our city councils have no women and 55% of those that have women, have only one.

• Even on Minnesota school boards, men outnumber women. since 2004, only 37% of the state’s school board members have been women.53

The White House Project (Minnesota) works across the state to engage and prepare greater Minnesota and metro women in the political process as voters, activists and candidates through train-ings, inspiration and networking. The nonprofit is a grantee of the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota.

Source: Minnesota Legislative Officeon the EconomicStatus of Women

14

• Minnesota has never had a woman governor. In 2010, speaker of the Minnesota house, rep. Margaret anderson Kelliher, became the first woman to receive major party endorsement for governor.

• A recent decline in the number of women candidates for the state Legislature does not bode well for reaching parity at this level.54 at 34%, Minnesota is a national leader (4th in the country) in the proportion of women serving in our state Legislature. But progress has stalled, well short of women’s share of the population.55

• Overall averages mask the fact that large parts of greater Minnesota are not rep-resented by women at all. Most of the 16 senate districts (24% of all senate districts) that did not have a single woman candidate from 1997-2008 are in greater Minnesota,

Figure 12. Proportion of Minnesota Local Elected Officials Holding Leadership Positions Prior to Running for Office by Gender and Organization Type, 2009

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Figure 16: Proportion of Minnesota Local Elected Officials Holding Leadership Positions prior to Running for Office by Gender and Organization Type, 2009

Political PartyPolitical

CampaignsLabor Unions Business Education Nonprofit Faith‐Based

Community/ Neighborhood

Women's

women 9% 12% 6% 15% 24% 33% 34% 41% 21%

men 8% 9% 10% 15% 8% 20% 25% 31% 1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Figure 16: Proportion of Minnesota Local Elected Officials Holding Leadership Positions prior to Running for Office by Gender and Organization Type, 2009

Source: Center on Women and Public Policy, 2009 survey of local elected officials

Figure 13. Minnesota Fortune 500 Type of Executive Positions by Gender, 2008

Source: Center on Women and Public Policy analysis of publicly available data

CFO

HR

Figure 17: Minnesota Fortune 500

Type of Executive Positions by Gender, 2008

Women

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

CEO

CFO

HR

Figure 17: Minnesota Fortune 500

Type of Executive Positions by Gender, 2008

Women

Men

Source: Center on Women and Public Policy analysis of publicly available data

in the northern and western areas of the state.56 a similar pattern occurs at the local level.

• Women of color and LBT (Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender) women are very uncommon at all levels of government. at the legislative level, there is one Latina; the only hmong woman retired in 2010, and the only african american woman in 2008; and there is one openly gay lesbian. no woman of color has ever held statewide elected office.

• While women running for the state Legislature are winning at equal rates to men, women candidates and elected officials are more qualified by some measures than their male counterparts.57 women were more likely to hold lead-ership roles in almost all sectors before running (Figure 12).58

Source: Center on Women and Public Policy, 2009 survey of local elected officials

15

BusIness

• None of Minnesota’s 21 Fortune 500 companies are led by a woman, and women make up less than 20% of most corporate boards in the state. approximately 27% of our top 100 companies have no women directors and 32% have no women corporate officers; and from 2008 to 2009, these percentages declined.59

• Most of the executive officers in Minnesota’s 100 largest publicly held companies hold human resource titles and not financial titles; 66% of Minnesota’s Fortune 500 human resources executive officers are women, but only 16% of chief Financial Officers (Figure 13).60

Law

• Once the majority of Minnesota’s seven-member Supreme Court, women now hold just two seats. with the exception of the Minnesota court of appeals, the proportion of women on the state bench has stalled at around 29% (Figure 14). representation in some rural areas, such as western Minnesota’s 8th judicial district, drops to 10% (one woman).61

• Only one woman has ever been appointed to the Federal 8th Circuit Court of Appeals. This powerful court, which includes Minnesota, sits just below the u.s. supreme court and has the worst gender diversity of any circuit court in the country.62 1

WHAT YOU CAN DO in 30 minutes or less: Help diversify power and leadership in Minnesota.

• Step into your own leadership and encourage other women to do the same. Run for elected office, go for a work promotion, negotiate your salary, join a corporate or nonprofit board — just do it!

• Suggest a woman colleague for a promotion where you work.

• Visit www.womenwinning.org to learn about women running for office. If you like them, support them by donating to their campaign.

• Sponsor a woman to participate in The White House Project’s (www.thewhitehouseproject.org) and/or Tri-College NEW Leadership Institute’s (www.tri-college.org) training.

• Launch a women’s leadership net-work at your company and build your own network.

• Support organizations that build power and leadership for all women and girls in Minnesota.

Figure 14. Proportion of Women Judges in Minnesota, 1985-2008

Source: American Bench, 2006-09 Gender Ratio summaries, American Bench, 1990-2005;Minnesota Legislative Manual, 1985-89, analysis by Center on women and Public Policy

1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Figure 18: Proportion of Women Judges in Minnesota, 1985‐2008

1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

All State Judges 9% 15% 21% 24% 27% 27% 28% 29% 29%

State District Court 5% 13% 19% 23% 26% 26% 27% 27% 28%

State Appeals Court 25% 19% 25% 19% 31% 31% 38% 38% 47%

Supreme Court 25% 57% 43% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Figure 18: Proportion of Women Judges in Minnesota, 1985‐2008

Sources: American Bench, 2006‐09 Gender Ratio Summaries; American Bench, 1990‐2005; Minnesota Legislative Manual, 1985‐89, analysis by Center on Women and Public Policy

Tri-College NEW Leadership Development Institute (Moorhead) convenes an annual five-day residency conference to engage

women in developing leadership skills in grassroots community organizing, community activism, and running for elected office. The

nonprofit is a grantee of the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota.

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1american community survey 2008, data obtained from IPuMs-usa (http://usa.ipums.org/usa/) and analyzed by the center on women and Public Policy, humphrey Institute of Public affairs, university of Minnesota (acs IPuMsusa 2008)2american community survey 2008, published tables obtained from social explorer (http://www.socialexplorer.com/pub/home/home.aspx) and analyzed by the center on women and Public Policy, humphrey Institute of Public affairs, university of Minnesota (acs se 2008)3acs IPuMsusa 20084waGe Project, www.thewageproject.org5acs se 20086acs se 20087acs IPuMsusa 20088acs-IPuMsusa 20089Minnesota Office on the economic status of women, “women and Green Jobs in Minnesota,” available at: http://www.oesw.leg.mn/10Minnesota student survey Trends database, 2007, ana-lyzed by the center on women and Public Policy, humphrey Institute of Public affairs, university of Minnesota (Mss 2007)11acs-IPuMsusa 200812Income is no shield, Part III: assessing the double Burden: examining racial and Gender disparities in Mortgage Lending, available at: http://www.expandcra.org/resources/reports-and-research-library/income-is-no-shield-part-iii-062009.html13acs se 200814Minnesota women’s consortium and wider Oppor-tunities for women, “elders Living on the edge: when Meeting Basic needs exceeds available Income in Min-nesota, 2009,” available at (http://www.wowonline.org/ourprograms/eesi/state-resources/documents/MnPolicy Brief_FInaL.pdf)15acs 200816JOBs nOw coalition, “The Job Gap, Family Budgets: The cost of Living in Minnesota,” 2008 available at: http://www.jobsnowcoalition.org/verticalsites/ %7B9F1d3c88-376F-4061-9B43F420d6164008%7d/ uploads/cOLM_08_final.pdf17national association of childcare resource and referral network, Parents and the High Price of Childcare, 2009 Update, available at: http://www.naccrra.org/publications/naccrra-publications/parents-and-the-high-price-of-child-care-200918national association of childcare resource and referral network, Parents and the High Price of Childcare, 2009 Update, available at: http://www.naccrra.org/publications/naccrra-publications/parents-and-the-high-price-of-child-care-200919Mss 200720Mss 200721Boynton health service, 2009 college student health survey report, available at: http://www.bhs.umn.edu/healthdata/results/index.htm

22Minnesota crime survey, data collected and obtained from the Minnesota department of Public safety, Office of Justice Programs (OJP)and the Greater Twin cities united way, analysis by OJP and the center on women and Pub-lic Policy, humphrey Institute of Public affairs, university of Minnesota (Mn crime survey 2008)23Mss 200724Mss 200725a Future, not a Past Project Minnesota data collection, available from the women’s Foundation of Minnesota.26Minnesota department of Public safety, Office of Justice Programs (OJP), Youth in Minnesota correctional Facili-ties: responses to the 2007 Minnesota student survey, available at: http://www.ojp.state.mn.us/cj/publications/reports/2009_Youth_in_correctional_Facilities.pdf27Mss 200728walrath, c., Ybarra, M., holden, w., Liao, Q., santiago, r., & Leaf, r. (2003). children with reported histories of sexual abuse: utilizing multiple perspectives to understand clinical and psychological profiles. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 509-524. 29Mss 200730saewyc, e.M., Magee, L.L., & Pettingall, s.e. (2004). Teenage pregnancy and associated risk behavior among sexually abused adolescents. Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health , 36(3), 98-105.31Mss 200732Minnesota Indian women’s resource center, Shattered Hearts: The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of American Indian Women and Girls in Minnesota, available at http://www.miwrc.org/sex-Trafficking-report-released33Mn crime survey 200834wilder Foundation, “Overview of homelessness in Minnesota 2006: Key facts from the statewide survey,” april 2007, available at http://www.wilder.org/reportsummary.0.html?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=196335Minnesota coalition for Battered women, 2009 Femicide report, available at: http://www.mcbw.org/files/u1/2009_Femicide_report_FInaL.pdf36Behavioral risk Factor surveillance system, http://www.cdc.gov/BrFss/, analysis by the center on women and Public Policy37Mss 200738american cancer society 2009, Minnesota Cancer Facts and Figures 2009, available at: http://www.mncanceraliance.org/sites/528d17b0-2c73-45c9-894d-872fc0beac4e/uploads/2009_Mn_cancer_Facts___Figures.pdf39american cancer society 2009 40american cancer society 200941Minnesota department of health “health Insurance coverage in Minnesota, early results from the 2009 Minnesota health access survey,” available at: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hpsc/hep/publications/coverage/2009resultshas.pdf and american community survey 2008, data obtained from IPuMs-usa (http://usa.ipums.org/usa/) and analyzed by the center on women and Public Policy, humphrey Institute of Public affairs, university of Minnesota

42acs-IPuMsusa 200843acs-IPuMsusa 200844Minnesota Organization on adolescent Pregnancy, Prevention and Parenting, Minnesota adolescent sexual health report 2009, (MOaPPP 2009) available at: http://www.moappp.org/documents/2009adohealthreport.pdf45Minnesota department of health, analysis by Judy Palermo46Mss 200747MOaPPP 200948MOaPPP 200949Mss 200750Mss 200751us department of health and human services, Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, available at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/home.html52Mss 200753Minnesota Legislative Office on the economic status of women, women in elected Offices of Minnesota Local elected Bodies, available at: http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/oesw/wmnpuboff/localgov09ve.pdf54sally J. Kenney et al, “are we Progressing Toward equal representation for women in the Minnesota Legislature,” cura reporter, Fall/winter 2009, available at: http://www.cura.umn.edu/reporter/09-Fall-wint/Kenney_et_al.pdf55Minnesota Legislative Office on the economic status of women, “women in the Minnesota Legislature (at http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/oesw/wmnpuboff/2008.pdf) 56database of Minnesota Legislative candidates between 1998-2008 compiled by the center on women and Public Policy and the department of Political science, university of Minnesota, analysis by Libby sharrow, department of Political science57survey of Minnesota local elected officials conducted by the center on women and Public Policy in 2009, analysis by center on women and Public Policy58survey of Minnesota local elected officials conducted by the center on women and Public Policy in 2009, analysis by center on women and Public Policy59rebecca hawthorne and Joann Bangs, Minnesota Census of Women in Corporate Leadership 2009, st. catherine university, available at: http://www.stkate.edu/mn_census /09/3_executive_summary.html60Publicly available information on Minnesota companies, analysis by the center on women and Public Policy, 201061american Bench, 2006-09 Gender ratio summaries; american Bench, 1990-2005; Minnesota Legislative Manual, 1985-89, analysis by the center on women and Public Policy, 200962Kelly weise, “worst diverse,” Missouri Lawyers Weekly, June 8, 2009, available at: http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/wpp/infinity/pdf/mo_layers_weekly.pdf

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