stefan machleidt leslie klein michail yordanov. virtual engineering: design of optical see- through...
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Stefan Machleidt
Leslie Klein
Michail Yordanov
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays
Stefan Machleidt
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 3
Overview
Principles of OpticsBasic ApproachImplementationSummaryFuture WorkDemo
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 4
Fermat´s principle (principle of least time)
The path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time.
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 5
i
ii dnOPL
ni: refractive index of material i
di: distance of part i
Law of refraction (Snell´s law)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 6
1
2
2
1
)sin(
)sin(
n
n
1
2
1n
2n
Law of reflection
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 7
21 1 2
Convex Lens
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 8
Convex Lens
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 9
Convex Lens
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 10
Convex Lens
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 11
Convex Lens
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 12
Important for design of optical see-through displays
Concave Mirror
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 13
Thin Lens Formula
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 14
fSS
111
21
Spherical Aberration
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Distortion
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cushionshaped
barrelshaped
object
Human Eye
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Overview
Principles of OpticsBasic ApproachImplementationSummaryFuture WorkDemo
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 18
Objectives / Basic Approaches
• Intuitive manipulation of optical elements• Real-time calculation
=> Sequential arrangement of optical elements• Potential for extension of the range of optical elements
=> Uniform structure for optical elements
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Structure / Algorithm
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Eye
Overview
Principles of OpticsBasic ApproachImplementationSummaryFuture WorkDemo
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 21
Mirror / Combiner
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Mirror / Combiner
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 23
Mirror / Combiner
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 24
Mirror / Combiner
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 25
Mirror / Combiner
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 26
Convex Lens
First Approach: Approximation (Thin Lens Formula)
Pro:• Fast calculation• Independent from lens size
Contra:• No distortion• Inaccurate
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Convex Lens
Second Approach: Accurate Calculation of the Optical Path
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 28
QxYnxYxXnxPXnxxOPL )()()()(),( 212121121
Convex Lens
Second Approach: Accurate Calculation of the Optical Path
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 29
QYnYXnPXnOPL )()()()(),( 212121121
2
1
Convex Lens
Second Approach: Accurate Calculation of the Optical Path
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 30
...2
arccoscos2),(221
2
2
2
21
2
1122
22
2
2121
PMMM
PMMMPMPMrrPMnOPL
Convex Lens
Second Approach: Accurate Calculation of the Optical Path
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 31
QhYnhYhXnhPXnhhOPL )()()()(),( 212121121
Convex Lens
Second Approach: Accurate Calculation of the Optical Path
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 32
QhYnhYhXnhPXnhhOPL )()()()(),( 212121121
242
2
3221
222
2
521
222
221
2
121121 ),( ahahnhhahhnahahnhhOPL
Convex Lens
Second Approach: Accurate Calculation of the Optical Path
Pro• Accurate placement of focal plane
Contra• enormous complexity• no unique solution:
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 33
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 34
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 35
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 36
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 37
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 38
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 39
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 40
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 41
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 42
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 43
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 44
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 45
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 46
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 47
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 48
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 49
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 50
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 51
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 52
Convex Lens
Third Approach: Approximation (Ray Tracing)
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 53
Concave Mirror
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Summary
• Linked list algorithm• Ray tracing approximation
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Future Work
• Occlusion / side effects• Additional objects:
- Aspherical lenses- Aspherical curved mirrors (windshield)
• Binocular systems
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Demo
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 57
Discussion
Virtual Engineering: Design of Optical See-Through Displays 58