steel and sustainability sustainability your name your title date event location
TRANSCRIPT
Steel and Sustainability
SUSTAINABILITY
Your Name
Your Title
Date
Event
Location
Air Quality/ Personal Health
Water Quality/ Community Health
Resource Management/ Responsibility
Green/ Environmental
Protection
Sustainability/ Environmental Preservation
Stewardship/ Environmental Management
THE ENVIRONMENT
GLOBAL WARMING
GLOBAL WARMING
• At the very least, you can think of sustainability as an added feature… at the very most, you can think of it as a long-term strategy for a better-performing, more energy-efficient building.
• Efforts to reduce energy consumption or improve IAQ are akin to a better grade of countertop or more impressive fixtures.
GLOBAL WARMING Short- vs. Long-Term Thinking
Up-front costs are typically 2% to 5% more… but better equipment and materials can turn into reduced energy costs.
Balance: higher-efficiency windows can equal smaller HVAC systems.
There are expensive conventional buildings and expensive green buildings… and there are inexpensive conventional buildings and inexpensive green buildings.
GLOBAL WARMING Short- vs. Long-Term Thinking
“Even if you doubt the evidence, providing incentives for energy efficiency and clean energy are the right thing to do for our future—because the nation that leads the clean energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy.”
GLOBAL WARMING
THE ENVIRONMENT
MARKETINGPUBLICATIONSREDESIGN
Non-Residential ConstructionTHE MARKET
2010: down 16% from 2009 and 64% from peak in 2006
$120-145 billion opportunity by 2015 (the construction market accounts for 13.4% of the $13.2 trillion U.S. GDP)
THE GREEN MARKET A Rise in Green
2005
2008
2010
2015 (estimated)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
U.S. Non-Residential Green Building Market
Per
cen
tag
e o
f T
ota
l U.S
. No
n-R
esid
enti
al
Bu
ildin
g M
arke
t
BUILDING IMPACT
Buildings Account For:• 65.2% of total U.S. electricity consumption
• 30% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions
• 136 million tons of construction and demolition waste in the U.S.
• 12% of U.S. potable water use
Domestic Energy Use
Buildings39%
Industry33%
Transportation28%
STRUCTURAL IMPACT Structural Impact
Environmental
SocialEconomic
Sustainable development: “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
SUSTAINABILITY
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
LEED 2009
Energy & Atmosphere
31%
Water Efficiency9%
Sites24%
Regional Credits4%Innovation &
Design5%Indoor
Environmental14%
Materials & Resources
13%
LEED
100 possible credits plus 10 extra credits
LEED
• MR Credit 1.1: Building Reuse—Maintain Existing Walls, Floors and Roof
• MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management
• MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse
• MR Credit 4: Recycled Content
• MR Credit 5: Regional Materials
• ID Credit 1: Innovation in Design
LEED Opportunities for Steel
LEED
…or minimize?
Divert…
LEED
1 credit if 50% of site waste is diverted from a landfill; 75% = 2 credits
Construction Waste Management
Project siteSteel mill X%
Fabricator
Per USGBC, the steel fabricator is the final point of assembly and is therefore the manufacturer in terms of LEED Local/Regional Materials credits (unless steel is
delivered directly from the mill to the site).
LEED
Percentage (based on cost) of the total materials package that is recovered and manufactured within 500 miles of the project site. 10% = 1 credit; 20% = 2 credits.
Regional Materials
LEED Regional Materials
LEED Regional Materials
Economic efficiency
Resource utilization
Material recovery rates
Material feedstock source
Manufacturing stages
Transportation methods
Equivalent utilization
Regional Materials – What’s Wrong?
Melt = 100 to 150 tons
Electricity, scrap, water
High demand for scrap
Collected within 400 miles
Multiple
Water, rail or truck
Project basis
1 ton of steel ≠ 1 ton of concrete ≠ 1 ton of wood
LEED
Defeating the purpose ≠ good
FROM FARM TO FORK
Transportation Options
Barge = 1 ton @ 675 miles/gallon Rail = 1 ton @ 450 miles/gallon Semi = 1 ton @ 150 miles/gallon
FROM FARM TO FORK
MARKETINGPUBLICATIONSREDESIGN
LEED Building Reuse
Building Reuse (reuse existing envelope, walls, roof and floor)
1 credit if > 55%; 2 credits if > 75%; 3 credits if > 95%
Summit Place, West Allis, Wisc.
MARKETINGPUBLICATIONSREDESIGN
LEED Material Reuse
Material Reuse (salvaged or refurbished from elsewhere)
1 credit if > 5%; 2 credits if > 10% (based on cost)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory – Research Support Facilities, Golden,
Colorado
Sum of post-consumer recycled content plus one-half of the pre-consumer content constitutes at least 10% (based on cost) of the total materials package = 1 credit; 20% = 2 credits.
LEED Recycled Content
Steel Recycled Content Value =(Value of Steel Product) (Post-Consumer % + ½ Pre-Consumer %)
Total materials value for a project =Material costs of CSI MasterFormat Divisions 3-10, 31 and 32
or 45% of the total cost of those divisions
LEED Steel Takes LEED with Recycled Content
EAF 72.6%BOF 28.9%*
* Unless EAF documented
Innovation in Design
Path 1: Exemplary Performance (3 possible points) 1 point (each) for exceeding MR 4 and MR 5 by an additional 10%
Path 2: Innovation in Design (5 possible points)Castellated beams
LEED
Extra Credit(s)?
Material Efficiency• Reward designs that make the most with the least• Eliminate finishes and expose structure (AESS!)
Design for Deconstruction• Easy disassembly and reuse of materials
• Catalogue and store pieces for reuse• No return to the mill
BEYOND LEED
Then (1980)
• 12 labor hours/ton
Now
• 0.5 labor hours/ton
• 47% reduction in carbon footprint (since 1990); on track for 10% more by 2012
• 40% higher strength (since 1990)
• 67% reduction in energy use (since 1980)
• EPA best performance recognition
STRUCTURAL STEEL Industry Improvement
Sustainable Material
High strength-to-weight ratio – material efficiency
Superior water resource management results in a 95% water recycling rate with no external
discharges (70 gallons/ton)
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Water is Important
1 ton of steel = 70 gallons
1 glass of beer = 20 gallons
1 lb. of steak = 1,857 gallons
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Sustainable Sites
Off-site fabrication, minimal on-site assembly of steel components
Negligible on-site waste generation
Minimal off-site waste generation
All waste is fully recyclable and marketable
Reduce partial loads of steel materials (saves on gas)
STRUCTURAL STEEL
MARKETINGPUBLICATIONSREDESIGN
Sustainable Fabrication
Solar panels and daylighting
Material tracking and documentation
More energy-efficient processes and machinery (reduce idle time of shot blaster)
Cut-length optimization (less scrap)
STRUCTURAL STEEL
STRUCTURAL STEEL AISC Member Fabricator Survey
Criteria• Global warming potential• Acidification potential• Eutrophication potential• Smog potential• Non-renewable energy primary demand
Collected Information• Steel received and fabricated• Scrap generated• Water usage• Electrical usage• Waste disposal• Fuel usage (natural gas, propane, diesel)• Welding/cutting supplies• Chemicals (paint, lubricants, cleaning agents)
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Fabricator impact on overall environmental impact: 18%-20%
Opportunities:
Electricity
“Waste” steel (20%)
AISC Member Fabricator Survey
STRUCTURAL STEEL NREL Case Study Findings
Fabrication Process
• Fabrication shop lighting upgrade would result in an annual 400,000 kg reduction in CO2 emissions and cost savings of over $55,000 dollars.
• Reducing average daily idle time of the main shot blaster would result in an annual 41,000 kg reduction in CO2 emissions.
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Fabrication Process
• Rail transport from fabrication to the jobsite could reduce CO2 emissions by 76%, when compared to truck transport.
• Optimize material cut lengths via expanded coordination between fabricator and designer to evaluate steel sizing options early in the design phase.
• Early review of structural dimensions and connections may identify opportunities for member sizing to better align with the standard manufactured sizes.
NREL Case Study Findings
74.3 KW Solar Electric System
Expected cost savings: • $4,638 in first year• $280,400 (with a 3% annual energy rate inflation) lifetime savings
Environmental savings:
• 2,000 tons of CO2
• 6,000 trees planted• 209,000 gallons of gasoline
AISC Member Fabricator Hamilton Construction
Springfield, Oregon
GREEN FAB SHOP
MARKETINGPUBLICATIONSREDESIGN
Sustainable Projects
No limitation on building life span
Easily deconstructed (bolting)
Minimal, if any, ongoing maintenance required
Allows for large glazed areas for natural lighting
More exposed steel = less materials to hide it (AESS)
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Recycling Aspects
Highest recycled content of any material = 93.3%
Highest recycling rate of any material = 98%
Significant potential for material reuse
Not down-cycled or just recycled, but multi-cycled with no loss of functionality
A true cradle-to-cradle material!
STRUCTURAL STEEL
EVOLUTION LEED and the Codes
ASHRAE 189.1
IGCC
BUILDING CODES
Sustainable Infrastructure Project Rating System
• clear of purpose?
• properly applied?
• consensus-based?
• balanced?
Is it…
Greenwash?
BUILDING CODES
At the state level:
More than 30 states now require public buildings to meet LEED criteria in some way
LEED, enforced
At the local level:
More than 40 states now contain municipalities with some sort of LEED mandates
CALGREEN, the nation’s first statewide green building code, went into effect January 1, 2011.
BUILDING CODES
2.40 tons CO2/ton
1.40 tons CO2/ton
.937 tons CO2/ton
.936 tons CO2/ton
.895 tons CO2/ton
.762 tons CO2/ton
.730 tons CO2/ton
.620 tons CO2/ton
LCA Carbon Footprint
Who’s “right?”
vs.
LCA Life-Cycle Analysis
LCA
Two Buildings
SteelMethodist Women’s Hospital Medical Office Building, Omaha• 151,910 sq. ft, five stories• Completion expected this year• 1,211.49 tons of steel and 5,813.77 cubic yards of concrete.
ConcreteUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Durham Research Center, Omaha• 280,000 sq. ft, eight stories• Completed in 2006 • 1,940.75 tons of steel and 15,650.41cubic yards of concrete.
Life-Cycle Analysis
LCA
IncludedMaterial production, fabrication, construction, end-of-life deconstruction/landfill for the structural system
Not IncludedUse and maintenance, exterior shell, interior finishing
Functional UnitOne sq. ft of building space
Criteria• Global warming potential• Acidification potential• Eutrophication potential• Smog potential• Non-renewable energy primary demand
Data• GaBi LCI Database (Five Winds)• Site-specific production data representative of current construction techniques
Life-Cycle Analysis
LCA
1 sqft Concrete Bldg. 1 sqft Steel Bldg.
Global Warming Potential
Steel Fabrication 0.1070 0.944
Steel Parts 4.60 6.60
Fireproofing 0 0.0817
Concrete Curing Chemicals 1.00E-03 1.00E-03
Concrete 13.4 9.2
Machinery Diesel Use 0.223 0.252
Transportation Diesel Use 0.648 0.469
Construction Electricity 0.0195 0.0163
Construction Water 1.61E-04 2.60E-04
Landfill: Concrete 2.58 2.00
Landfill: Steel 1.35E-03 1.55E-03
0
5
10
15
20
25
kg C
O2
equi
vale
ntGlobal Warming Potential
Life-Cycle Analysis
LCA
• Global warming potential (kg CO2 equivalent) 9%
• Acidification potential (mol H+ equivalent – air pollutants into acids) 8%• Eutrophication potential (kg Nitrogen equivalent) 9%• Smog potential (kg Nitrous Oxide equivalent) 14%• Non-renewable energy primary demand (Mega-Joules) -1%
Steel Building
Life-Cycle Analysis
Material isn’t moot… but there is more to the picture.
A sustainable, collaborative design process is the key.
LCA
91% 81%
100%96%101%
134%
87%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
Concrete Steel - Average Fabricator
Steel - Worst Fabricator
Steel - Best Fabricator
Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv.]
Acidification Potential [mol H+ Equiv.]
Eutrophication Potential [kg N-Equiv.]
Smog Potential [kg NOx-Equiv.]
Non-Renewable Primary Energy Demand [MJ]
Life-Cycle Analysis
BIM, Steel and Early InvolvementDESIGN PROCESS
BIM, Steel and Early Involvement
Design-Bid-Build• $2.8 million• $19.44 per sq. ft• 910 tons of steel• $3078.82 per ton
Design-Build• $2.35 million• $16.28 per sq. ft• 772 tons of steel• $3037.57 per ton
Schedule savings: 17 weeksEstimated reduction of steel package carbon footprint: 25%
DESIGN PROCESS
St. Vincent Mercy Hospital, Toledo, Ohio (Ruby + Associates)
Art Iron, Inc. (Steel Fabricator)
OUTSIDE THE BOX Nasher Art Museum, Durham, N.C.
RENEWABLE
Recognize sustainable design and construction is a growing market and movement
What can I do?MOVING FORWARD
Avoid the “popular” issues – be analytical
Understand LEED
Support the development of a balanced, consensus based standard for all construction materials in
high-performance, green buildings
Maintain and provide accurate inventory data
Operate in a sustainable manner—turn off the lights!
Engage in collaborative design with the full project supply chain
THANK YOU!
There’s always a solution in steel.sustainable
^
Geoff Weisenberger
Director of Industry Sustainability
American Institute of Steel Construction
Steel Solutions Center
866.ASK.AISC
www.aisc.org/ssc
Steel and Sustainabilitywww.aisc.org/sustainability