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Refresh Annapolis ValleySTEAM Powered!Maker Space / FabLab @AcadiaUTerrance Weatherbee, Acadia University Fred C. Manning School of BusinessDavid Duke, Acadia University History and Classics / ESST

OverviewBackground and (brief) history of 3D Printing (3DP) & Maker PhilosophyThe impact of 3DP/Maker Philosophy on educational models opportunity or disruption? (Or both?)The impact of 3DP/Maker Philosophy on economiesWhat 3DP will look like at Acadia, what it will look like in the Valley and Western Nova Scotia

What is 3D Printing? a Definition3D printing is properly called additive manufacturing the creation of 3D objects from a digital file (usually) in a layer-by-layer process (extrusive processing is also possible)

Printer head motion is controlled by the software-generated 3D model that is built up in slices

What is 3D Printing? Some HistoryIts a lot older than you might think its been around since the early 1980s; high-end systems have been used for rapid prototyping since the late 1980sAnd for biologic construction too since the late 1990s2004 Adrian Bowyer conceived of the Replicating Rapid-Prototyper (RepRap) a self-replicating 3d printer concept that utilised open-source datasets for the generation of plastic objectsOpen-source drove price down, rapidly, as did hardware competition

Plastic is only one of many materials that can be 3D printed. Above: Yoda in wood fibre

Making and ImaginingThe digital files that form the basis of the 3D printing process can be original creations from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) softwareOr they can be digital scans of real-world objects using digital scanners which can be expensive

Or Not. Matter and Forms Bevel 3D

The Bevel device ($79US) connects to an iPhone5 via the headphone jack to produce 3D photography using the associated app but the photographs can also be imported into CAD software. Microsoft Kinect ($110US) can do the same thing, and 3D photography is likely to be an in-built feature of the next Android OS

As Price Goes DownInnovation Goes UpInnovation is spurred by the linkage of 3D printing (and associated tech, such as laser cutting) with Makerspaces (a.k.a. FabLabs) to exemplify and amplify a new culture of creativityCommon location of Makerspaces/FabLabs universities and libraries

Above: the FabLab at Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland one of at least 10 in a country of 325,000

Above: one of the 3D Cube2 printing clusters at U. Michs Digital Commons FabLab

What does this look like?From a historical perspective, it looks a lot like going back in time to before the Industrial Revolution (wait, what? Isnt that bad?)It has the potential for tremendous personal / local / regional empowerment what does this productivity entail in comparison to the way we do things now?

Above: Timbuk2 workshop in San Francisco part of the effort to reboot the citys manufacturing base, on an artisanal foundation and 3D Printing / Maker Philosophy is a cornerstone of the policy Above Right: Typical British Domestic System home, ca. 1750

The single room is dominated by a spinning wheel which is being worked by a young lady the spinster. Food is being cooked in the same room. A ladder on the left of the picture will take the workers to their bedrooms once work for the day is finished and a window allows for light and ventilation. The amount of yarn produced in such a situation is clearly minimal.If a worker did not work in his own home, he might work in a small workshop. Everything was done on a small scale. Even the coal mines to fuel local cottages rather than send coal further afield were small with shallow bell pits being the favoured type of mine as opposed to deep coal mining.What was so good about the domestic system ?the workers involved could work at their own speed while at home or near their own home. children working in the system were better treated in this system than they were to be in the factory system. As the women of a family usually worked at home, someone was always there to look after the children. conditions of work were better as windows could be open, people worked at their own speed and rested when they needed to. Meals could be taken when needed. as people worked for themselves they could take a pride in what they did. Tension in the work place was minimal as the family worked as a unit. the best home produced goods were of a very good quality though this probably was not true at a general level.

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STEAM SpaceStudioTechnologies forEntrepreneurship inArtisanalManufacture

STEAM Space

3d PrintingScience, Technology, Engineering, ComputingAppliedDigitizationStudentsFacultyCommunitySTEAMSpace

Innovation CorridorTerrance WeatherbeeDonna SearsAcadia University

Innovation corridor

STEAM Space @ Acadia

STEAM Space @ Acadia

STEAM SpaceACOAFoundationsPartner Development

Acadias STEAM SpaceAcadias new STEAM space will be a locale where students, community members, Acadia faculty, and businesses can collaborate to explore the potential of maker culture in ways limited only by imagination

Right: printed model of the gravestone of a US Civil War soldier; history students (for example) could create a database of 3D scans of graves in Annapolis Valley burial grounds for historic purposes

Who can use it?

Everyone! STEAM space will be open to community members, school groups, members of the Acadia community, and beyond, as a place to develop new thinking, to link the digital and physical worlds, and to learn the potentials of this revolutionary technology.

Impact on EducationThe mission of Acadia University is to provide a personalized and rigorous liberal education; promote a robust and respectful scholarly community; and inspire a diversity of students to become critical thinkers, lifelong learners, engaged citizens, and responsible global leaders.

STEAM willBuild problem-based learning environmentsStimulate design thinkingPromote community engagement and sustainable thinkingDevelop 21st-century skill sets (linking STEM with Liberal Arts)Enhance cultures of entrepreneurship and transdisciplinary learningEmpower students as creators as opposed to simply consumers

The 3d Printing Difference

Digits to Widgets

And Back Again

The Universal Hammer

Democratizing Design

Moores Law & Innovation

Personalization

The game changing nature of Additive Manufacturing is not to be found in the technology itself but rather in the economic and social ecologies it will disrupt or enable.

Thoughts on Impacts

Additive Manufacturing in an of itself is an important form of technology. However, it is not what individual 3d printers do that is really critical so much as what the other changes that 3d printing will foster or enable. As with the Internet, it is the new ecology that will form around 3d printing that holds the potential for really significant economic and social change.

Materialization of information: Digital-to-thing and thing-to-digitalUniversal Tool: One tool can make radically different thingsDemocratization of Innovation and Design:Personalization rather than Customization

I suspect that many of these effects will parallel those we have already observed in the music and publishing industries.

Materialization of Information. Because of its ability to translate the digital into the material (and the technology for and back again, e.g., 3d scanners) this will change the where and when of production and making. This will disintermediate the relations in our current economic infrastructure and it will decouple the supply chain from the product chain.

Universal Tool: no need to change the tool (production line) to switch what is being produced.

Democratization of Design: This will change the who in who designs products.

Democratization of Innovation: Moores law meets product evolution.

Personalization instead of customization.

Collaboration, Open Source and Sharing will produce new markets and economic forms.

Taken together this means that the classical barriers of market entry based upon scale will shift dramatically. All of which will give rise to many new business models; from distributed manufacturing, micro-manufacturing, pop-up manufacturing. 26

Supply & Product Chains

Economic Infrastructure

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Intellectual Property

Business Models

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This is a testdesigned to provoke an emotional response