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Std. X

mebmke=Àle - cekeÀjvo:

(For Sanskrit Composite Course)

Based on New Paper Pattern of Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher

Secondary Education, Pune.

Printed at: Repro Knowledgecast Ltd., Mumbai

10182_10931_JUP

P.O. No. 28406

Salient Features :

• Solved textual exercises with reasoning especially in grammar.

• Strictly based on the latest paper pattern of Std. X.

• Inclusive of Extra Important Questions.

• Sentence wise translation of prose section.

• Grammar topics described in a stepwise pattern.

• Includes Board Krutipatrika Prarup, Pratidarsha Krutipatrika

PREFACE Whenever you read a good book, somewhere in the world a door opens to allow in more light.

– Vera Nazarian. Sanskrit is a language, so ancient and so full of history that it lies at the heart of India. It is in the very ebb and flow of Hinduism and Buddhism, old and culturally rich religions. Most Indian languages have their roots buried deep in Sanskrit. Upheld as the language of Gods, Sanskrit transcends and persists throughout history. There is a popular belief, however, that Sanskrit is a challenging language to master. If you manage to overlook this, you will see the beauty of this historical language. Through Target Publication’s Std. X: Sanskrit-Makarand, based on Maharashtra State Board’s new paper pattern, I have tried to ease the mammoth task of learing Sanskrit. It is critically analysed and extensively drafted to boost the student’s confidence. The book is divided into four parts keeping in mind the new paper pattern. The textual extracts have been carefully translated and explained. A range of all possible questions concerning the text have been constructed and duly answered. This book comprises of extensive notes on all the sections of the new paper pattern. These notes are meticulously structured so that they cover every aspect of a question, providing students with answers to any type of question frameable. The book also includes uesKevekeÀewMeueced (Kathapurti,

Make sentences). Moreover, this book efficiently deals with sizeable explanations of complex textual matter. I express my deepest gratitude to ‘I.E.S. Sanskrit Kendra, Dadar’ for their support and cooperation. I am greatly indebted to Mrs. Ashwini Damle for her exemplary support in the making of this book. This book would not have come into being without her constant and unwavering assistance. I also owe thanks to Mrs. Tarangini Khot for her moral support, encouragement and constructive guidance in the preparation of this book. She has bestowed all her knowledge in making this book preeminent. And finally, I am thankful to all my dear students, who are my true inspiration for teaching Sanskrit. A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.

Best of luck to all the aspirants! Author, Maithilee Potnis

PER ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe³ee: ÒeeªHeced DeJeefOe: nesjeܳeced~ iegCee : 40

ÒeLece: efJeYeeie:- ieÐeced~ (DeJeyeesOeveced, MeyomecHeefÊe:)

ke=Àefle: 1. De. ieÐeebMeb HeefþlJee efveefo&<ìs: ke=Àleer kegÀ©le~ De 1. DeJeyeesOeveced~ (kesÀçefHe 2 ke=Àleer kegÀ©le~) 2

(80-100 MeyoHeefjefcele: ieÐeebMe:~)

De 2. mJeceleÒekeÀìveced ceeO³eceYee<e³ee~ (ÒeMvej®evee mebmke=ÀleYee<e³ee) 2

ke=Àefle: 1. ye. ieÐeebMeb HeefþlJee efveefo&<ìs: ke=Àleer kegÀ©le~ ye 1. DeJeyeesOeveced~ (kesÀçefHe 2 ke=Àleer kegÀ©le~) 2

(80-100 MeyoHeefjefcele: ieÐeebMe:~) ye 2. He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced (Je=#ejsKeeef®e$eced / peeuejsKeeef®e$eced~/ mlecYeHetjCeced~) 2

ke=Àefle: 1. keÀ. ieÐeebMeb HeefþlJee efveefo&<ìs: ke=Àleer kegÀ©le~ keÀ 1. He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ (kesÀJeueb ¬eÀcemeb³eespeveced) 2

(80-100 MeyoHeefjefcele: ieÐeebMe:~) keÀ 2. Meyo%eeveced~ (kesÀçefHe 2 ke=Àleer kegÀ©le~) 2

DeJeyeesOevem³e ke=Àle³e: i, ii, iii ke=Àle³e: Òe<ìJ³ee:~ i. Gef®eleb He³ee&³eb ef®elJee Jeeke̳eb Hegveefue&Kele~ ii. keÀ: kebÀ Jeoefle~ / HetCe&Jeeke̳esve GÊejb efueKele~ iii. mel³eb Jee Demel³eb / ³eesi³eb Jee De³eesi³eb efueKele~ Meyo%eevem³e ke=Àle³e: i, ii, iii Òe<ìJ³ee:~ i. He³ee&³eMeyoe: / efJeueesceMeyoe: / efYeVeeLe&keÀMeyoe: ke=Àle³e: - ®e³eveced / cesueveced / mecetnslejHeom³e / ®elegLe&Heom³e uesKeveced~ ii. efJeMes<eCe - efJeMes<³e - DeeqvJeefle:~ ke=Àle³e: - ®e³eveced / cesueveced / ®elegLe&Heom³e uesKeveced~ iii. OeelegmeeefOele - DeJ³e³eeveeb ®e³eveced~ (lJeevle / u³eyevle / legcevle) / efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeveeb ®e³eveced~

efÜleer³e: efJeYeeie:- HeÐeced~ (DeJeyeesOeveb, MeyomecHeefÊe:, jmeûenCeced, mcejCeced)

ke=Àefle: 2.De. HeÐeebMeb HeefþlJee efveefo&<ìs ke=Àleer kegÀ©le~ De 1. He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ (Je=#ejsKeeef®e$eced / peeuejsKeeef®e$eced / mlecYeHetjCeced / ¬eÀcemeb³eespeveced~) 2

(4-8 He*deqkeÌleHeefjefcele: HeÐeebMe:~)

De 2. Meyo%eeveced~ 1 ke=Àefle: 2. ye. HeÐeebMeb HeefþlJee efveefo&<ìs ke=Àleer kegÀ©le~ (4-8 He*deqkeÌleHeefjefcele: HeÐeebMe:~)

ye 1. DeJeyeesOeveced~ 1 ye 2. leelHe³e&uesKeveced / mHe<ìerkeÀjCeced (ceeO³eceYee<e³ee) 2

keÀ. mcejCeced~ keÀ 1. MueeskeÀebMeeved cesue³ele~ 2 keÀ 2. MueeskeÀHetefle&: (kesÀJeueb 1) 2 Meyo%eeveced- He³ee&³eMeyoe: / efJeueesceMeyoe: / efYeVeeLe&keÀ Meyoe: ke=Àle³e: - ®e³eveced / cesueveced / mecetnslejHeom³e / ®elegLe&Heom³e uesKeveced~ DeJeyeesOeveced - HetCe&Jeeke̳esve GÊejb efueKele~ mHe<ìerkeÀjCeced - HeÐeebMem³e ceO³eJeefle&keÀuHeveeb / mebkeÀuHeveeb ceeO³eceYee<e³ee mHe<ìb kegÀ©le~

le=leer³e: efJeYeeie:- J³eekeÀjCeced~ (5 GHeÒeMvee: uesKeveer³ee:~ GHeÒeMves 6 He³ee&³ee: efJeÐevles~ les<eg 4 He³ee&³ee: uesKeveer³ee:)

De veece / meJe&veeceHeoevebe He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ (keÀes<ìkeÀ HetjCeced) 2

(ÒeeOeev³esve oMeceerkeÀ#ee³ee: ke=Àles efve³eesefpeleeefve veeceeefve leLee Sleled meJe&, Dev³e, Foced, Demceod, ³eg<ceod meJe&veeceeefve) ye ef¬eÀ³eeHeoeveeb He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ (keÀes<ìkeÀ HetjCeced) 2 (ÒeeOeev³esve oMeceerkeÀ#ee³ee: ke=Àles efve³eesefpeleeveeb Oeeletveeb keÀeueeLe& ªHeeefCe leLee Hejes#eYetlekeÀeue:, efÜleer³e: YeefJe<³elkeÀeue:) keÀ meceemee:~ 2 ke=Àleer-mecemleHeoeveeb / efJeûenJeeke̳eeveeb meceemeveeceefYe: men cesueveced / efjkeÌlemLeeveHetefle&: [ GHeHeoefJeYeeqkeÌle:~ 2

ke=Àefle: Gef®eleb He³ee&³eb ef®elJee Jeeke̳eb Hegveefue&Kele~ F meefvOeb / meefvOeefJeûenb kegÀ©le~ 2

ke=Àle³e: ®elegLe&Heob efueKele / HetJe&Heob efueKele / GÊejHeob efueKele~ Gef®eleb He³ee&³eb ef®elJee efueKele~ HeÀ me*dK³eeJee®ekeÀefJeMes<eCeeefve~ (J³eekeÀjCeefJeJes®eveced 7) 2

ke=Àefle: efjkeÌlemLeeveHetefle&:~

®elegLe&: efJeYeeie:- uesKevekeÀewMeueced~ De. Jeeke̳eefvecee&Ceced~ leeefuekeÀele: Meyoeved ef®elJee DeLe&me*dieleeefve 4 Jeeke̳eeefve efueKele~ 4 ye. keÀLee / Heefj®ísoHetefle&:~ ce¡et<eele: Gef®eleeved Meyoeved ef®elJee 4 efjkeÌlemLeeveeefve Hetjef³elJee keÀLeeb Hegveefue&Kele~   (HeefjefMe<ìced 1) 4

efJeYeeiee: efJekeÀuHejefnleced meefJekeÀuHecedieÐeced 12 15

HeÐeced 10 12

J³eekeÀjCeced 10 12

uesKeveced 08 08

SkeÀ$eerYet³e 40 47

No. Name of the Lessons Page

No.

ÒeLece: efJeYeeie: ieÐeced DeJeyeesOeveced~

1. efMe<³eesÊece:~ 1

2. ûeenkeÀefnlee³e ûeenkeÀmegKee³e~ mebJeeo 12

3. ceneje<ìm³e efJeéeefJeK³eelee ¬eÀer[e~ 24

4. melkeÀce& SJe HegC³eced~ 35

5. DeJewOee®eej: vewJe keÀjCeer³e:~ mebJeeo 49

6. Depeg&vem³e ieJe&njCeced~ 61

7. meHlee½e³ee&efCe~ 74

efÜleer³e: efJeYeeie: HeÐeced DeJeyeesOeveced~

1. ieg©Jevovee~ 84

2. megYeeef<eleceeuee 1~ (For recitation)

89

3. veoermecegêmebJeeo:~ 95

4. Deejesi³eb cetuecegÊececed~ (For recitation)

102

5. megYeeef<eleceeuee 2~ (For recitation)

109

6. Hewefjme-veiejJeCe&veced~ 115

le=leer³e: efJeYeeie: J³eekeÀjCeced~ 1. veece / meJe&veeceHeoeveeb He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ 121

2. ef¬eÀ³eeHeoeefve~

A. Hejes#e-YetlekeÀeue:~ (Past Perfect Tense)

122

B. efÜleer³e-YeefJe<³elkeÀeue:~ (Second Future Tense)

123

C. eq®Je ªHeeefCe~

(eq®Je - Forms) 124

D. veeceOeeleg:~(Nominal Root)

125

E. ef¬eÀ³eeHeoeveeb He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ (keÀes<ìkeÀHetjCeced) 126

3. meceemee:~ 127

4. GHeHeoefJeYeeqkeÌle:~

A. Oeeletveeb Òe³eesie:~ 139

B. DeJ³e³eeveeb Òe³eesie:~ 141

5. me*dK³eeJee®ekeÀefJeMes<eCeeefve~ 143

®elegLe&: efJeYeeie: uesKevekeÀewMeueced~

1 Jeeke̳eefvecee&Ceced~ 144

2. keÀLeeHetefle&: / Heefj®ísoHetefle&:~ 146

3. ÒeefleoMe& - ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe 148

Note: Textual questions are represented by * mark.

1

01 : efMe<³eesÊece:~

ieÐeebMe: 1 Deemeerled Hegje...................................................................................... lJe³ee veeveerleb jmee³eveced ?

(words 82) Deemeerled Hegje megefJeK³eele: + veeieepeg&ve: + veece jmee³eveMeem$e%e: ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀ: + ®e~ In ancient times there was a famous alchemist and diagnostic named veeieepeg&ve. lem³e mesJeeJe´efleve: keÀerefle&: osMeefJeosMes<eg Òeme=lee~ The fame of the one who was devoted to service had spread in the same country and foreign countries. SkeÀoe jepeeveb ielJee veeieepeg&ve: ÒeeLe&³eeceeme, ’cenejepe, keÀe³e&yeengu³eeod celke=Àles mene³ekeÀm³e DeeJeM³ekeÀlee Jele&les~“ Once, having gone to the king, veeieepeg&ve requested, “Your Majesty, due to lot of work, I need an assistant for me.” Sleled + ÞeglJee efÜleer³es efoves SJe leb Òeefle cenejepe: Üew ³egJeeveew Òesef<eleJeeved~ Hearing this, the next day itself, the king sent two young men to him. leew Hejeref#elebg veeieepeg&ve: GYeew + DeefHe SkesÀkebÀ Jemleg oÊJee DeJeoled ’Fob ie=nerlJee mJeie===nb ie®íleced~ In order to test both of them, having given a thing to each of them, veeieepeg&ve said, “Take this and go home. ée: lemceeled efkeÀced + DeefHe jmee³eveced Deew<eOeb Jee efveceea³e Deeve³eleced + Fefle~“ Prepare some chemical or medicine from it and bring tomorrow.” DeLe DeHejsÐeg: GYeew leew veeieepeg&veb Òeefle DeeieleJevleew~ So the next day both of them came to veeieepeg&ve. leoe le³ees: + SkeÀ: GkeÌleJeeved, ’ceneMe³e, Denb jmee³eveb ke=ÀlJee DeeveerleJeeved~ Then one of them said, “Sir, I have prepared and brought the chemical. HeM³eleg YeJeeved + Fefle~“ you may see it.” efÜleer³eb Meevle®eslemeb ¢<ìdJee veeieepeg&vesve He=<ìb, ’keÀLeced + Foeveerced DeYee<eceeCe: efle<þefme? Having seen the other one with a calm mind, veeieepeg&ve asked, “How is that you are now standing speechless? efkebÀ lJe³ee ve + Deeveerleb jmee³eveced?“ Have you not brought the medicine?” DeJeyeesOeveced~ A. mebmkeÀ=leYee<e³ee SkeÀJeeke̳esve GÊejb efueKele~ *1. He´e®eervejmee³eveMeem$e%em³e veece efkeÀced Deemeerled? Ans: He´e®eervejmee³eveMeem$e%em³e veece veeieepe&gveë Fefle Deemeerled~ *2. osMeefJeosMes<eg keÀm³e keÀerefle&ë He´me=lee? Ans: osMeefJeosMes<eg mesJeeJe´efleveë veeieepeg&vem³e keÀerefle&ë He´me=lee~ *3. cenejepeë Üew ³egJeeveew kegÀ$e He´sef<eleJeeved? Ans: cenejepeë Üew ³egJeeveew veeieepe&gveb Heefle He´sef<eleJeeved~

*4. veeieepe&gveë ³egJeveesë Hejer#eeLe¥ He´Leceb efkeÀced DekeÀjesled? Ans: veeieepe&gveë ³egJeveesë Hejer#eeLe¥ He´Lececed GYeeJeefHe SkesÀkebÀ Jemleg

oÊJee Dev³esÐegë lemceeled efkeÀceefHe jmee³eveb Deew<eOeb Jee efveceea³e Deeve³eleced Fefle DekeÀLe³eled~

5. kebÀ ielJee veeieepe&gveë He´eLe&³eeceeme? Ans: jepeeveb ielJee veeieepe&gveë He´eLe&³eeceeme~ 6. veeieepe&gvem³e ke=Àles keÀmceeled mene³ekeÀm³e DeeJeM³ekeÀlee Deemeerled? Ans: veeieepe&gvem³e ke=Àles keÀe³e&yeenggu³eeled mene³ekeÀm³e DeeJeM³ekeÀlee

Deemeerled~

efMe<³eesÊece:~ ÒeLece: efJeYeeie: - ieÐeced DeJeyeesOeveced~

01

2 

Std. X : Sanskrit ‐ Makarand

2

B. ³eesi³eb He³ee&³eb ef®elJee efjkeÌlemLeeveHetefle¥ kegÀ©le~ *1. Fob _______ _______ ie®íleced~

(HeerlJee / ie=nerlJee) (mJeie=nb / mJeie=nm³e) Ans: Fob ie=nerlJee mJeie=nb ie®íleced~ *2. efkebÀ _______ veeveerleb _______?

(legY³eced / lJe³ee) (Hes³eced / jmee³eveced) Ans: efkebÀ lJe³ee veeveerleb jmee³eveced? 3. _______ mesJeeJe´efleveë keÀerefle&ë osMeefJeosMes<eg

_______~ (lem³e / lJeced) (He´me=leced / He´me=lee) Ans: lem³e mesJeeJe´efleveë keÀerefle&ë osMeefJeosMes<eg He´me=lee~ 4. SkeÀoe _______ ielJee _______ He´eLe&³eeceeme~

(jepeeveb/ je%ee) (³egJekeÀ: / veeieepeg&ve:) Ans: SkeÀoe jepeeveb ielJee veeieepe&gveë He´eLe&³eeceeme~ 5. leb He´efle _______ Üew ³egJeeveew _______ ~

(cenejepe: / veeieepeg&ve:) (He´sef<eleJevleë/ He´sef<eleJeeved) Ans: leb He´efle cenejepeë Üew ³egJeeveew Hes´ef<eleJeeved ~ 6. DeHejsÐegë _______ leew_______ Heefle DeeieleJevleew~

(DeHejew / GYeew) (veeieepe&gveb / veeieepe&gvee³e) Ans: DeHejsÐegë GYeew leew veeieepe&gveb He´efle DeeieleJevleew~ 7. _______ YeJeeefveefle ~ (HeM³e / HeM³eleg/ HeM³evleg) Ans: HeM³eleg YeJeeefveefle~ 8. efÜleer³eb _______ ¢<ìdJee _______ He=<ìced~

(Meevle®eslemeë / Meevle®eslemeb) (veeieepeg&vesve / cenejepesve) Ans: efÜleer³eb Meevle®eslemeb ¢<ìdJee veeieepe&gvesve He=<ìced~ C. keÀë kebÀ Jeoefle leod efueKele~ 1. ’keÀe³e&yeengu³eeod celke=Àles mene³ekeÀm³e DeeJeM³ekeÀlee Jele&les~“ Ans: veeieepe&gveë cenejepeb Jeoefle~ 2. ’Fob ie=nerlJee mJeie=nb ie®íleced~“ Ans: veeieepe&gveë Üew ³egJeeveew Jeoefle~ 3. ’éeë lemceeled efkeÀceefHe jmee³eveb Deew<eOeb Jee efveceea³e Deeve³eleced~“ Ans: veeieepe&gveë Üew ³egJeeveew Jeoefle~ 4. ’ceneMe³e, Denb jmee³eveb ke=ÀlJee DeeveerleJeeved~“ Ans: SkeÀë ³egJekeÀë veeieepe&gveb Jeoefle~ 5. ’keÀLeefceoeveerced DeYee<eceeCeë efle<þefme? “ Ans: veeieepe&gveë efÜleer³eb ³egJekebÀ Jeoefle~ 6. ’efkebÀ lJe³ee veeveerleb jmee³eveced? “ Ans: veeieepe&gveë efÜleer³eb ³egJekebÀ Jeoefle~

D. mel³eb Jee Demel³eb leod efueKele~ 1. Deemeerled Hegje megefJeK³eelees veeieepe&gvees veece ieefCele%eë~ Ans: Demel³eced~ 2. mesJeeJe´efleveë veeieepe&gvem³e keÀerefle&ë osMeefJeosMes<eg He´me=lee ~ Ans: mel³eced~ 3. keÀe³e&yeengu³eeod veeieepe&gvem³e ke=Àles efJeÞeecem³e DeeJeM³ekeÀlee

Deemeerled~ Ans: Demel³eced~ 4. efÜleer³es efoves SJe veeieepe&gveb Heefle cenejepeë Üew ³egJeeveew Hesef<eleJeeved~ Ans: mel³eced~ 5. efÜleer³eë ³egJee DeYee<eceeCeë Deefle<þled~ Ans: mel³eced~ 6. veeieepe&gveë mesJeeJe´efleveë ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë Deemeerled ~ Ans: mel³eced~ ceeO³eceYee<e³ee mJeceleÒekeÀìveced~ 1. veeieepe&gve: Üew ³egJeeveew efkeÀceLe¥ Hejeref#elegced Ss®íled Fefle YeJeleeb

celeced? ceeO³eceYee<e³ee mHe<ìerkegÀ©le~ Ans: In the lesson `efMe<³eesÊece:~' we come across

the important qualities that a physician must possess along with the knowledge of medical science. He must think of treating the patient with compassion as his primemost duty.

veeieepe&gve was a well-known alchemist and

physician of ancient times. He was a great Indian scientist in the field of chemistry. His stories of success and fame had spread in various countries as he was a very dedicated scholar. Service towards patients with compassion was like a duty for him. He valued the spirit of service as most important virtue of a doctor. As he was very famous, many patients used to come to him for their treatment. And so due to heavy workload he seeked some assistance. He requested the king for an assistant. As per his request, the king sent two youngsters. But even if they were sent by the king, they were not appointed blindly, veeieepe&gve decided to test them. veeieepe&gve was of the opinion

that spirit of service, compassion, humanity are the most important qualities of a physician and apart from medical knowledge a person must also have these virtues.

Thus, to check the medical knowledge and the virtues of the two youngsters, veeieepe&gve wished to test them, so that the assistant appointed by him would be devoted to the service of his patients.

3

01 : efMe<³eesÊece:~ He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ 1. DeOeesoÊeeefve Jeeke̳eeefve ke´Àceevegmeejb meb³eespe³ele~ i DeHejsÐegë GYeew leew veeieepe&gveb He´efle DeeieleJevleew~ ii. cenejepeë Üew ³egJeeveew veeieepe&gveb He´efle He´sef<eleJeeved~ iii. veeieepe&gveë SkesÀkebÀ Jemleg oÊeJeeved~ iv. jepeeveb ielJee veeieepe&gveë He´eLe&³eeceeme~ Ans: i. jepeeveb ielJee veeieepe&gveë He´eLe&³eeceeme~ ii. cenejepeë Üew ³egJeeveew veeieepe&gveb He´efle He´sef<eleJeeved~ iii. veeieepe&gveë SkesÀkebÀ Jemleg oÊeJeeved~ iv. DeHejsÐegë GYeew leew veeieepe&gveb He´efle DeeieleJevleew~ Meyo%eeveced~ A. ieÐeebMes He³ee&³eMeyob ef®elJee efueKele~ *1. K³eeefleë, He´efmeef×ë, efJeK³eeefleë,

efJeÞegefleë (fame) = keÀerefle&ë~

*2. efveMec³e, ÞeglJee (having heard) = DeekeÀC³e&~*3. DeHejsÐegë, Dev³esÐegë (tomorrow) = éeë~ *4. Jeer#³e, efJeueeske̳e, DeJeueeske̳e

(having seen) = ¢<ìdJee~

5. He´efme×ë, He´K³eeleë, He´efLeleë, efJeÞegleë (famous)

= megefJeK³eeleë~

6. JewÐeë, efYe<eied, jesie%eë (physician) = ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë~7. ³egJekeÀew (two youngsters) = ³egJeeveew~8. ve=Heë, YetHeë,ve=Heefleë YetHeeueë, HeeefLe&Jeë

(king) = jepee~

9. menkeÀejer, mene³eë (assistant) = mene³ekeÀë~10. Yes<epeced, Yew<ep³eced, jesienjced

(medicine) = Deew<eOeced~

B. ieÐeebMes efJeueesceMeyob ef®elJee efueKele~ 1. kegÀefJeK³eeleë, kegÀK³eeleë

(notorious) megefJeK³eeleë~(famous)

2. DeHekeÀerefle&ë (infamy,

disgrace) keÀerefle&:~ (fame)

3. Deeiec³e, Deeiel³e (having come)

ielJee~ (having gone)

4. DeveeJeM³ekeÀlee (no

requirement) DeeJeM³ekeÀlee~

(requirment) 5. oÊJee (having given) ie=nerlJee~ (having taken) 6. ¿eë (yesterday) ée:~ (tomorrow) 7. ieleJevleew (both went) DeeieleJevleew~

(both came)

8. veerleJeeved (carried) DeeveerleJeeved~ (brought) 9. Yee<eceeCeë

(one who is speaking)

DeYee<eceeCeë~ (one who is not speaking)

C. ®elegLe&Heob efueKele~ 1. Ans: 2. Ans: 3. Ans: 4. Ans: 5. Ans: 6. Ans: D. efJeMes<eCe-efJeMes<³e-DeefvJeefle:~ 1. ieÐeebMes efJeMes<eCeeefve ef®elJee peeuejsKeeef®e$es efueKele~ Meevle®esleë, megefJeK³eeleë, DeYee<eceeCeë, mesJeeJe´leer Ans: 1. megefJeK³eeleë~ 3. Meevle®esleë~ 2. mesJeeJe´leer~ 4. DeYee<eceeCeë~ 2. mlecYecesueveb kegÀ©le~

A B i. megefJeK³eele: a. efoves ii. efÜleer³es b. efÜleer³eced iii. Üew c. jmee³eveMeem$e%e: iv. Meevle®eslemeced d. ³egJeeveew

Ans: i. megefJeK³eele: jmee³eveMeem$e%e:~

ii. efÜleer³es efoves~

iii. Üew ³egJeeveew~

iv. Meevle®eslemeb efÜleer³eced~

efÜleer³eë³egJee

43

veeieepe&gveë

21

oe oÊJee ke=À _______

oe oÊJee ke=À ke=ÀlJee

He´ F<ed He´sef<eleJeeved Dee veer _______

He´ F<ed He´sef<eleJeeved Dee veer DeeveerleJeeved.

ke=À ke=ÀlJee Þeg _______

ke=À ke=ÀlJee Þeg ÞeglJee

ieced ie®íd ie®íleced Dee veer ve³ed _______

ieced ie®íd ie®íleced Dee veer ve³ed Deeve³eleced.

Deeve³eleced Fefle Deeve³eleefceefle YeJeeved Fefle _______

Deeve³eleced Fefle Deeve³eleefceefle YeJeeved Fefle YeJeeefveefle

ie´nd ie=nerlJee ¢Med _______

ie´nd ie=nerlJee ¢Med ¢<ìdJee

4 

Std. X : Sanskrit ‐ Makarand

4

E. OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeveeb ®e³eveced (lJeevle / u³eyevle / legcevle) / efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeveeb ®e³eveced~

1. ieÐeebMes Deeieleeefve `lJeevle' DeJ³e³eeefve ef®elJee peeuejsKeeef®e$es

efueKele~ Ans: 1. ielJee~ 3. ie=nerlJee~ 2. oÊJee~ 4. ¢<ìdJee~ 2. ieÐeebMes HetJe&keÀeueJee®ekeÀ-OeelegmeeefOele-u³eyevle-DeJ³e³eb ef®elJee

efueKele~ Ans: u³eyevle-DeJ³e³eced-

i. efveceea³e~ 3. ieÐeebMes nslJeLe&keÀ-OeelegmeeefOele-legcevle-DeJ³e³eb ef®elJee efueKele~ Ans: legcevle-DeJ³e³eced- i. Hejeref#elegced~

4. ieÐeebMes meHleceer-efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeefve ef®elJee efueKele~ Ans: i. osMeefJeosMes<eg~ ii. efÜleer³es~ iii. efoves~ iv. le³ees:~ F. mecetnslejHeob ef®evegle~ 1. megefJeK³eeleë, DeYee<eceeCeë, jmee³eveMeem$e%eë, ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë Ans: DeYee<eceeCeë~ 2. ielJee, oÊJee, efveceer&³e, ¢<ìdJee Ans: efveceea³e~ 3. He´me=lee, He=<ìced, Deeveerleced, DeJeoled Ans: DeJeoled~ 4. HeM³eleg, Hes´ef<eleJeeved, DeeieleJevleew, DeeveerleJeeved Ans: HeM³eleg~ 5. megefJeK³eeleë, efme×ë, He´K³eeleë, He´efme×ë Ans: efme×ë~ 6. ¢<ìdJee, efJeueeske̳e, Hejeref#elegced, Jeer#³e Ans: Hejeref#elegced~

ieÐeebMe: 2

leoekeÀC³e& me cevomJejsCe .............................................................................. leÐeLeeLe&cesJe~

(words 74) leled + DeekeÀC³e& me: + cevomJejsCe Deieoled, ’Dee®ee³e&, ¿e: ie®íved HeefLe DeeJeeced + SkebÀ ©iCeced + DeHeM³eeJe~ Having heard that, he said in a low voice, “Sir, yesterday while going we both saw a patient on the way. lem³e + DeJemLeeb Jeer#³e leb Peefìefle ©iCeeue³eb ves³eced + Fefle celJee Denb leb veerleJeeved~ Having seen his condition, thinking that he must be immediately taken to hospital, I took him (there). lem³e meceerHes efmLelJee mesJeeb ke=ÀleJeeved~ Having stayed near him, I served him. Dele: mece³eeYeeJeeod jmee³eveb efvecee&legced ve + DeMekeÌveJeced~“ Hence due to lack of time, I could not prepare a medicine.” lem³e mesJeeYeeJeb %eelJee veeieepeg&ve: + leced + SJe efÜleer³eb ³egJekebÀ mene³ekeÀlJesve mJeerke=ÀleJeeved~ Having recoginzed his service oriented behavior, veeieepeg&ve accepted the second youth only as an assistant. ’jmee³eveb ve Deeveerleced + DeefHe lemcew efkeÀceLe¥ mene³ekeÀHeob oÊeced?“ Fefle je%ee He=<ìs veeieepeg&ve: + DeYeCeled, ’Slesve jesefieCe: mesJee ke=Àlee, ceeveJelee oefMe&lee~ When the king asked, “Why was the post of assistant given to him though he had not brought the medicine?” veeieepeg&ve said, “He served the patient (and) showed humanity. mesJeeYeeJesve efJevee keÀLeb ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀ: + YeJesled? How can one become a doctor without service orientation? Dele: Dem³e + SJe efve³egeqkeÌle: ce³ee ke=Àlee~“ Therefore I have appointed him (at once).” mesJeeYeeJe: Hejceienve: + Dele: me: + SJe Hejer#eCeer³e: Fefle ³eled keÀL³eles leled + ³eLeeLe&ced + SJe~ Service-orientation is very difficult so it must be observed, it is said thus which is undoubtedly befitting.

ÞeglJee

ke=ÀlJee

`lJeevle' DeJ³e³eeefve

2

1

4

3

5

01 : efMe<³eesÊece:~ DeJeyeesOeveced~ A. mebmke=ÀleYee<e³ee SkeÀJeeke̳esve GÊejb efueKele~ *1. veeieepe&gveë efÜleer³eb ³egJeeveb mene³ekeÀlJesve efkeÀceLe¥ mJeerke=ÀleJeeved? Ans: efÜleer³em³e ³egJekeÀm³e mesJeeYeeJeb %eelJee veeieepe&gveë efÜleer³eb

³egJeeveb mene³ekeÀlJesve mJeerke=ÀleJeeved~ *2. mesJeeYeeJeë keÀer¢Meë Jele&les? Ans: mesJeeYeeJeë Hejceienveë Jele&les ~ 3. ie=nb ie®ívleew ³egJeeveew HeefLe efkeÀced DeHeM³eleeced? Ans: ie=nb ie®ívleew ³egJeeveew HeefLe SkebÀ ©iCeced DeHeM³eleeced~ 4. kesÀve efJevee keÀesçefHe ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë ve YeJesled? Ans: mesJeeYeeJesve efJevee keÀesçefHe ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë ve YeJesled~ 5. keÀë Hejer#eCeer³eë? Ans: mesJeeYeeJeë Hejer#eCeer³eë~ 6. efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë ©iCeb kegÀ$e veerleJeeved? Ans: efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë ©iCeb ©iCeeue³eb veerleJeeved~ 7. efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë keÀmceeled jmee³eveb efvecee&legb ve DeMekeÌveesled? Ans: efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë mece³eeYeeJeeled jmee³eveb efvecee&legb ve

DeMekeÌveesled~ 8. efÜleer³esve ³egJekesÀve keÀm³e mesJee ke=Àlee? Ans: efÜleer³esve ³egJekesÀve jesefieCeë mesJee ke=Àlee~ B. ³eesi³eb He³ee&³eb ef®elJee efjkeÌlemLeeveHetefle¥ kegÀ©le~ *1. _______ efkeÀceLe¥ mene³ekeÀHeob _______?

(lemcew / lesve) (oÊee / oÊeced) Ans: lemcew efkeÀceLe¥ mene³ekeÀHeob oÊeced? *2. _______ efJevee keÀLeb _______ YeJesled?

(mesJeeYeeJee³e / mesJeeYeeJesve) (ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀ: / uesKekeÀ:) Ans: mesJeeYeeJesve efJevee keÀLeb ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë YeJesled?~ 3. _______ SkebÀ ©iCeced _______~

(Je³eced / DeeJeeced) (Deve³eeJe / DeHeM³eeJe) Ans: DeeJeeced SkebÀ ©iCeced DeHeM³eeJe~ 4. _______ meceerHes _______ mesJeeb ke=ÀleJeeved~

(lem³e / lesve) (KesefuelJee / efmLelJee) Ans: lem³e meceerHes efmLelJee mesJeeb ke=ÀleJeeved~ 5. Dem³ewJe efve³egefkeÌleë _______ _______~

(leeqmceved / ce³ee) (ke=Àlee / ke=Àleced ) Ans: Dem³ewJe efve³egefkeÌleë ce³ee ke=Àlee~

C. keÀ: kebÀ Jeoefle leod efueKele~ 1. ’DeeJeeceskebÀ ©iCeceHeM³eeJe~“ Ans: efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë veeieepe&gveb Jeoefle~ 2. ’lem³e meceerHes efmLelJee mesJeeb ke=ÀleJeeved~“ Ans: efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë veeieepe&gveb Jeoefle~ 3. ’mece³eeYeeJeeod jmee³eveb efvecee&legb veeMekeÌveJeced~“ Ans: efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë veeieepe&gveb Jeoefle~ 4. ’jmee³eveb ve DeeveerleceefHe lemcew efkeÀceLe¥ mene³ekeÀHeob oÊeced?“ Ans: jepee veeieepe&gveb Jeoefle~ 5. ’Slesve jesefieCeë mesJee ke=Àlee~“ Ans: veeieepe&gveë jepeeveb Jeoefle~ 6. ’mesJeeYeeJesve efJevee keÀLeb ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë YeJesled?“ Ans: veeieepe&gveë jepeeveb Jeoefle~ 7. ’Dem³ewJe efve³egefkeÌleë ce³ee ke=Àlee~“ Ans: veeieepe&gveë jepeeveb Jeoefle~ D. mel³eb Jee Demel³eb leod efueKele~ 1. ie®íved HeefLe veeieepe&gveë SkebÀ ©iCeced DeHeM³eled~ Ans: Demel³eced~ 2. efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë ©iCem³e meceerHes efmLelJee mesJeeb ke=ÀleJeeved~ Ans: mel³eced~ 3. keÀe³e&yeengu³eeod efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë jmee³eveb efvecee&lebg veeMekeÌveesled~ Ans: Demel³eced~ 4. veeieepe&gveë He´Leceb ³egJekebÀ mene³ekeÀÊJesve mJeerke=ÀleJeeved~ Ans: Demel³eced~ 5. mesJeeYeeJeë Hejcemejueë Deleë me SJe Hejer#eCeer³eë~ Ans: Demel³eced~ 6. mesJeeYeeJesve efJevee keÀesçefHe ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë ve YeJesled~ Ans: mel³eced~ ceeO³eceYee<e³ee mJeceleÒekeÀìveced~ 1. veeieepe&gve: efÜleer³eb ³egJekebÀ mene³ekeÀlJesve efkeÀceLe¥ mJeerke=ÀleJeeved?

Slem³e efJe<e³es YeJele: celeb ceeO³eceYee<e³ee efueKele~ Ans: In the lesson `efMe<³eesÊece:~' we come across

the important qualities that a physician must possess along with the knowledge of medical science. He must think of treating the patient with compassion as his prime most duty.

The famous alchemist of ancient times, veeieepe&gve, wished to appoint an assistant due to

heavy workload. As per his request the king

6 

Std. X : Sanskrit ‐ Makarand

6

sent two youngsters. veeieepe&gve decided to test

them and gave them some substance to make jmee³eve. While going home both youngsters saw

a patient who needed urgent medical help. But the first youngster went home to prepare the jmee³eve whereas, the second youngster took that

sick man to the hospital and served him. Next day while selecting one of the two youngsters, veeieepe&gve chose the second youngster who had

failed to get the jmee³eve. The first youngster had

brought the jmee³eve but veeieepe&gve did not select

him as he had ignored the sick person on the way for his own benefit. At the same time the second one had ignored own benefit to look after that patient. Both of them had the knowledge of medicines but the second one had spirit of service, compassion and humanity which are the essential qualities of a physician. Apart from the medical knowledge a person must have these virtues to become a successful doctor.

As veeieepe&gve himself was a devoted doctor,

who had as if taken a vow of service to humanity, recognised these qualities in the second youngster. Therefore inspite of not bringing the jmee³eve he selected the second one

as an assistant and appreciated his qualities. He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ 1. Ieìvee¬eÀceevegmeejb meb³egp³e Jeeke̳eeefve Hegveefue&Kele~ i. veeieepe&gvesve efÜleer³em³e ³egJekeÀm³e efve³egefkeÌleë ke=Àlee~ ii. efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë leb ©iCeeue³eb veerleJeeved~ iii. Üew ³egJeeveew HeefLe SkebÀ ©iCeced DeHeM³eleeced~ iv. efÜleer³esve ³egJekesÀve jesefieCeë mesJee ke=Àlee~ Ans: i. Üew ³egJeeveew HeefLe SkebÀ ©iCeced DeHeM³eleeced~ ii. efÜleer³eë ³egJekeÀë leb ©iCeeue³eb veerleJeeved~ iii. efÜleer³esve ³egJekesÀve jesefieCeë mesJee ke=Àlee~ iv. veeieepe&gvesve efÜleer³em³e ³egJekeÀm³e efve³egefkeÌleë

ke=Àlee~ 2. ieÐeebMes Deeieleeefve Sleeefve OeelegmeeefOeleöefJeMes<eCeeefve He=LekedÀ

kegÀ©le~ oÊeced, veerleJeeved, ke=ÀleJeeved, ke=Àlee, Deeveerleced, mJeerke=ÀleJeeved,

He=<ìs, oefMe&lee

Ans: 1. oÊeced~ 2. ke=Àlee~ 3. Deeveerleced~ 4. He=<ìs~ 5. oefMe&lee~ 6. veerleJeeved~ 7. ke=ÀleJeeved~ 8. mJeerke=ÀleJeeved~ Meyo%eeveced~ A. ieÐeebMes He³ee&³eJeeef®eMeyob ef®evegle~ *1. efveMec³e, ÞeglJee (having heard) = DeekeÀC³e&~*2. ¢<ìdJee, efJeueesske̳e, DeJeueeske̳e

(having seen) = Jeer#³e~

3. DeJeoled, Deieoled, DeYee<ele (said) = DeYeCeled~4. jesieer, DemJemLeë, J³eeefOeiemleë (diseased) = ©iCeced~5. meceerHeced, Heeéex, efvekeÀìs, efvekeÀ<ee (near) = meceerHes~6. Heefj®e³ee&, GHe®e³ee&, GHe®eejë (service) = mesJee~7. He´³egefkeÌleë, efve³eesieë (appointment) = efve³egeqkeÌleë~8. keÀefþveë, Deieceë (difficult) = ienveë~ B. ieÐeebMes efJeueesceHeob ef®elJee efueKele~ *1. cevob cevoced, Mevewë

(slowly)

Peefìefle~ (immediately)

*2. Deienveë, mejueë, megueYeë (easy)

ienve:~ (difficult)

*3. DeLe&nerveced (futile, useless)

³eLeeLe&ced~ (befitting)

*4. DeeveerleJeeved (brought) veerleJeeved~ (took)

5. G®®emJejsCe (in a loud voice)

cevomJejsCe~ (in a low voice)

6. otjs (far) meceerHes~ (near)

7. l³ekeÌleJeeved (sacrificed) mJeerke=ÀleJeeved~ (accepted)

8. Deceeveg<elee,ve=Mebmelee (unhumanity)

ceeveJelee~ (humanity)

C. ®elegLe&Heob efueKele~ 1. Ans: 2. Ans: 3. Ans: 4. Ans:

keÀce&efCeöYett.Oee.efJe.

1 2 3 4 5

keÀle&efjöYett.Oee.efJe.

6 7 8

mLee efmLelJee %ee _______

mLee efmLelJee %ee %eelJee

efJe + F&#ed Jeer#³e Dee + keÀCe&d _______

efJe + F&#ed Jeer#³e Dee + keÀCe&d DeekeÀC³e&

veer veerleJeeved ke=À _______

veer veerleJeeved ke=À ke=ÀleJeeved.

ieod Deieoled YeCed _______

ieod Deieoled YeCed DeYeCeled.

7

01 : efMe<³eesÊece:~

D. efJeMes<eCe-efJeMes<³e-DeefvJeefle:~ 1. ieÐeebMes ³eesi³eb efJeMes<eCeb ef®elJee efueKele~ i. _______ ©iCeced~

Ans: SkebÀ ©iCeced~ ii. _______ ³egJekeÀced~

Ans: efÜleer³eb ³egJekeÀced~ iii. _______ mesJeeYeeJe:~

Ans: Hejceienve: mesJeeYeeJe:~ E. OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeveeb ®e³eveced (lJeevle / u³eyevle /

legcevle) / efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeveeb ®e³eveced~ 1. ieÐeebMes Deeieleeefve lJeevle DeJ³e³eeefve ef®elJee peeuejsKeeef®e$es

efueKele~ Ans: 1. celJee~ 2. efmLelJee~ 3. %eelJee~ 2. ieÐeebMes HetJe&keÀeueJee®ekeÀ-OeelegmeeefOele-u³eyevle-DeJ³e³es ef®elJee

efueKele~ Ans: u³eyevle-DeJ³e³es- i. DeekeÀC³e&~ ii. Jeer#³e~

3. ieÐeebMes nslJeLe&keÀ-OeelegmeeefOele-legcevle-DeJ³e³eb ef®elJee efueKele~ Ans: legcevle-DeJ³e³eced- i. efvecee&legced~ 4. I. ieÐeebMes ®elegLeea-efJeYekeÌl³evleHeob ef®elJee efueKele~ Ans: i. lemcew~ II. ieÐeebMes <e<þer-efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeefve ef®elJee efueKele~ Ans: i. lem³e~ ii. jesefieCe:~ iii. Dem³e~

F. mecetnslejHeob ef®evegle~ 1. celJee, Jeer#³e, %eelJee, ke=ÀlJee Ans: Jeer#³e~ 2. veerleJeeved, ke=ÀleJeeved, oÊeced, mJeerke=ÀleJeeved Ans: oÊeced~ 3. Slesve, leced, lemcew, lem³e Ans: Slesve~ 4. Peefìefle, Deleë, efkeÀceLe&ced, keÀL³eles Ans: keÀL³eles~

ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe³ee: le=leer³e: efJeYeeie: - J³eekeÀjCeced~

mevOe³eë~

*1. le³eesjskeÀë = le³ees: + SkeÀë~ *2. Dem³ewJe = Dem³e + SJe~ *3. GYeeJeefHe = GYeew + DeefHe~ *4. keÀLeefceoeveerced = keÀLeced + Foeveerced~5. ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀ½e = ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀë + ®e~6. Sle®í¦lJee = Sleled + ÞeglJee~ 7. Deeve³eleefceefle = Deeve³eleced + Fefle~8. YeJeeefveefle = YeJeeved + Fefle~ 9. veeveerleced = ve + Deeveerleced~ 10. leoekeÀC³e& = leled + DeekeÀC³e&~

11. DeeJeeceskeÀced = DeeJeeced + SkeÀced~12. ©iCeceHeM³eeJe = ©iCeced + DeHeM³eeJe~13. lem³eeJemLeeced = lem³e + DeJemLeeced~14. ves³eefceefle = ves³eced + Fefle~ 15. veeMekeÌveJeced = ve + DeMekeÌveJeced~16. veeieepe&gvemlecesJe = veeieepe&gveë + leced + SJe~17. DeeveerleceefHe = Deeveerleced + DeefHe~18. veeieepe&gveesçYeCeled = veeieepe&gveë + DeYeCeled~19. Hejceienveesçleë = Hejceienveë + Deleë~20. leÐeLeeLe&cesJe = leled + ³eLeeLe&ced + SJe~

HeoHeefj®e³e:~

OeeleJe:~ (Roots)s Jele&ceevekeÀeue:~ (Present Tense)

¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀeue: / DeLe&: Heg©<e: Je®eveced1. Jele&les Je=led – Jele&d 1 Dee.He. Jele&ceevekeÀeue: le=leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced2. efle<þefme mLee – efle<þd 1 He.He. Jele&ceevekeÀeue: efÜleer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced

lJeevle DeJ³e³eeefve 2 3

1

8 

Std. X : Sanskrit ‐ Makarand

8

ÒeLeceYetlekeÀeue:~ (Imperfect Past Tense) ¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀeue: / DeLe&: Heg©<e: Je®eveced

3. Deemeerled Demed 2 He.He. ÒeLeceYetlekeÀeue: le=leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced 4. DeJeoled Jeod 1 He.He. ÒeLeceYetlekeÀeue: le=leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced 5. Deieoled ieod 1 He.He. ÒeLeceYetlekeÀeue: le=leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced 6. DeHeM³eeJe ¢Med-HeM³ed 1 He.He. ÒeLeceYetlekeÀeue: ÒeLece: efÜJe®eveced 7. DeMekeÌveJeced MekedÀ 5 He.He. ÒeLeceYetlekeÀeue: ÒeLece: SkeÀJe®eveced 8. DeYeCeled YeCed 1 He.He. ÒeLeceYetlekeÀeue: le==leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced

Dee%eeLe&:~ (Imperative Mood) ¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀeue: / DeLe&: Heg©<e: Je®eveced

*9. HeM³eleg ¢Med – HeM³ed 1 He.He. Dee%eeLe&: le=leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced 10. ie®íleced ieced – ie®íd 1 He.He. Dee%eeLe&: efÜleer³e: efÜJe®eveced 11. Deeve³eleced Dee veer ve³ed 1 G.He. here He.He. Dee%eeLe&: efÜleer³e: efÜJe®eveced

efJeO³eLe&:~ (Potential Mood)

¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀeue: / DeLe&: Heg©<e: Je®eveced 12. YeJesled Yet – YeJed 1 He.He. efJeO³eLe&: le=leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced

keÀce&efCe~ (Passive)

¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀeue: / DeLe&: Heg©<e: Je®eveced 13. keÀL³eles keÀLed 10 G.He. keÀce&efCe-Jele&ceevekeÀeue: le=leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced

Hejes#e-YetlekeÀeue:~ (Past Perfect Tense)

¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀeue: / DeLe&: Heg©<e: Je®eveced 14. ÒeeLe&³eeceeme Òe DeLe&d 10 Dee.He. Deecevle-Hejes#e-YetlekeÀeue: le=leer³e: SkeÀJe®eveced

HetJe&keÀeueJee®ekeÀ – OeelegmeeefOele – DeJ³e³eeefve~ (Gerunds)

¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced HetJe&keÀeueJee®ekeÀ-OeelegmeeefOeleced *15. efveceea³e efvejd cee 2 He.He. u³eyevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 16. ielJee ieced – ie®íd 1 He.He. lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 17. ÞeglJee Þeg 5 He.He. lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 18. oÊJee oe – ³e®íd

oe 1 He.He. 3 G.He.

lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~

19. ie=nerlJee ûend 9 G.He. lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 20. ¢<ìJee ¢Med – HeM³ed 1 He.He. lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 21. celJee ceved 4 Dee.He. lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 22. efmLelJee mLee – efle<þd 1 He.He. lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 23. %eelJee %ee 9 G.He. lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 24. ke=ÀlJee ke=À 8 G.He. lJeevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 25. DeekeÀC³e& Dee keÀCe&d 10 G.He. u³eyevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 26. Jeer#³e efJe F&#ed 10 Dee.He. u³eyevle - DeJ³e³eced~

9

01 : efMe<³eesÊece:~

nslJeLe&keÀ – OeelegmeeefOele – legcevle – DeJ³e³eeefve~ (Infinitive of purpose) ¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced nslJeLe&keÀ – OeelegmeeefOeleced

27. Hejeref#elegced Heefj + F&#ed 1 Dee.He. legcevle - DeJ³e³eced~ 28. efvecee&legced efvejd + cee 2 He.He. legcevle - DeJ³e³eced~

eq®Je – ªHeeefCe~ (eq®Je -Forms)

¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced YetlekeÀeueJee®ekeÀced efue*dieced efJeYeeqkeÌle: Je®eveced *29. mJeerke=ÀleJeeved mJe ke=À 8 G.He. eq®Je ªHeced keÀle&efj-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced

keÀce&efCe – efJeO³eLe&keÀ – OeelegmeeefOele – efJeMes<eCeeefve~ (Potential Passive Participles)

¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀce&efCe-efJeO³eLe&keÀced efue*dieced efJeYeeqkeÌle: Je®eveced *30. Hejer#eCeer³e: Heefj F&#ed 1 Dee.He. keÀce&efCe-efJeO³eLe&keÀ-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced *31. ves³eced veer 1 G.He. keÀce&efCe-efJeO³eLe&keÀ-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced efÜleer³ee SkeÀJe®eveced veHegbmekeÀefue*dieced ÒeLecee,

efÜleer³ee SkeÀJe®eveced

keÀce&efCe – YetlekeÀeueJee®ekeÀ – OeelegmeeefOele – efJeMes<eCeeefve~ (Past Passive Participles)

¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀce&efCe- YetlekeÀeueJee®ekeÀced

efue*dieced efJeYeeqkeÌle: Je®eveced

32. He=<ìced Òe®íd – He=®íd 6 He.He. keÀce&efCe-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced efÜleer³ee SkeÀJe®eveced veHegbmekeÀefue*dieced ÒeLecee,

efÜleer³ee SkeÀJe®eveced

33. Deeveerleced Dee veer

ve³ed 1 G.He. keÀce&efCe-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced efÜleer³ee SkeÀJe®eveced

veHegbmekeÀefue*dieced ÒeLecee, efÜleer³ee

SkeÀJe®eveced

34. oÊeced oe – ³e®íd 1 He.He. keÀce&efCe-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced efÜleer³ee SkeÀJe®eveced oe 3 G.He. veHegbmekeÀefue*dieced ÒeLecee,

efÜleer³ee SkeÀJe®eveced

35. ke=Àlee ke=À 8 G.He. keÀce&efCe-Yet-Oee-efJe. m$eerefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced

keÀle&efj – YetlekeÀeueJee®ekeÀ – OeelegmeeefOele – efJeMes<eCeeefve~ (Past Active Participles) ¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced keÀle&efj –

YetlekeÀeueJee®ekeÀced efue*dieced efJeYeeqkeÌle: Je®eveced

*36. Òeme=lee Òe me= mejd 1 He.He. keÀle&efj-Yet-Oee-efJe. m$eerefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced *37. Òesef<eleJeeved Òe F<ed 4 He.He. keÀle&efj-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced *38. GkeÌleJeeved Je®ed

ye´tt 2 He.He. 2 G.He.

keÀle&efj-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced

*39. DeeveerleJeeved Dee veer – ve³ed 1 G.He. keÀle&efj-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced 40. DeeieleJevleew Dee ieced – ie®íd 1 He.He. keÀle&efj-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee,

efÜleer³ee, mecyeesOeveced

efÜJe®eveced

41. veerleJeeved veer – ve³ed 1 G.He. keÀle&efj-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced42. ke=ÀleJeeved ke=À 8 G.He. keÀle&efj-Yet-Oee-efJe. Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced

10 

Std. X : Sanskrit ‐ Makarand

10

Jele&ceevekeÀeueJee®ekeÀ – OeelegmeeefOele – efJeMes<eCeeefve~ (Present Participles) ¬eÀ. ªHeced cetueOeeleg: ieCe:, Heoced Jele&ceevekeÀeueJee®ekeÀ efue*dieced efJeYeeqkeÌle: Je®eveced*43. ie®íved ieced – ie®íd 1 He.He. keÀle&efj-Je-keÀe-Oee-efJe Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced44. DeYee<eceeCe: De Yee<ed 1 Dee.He. keÀle&efj-Je-keÀe-Oee-efJe Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eveced

(`De' is added for negation)

veeceeefve~ (Nouns)

¬eÀ. ªHeced ÒeeefleHeefokeÀced ÒekeÀej: efue*dieced efJeYeeqkeÌle: Je®eveced*45. je%ee jepeved DeVevleced Hegbefue*dieced le=leer³ee SkeÀJe®eveced*46. mesJeeJe´efleve: mesJeeJe´efleved FVevleced Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee, efÜleer³ee,

mecyeesOeveced and

yengJe®eveced

Heáeceer, <e<þer SkeÀJe®eveced47. veece veeceved DeVevleced veHegbmekeÀefue*dieced ÒeLecee, efÜleer³ee,

mecyeesOeveced SkeÀJe®eveced

48. Jemleg Jemleg GkeÀejevleced veHegbmekeÀefue*dieced ÒeLecee, efÜleer³ee, mecyeesOeveced

SkeÀJe®eveced

49. HeefLe HeefLeved FVevleced Hegbefue*dieced meHleceer SkeÀJe®eveced50. jesefieCe: jesefieved FVevleced Hegbefue*dieced ÒeLecee, efÜleer³ee,

mecyeesOeveced and

yengJe®eveced

Heáeceer, <e<þer SkeÀJe®eveced meceemeHeefj®e³e:~ (Compounds)

ÜvÜ:~¬eÀ. mecemleHeoced efJeûen: efJeYeeqkeÌle: meceemeveece1. osMeefJeosMes<eg osMee: ®e efJeosMee: ®e~

(countries and foreign countries)

les<eg~ Flejslej-ÜvÜ:~

DeJ³e³eerYeeJe – meceeme:~

¬eÀ. mecemleHeoced efJeûen: efJeYeeqkeÌle: meceemeveece2. ³eLeeLe&ced DeLe&ced Devegme=l³e~

(accoding to meaning)

– DeJ³e³eerYeeJe:~

efJeYeeqkeÌle – lelHeg©<e:~

¬eÀ. mecemleHeoced efJeûen: efJeYeeqkeÌle: meceemeveece*3. mesJeeYeeJe: mesJee³ee: YeeJe:~

(nature of service)

– <e<þer-lelHeg©<e:~

4. ©iCeeue³eced ©iCesY³e: Deeue³eced~ (house for sick) Note: `Deeue³e' is Neuter Gender.

but when it is the last constituent in a compound word, the compound word becomes masculine gender.

leced~ ®elegLeea-lelHeg©<e:~

5. keÀe³e&yeengu³eeled keÀe³e&m³e yeengu³eced~(abundance of work)

lemceeled~ <e<þer-lelHeg©<e:~

11

01 : efMe<³eesÊece:~6. mJeie=nced mJem³e ie=nced ~

(own house)

– <e<þer-lelHeg©<e:~

7. mece³eeYeeJeeled mece³em³e DeYeeJe:~(scarcity of time)

lemceeled~ <e<þer-lelHeg©<e:~

ve_ed – lelHeg©<e:~

¬eÀ. mecemleHeoced efJeûen: efJeYeeqkeÌle: meceemeveece*8. DeYee<eceeCe: ve Yee<eceeCe:~

(silent)

– ve_ed-lelHeg©<e:~

GHeHeo – lelHeg©<e:~

¬eÀ. mecemleHeoced efJeûen: efJeYeeqkeÌle: meceemeveece*9. Meem$e%e: Meem$eb peeveeefle Fefle~

(one who knows science)

– GHeHeo-lelHeg©<e:~

10. ef®eefkeÀlmekeÀ: ef®eefkeÀlmeeb keÀjesefle Fefle~(one who treats)

– GHeHeo-lelHeg©<e:~

11 mene³ekeÀHeoced i. mene³eb keÀjesefle Fefle~ mene³ekeÀ:~ (one who assists) ii. mene³ekeÀm³e Heoced~ (post of assistant)

– GHeHeo-lelHeg©<e:~ <e<þer-lelHeg©<e:~

keÀce&Oeej³e:~

¬eÀ. mecemleHeoced efJeûen: efJeYeeqkeÌle: meceemeveece*12. cevomJejsCe cevo: mJej:~

(low voice) lesve~ efJeMes<eCe-HetJe&Heo-keÀce&Oeej³e:~

*13. Hejceienve: Hejce: ienve: ~ (very difficult)

– efJeMes<eCe-HetJe&Heo-keÀce&Oeej³e:~

*14. megefJeK³eele: i. efJeMes<esCe K³eele:~ (distinctively famous) ii. meg<þg efJeK³eele:~ (very well-known/famous)

– Òeeefo-keÀce&Oeej³e:~ Òeeefo-keÀce&Oeej³e:~

15. cenejepe: ceneved jepee~ (great king)

– efJeMes<eCe-HetJe&Heo-keÀce&Oeej³e:~

yengJe´erefn:~

¬eÀ. mecemleHeoced efJeûen: efJeYeeqkeÌle: meceemeveece16. Meevle®eslemeced Meevleb ®esle: ³em³e me:~

(one whose mind is calm)

leced~ yengJe´erefn:~