steiner, george - in bluebeard's castle (yale, 1971)

8/11/2019 Steiner, George - In Bluebeard's Castle (Yale, 1971)

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H L MMRAL LU F


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W eem to tand, n egad to a toy of utue, ee Batk udt tanden e ak to open te at doo on te ng


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YAL UVRY PR: HA


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Bubrd'

CastleOME OTE

OWARD E RDEIIIO O CUURE

g


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Copyrght 19 by George Stener.

A ghts reserved Th book may ot be

reproduced, whole o i part ay form

(beyod tht copyg permtted by Secto 07

ad B of the US Copyrght Law d except by

reveers for the pubc press), thout rttepermso /rom the pubsher

Lbrary of Cogres cataog card umber: 0-584

terato tandard book umber 03000I50I-I coth)

Deged by Say Suva nd set Lotype Grmod type

300-0I7I0-3 paper)

Prted the Uted Sttes of Amerc by

The Murry Prntg Co

Wet/ord Mschusetts

4 I3 2 II 0 8


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For Daniel and Joanna Rose

aque e ondement de peuves /e po tepond pa une ave d' aveni R h


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MT

I h ee my hk he Uvey f Ke eu he Tuee f he T S Mem

ecue Fu he v he ce f hk ee gve lecue fm ug Mch 9

Thk e ue M We f he e

Sch h much f he mel

me vule cec ugge

S


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ONENS

Te Gea Ennui

A Seaon in Hell

n a Po-Culue

Tooow


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1 The Great Ennui


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Se Nte t the Reet f lte

my uttle f ce, tee et f

lt Ns f 98 Nt ttctve k Oetht gy th the hck f ecet m, t m he ctl uce fm the gmet eve

fty vge. Yet the N wad h Df fCuu em f teet Thy e vuy the ct f m f ecetl cutee Thght my

ey e etug t ue e lt lef e

t t the te t tht e , ve, y,

gc ee t mge f the t Thee e fte

hghy tce electve myth mge ymlc ctuct f the t e mte mt the

me f geetc fmt, u ety ch

e htc e m tef the ce ctvemythlgy f t t f t e fm the cul

te. t tet t ee f etty, f ege e cheve

met gt tht t. The eche y hch cety eek

t eteme the ech, the gc thty f t vce cme fm the e. vety, the mechm t

k e cme te ue t vt ee fctty. cety eqe teceet hee thee e

t tuly t h hee cmmuy e eemle fte g tev f e ject, ecey t tee t the gmm f eg cete ytellecl emtl t The hty f the e

3


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Bebeard Cae

eg f me Ie e e . Bu heulme mve my e mehy M hy eem

y k vege f e. A me me le eme me hg ee ee m ge.

A ee e y eee m he u e

g. The myh f he Fll u ge h y uleg. Thee hy vz eh hly

vul ue h e ly e m f ee f he

Smehee g u ke h k e

fe hh m h h ly yh

gly g he ul g f eg

ue Wee ulue uue, h qu

ee u eey m Bu h ke e eul fm Ou ee feeg f y f ege lee m uee u eyme f e fue f vlue he he

mee f el me u fe f e

k ge hh vz elf e hve k my e e e ml l f h

evhee fe gh ey vee e m h f he emy m

eve he fe he eemg elfevee fm m. Beh y ue f u elfg

he eee evve lgelyueme f u f e ge me

Ou eeee f he ee he ugme fe

egve h e mke f u e hy y


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T G E

nuly agns a I wn cl "my nnn cnuy mgnd gdn lbl culu '

Ou snsbly lcs a gdn n ngland and wsn p bwn ca 1 8s nd 91 5 . nl

da s a cnvnnal ndsncn, bu nd lng summ s apclypclly c mn us

landscp a unmskbl A g and ganng l-acy ul lw A dublss mpc y acvly

spadng us psnv ms gvnmn. P

vacy a m nd n vncasng masu say n ss. An uncd cgnn cl cnmc

and cvlzng s scncs, and cnlgy acvmn, ccsnlly mad bu sdy pusud

pcul csnc bn nn sas as, n cbnd w spdc cpns m Wl

Smm A dynamc, umnly gulad npy b

wn sc mby and sabl ns c and cusmn cmu. A nm dmnnc lb mpd

by cnvnnl nsugnc bwn gnans, bwns and sns Su ngnmn y a sng subpv agd sn culd g n ls can b

asy ndd nd dald My pn s mks c and cnlng mag symbc sucu

psss w nssnc cv mygy n u

cun cndn lngpndng n u nss, w cay w us dn

bs and pcs s cmpl w. pn "knws a bygn g n wc mnns w sc and cdn


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Bbrd' C

domtcatd. Th ocologt know o an uran cultur

argly mmun to anarchc challng and uddn gut o

volnc Th rlgou man and th morat know o aot poch o agrd vau Each o u can ummon upapproprat vgntt o th wllordrd houhod, wth

t prvac and domtc o th Sunday park lurd

and a o Latn n th chooroom and apotoc nn th collg quad o ral ooktor and trat parla-

mntary dat Bookmn "know n a pcal ymoc-

ally tructurd n o th word, o a tm n whch rou

trary and cholary producton, marktd at ow cot,

ound a wd or crtcally rponv cho. Thr ar tlla good many av today or whom that amou cloudl

ummr o xtnd ackward, a ong way, nto a worldmor cvl, mor condnt mor humanly artcuat thanany hav known nc It agant thr rmmranc

o that grat ummr and our own ymolc knowdg o

t, that w tt th prnt cold

I w pau to xamn th ourc o that knowdgw ha that thy ar otn purly trary or pctoral,

that our nnr nntnth cntury th craton o Dcknor Rnor w ltn to th htoran, partcularly on th

radca wng, w larn qucky that th "magnd gardn, n cruca rpct, a mr cton W ar gvn to undr-

tand that th crut o hgh cvt covrd dp uro oca xpotaton; that ourgo xual thc wr a

vnr makn a grat ara o turulnt hypocry that

th crtra o gnun tracy r applca ony to a


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he Great E

w that hatrd wn gnratons and classs ran dp

on slnt that th sat o th faubug and o th

park was asd squarly on th lcnsd ut quarantndmnac of th slum. Anyon who taks th troul to ndout wl com to ralz what a days wok was lk n a

Vctoan actor what nant mortalty amountd to n

th mnng country o northrn Franc n th 8os and8os. Th rcognton s nscapal that th ntllctual

walth and stalt o mddl and upprmddlclass l

durng th long ral summr pndd drctly on co-nomc and ultmatly mtar domnon ov vast portons

o what s now known as th unddvlopd or thrd

world All ths s manst W know t n our ratonal mo-

mnts Yt t s a knd o ntrmttnt knowldg lss mmdat to our puls o lng than s th mythology th

cystallzd mtaphor at onc gnrazd and compact o

a grat gardn of cvl now ravagd.

In pa h nntnth cnury tsl s rsponsl for

ths nostalgc magnng. On can assml rom s ownpronouncmnts an anthology o strnuous or complacnt

prd. Th not o Lcky a can hard at numrous

momnts and n drnt placs n Macaulays amous

ncomu of th nw horzon o scnc n th Essay on

Bacon of 837t has lngthnd ; t has mtgatd pan t has

xtngushd dsss; t has ncrasd th frtlt of

th so t has gvn nw scurts to th marnr; t


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8 Bebead Cate

ha urhd w arm o h wrror; ha pad

gra rvr ad uar wh rdg o orm u-

kow o our ahr; ha gdd h hudrolocuouly rom h ha o arh; ha lghdup h gh wh h pldour o h day ha x

dd h rag o huma o; ha mulpld

h powr o huma mucl; ha acclrad mo-o; ha ahlad dac ha aclad r

cour corrpodc all rdly oc all dpach

o u; ha ald ma o dcd h dpho h a o oar o h ar o pra curly o

h oxou rc o h arh o ravr h lad

car whch whrl alog whou hor o cro h

oca hp whch ru ko a hour aga hwd Th ar u a par o ru ad o r

ru; or a hloophy whch vr r whch

ha r aad whch r prc law

progr

Th apoho a h clo o Faust I Hgla horc

m wh docr o h lralzao o Spr h

povm o Augu Com h phloophc cm o

Claud Brard ar xpro o h am dyamc r

y o a ru h uoldg xcllc o ac W

look ack o h ow wh wldrd royBu ohr ag hav mad hr oa. Th mag w

carry o a lo cohrc o a cr ha hld ha auhory

grar ha horcal ruh. Fac ca ru u o rmov


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he Great Enn

I mchs som proound psychologcl nd mor nd.

I gvs us pos dlccl counrwgh wh whch o

su our own condon. Ths pprs o b n mosorgnc cusv procss Mn o h Romn Empr

lookd bck smlry on uops o rpublcn vru hos

who hd known h ae rgm l h hr lr yrshd ln on n on g Crcumsnl drms und

wr prsn nghmrs I m no skng o dny hs

procss or o xpound n uhnc vson o h lb

rl ps I smpy propos o look h "summ o 8 " rom mwh drn prspcvno

s symbolc whol whos conrsng vus snd mos

n ndcmn o our own dculs bu s sourc o

hos vry dculs I s my hss h crn spccorgns o h nhumn o h crss o our own m h

compl rdnon o culur r o b ound n h long

pc o h nnnh cnury nd h hr o h

compx bc o cvlzon.

Th mo I wn o x on s h o eui Bordom sno n dqu nslon nor s Lagwee xcp pr-hps n Schopnhurs usg a a coms much nrrI hv n mnd mnod pocsss o uson o cumu

lv deme Enrgs rodd o roun s nropy ncrss. Rpd moon or ncvy sucny

proongd scr poson n h bood n cd orpo.

Fb hrgy; h dowsy nus (so prcsy dscrbd

by Colrdg n h Bi gaphia Lieraia ) o mn who


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10 Bebeard Ce

m a tp n a dar arathr ar many approx

mat trm and mag Baudlar' u o "pln om

lot t onvy th nhp th mulany o xapratd, vagu watngut or what?and o gray latud

Rn ngal n longuur l otu ourn

Quand ou l lourd oon d ngu ann

nnu rut d la morn nurot,

rnd l proporton d lmmortaltorma tu n plu matr vvant

Quun grant ntour dun vagu pouvant

Aoup dan l ond dun Sahara rumu

Un vux phn gnor du mond nouu

Oul ur la art, t dont lhumur arouhN hant quau rayon du oll qu ouh.L Fu du /6]

"Vagu pouvant humur arouh ar gnal w hall

want to p n mnd. Wha I want to tr hr th at

that a orrov ui a muh an lmnt o nntnthntury ultur a wa th dynam optmm o th povt and th Whg t wa not only n Elot arrtng

*Nohng rmnl s hos lmpng dys I Whn h hhvy s of snowond yr I fr of drry phy I Tk

o dmnsons of vrlgs. I Hcforh, oh lvng form yo rnohng mor I Thn lo of grn srondd y n of dsnc rror, I Drowsng h dps of msy Shr I Yo rnohng mor hn old phnx dsrgdd y rlss world, IForgo on h mp, n old sphx whos rc mprmn I Gvhong rvrro oly o h rys of h sng


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he Gre Enni 1 1

phrase the sous o housemaids hat were damp A kind

o marsh gas o boredom and vauity thikened at ruial

neeends o soial and intelletual e For every text oenthamite ondene o proud melorism we an nd aounterstatement o nervous atigue 1851 was the year o

the niversal Exhibtion but also o the publiation o agroup o desoate autumnal poems whih audeare issued under the sgniant title Le Lbe o me the most

haunting propheti outry o the nineteenth entury is

hohile Gautiers putt la barbarie que l'ennu wean ome to understand the soures o that perverse onging

o that ith or haos we wil be nearer to an understandingo our own state and o the reations o our ondition to

the ausn idea o the pasto string o quotatons no statstis an reapture or

us what must have been the nner exitement the passionateadventure o spirt nd emotion uneashed by e eventso 1 89 and sustained at a antasti tempo unti 1 8 5 Far

more than poital revolution and war on an unpeedented sale o geographial and soial ompass is involvedhe Frenh Rvouton and the apoleon Wars

ane lteraly qukened the pae o et tmeWe lak histories o the nterna tmesense o the hangngbeat n mens experiene o the rhythms o pereption ut

we do have relabe evidene that those who ived throughthe 1790s and the rst deade and a ha o the nineteenthentury and who ould reall the tenor o le under the

old dispensaton et that time itse and the whole enter


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12 In Bebed' Cte

p of oncoun had fomda aad. Kan' -

pud an on h monng ak hn n am of h

fa f h Ba and h don of h Rpucan gmo a h anda of human aa an h Jan un amag of h ga hang. Evn n h mnd of onmpoa ah ucv a of poa ugg and oa

uphava ook on a dn gaph ndvdua. Qavn-z a fa mo han mpoa dgnaon h and fo ga om of ng fo mamo-

pho of h hoa andap o von a o aqu,

amo a on h mpd magnud of gnd (B

au mu o mmda novn h hang n h

hap of m, h dvopmn of Bhovn mp of

h dvng pu n h mphon and cham mu dung h van a of xaodna ho nd

pchoogca n

ogh h h aando, h oud a go

ng mo dn of han xpn h noon d

u o ou a Bu od on u unmakafom onmpoa au and pva od h mod

n advmn nom aou "fng mo av han

fo had a fo Un h Fnh Rvoun

and h mah and ounmah f h Napoonam fom Counna o Moo fom Cao o Rga h

o had n v ag h pvg nd o of h

f Can n p of dnd noun. A hu

man ng u o gna da o xpaona h o da. Bu h p ov hm h da


24/152

he Gre Enn 13

mysy s h vns of 89 o 8 5 h nrpnr

common, pv xsnc wh h prcpon of hsoc

procsss h leve e masse of h Rvouony rmsws f mor hn n nsumn of ongconnud wfrnd soc ndocrnon I dd mor hn rmn h

od convnons of pofsson md wrfr As Goh

nod cuy on h d Vmy, popus rms h

concp of non und rms mn h hso hd com vrymns mu ncforh n Wsrn cuur,

ch dy ws o ng nws prpuy of crss r

wh h psor sncs nd unforms of h ghnh

cnury md mmor n Quncys ccoun of h

ms cng hrough Engnd wh nws of h nnsur

Wrs Whrvr ordnry mn nd womn ood cossh grdn hdg, hy sw yons pssng As g

compd h Pemelgy, whch s h ms smn of h nw dns of ng, h hrd h hoofs

of Npoons sco pssng hough h nocun s

on h wy o h of nW so c hsory of h fuur ns (n nohr

conx m ng o show wh uch phnomnoogy of

nrn gmr oud ) Bu s c h h Rvou

onry nd Npoonc dcds ough on n ovrwhm

ng mmnnc dp moony sssd chng n h

quy of hop Expcons of progrss of pson nd

soc nfrnchsmn whch hd formry hd convn

on ofn gorc chrcr s of mn hozon

suddny movd vy cos h gr mphor of nw


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Be berds Ce

o h crao, a y a cod comg o cular grac

o a u, raoal cy or ma ook o h urg drama

o cocr poly Th ra omorrow o uopapocal vo cam, a wr Moday morg W

xprc omhg o h dzzyg o oa po

liy wh radg h dcr o h Cv ad oh aco rgm uc upro povry ar o

radcad w h gorou hour Th ord o hd wor k a orgh hc I h grammar

o SaJu h uur vr mor ha mom

away I w k o rac h rrupo wa ha vo

daw o prva liy w d ook oy oWordorh' Prud ad o h pory o Shlly Th

crowg am prhap o oud Marx comc ad poica maucrp o 1844 No c arlyChra had m l o ar o rovao ad o hd o gh

Th quckg o m, h w vhmc ad ho

rcy o prva cocou h udd ar o hmac uur corud o a markd chag ho o xual rao h vdc pla ough. I

com a arly a Wordworh Lucy pom ad h p

rag rmark o xua app h 18oo Prac oh yrca Baad dcar l rom a comparo,

v curory w Sw Jura t Sta ad Kalr o ay Braw Nohg kow o a a arr

prod ruy rm h dramazg lcagag

rocm o Haz' xraorday br Amr ( 823


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h Great E

Man lmnts a n pla th sxualaton of th v

landscap makng of wath sason and th patcua

hou a smolc statmnt of th otc mood a compulson to xpnc mo ntmat to xpnc s to

th last ptch of nvous sngua and at th sam tm

to mak ths xpnc pul can mak out what must

hav n contuto causs th patal mancpaton of

womn and th actual ol of a num of thm n poltcaf and agumnt th akdown of usags of dcou

and fomal tcnc whch had n a pat of th castsstm of th anen ge t s not dcult to s n whatwas an ntnscaton and wdnng of th otc could a countpat to th dnamcs of vouton and Euopan

conqust Nvhlss th phnomnon wth ts culmnaton n Wagns amalgam of os and hsto mans

complcatd and n ctan gads oscu Th fact thatou own sxuaty s dstnc postomantc that man of

of ou own convntons stm dctl fom th valuaton

of th otc n th pod fom Roussau to Hn dosnot mak analss an mpl

But takng ths dnt stands togth on can sa

condnt that mmns tansmutatons of valu and

pcpton took pac n Euop ov a tm span mo

cowd mo shapl gstd ndvdua and socal

snslt than an oth of whch w hav lal cod

Hgl coud agu wth goous logc of flng that hs-to tslf was passng nto a nw stat of ng that ancnt

tm was a an nd


27/152

1 In Blebead atle

What foowd wa of cour, a on p of racton

and a Dpndn on on poltcal dom, on can

hr a a ntur of rpron a ouro hat hadnd th Frnch Rvouton and h Napolonc trava-

ana o own conom advanta or a a hundrd ar

of ra raduam and cvd ordr Bron onl convuv u onand rvoluona pam n 180,

848 and 8 and hort war of an nnl prof-

ona, ocal onrvatv charactr uch a th Crman

and th ruan Wr th hundrd ar pac hapd

Wtrn oc and talhd h crra of cultur whch

hav unl vr rcnt n our

To man who pronal prncd h chan h

drop n tnon h aupt drawn of curtan aan thmornn wr dp nrvatn o h ar afr

Wroo hat w mut oo for th root of th ratui hh a arl a 8 Schopnhaur dnd ah corrov ln of th nw a

What wa a fd man o do afr Napoon Howcoud oranm rd for th crc ar of rvoluton and

mpra p rath undr th ladn of mddcla

rul How wa po for a oun man o har h

fahr ta of h rror and of Aurt and to amdown th pacd oulvard to th counnhou Th pa

drov ra tth no h ra pup of h prn a-pratd, owd wld dram. Of that apraton com

a major traur Mut Cfs u fat usie x8 56 oo ac wth ronc mi on h tart


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he Geat Enni 1 7

o f h ga odom h gao of 8 was damd mmos of vs of hos whch had a o

soal a I usd wh u fods d cualsss dual u No dou h was a

csssm hs ulvao h som comacc of

dams who fom Goh o ugv sough o d

f wh Ham Bu h vod was a ad h ssao

of hso go asudl wog Sdhal s h chocof gus of hs fusao H had acad h

sa va of h Naoloc a h coducd h s

of hs f h oc gus of a ma ad s a

l hg o lagussa du au lus au

mom d a v d s as usqu vg ( Ml d La

Mos codo fo sh solvs o ov u Sol L Rug t l i) Madss dah a fal o h

mal Suda ad su of a ougos lffom

How ca a cua a o fl wh hmsf som

hg of Boaas gus somhg of ha dmoc

sgh whch d fom osu o m ad s fohm ohg u h awd ass of uauca? Rasolov ws hs ssa o Naolo ad gos ou o l a

od woma

h coas of vouoa hos af 8 5 h ua

dcao of m ad adca xcao lf a svo

of uusd uu gs h omac gao was

aous of s fahs h ahos h sdd

dads h wold of Sdha Muss Bo ad ush-

mov hough h ougos c odo ou


29/152

8 Be beads ate

f wk O ws k cndr agl pnsnd

r h s al Movr h c sf nc fs

v wh h csn f rvlun had c a psnF ahugh pcs had nrd h phas f and

ndac analzd Sndha n Lucn Luwn hcncndusa grwh lasd cnnna wa and

h cnralzd cnscusnss f h nw nansas ok

pac xpnna Th dark Sanc s wr vwhr cang h sld hd andscap whch w hav

nhd h h f anan so va an h

f h css o cuur s as h Hg and SanSn

w ang h s alz dcl rlad h dvl-

pn f assanuacur s n h arl and d

nnnh cnur ha ccu h h dhuanzan flang n and wn n h assmlln ss andh dsscan wn dnar ducad sns and

h ncasng cpx chngcal afacs f da

f In anufacur and h n ak ngs arrd

f rvuna acn wa culd nd u and scalappva Such xpssns as Napns f nanc

and apans f ndus a sanc aks f hs

dulan.Th ns grwh f h narndusal cplx

as rugh wh h dn c wha a ar p was cal h galpls whs uncnrlal clula dvsn and sprad nw hrans chks uch f ur vs Hnc h dnn f a nw aj

cnc ha wn h ndvdua and h sn sa ha


30/152

he Get E

m, t momt ovrhlm hm. Th ur fro

th ts hords of fclss htts huts th -

tthctur mto Somtms th mtropolis s u, th crzd tropc roth of d ims dBrchts m Dickh d Sad A m must mk hs mrk

o ts drt mmst or h l cst o k thrs th d otsm hch osssd Budr I hs

vto of Rstc, look do o rs chllth ct to mortl comt Blzc drmtzd o of th

focl pots of th modr crss t s prcsl from th830s ord tht o c osrv th mrc of

chrctrstc coutrdrmth vso of th ct d

st th ftss of Scth d Vdl vso, th

Mool stds slk thr thrst th fots of thulrs Grds A odd schoo of pt dvops

pcurs of odo rs or Brl s s coossl rus

fmous ldmrks urt vscrtd or octd rd

mptss mo chrrd stumps d dd tr Romtc

fts tcpts Brchts vfu proms tht othshl rm of th rt cts xcpt th d tht losthrouh hm Exct hudrd s ltr ths poc

ptc cols d mr drs of th d of om

p r to our photorphs of Wrs d Drsd

It ds o pscholss to sust ho stro prt

of shfulmt thr s ths tthctur

tmtos

h coucto of xtrm coomctchc dm

sm th lr msur of forcd soc mmo


31/152

20 Blebead' atle

conuncton on c a cntury o lbral bourgo cvl

zaon a but mad or an plov mtur It provokd

n o art and o ntlgnc crtan pcc ult-matl dtructv rpot t m to m conttut

t manng o Romancm It rom tm tat ll gro

t notaga or datr

Hr I am on amar ground and can mov rapdlIn romantc patoralm tr a muc o gt fmt dvourng c a tr a rturn natur Wat ndco attnon t tnt to c crtqu o urban

oct tnd to bcom ndctmnt o all ormal complx

cvlzaton a uc cvzaton o cour a n t

t ord or cty ) Rouau nauralm a an obvou

dtructv dgRomantc otcm tat ongng or l pas liai or

"ar and orlorn rctd drnt urt ui alng o mponc n t ac o poltcal racton and

pltn rul a ungr or n color n ap npoblt o nrvou dcovr o t agant moro

proprt o bourgo and Vctoran mod t alo ad

t tran o prmtvm Wtrn cutur ad gon bad

n t tt tr mg b ourc o n von among

dtant avagr. Mallarm Bi mai concntratac o t lmnt nto an ronc ol

La car t trt la t a u tou l vr

Fur ba ur! n qu d oau ont vr


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he Geat Enn

Dtr prm cm co t ls cxR ls vx rs rts pr ls yx

N rtr c cr q s mr s trmp0 ts l clrt srt lmp

Sr l v ppr q lchr

Et mm lltt so t

J prtr Stmr lt t mtr

Lv cr por xotq tr!

U E sol pr ls crls spors

Crot cor sprm s mochors *

Romtc ls o lov otly th strss o cst

rmtz th l tht sxl xtrmsm th cltvto

o th pthologcl c rstor prsol xstc to lptch o rty somhow gt th gry worl o

mclss ct It s prmssl to s th Byroc

thm o mto throgh or ov th

Wgr Libsd srrogts or th ost grs orvoltor co

h rtst coms hro I socty m rt y rprssv thory th work o rt coms th qtsst ht s th cm pt orwr Brozs Bvu

*Flh i ad, l! nd ha ad ll ook I To t thatfa pla! I n tha th id a odnk nding thlv aidth nknown p nd ki! I Nothing, oh night hall hold k thiht, whih k tlf in th Nth th ln ighn of dk p Ov th lnk pp whih a whitn gd, I N thyong won ning h child I I hll lav St nd yowingng nd pa I R anho ond towad a xoi wldI An Enn, d dolat l hop, I Ha faith till n thp adi of wving hndkhif !


33/152

u

Cel n Zoa' Oeuve Sh nt urthr Thoughotard harrd and por th pot th una

kodgd gator o manknd Or a Vtor Hugoproamd h e Mage th dvn gtd nromarn th van o human progr. t not th propoton

thmv ant to ondr ut on th dgr o

apraton o trangmnt tn oty and thhapng or o pirt hih th tra.

A th urrnt o rutraton o uor ra and

o ron dat ar rgtrd th unquad pron

n th nov and prvat i o Faurt Th gur oEmma Bovar narnat a a ru trvazd v th

roud and thartd nrg o dram and dr or

hh mdnntnthntur ot oud ao no opL' Educa seeale i h grat "antBdugsrmath rord o an duaton "aa rom t and to

ard ourgoi torpor Buvad e Pcuche a ong hno oathng o naua at th apparnt unhaka rgmn

o mdda vau And thr Saab Wrttnamot xat n mdntur th rnti t ongad

narratv o oodut arar arar and orgat pantak u to th hart o our prom Th adm o th

ook t ar govrnd ah or avagr tm mmd-at rom Faurt aount o h on ondton Sn

adon h had t nothng ut "nata dr

and un nnu atro

Radng on th nov on houd hav nd muho th vod that a undrmnng Europan tat On


34/152

he Geat i 3

should hav non that eu as bdng dald an

tass o nang catastoph Most o hat has occud

snc has ts spcc ogns n th tnsons o nntnhcnt soct n a complx o atttuds whch n hnd-

sght thn o too adly as a modl o cultu tsl

Oght on to go uth? s t asonabl to suppos that

vy hgh cvlzaton ll dvop mplosv stsss andmpss toads sldstucton Dos so dlcatly bal

ancd smutanously dynamc and connd an agggatas a compl cult tnd ncssaly toads a stat o

nstablty and nally o conagaton? h modl ouldb that o a sta hch at attanng a ctcal mass a

ctca quaton o ng xchangs btn ntnalstuct and adant suac l collaps nad ang

out at th momnt o dstuction th ust that magntud

o vsbl blanc hch assocat th gat cultusn th tmnal phas s th phnomnology o eu and

o a longng o volnt dssouton a constant n th hstoyo sal and ntllctua oms onc thy hav passd actan thshhold o complcaton?

I ant to com bac to ths quston at dnt ponts

n my agumnt o as t at all s o cous to ollo on

Fud's vizat ad t Dtet and to consdonc agan th nhst pastoalsm o Roussau Fuds

ssay s tsl a potc constuct an attmpt to dvs a myth

o ason th hch to contan th to o hstoy h

noton o a dath sh opatv n both ndvdual and


35/152

4 n Bluebead's atle

ov osousss s, s Fud hms mphszd

phosoph op I gos k od h v

pshoog d sooog d. Bu h suggso so od o d Fuds po o h

sos whh vzd ms mpos o uud

hum ss ms vd As do h hs ud

psho tu (whh s s posDw

h h s hum os sp dvowds w, owds supm sso o dt h

os o mutu dsuo Ag w o tu o hs

ds Th ovous d o ompo

ho o uu

Whh h psh hsms vovd w u-

vs o hso ozd o hg s p h ws dss dd hs o whYs ws o h ooddmmd d Ouwd

d s, a belle poqe ws mg ovpAh ompusos w omg o ph

h h gd u No h poph mgs os dg, o dsuv gs d o s

om swg d h osss h mg

o om h m o o d Le Msable o mss Pice Caaasa h ms d hmoug v o Euop osm w, I hk o

h ouwd smpoms o hs ss ms d g w sd h posp o pugg


36/152

nn 5

F Clarks Voe Popheng W provds a lucd

accout of ths fascato of h atcpatos o gloal

coct potr ad cto as th cam to a had fromth 8os o. all ths mass of prmotor fatas ol

H G Wllss Wold Set ee was to prov whol accuratWrtt durg 3 t forsaw wth r prcso th

uqchal crmso coagratos of th atomc oms

Ad v Wlls could ot prophs th tru masur of hdssoluto of cvlzd orms of hua hops that was

to com


37/152


38/152

2 A Season in Hell


39/152


40/152

The Veese ros Kar Kraus remarked ha o

he maer o Her ohig ourred o hm

es mr hs ei How s oe o addressoese whou a persise eeg o auiy eve o -

deey o he heme o umae humaiy? s here y-

hig ew o be sad regardg he auses ad orms o he

breakdow o he Europea order he hiry Years' War

rom 95 o 945? ready he erare s oo exesve

ad speazed or a sge sude o maser omprses geera ad moograph maera hsory eoomis soioogy psyhoog ad iermedae dsipieshere have bee mpora sdies o mass behavor o he

oaiaria persoa o he reaos bewee ass o

ad word war eary every ae o he Versaesseeme o eoomi depresso o he oerao

amp sae has bee vesgaed How a oe hope o

oribue ayhig seu paruary o a geera heo

re haraer?

Ye hk oe mus ry arge as s he eraure re-

mais wh ve ew exepios urousy iousvehe very busess o raioa aayss grows useady beore he eormiy o he as osequey here have

bee ew aemps o reae he doma pheomeo o

weeheury barbarsm o a more geera heory o

uue o very may have asked or pressed home hequeso as o he era reaos bewee he srures

o he huma ad he surroudg oemporary marixo high ivzao Ye he barbarsm whih we have uder

29


41/152

30 Blebead atle

gon rcts, t numrous nd prcs ponts, th cultur

wch t sprng rom nd st ot to dscrt Art, ntllc-

tl pursuts t dvlopmnt of t nturl scncs mnyrnchs o scolrshp ourshd n clos sptl, tmporl

proxmty to msscr nd t dth cmps It s th struc

tur nd mnng o tht proxm whc mst lookd

t Wy dd humnst rdtons nd modls o condct

prov so frgl rrr gns poltcl stlty In fct

wr ty rrr, or s t mor lstc to prcv n hu

mnstc cultr xprss solcttons o uthortrn rul

nd crulty?

I l to s how ny rgmnt on t dnton o cultur on th vlty of th concpt o morl vlus, cn

vod ts qustons A thoy o cultur, n nlys oor prsnt crcumstnc wc do not v t thr pvot

consdrton of th mods of tror tht rougt on t

dth, through wr trvton nd dlrt msscr of

som svny mllon humn ngs n Europ nd Rss,

twn t strt o th rst World Wr nd th nd o thscond, sm to m rrsponsl

But thr s scond dngr Not only s th rlvnt

mtrl vst nd ntrctl t xrcss sutl corrupt

ng scnton Bndng too xdly ovr hdousnss onls qrly drwn In som srng wy t orror ttrs

ttnton t gvs to ons own lmtd mns spurous

rsonnc. Th lst poms o Sylv lt r th clssclocus o tt tmptton nd vrtgo m not sur whthr

nyon, owvr scrupulous, wo spnds tm nd mgn


42/152

A Sea He 3

av socs on hs da acs can o, indd, ough

o av hm sona inac. Y h da acs a a

h cn ass hm b and h can b no sous dscussion o h human ona.

As w hav sn anicaons o wa and anasis o

unvsa dsucon w Bu wih v w xc

ionssuch as Soovivs vsion o a nw ououng oAsaic hods ov Euo o gus somn, uncann

caivoan nvocaion o Amagddon n no onosaw h sca o saugh I is ha numica sca,

h da nvno o dah whch mas o h nd

o h Euoan od Diomac and miar hsoans

dba o his da whh h was no som aaingmiscacuaon Wha had und ossiona, ssna

imid waa no massac? Din acos nvnd

h mudous soidcaion o h nchs ow h

sh aa covd b h asn and wsn ons. Bu

h was aso on suscs a ma o auomaism onch aboa machnr o consciion anso andmanuacu had sid ino ga i bcam xcdng

dcu o so Th nis had is own ogic ousid

ason and human nds In aacing h bu ac o

causa, o ivsb im and uiaian ocss h

Dada movmn as i sang u n Zuch duing h wa

as was in ac aacing h abic o imon aionai

which, v da annd auhod, jusd h dah

o ns o housands


43/152

2 n Blebead Catle

And hr onc hor of clr fcs jor d

c W r gnnng o lz h xn nd nrcc

of h gnc n n soc hso B w hv vnnow onl rdn ns of ggng W know

sohng of h crcl ss of gnc rl nd d

vrs ndd o k cvzon nrgzd. W r

gnnng o ndrsnd l or hn w sd o o

h nr of oogc dg csd sch vns sh onc gs of h fornh nd svnnh cn

rs or h dolon of crn rovncs of Gr

n nd cnrl Ero drng h rlgos wrs B

or nsghs rn conjcur Wh w cn s hnk,

s hs h css of h rs Word Wr wr no on

noros h wr crl slcv cn lv rgd wh good dl of sorng socologc nd

dogrhc vdnc h h chrs of schndnd h So gd gnron of Engsh orl nd

nllc n h h lnd n of h s

fro h Eron fr h cs of h long sscron Frnc wr ovos rofond or dc o

ssss Wh h rvg of nr cdrs nd cons

h cos frc of Frnch lf ws hrown o of ln Mchof hs nvr rcovrd s qlr or lsc

W cnno hnk cr o h crss of Wsrn cl

ur o h orgns nd fors of orn ovns

n h Eron hrlnd nd h rcrrnc of word wr

who rng shrl n nd h Ero fr 8ws dgd n s cnrs of lf csv rsrvs of n


44/152

A Ses He

telligence, of nervous reslence, of poitical taent, had beenannhiated he satiric concet n Brecht and Georges Gros

of chldren murdered because never to be born has ts spe-cc genetic eaning An aggregate of mental and physcapotentaliy of new hybrids and varants, too manfod forus to measure was lost to the preservaton and further evolution of Western man and of his nstitutons Aready n a

bioogcal sense we are looking now at a dinished orpostcuture

W hat had been mscalulation and uncontroable mishap during the rst World War became method durng thesecond In turnng to the question of genocde I must ty

and be as scrupulous as skeptical as am able to be, regard-ng my own motives Much of my work has concernedtsef drely or indrecty with tryng to understand toarticulate, causa and teleoogica aspets of the holocaustMy own feeings are patently mpcated But so s the con

vton that an analyss of the dea and dea of uluredemands the fullest possibe understanding of the phenomenology of mass murder as i took place n Europe,from the Spanish souh to the frontiers of Russan Asabetween 1936 and 945

he failure of Elots ote towd Denition oClte to face the issue ndeed o alude to t in anythingbut an oddly condescending footnote, s acutely disturbingHow, only three years after the event, after the publcationto the world of fats and pictres that have surey al


45/152

n Blebead' s atle

trd our sns of th lmts of human havor, was

poss to wrt a ook on cultur and say nothng? How

was t poss to dta and pad for a Chrstan ordrwhn th hoocaust had put n quston th vry natur ofChrstanty and of ts rol n Europan hstory? Long

standng amguts on th thm of th Jw n Elots

potry and thought provd an xplanaton But on s notlft th lss uncomforta

Yt n approachng th thm I nd Eots nsstnc on

th rgous charactr of gnun cvlzaton, and hs con

cpton of cultur and rlgon as ng whn ach trm s

takn n th ght contxt, drnt aspcts of th sam

thng, argly prsuasv. It sms to m ncontrovrt

hat th holocaust must st n th framwok of th psychoogy of rlgon, and that an

undrstandng of ths

framwork s vtal to an argumnt on utur

Ths s a mnorty v Undrstanday, n an ort to

mak ths nsan matra suscptl and aral to ra-

son, socoogsts, conomsts, poltca scntsts hav strvnto oca th topc n a ratonal, scuar grd Thy hav n

vstgatd th opportunstc sourcs of Na racal thors

th long tradton of p-bougo rsntmnt aganst asmngy aoof, prosprng mnorty. Thy hav pontd,rghtly, to th psychoogcal symolc lnks twn n

atona colaps and th hstorcal assocatons of wyand th mony mark Thr hav n pntratng studs

o th mprfct, prhaps ovrhasty assmlaton of scuar

zd Jws nto th gntl communty an assmaton whch


46/152

A Seas i ell

poducd much of th ntlctua gnus of modn Euop

ut aso paculal n Gman took on th gus of a

compl lohat Soca hstoans ha shown how numous w th sgns of dlopng hsta twn th

Dfus aa and th nal soluon Dlat posons

had n lt loos It has n agud cognt that th

s an ultmat atonal at mudous mot hndNaz

and Stanst antSmtsm an attmpt to gt d ofa mno whos nhtanc and whos sl of fng

mak of t a nata mlu fo opposton fo potntalsuson

Each of ths lns of nqu s mpotant Togth th

mak fo an ndspnsal doss of hstoca and soco-

logca nsght But th phnomnon so fa as on s ato tak an cohnt w of t at all, s fa dp No

hstocal o socalpschologca modl put fowad ntl

now no pschopathoog of cowd hao of th pschc

nmts of nddua ads and klls no dagnoss of

pannd hsta accounts fo ctan sant fatus of thpolm Ths ncud th act ndncacas colaoatl unknowngf th ast majo

of th Euopan popuaton Th ncud th dat

dcson of th Natonal Socast gm, n n th na

stags of conomc wafa to qudat th Jws ath

than pot thm towads oous poduct and nanca

nds Most ngmatc of al phaps s th psstnc of

unt antSmtsm wh no Jws o onl a handfu

su ( fo amp n astn Euop toda ) Th ms


47/152

36 n BlebeardJ atle

ery n e proper eoogca sense s one of ared w-o presen objec.

We are no I beee deang w some monsros accden n modern socal sory Te oocas was no eresl of merey ndda paoogy or of e neroses ofne naonsae ndeed compeen obserers expeced ecancer o spread rs and mos rleny n France We

are noand s s ofen msndersoodconsderngsomeng ly analogos o oer cases of massacre oe mrder of e ypses or earler of e ArmenansTere are paraes n ecnqe and n e dom of aredB no onoogcay no a e ee of posopc nenTa nen akes s o e ear of ceran nsabes n

e fabrc of Wesern cre n e relaons beween n-sncal and regos lfe. Hlers jbe a "onscences a Jews nenon prodes a ce

o speak of e nenon of monoesm s o se

words n e mos prosona way Te cas of neece socal forms e lngsc conenons wc accom-paned e cange may be n e oass a Kades frompolyesm o e Mosac concep of one od are beyondreca. We canno feel or way no e mnds and skns ofe men and women wo edenly nder consran andamd freqen rebellon passed no a new mappng of eworld e ensy of e een s occrrence n reame are ceran and reerberae sl B ow e ancenconcreons of worsp e ancen naral reees of


48/152

A Sean n Hell 3 7

multudous amsm wr rplad w hav o way ofkowg h lght us towards us from aross th

rmotst horzo W hat w must raptur to md, asakdly as w a s th sgular, th brahammrgstragss, of th moothst da Hstoras of rlgotll us that th mrg of th opt of th Mosa Gods a uqu fat huma xpr, that a guly om

parabl oto sprag up at o othr pla or tm habruptss of h Mosa rvlato, th aly of th rat Sa, tor up th huma psyh by ts most at rootsh brak has vr rally kt

h dmads mad of th md ar, lk God's amuspkabl Bra a os ar ommadd to vst

blf obd lov a abstrao purr, mor assbl to ordary ss tha s th hghst of mathmatsh God of th orah ot oly prohbts th makg ofmags to rprst Hm H os ot allo maggHs attrbuts ar as Shobrg osly xprssd thm

M nd Aron,Uvorstllbar wl ushtbar;wl ubrblkbarl udlhlwg

wl allggwrtgwl allmhtg

oab baus b I bau mmauab I bau as; I baus a; I baus oms I bau omo


49/152

8 n Blebead' atle

No c gnc h v pd on th humn pt,wth t compulv, ognclly dtmnd b tod

mg towd gud pnc How mny humn bng hv v bn cpbl, could b cpbl of, houngn thmlv n nconcvbl omnpnc? To ll but vy fw th Moc od h bn fom th out, vnwhn pontly nvod n mmubl Abnc o mtpho modultng downwd to th ntul ph ofpotc, mgtc ppomton But th cton ty nfocmmn, lntl t hmm t humn con-coun dmndng tht t tncnd tlf tht t chout nto lght of dtndn o pu tht t tlfblndng W tun bc nto gon nd wht mo

mpotnt, nto lfpoch Bcu th dl tll th,bcu, n Bl hothnd fo th nny of th vld, lght p on th bn. n polythm yNtzch ly th fdom of th humn pt, t ctvmultplcty Th doctn of ngl Dt, whom mn

cnnot ply o gnt oth god nd thu wn opn pcfo th own m, th mot montou of ll humn o ( d unghulcht ll mnchlchnVungn )

n h lt wo Me d Mnheim Fud cbdth common of th o to n Egyptn pnc nd of th ctd hou of hnton Mny hv won-dd why h hould hv ought to hft fom h ownpopl ht upm wght of gloy Fud hml m


50/152

A eo He 3

to h bn nw of th ot t wl hop gfo y gnt

Hitoy th qunt of bout onothipod but intob Th Od Ttnt i odof tiny of podi but ptd on to th odgod who th hnd n touh nd th iginton houin Chitnty found uu outon hi tin-

ing othing of th dio nd ntid yboli nnt of onothi it llowd sop fo th ptipitoi nd of th pyh B t in th Tnitin pt in thi pofton of inty nd ng pono in th idy ti iton of od th Fthof Chit of My th Chtin hh h with

xpton bn hybid of onothti dlnd poythti pt Tht h bn th uppnnd ynti tngth Th ing uniginblgooy pking nthnkbod of th Dog hnothng to do with th thfod thooughly uid

pnthon of th hhBut tht od blnk th dt wod not t Thory of Hi ultit th pn of Hi Abnh godd tn n. Th nntnth nt thoghtt hd d th gt pt to t Th non txt Nith onoog of th dn in G SzTh wod o owhng thy o n th hrtof th bng of n tody tht wnt to qot n fl ndin th oiginl lngug :


51/152

4 n Blebead' atle

Wohn st Gott? r r h wll s uh sgn W rhbn hn gttthr und h! W r l snd sn

Mrdr! Abr w hbn wr ds gmht? W v-mohtn wr ds Mr usutrnn? Wr gb uns dnShwmm u dn gnn Horont wguwshn?Ws ttn wr ls wr ds rd von hrr Sonnostttn? Wohn bwgt s sh nun? Wohn b-wgn wr uns? Fort von lln Sonnn? Strn wrnht ortwhrnd? Und rwrts stwrts vorwrsnh n Stn? Gbt s noh n Obn und nUntn? Irrn wr nht w durh n unndhshts? Huht uns nht dr r Rum n? st snht ltr gwordn? Kommt nht mmrfort d

ht und mhr ht? Mssn nht Ltrnn morttg ngndt wrdn? Hrn wr nohnhts von dm Lrm dr otngrbr wh Gotbgrbn? Rhn wr noh nhts von dr gttlhnrwsung?uh Gttr vrwsn Gott st tot Gott

blbt tot Und wr hbn hn gttt! W trstn wruns d Mrdr llr Mrdr? Ds Hlgst undMhtgst s d Wlt bshr bsss s st untrunsrn Msrn vrbluttwr wsht ds But vonuns b?

Whereo hs God gone? he ed. sh te yo We hve sn hm-o nd ! A of s re h mrdeers Bt how hve we done ths?How hd we the me to drnk the se dry? Who gve s sponge toee he entre horzon? Wh were we ot wh we ncoped thJerh from tJ sn Where J the erth mong to now? Where re wemong? Awy from sns Are we fng contnosy And ckwrd nd sdewys nd forwrd n drectons? s there s ove


52/152

A Sen n He 41

Bu ha deed was eugh l a pschgs fNezsches geus ad vueabl cud expeece he

mude f Gd dec cud fee a hs w erveedss beag dm Thee was a ease vegeace hada smple wa f mag gd he ceues f mve of subcscus bu achg eseme agas he unaan-abe deal f he e Gd B g he ews, Wese

culue wuld eadcae hse wh had veed Gd,wh had hweve mpefecl, hweve esvel, bee hedeclaes f Hs beaabe Absece The hlcaus s aeex he me cmplee f beg ghbed f a-ua sesr cscusess, f scua phesc adams eeds. I speas f a wld bh de ha Sa

ad ewe ha Nesche he dug he s eas fNa ule Feud sugh shf a Egpa esps-b f he "ve f Gd, he was hugh pehapswhu ful nwg , mag a despeae ppasacca mve He was g wech he lghg d

u f he hads f he ewsh pepe was ae Theeps f Gds chce bu wh chse whmwas vsble he

ad a beow Ae we o wadei o a ou a uedi vodDoe vaa pae o beae a Ha i o ow ode ee

o pepeu ifa ad moe i Mu we o ae e mo Do we ea o of e oe of e avedie woae buy God ee o me of dive puefacio-e odao deompoe God dead God a ded Ad we ave kied im How a we comfo oueve wo ae ke above a kie eoe ad mie a e wod ad eo poeed a bed odea ude ou kve-wo wipe a bood o u"


53/152

2 In Ble beads asle

B h pci w m h mphicl. Mh pm ci f w bi h

mlih hmi. h B f h Pph h Sm h M pbl f which cll l h pphic iim ci ql c f ml m. Bc h w fmili f w f

ml cviliz h xmi f hi cll Ol hwh l hi lif i h fll f cicil lf-il hll lif h im i f h fh wh h willil ipp ml f bli f hli im h i lvii h mil plc F h icipl f h pph

f J h m hicl cmmi i li cmmbh bcm m m m m himlf w i i i h lml i w clim f h Ol h wh c wih Pcl l mi hibl ' h b b h Gpl liic

impivh impi w imblim h c f W hi i h pl fChi hc f h Chii ci f ih liiH m cl hp p ql? hw mh c w h pcip f cic lv f cm-pi f lfppi m h S ?Aplic f pcicl lif h pil cmic f pc " fh pp h p ccbw cl ic h chlicl m


54/152

A Sesn n He

But th cack oud ot md Th od ovl th dvdua cocc of Pacal, of Kkgaad, of

Dotovk ) B th ml c at v occao ofhta oh, th fatatc moa qumt mockad udm muda valu h t aachc lovagat ao a d of tm agat hto

Th ut of th cat dact a a ofoud u

balac at th vot of Wt cutu a coov uo t ubcocou Oc aga, a th abtact moot-m m had focd uo th da om of coductout of a atual ga Ad aga, h chag to -fcto cotud to gh o dvdual lv, o ocatm, hch th coud ot b hot mt

Th thd cofotato bt gt utoa ad thcomo ul of Wt f occu th th of mac ocam Ev h t oclam tf to b atht,th ocam of Ma, of Totk, of Et Bloch, dctlootd mac chatolog Nothg mo lgou

otg co to th ctatc ag fo utc th oh-t tha th ocalt vo of th dtucto of th bou-go Gomoah ad th cato of a cla ct foma I th vy aguag Ma 1844 mauct atd th tadto of mac om I a

atodg aag Ma m to aaha th voof Iaah ad of mtv htaty Aum mn to bmn ad h latoh to th old to b a huma oth ou ca chag lov o fo lov, tut fo tutW h huma otato adcatd th gm hal b


55/152

44 n Buebead aste

scoud fom th tid ath and th wod mad a gadnonc mo his is th sociast dam and milnay ba

gain Fo it gnations ha did In its nam fashoodand oppssion ha spad o a good dal of th athBut th dam mains magnti t cis out to man to nounc pot and slshnss to mlt his psona binginto that of th communiy t dmands that h bak down

th back walls of histoy that h lap out of thshadow o his pty nds hos who sist th dam anot only madmn and nmis o sociy thy btay thpat of ligh in thi own humaniy h god of topia isa alous god

Monothism at Sinai pimitiv histianity mssiani

sociaism ths a th th supm momnts in whichWstn ultu is psntd with what Ibsn tmd thcaims o th idal hs a th th stags pofoundlyintatd though which Wstn consciousnss is ocdto xpinc th blackmail of tanscndnc Smot

yousf Supass th opau bais of th mind to atainpu abstaction Los you if in od to gain it. Giv uppopty ank wodly comfot Lo you nighbo as yodo yousfno much mo o slflo is sin ak anysacic ndu any insut vn slfdnnciaion so thatstic may pvail ncasingly th blackmail of p-fcion has ammd at th confusd mundan goisticalfabic of ommon instinctual bhaio Lik shillingnot in th nn a Mn a nith saints no ascticsthi maginings a goss odinaiy thi sns of th


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SJn n H 5

utue s the next mestone But the nsstence o the deacontnued th a teble tactless oce

hee tmes t sounded om he same hstocal cene.(Some potcal scentsts put at oughy o pecent the popoton o Jes n the deoogca development o messancsocasm and commusm ) hee tmes Judasm poduced a sons to peecton and sought to mpose t

on the cuent and cuency o Westen le Deep loathngbult up n the socal subconscous mudeous esentmentshe mechansm s smple but pmodal hte motthoe who hold ot to gol n idel ionry promiewhch een thogh we he stretched or mcle to thetmot we cnnot rech which lp gn nd gin jst

ot o rnge o or rced ngeryet nd thi is crclwhch remin proondly deirble which we cnnot reject bece we lly cnowledge it preme le Inhs exaspeatng stangeness n hs acceptance o sue-ng as pat o a covenant th the absolute the Je became

as ee the bad conscence o Westen hsto In hmthe abandonents o sptual and moal peecton thehypocses o an establshed mundane elgos the Ab-sences o a dsapponted potentaly vengeu God eekept ave and vsbe

hen t tuned on the Je hstanty and Euopeancvaton tuned on the ncanatonalbet an ncanatonoten ayad and unaaeo ts on best hopes Its somethng lke ths that Kaka meant n hs aoganthle asseton that he ho stkes a Je stkes don


57/152

6 n Blebead s atle

m/mkd (n Mnn). t lcust tr sbt lutc rtrbut lsg ut gst tlrbl

rssurs f vs d lrg msur f slfmutltT sculr mtrlst rlk cmmuty f mdrr sugt t xtrt frm tslf frm ts rtc rcc rdculusly bslt but smxtgusbl crrrs f t dl I t z dmf vrm d stt tr s brusqu sgt tt fctus tur f mlty. ll t rmmbrcrt clm gt d yu ll v ccld t g dbt

T gcd tt tk lc ur d t SvtU durg t rd 45 Svt tSmtsmb rs t mst rdxcl xrss f t trd

c rlty fls trds fld ut s fr mrt ltcl tctc rut f lrmddlclssmls r rduct f dclg ctlsm t s mr sculr sccmc m It ctd sucdl muls Wstr cvlzt It s ttmt t

lvl t futurr mr rcsly t mk stry cmmsurt t t turl svgrs, tllctul trrd mtrl stcts f uxtdd m Usg tlgcl mtrs, d tr s d t lgz fr tm ssy cultur t lcust my b sd t mrk scd ll W c trrt t s vlutry xt frm t

Gd d rgrmmtc ttmt t bur t Grd bd us Lst ts rmmbrc ctu t fct t ltf brbrsm t dblttg drms r t rmrs

W t t btcd ttmt t kl Gd d t vy rly


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A Ses He 4

ucceful aem o kl hoe who had ieed Himciizaio eered reciely a iezche had foreold

o gh ad more igh.By he mid7o afer he e Cl Voaire ad

h iformed coemorarie ereed he code belefha orure ad oher beiaiie raciced o ubec oreemie were aig foreer from ciilized ociey. Like

he Black Deah ad he burig of wiche hee omberaaim from rimiie ad reraioa age woud oure he ew emr of Euroea eligheme Secularizao wa he key Torure ad he aihiaio of huma commuiie argued he phioophe rag direcyfrom reigiou dogmaim By rocaimig idiidua or

eire ocieie o be damed by reaig heir coicioa eleia hereie, church ad ae had deliberaelylooed faaicim ad aager o ofe hee me W ihhe decie i he regh of reigiou reed here woudfolow aid Volaire a oomia decie i huma

hared i he urge o deroy aoher ma becaue he ihe embodime of eil or flehood dierece woudbreed olerace

Today eacy wo hudred year laer we d oureei a culure i which he mehoda ue of orure owardolical ed i widey eablihed e come mmediaelyafer a age of hio i which milio o me, womead chidre were made o ah Currely i diee arof he earh commuiie are agai beig cieraed, orured deored There i hardy a mehodolo of abjecio


59/152

48 In Blebead's atle

and of pan whh s no beng apped somewhere at hsmomen o nddas and grops of hman bengs Asked

why he was seekng o arose the whoe of Erope oer heda torture of one man Votare answered n Marh762 "est qe e ss hoe By hat oken he wodtoday be n onsan and an r

hat ths shod be he ase s aasroph he wdesae reerson to orure and mass murder he ubqousse of hnger and mprsomen as poa meansmarknot ony a rss of uure b qe oneaby an aban-donmen of he raona order of man It may we be hatt s a mere fay an ndeeny to debate of the denonof ctre n he age of he gas oen of he art amps

of napam he op may beong soey o the past hstorof hope Bu we shod no ake hs onngency o be anatura fac of fe a paude We ms keep n sharp fouss hdeous noety or renoaton We ms keep ta norsees a sense of sanda so oerwhemng ha t aets

eery sgnan aspe of or poston n hsory and soeyWe hae as Emy Dknson wod hae sad o keep heso errby surprsed anno stress hs enough ToVotare and Ddero the besta mae of our naona andsoa oncts woud hae seemed a nat reurn to bar-barsm o mos ntegent men and women of he nne-

eenh entry a predcton that torture and massare weresoon to be endem agan n "zed Erope wod haeseemed a nghtmarsh oke here s nothng ntl abouor presen ondton here s no sefeden og or


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A Ses He 49

dnty in ou uent knowlede tht nythin s pos

sble n t suh knowlede orrupts nd lowes the

theshold o outre (only Kierkerd oresw both thenhote possiblity nd the orrupton ) he nb pro-

dlity o ou quntne with horo is dl humndeet

How did this deet ome bout? he subjet s not only

n uly one t brstles wth phlosoph trpsesely t the tme when Voltre ws von his tust

in the proress o ustie nd o humne powe eltons nquely onsequent pom o teo ws lso ben

devsed So muh petentious nonsense hs been wren

bout Sde n he pst twenty yes by philosophes psy

holosts nd ritssuh witn bein tsel symptomtiht one hesttes to revert to the theme nyone

who hs tied to ed Sde wll know tht the mtel s omnl monotony one s on t ut tht utomtsm

tht rzed epettiveness hs ts mportne t dets us

to novel nd pl ime o rther slhouee o thehumn person t s n Sde s n etn detls o Hoththt we nd the st methodil industlzton o the

humn body he totues the unntul shpes enoeon the vitims o Jtine nd the Centingt jor epesent with onste lo n ssemblylne nd piee

work model o humn eltons Eh lmb eh nee storn o wsted n turn wth the imptl old enzy o

the pston the stem hmmer nd the pnt dll

Eh pt o the body s seen only s p nd repleble


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5 Blebead' atle

b pr t purc utt f Sd u ul v brlt ct gua f t dv

i f lbr t fctr r Sd uggttt plc f pur r r lbrtr tt vrrt d ult f tcll fr prcpt f r tri r cgt

Tu tr a lkbt Eg d Ruk r i dubt t ubt ufctur tvv t lt gtt d tt ctur d vt trd duzt Wtcig tdbrutlzd fctr rkr pur t t trt Eg tt rrvr ubu pul lg. Tr dubtl c t cctrt cp r

prduc t lff f t fctr c t "lut t pplct t u bg f rud bll tciqu Blk f t "drkl ic ctprr t Sd crrd pccrg f prp

Yt t lg t p Ap fr prdc pd f rtl ltrtt t dt cp lk ttc kp f Jut r rgrul ct dcutrprductv T dbrt prdu t dutrl prc ud prt tt T brbr dptd t trutt f t dutrlvlut t trtd t u tr k pctf t tcg f tr But t urc ut bkd fr t dpr lv


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A Sao Hll 5

m dmic inc n dny of popuon n nw induilun mu n W

conduc good p of ou l md mncng joof cod nomou pu of compng numbuld up gn ou nd of pc of pc T u condco impu owd cnc. On onnd ppl m of uniom lif inc im

mny of ciy o bc cowd du n n ofindidu wo woll d m of ipc pnc On o nd nd cu ouown dniy nd b mong m of nonmou w u duc m blind nd og ou nd m oom n md in

iguing uggion of olocu o collp of cunc in 192 Lg nblo ll u gul n un mning Hing n undd ound n mllon, n blion Mndd o bu bd o p fo u ic odn mn

lo ll pcpion of conc noiy T m lgnum ind wi unli dppnc nd lqudon of popl i dnc mn nd womn on mpfcl dd o co in ing poximiy of ndulubn Accuuling o cnu inc in no ll n pc of wond moon in inny of ic lging m cd pologcl lim nd ggd ninc ofdon


63/152

52 In Bluebead Catle

I i urey oe h he heory of pero ideveop from Hege o Neche d Freud ( my

regrd, Neche rue dcipe eeiy heoof ggreio Hege dee de aga he ideyof oher W hee ooogcy reied cocoueof he fu ef w mpice he ueco perhp hederuco of oher A recogio goic Weme our ow eg he Age dd co, fer hedecc of muu ggreo or here yhg ihe y of hum reio rker h he ccouof do rcc exce whch Freud pu fod ihe pvo yer Love fudmey efove dhe do doe o wih o go eyod he oud of he

ier ef I deche ef fom he ef m efo hg ouide oy whe i oo fug pheomeoogy of crowdgwhe he rche of ered cocoue hree o rek dow he rucure ofhe ego he key eece , ofe Freud of mpc

e grime "edch mu m ege zu iee ch krk zu werde. Bu u ecue ove forced remedy, ecue he primy hru of he ido owrd geo of ee o he ef here ruhrough hum reo drve owrd he puverioof he rv pero

hu here my e he geocid reexe of he weeh ceury, he compuve ce of mcre hgou of he choked pyche emp o "ge r o rekhe ve prow of ioer hroged codio


64/152

A Seo He 3

Even a he pice f uin he vid quie f he ciy afehe fie sm he empiness f he ed afe he mass

mude may speak sme bscue bu pima need ffee space f he sience in which he eg can cy u ismasey.

Bu vauabe as hey may be hese ines f cnjecued n I hnk lead he cene is he ambiguus

afelife f eigius feeing in Wesen culue ha wemus k, he maignan eneges eeased by he decayf naual egius fms

We nw fm he plans f hse wh bui hem andfm he esimny f inmaes ha he deah camps cnsiued a cmpee cheen wd hey had hei

wn measue f ime, which is pain he unbeaable waspaceled u wih pedanic nicey he bsceniies andabjecins paciced in hem wee accmpanied by pescibed iuals f deisin and false pmse hee weeegulaed gadans f h whn he al cncenic

sphee. Lniver concentrtionnire has n ue cunepa in he secua mde. Is analgue is He he campembdes fen dwn minuiae he images and chnicles f Hel in Eupean a and hugh fm he wefh he eigheenh cenies is hese epesenains whichgave he deanged hs f Belsen a knd f expecedlgic he maeial ealiies f he inhuman ae deaied,endlessy in Wesen icngaphy, fm he msacs acel he panels f Bsch hey ae pepaed f fmhe fueenhcenu Hawings f He t is


65/152

4 I Brbd' Cl

a o al a y llly au

ly a w d cology o pa

o mag o l o d o gaouo. o udd magao dl o

yg acg mocy o dmd a plc

o p d loud o ov ad g aT lu o camp v Bu og

qul ull o a ovao Havg o

pol pc o hh e douy ac ad llgoc Gm m o Aucw ad

Tla ca m oy appoma o may

o a oo. Bu ov c gp cao 33o Ife ll mag o T vy pg

od o p

Lo po o l pag o laca'l duol c uova ugl occ oppo

olg o a a cc lamca *

ll lv av gpd oologcal om o camp old T cocao ad da camp o

cu wv y ud wavgm a e e e. Ty a ac o Hll om lo a o uac. Ty a dla acm o a log pc magg. B-

cau magd mo uly a ay o cau

gud caly o Hll od

h png hr or o p I An gf nng yloc h r I Tus nr o mk gon g


66/152

A Se He

emans ou teal gdeto the ames

to the e eds to the met hs In the as the mllen-

a noah} o ea and eneane tated n thesten mnd b Chstan dnes o dnaton as

eed

o enes ate oltae, and at a tme hen these

dnes had but nshed nto uesque oma

hs s the nt uh hs been sad o mn's bedement nd soltde ate the dsaeaane o Heaen om

ate bee. W no o the neuta emtness o the

ses ad o the teos t hs bouht. But t ma be at

e oss o Hel s the moe seee dsaton It ma be

that the mutaton o Hel nto metaho let a omdable

a i the dnates o laton o sooa eonton n te esten md he absene o the ama

ded oened oe h the moden totataa

sate lled. o hae neithe Heaen no Hel s to be ntol

eabl deed ad alone n a od one at. O the o

Hel oed the ease to eeate. ( he es had alasbeen moe detaled

In ou uent babasm an ent log s at o,

a d o tendent eee hose slo nomlete

death hs odued sote, aodst oms. he eloue to bee the ssae o eous bee nto holo

onenton seems to a moe daneous ess than the

phoophe antated e stues o dea ae to.eedn He e hae eaed ho to buld and ton eah A e mles om Goethe's ema o on e


67/152

56 n Be bed Cte

ses of Geee No skl hods geate menae. Beause we

hae t and ae usng t on ouseles we ae now n a pot

lte nloatng Hel aboe gound we hae assed out

of the mao ode and symmetes of Westen laon


68/152

3 In a Pot-Cultu


69/152


70/152

Fr, we m me wh nvenry we n heirreprbe yhgily h i n n ey bThe phyl, enmi renene mh

Erpe h been prig Mny iie re mre hn-me n pp hn hey were bere evn Themr n he l npe me by Wrl Wr I hebren ple he gge e b eeper hn here e by 194045 Ty ne n rve hrgh m

weern Erpe, n even he vie Unn n nn pree grn n whh e he he enWr Wr r ne wn relein he h hi 1945 t vn nn f eemen n renewh previe reive mnei w neen r

vve e lne prper gn, in he grphi preene he imee p reqenly, in w he liy ern whh me pibe he nln enirey mern inri pn The Germn enmmre rny b ey pprne he exen rn n he Reih

Ye he mehnie en nep lnpe nemprry Erpe n be ry The new e,rwe, enmlly ynmi my be he pebehn hem, pe cri empne The e e lien he rere rbn ener gre pn n

Altsttt, whe e, hve been rebl ne by nm-bere ne gernm p by gernum p hgrphly here i n wy eing he pn n he gble ieven rher hn bere B here i mehng nm

9


71/152

6 n Be bed's Cte

ay ami G to Dee o Waaw ta i oe of thequiitey ecompoe quae i eoa, a you wil

feel it The pefectio of eewa ha a acquee epthA if the light at the coce ha o ee etoe a ifthe ai wee iappopiate a caie ti a ege of eTee i othig myical to th impeio it i almotpaifuy litea may e at the coheece of a aiettig i hamoic with time tha the pepective of a teetof a oof lie that have ive thei atua eig ca eepicate ut ot eceate eve whee it i, ieal itiguihale fom the oiga epouio i ot thevital fom Haome a it i the O ity of Waawi a age et wakig though it the ivig ceate o active

eoace It i the image of hoe peciey etoe houefot of hoe maage ight a haow which I keepi mi whe tyig to icimiate ewee what i ieievaethough it may ti e aouta what ha iit the peue of life

have to leave out the geetic apect, a thi omiiomay e eveey agig Oviouy ou cue ateeect fomiale loe ot oy of huma meatheiiviua who wo ow e feeig a hikig withuut ao of fute potetiai eai tal fuuehave ee eimiate foeve fom the pec of poii. Bu a ai ealie ioocioogy a hitoicalgeetic ae yet too umetay oo oa i theicocepal cheme to alow ay epoile veialeetmate of what the phyioogica impaimet to Wete


72/152

I a Pst-Cute 61

ivilization has been W hat I want to onside is thedestution of inne foms.

The st of tese involves the loale of high ivilization.Westen ule woked on the assption often unex-amined, that its own legay the epetoie of its identifyingeognitions was in fat the best that has been said andthought. ut of JudaeoHelleni soues in a geogaphy

singulaly tempeed to eative man in a aial matix in-distintly but ondently felt to be peeminent, Westenhistoy had developed its pivileged stength of being Seenfom that ommanding nub the histoies the soial livesthe atisti and intelletual atifats of othe aes and teains took on a diminished oasional ai. ot that they

wee altogethe ignoed At dieent times slami anda Easten ultues impinged on the Euopean sensibilityEighteenthentuy noee the inteest shown b etain Vitoian thinkes and by the Geman idealist taditionin the light fom the East ae haateisti moments.

But in neithe ase as thee a feeling of genuine paitlet alone infeioity he myth of the noble savage had in-teioized a poeful hieahi dogma Westen sensibilitould dwell ith nostalgi admiation on eani vituesand even see in suh vitues a epoah to its own failigs

pesely beause its own pimay as not in seious ques-tion Both the pastoal nostalgia and the selfitiism deived fom a stable ful

hat stability was not seiously undemined until the1920s and 30s. The haismati appeal of babai foms


73/152

6 I Bebed s Ce

on he sc nd musc mgnon s occus n zzn Fauve n dnce n he new hee of msque nd

ul dew on seve come sns Bu cnno bedssoced fom he csohe of wod w nd he sudden vod of cssc vues he Afcn mss whch gmce ou of osCubc e boowngs of nd fo desBu even hese elosve nsnuons fom whou ddo nege he Wesen nhence he le connuedo ovde ouchsones of ode nd of h unboen connuum of neecu owe whch hd n n fc mdeuoen nd AngoSon mn vey lgey mse of heglobe

ody fe ony geneon of css hs cue oos

nqun Sognmonges nd seudohlosohes hvefmzed he Wes wh he noon h he whe mnhs been leosy on he sn of he eh h hs cvzon s monsous mosue o bes cue cunnngdsguse fo economc my eoon We e old

n ones of unve hyse ehe h ou cuue sdoomedhs beng he Sengen model of onlocyseo h cn be esusced ony hough voen nsfuson of hose eneges of hose syes of felg mos eesenve of hdwold eoles hess ue soul hes he beu of bcness nd of eoshs neomvsm o enenl msochsm) hs oosn he coe of he Wsen css nd needs o be undesoodboh sychoogcly nd sologcy I wl come bc ohe queson he on o me s n obvous one hee


74/152

I a PtCtre 63

cn be no ntr retn o the ot centty o the getoty of thnkng beng certny fo the yong, he

ge of Weten cte efeventy peror, e-boyng whn tef ot the u tot of nteectn o power, ehe ry tnge bty o e pece n Aec prtcryn Aec ,toy the n genetor n tehoe of ct en

the conent pvot of c geogrphy rreprbybokenTo wht extent re tht ene of o n tennt gt

teContry to the Scythn fnte of nneteenth-

centy pocyptc fbe bb coe fo the

Eopen hertn Thogh n protc n tteynegtng for potc betty ke on certn ofthe conventon, o n extern ve of hgh ctreAn we hve een the nfeton w n nero ntnce recproc. Mne by ui n the ethetc of

voence fr proporton of he nteigent n of thenttton of Eropen cvtonetter the ceythe perfong rtet nhnty wth vryng egreeof wecoe Nohng n the nextoor wor of Dchpnge on the gret wnter cyce of Beethoven chberc pye n Mnch No cnve ce o the ew the btche toe reverenty pt gebook nhn

t eqy te thtto n extent yet to be ggeby econoc n oc honny of the pe


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64 In Bebed's Cste

zo of ur, d hrrch mlc Wrulur drw o h ubjugo of ohr rc d co

. h fc o rdcd, oy quld, by h u-doubd m of crv xchg d bclmor cololm Scc d of dfbl owrrlo wh d owrd h r of h world rgzdh culurl rdomc of h W Bu o b

fu co h dcm mu o b rlzdwh lc d Euro cvlzo f urourrv chvmrry rc, hoohcr rbl from h mu of boum of xrmocl juc, v of gro voc, whch hy our-hd o b rgud rouly h quo of "h gu

of cvlzo mu clud o oly colom d hc of mr bu h ru ur of h robw h roduco of gr r d hough, o ho hd, d of rgm of vo d rrv ordro h ohr. I hor, rgum h volv o

oy h wh m l frc or Id bu ch ow wy, h Mdc cour, Rc rl, dh urr gu of Ru rur (I wh Slm h cry codo for Mdm P Solzhy?)

Bu howvr cugly, wh whvr l hyr, h rgum u, h fc of Wr domcdurg wo d hl m rm rgy ru. eoh Ndhm, who roro of h uurl dcc m fvor of h d, oby d


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a tt 6

e among he mo acnang magnave o moderntrn neecua advenure he mane cener o

hoohc cenc oec oce have been uaedwhn he Mederranean norh Euroean AngoSaxonraca and geograhc arx. he caue or h hegemonyare obvouy manod and very key oo comexy n-eracve or any nge negence or heory o hoy o

anayze hey may range rom conderaon o cmaeand nuron (he hgh eve o roen avaabe o Weern commune) he whoe way o hoe mnue cooca-on o genec nherance and accden abou hoehang roe n hory we know o e u remana rumor ough ha he word o Pao no

ha o he haman ha Gaean and Newonan hychave made a maor oron o human reay arcuaeo he mnd ha he nvenon o Mozar reach beyonddruma and avanee bemovng heavy wh e-membrance o oher dream a hee are And e ao

ha he vey oure o endcmen o remore nwhch much o educaed Weern enby now nde, agan a cuuray ec henomenon W haoher race have urned n enence o hoe whom heyonce enaved wha oher cvzaon have moray n-dced he brance o her own a? he reex o e-cruny n he name o ehca aboue once more acharaercay Weern oVoaran ac

ur curren ncaacy o ae hee obvou onoeny o coex wh hem oude a nework o gu


77/152

66 Blbard Catl

ad maoh mpu po r prom Sk

o plaa h ur o h pr w dma h pa

W o ha ay o m whh whar our proal lmao w ar d o ak par y our

hoy y our Wr laua y h arapa ad you wll urd o our k h ao moror h

da ad array rruur o hora r-mmra whh ul or o u ar uualy purou.

h umr o huma dowd wh umpahy o pra uy o aohr h u

o ak o h worldw h rul o oou o aoord or hrdword uur aly ry mallNary a h Wr uru ad pul who prolam

h w pal umm who pro o rohrudr h k wh h roud ul oul o Aa orAra ar l a rhora l hy ar h hap en faue ua By ru o h al loyawhh ommad h uao urhr rod our

mooal lual rr. I w ar o udradwhr poa oa rm h la pa w wro

w mu akowld o oy h ompara humaray of ha pa u alo our dur houh prolma lk h

A pr howr uh a pa luoy h o

d r I hk uapura. Rme e psd Rme

o ao would udor a la dly damad


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a Pt-Ctre 6

i h aiom o pror h aumpion dynamic in i

idnc ha h cr o Wrn hio wa acnd-

an Dou h r chaln o hi pruppoonI ha poind o o a kind o counrcockwi moiono myh o h widly hd inimaon par holocal

par romancpaora o a apd paradi and odn aBu n a hir mo oian h Acadia did no

u a dominan n o ain To an aonhin dna in upprd n uch dramaic moniion

o uima uin a wr pu owad y h udy o nropand hadah rom h 82o on Th doa ion ornal n o a hiory a y and j a wnd i n Nzch and in a rmaind an ccnrc nih

ma ommon n hd ohw alhouh h wound o mpoa ack aonizn dou and

ind ally ahouh h arow mih a im m o

y h nimaic own hior wa moin owadSociay inlcay n pc o rourc and ia

ciizd man wa on h march Indd h adin oh ad diinuhd hm om h inia om h

myhnclod ai o h aa Ony poy and hn ar a Marx nod md o or a an anomay

hain lon ao aaind a pch o may prhap un

quald and ury unupad inc So ar a hmao anci o hoy wn por wa no a domau a imp ma o oaion In hi conicion H

and Ma w a on So alo wr Dawn and Samul


79/152

68 In b t

me whoe epocha and curou parae book Oiginof pci and fHp appeared n he ame monh n

859 a he noon pon of a conden eraNo much of ha axomac preumpon ( for wa

ha ef o u. The erkeaardan concep of oa

pob of a fabrc of rea open a a pon o he

rif of aburd and daer ha become a commonpae

We are back n a poc of orure and of hoae ubcand prvae voence ap a he foundaion of he c

mnn makin an acd mark a doe he brown waer n

Vene Our hrehod of apprehenon ha been formdab

owered. When he r repor of he deah camp were

mued ou of Poand he were are dbeeved

uch hn coud no be akn pace n cvzed Europen he mdweneh cenur. Toda du o onjecure a bea a unac of oppreon or udden deva

aon whch woud no be credbe whch woud no oon

be ocaed n he order of fac Mora pchooa

a erribe hn o be o unaonhed nevab henew ream conpre wh wha or hod be eaaccepabe n rea

We do no moreover end o hnk of he crren cmaeof exrem a a momenar backdn a a na pachoon o be ef behnd Th deve. a Ktpimimu- no accden ha he diom Germanr anew o ream We no oner experence ho a

acendan Ther are oo man ardna pon a whhour ve are more hreaened more pone o arbrar erv


80/152

In t-lt 6

ude and exemnaon han wee hose o vzed men

and women n he Wes a any me sne he lae seenh

enuy obely ou pognosaon mus be ha o Edgan ing Lr

nd wose may be ye he wos s no

o long as we an say hs s he wos

Ye a he same me ou maeal oad moon s mmense and obvous The males" o ehnology med

ne sen undesandng ae pesely ha. Fa moehman bengs han eve beoe have a hane o lvng o

mauy o beang nomal hden o movng upwad

om he mlenna! eadl o magnal subssene To

oveloo a uh so evden and hmane s o om an

snobbey magne a wold whou hooom uged ews

u s also a uh ha moks us does so n wo ways

boh emoe om he aonals meosm o he En

lghenmen and he Voans We now now as dammh and aaay dd no a maeal pogess s m

plaed n a dale o onoman damage ha desoys epaable equba beween soey and nae

ehnal advanes supeb n hemselves ae opeave n

he n o pmay lvng sysems a nd eologes O senseo hsoa moon s no longe lnea bu as o a spalWe an now oneve o a ehnoa hygen uopa

uonng n a vod o human possbeshe seond mo s one o dspay We no longe a


81/152

7 I

e e oeon ml n e ass model o ene

en aalsm, a ogess wll neessaly sea om

leged enes o al men Indeen sueues n de-eoed soees oexs w wa seems o e endem

saaon oe a lage a o e ea In ee moe

men n e ane and duaon o nddual le as

oug on y medal enology, as ueled e yle ooeoulaon and unge Oen e sues and ds

ue means eued o so amne and oey ae

aalae u neas o geed o ols sand n e way

n oo many ases e new enoay s no only desute

o eedng and aenae aues u uelly moen

eyond loal and oae aane us we nd ou

seles n an amaen on sane oads e dogma ogess and owads e anas weleng w somany o us, n e enooga Wes, aually enoy

ee ae ues o s amalene. Aleady as agued

n Rousseau and n Godwn, e done o eelty

ad s musula omlaenes. We anno seaae a senseo oase and een o auy om mu o nneeen-

enuy omsm Ou uen auaon o ngmae

s no only a saeguade ongue sldng oe an angoo o domesae anu aso an adeene o eeay nle. In Feudan emnology we ae me

o age. Bu a a e. We ae os a aates lan ameays and enue o owad deamng ( ow ns Blos D Pnzp Honng s e nsed


82/152

I a 1

seme . No ses eoe ous woud, I hk he

joed he djee d o he wod "hoe s dd

Aouh h ek hse Age: e se eso .he dmge s hd o ssess. A l os ou ds-

ehme s el o he s I m we e h

he mess ogm o so eo ws ld om

he s, h s so o leed ew ss o

oduo emegg om he hsol oess ws ool e u hd he gem o uue I m

e h he e mge o he sees s ses d l

eos o soe d he s mge so d

Wodswoh Auguse Comews houghless om he

ouse d e o eed lluso Bu he ol o hese

eos s uquesole s ws he eegzg uouh o he ues o ou ulue ws me wh oo-

log uo I s modes d elsm o u sde he

mle dem, u medous o de he luk o

hose who dem . O o oge h ou ew lesghed

ess sems de om soh lue o humoss

I s o e moeoe h oe dese mode

o ulue, heus ogm o uhe de, whou

uo oe he queso "owds wh ed eo

owds wh ed he lo, egesses qukl ehe o

wds osue su sheme o owds oo hoe hoed ess heomeolog, he ul es

o hso h s dem o se


83/152

2 I b

Dan lme immene du auaeepui de ile en ant

onduit pa e omme detaee ene umain mae en aant mae u a tee i pae

a dan la nuit dan l epae

Dan linni dan e n

Dan lazu dan lnde iiteA a ueu de Pomtee liateu enain *

All te pent unte f eneizin iin ae tee te

etati leade te fwad ma f umanity a in

deam te Pmetean ym f ifeiin eelinintumenta t Ma a it ad een to Selley Hw aewe w no ne ae Vt Hu ondene fwm it i nt nly diuey and inialy amr n vnt t nd te einuane? A peimitiiique f ultue i a potie ontut And een atie

and tee lie it fmal tent woked fom aaintan impliit puate f utpia We n lne aail u-ee f tat mpenatin eaen wi ae t tetati iula ioie of medieal and peRenai

ane tut tei dynami apiin imaane How i

* e mmese sdo o e Cuus I Sie eurie, a i adrem I Led b ei me I Te um re mare ed. I mres ove e er i pses o I move orrd i e iou pae I Trou boudess d rou eoed reio I e azure o e kie aro e roused e I Mkd move orardb e i o Promeeu I Te ied iberaor


84/152

tt 73

a nea mode wth an et eto o owad gan

suh as agned and magneted ou sensbtes sne at

east the seenteenth entu to be undewtten? Nothngexept et has shooed us o stass o egess

hs whoe ssue o a wokng theo o utue n the

absene o a dogma genune et metaho meate

o ogess and eebty seems to me one o the most

dut now ang us he ke dagnost nsght s thato ante when he anayes the eat ondton o ohe

n He

Pe omende uo he tutta mota

a nosta onosena da que uno,

he de utuo a husa a ota [neno 1 0

"ose the doo o the utethat s enqush the

onooga aom o hstoa ogessand "a know-

edge s made ne

he hd aom whh we an no onge ut owadwthout eteme quaaton s that whh oeates hu-

mansmas an eduatona ogam as an dea eeent

to humane soa ondu he ssue needs aeu sae

men he deoog o bea eduaton o a assay

based humansm n he nneteenthent sheme o u

tue s a wokng out o se eetatons o he n

ghtenmen akes ae on many ees among them

You ay udead teefoe I a a ou kowedge a/ be adead t f ta oe o I We e doo of te futue 1u.


85/152

I B/ebead' Ce

ues eom, esos o he shoo sabus, expa-

so o he eduaoa base, adu suo he ds

semao o exeee hough owos books adpeodas hese expeaos okea Jeesoa ou w had gow duse ad seede, o seede

beause duse (uesa eag agueess ) Bu

he ea ee was ea ha hee was a aua pogesso om he uao o eeg ad ee

he ddua o aoa, beee behao ad bhe eea soe he seua dogma o moa ad po

a pogess hough eduao was pese ha a

ase o he aegoes o shoog ad pub egh-

emehe eum he pub ba he wokgmes

oege hose dams o umao o humagowh owads eha peeo ha had oe bee heo-oga ad asedea eee hus he Jaob

soga ha he shoooom was he empe ad moa oum

o a ee peope maks he seuaao o a uopa, u

mae egous oa bewee he aua ad hepoea o ma

uma o ad ue wee de expesse o

goae, o ha use wheeb he gea heae

o phosoph as, se aheemes had beeasmed o o a peged ase Fo boh oae ad

ahew Aodad bewee hem he ma be sad odae ad dee he geeaos o uua pomsehee

s a obous oguee bewee he uao o he

ddua md hough oma kowedge ad a me


86/152

I a

oaton n the ommandng quaes o e hough they

agued n deen doms and ough deen eemens

o the syogsm otae and Anod egaded as estashed the ua emma tha the humantes hmane he

oo o he humane' s e n oth tems and etymo-

ogy kns hem ose. A hs s ama gound

But the ooson needs o e ened Ahough on

es o nuue o "utue and o soa meoatono eey wee nmaey meshed and oten ne-hangeae he ese a o the eatons eween

hem, o he nsumenates hat ed om one o the

ohe onnued o e eamned We do nd a good dea

o oseous ondene n he mmedae oeaon o

ette shoong wth an moed soeyatuay nAmean ogesse dones and oan soasm

But we nd aso at a hghe ae o deate a ontnua

awaeness o he omety o the equaon he on Lbl ucon eded y F W Faa n 867 wo

yeas eoe Anods Culu n Anch and hee yeaseoe he duaton A, ae a eesenae eame ohow he genea aom o moement though humansm

was eaued, as wee om whn Wha onened

Faa, Heny Sdgwk nd the oeagues was eseythe maons o he assa anon hey wee engaged

n eeamnng he othodo noon o a assa teayand hey wee estng ts aoateness o he needs

o an neasngy ehnooga and soay desedommuny


87/152

6 In ub C

n the most nse o these essas Sdgwk agues o

the etenson o the onet o neessa utue to nude

moden ettes and some ometene n the senes Geekand Latn teatue an no onge be sad to omse a

essenta knowedge een n an deazed aadgmat

om the am o these teatues to ge the best teahng n menta etha and ota hosoh s adassng awa Phsa sene s now so bound u wth

a the nteests o manknd that some amat wth ts ndsensabe o an undestandng o and ataton

n the esent hase o the ogess o human In

shot the tehnques and substant ontent o utua

tansmsson wee unde goous debate een at he heght

o nneteenthenu otmsm What was not undedebate was the omeng neene that suh tansmsson

and wheee ght aed out woud ead neessa

to a moe stabe humane esonsbe ondton o man

A bea eduaton woe Sdgwk wth ee ma

ton o statng the obous has o ts obet to mat thehghest uue to ead ouths to the most u goousand hamonous eese aodng to the best dea attan

abe o the ate onte and aesthet autes Set

n u a etended gadua and wth due egad todeng degees o nate aat to an eewdenng

omass o soe and the gobe suh eduaton woudensue a stead sng quat o e Whee uue oushed babasm was b denton a nghtmae om theast


88/152

sCuu 7 7

W knw nw ha hi i n W knw ha h rmal

cllnc and numrical nin ducain nd n

crrla wih incrad cial aiity and pliical rainaity h dmnral virtu h Gnum r h le ar n uaranr hw r whhr h cit wilv a h n plici. W nw raliz ha rm

clciv hyria and avary can ci wih a parall

cnain and, indd uhr dvlpmn h iniuin uraucraci and prina cd hih

cutur n hr wrd h lirari muum harivrii rarch cnr in nd hruh which hranmiin h hanii and cinc mainlyak plac can prpr n h cncnrain camp

h dicriminain and rhn hir nrpri mayw ur undr h urrdin impr vilnc andrmnain Bu hy ur urpriinly li. Sniiity pariculary ha h prrmn ari inllinccrupl in larnin carry rward a in a nural zn W

knw aland hr i knwld hruhly dcumndu in n way a y incrprad in a rainal pychlya viu qualii f lira rpn ahclin can ci wih araric pliically adiic

havir in h am individual Mn uch a Han Frank wh

admnird h nal luin" in arn Eurp wr

avid cnniur and in m inanc prrmr Bach and Mza W knw prnn in h uraucracy h urr and h vn wh livad a knwld Gh a lv Ril h acil vain uch


89/152

8 lb l

en did no undesand he oes hey ead o he us

hey kne and seeed o ay so e wi no do. hee

siy s no eidene ha hey ee oe obuse han anyone ese o he huane genis o he enaed oa enegies

o gea eae and o a One o he inia oks

ha we hae in he hiosohy o anguage in he oa

eading o Hdeins oey was oosed aos wihin

easho o a deah a Hedegges en did no so no

hs ind go ueWhenee I ie his aea I a e wih he obje-

ion Why ae you asonished? Why dd you ee ohe

wse? One ough aas o hae knon ha uue and

huane aion, ieay and oa iuse ae in no

neessay o suen oaion hs objeion soundsogen, bu is in a inadequae o he enoiy o he

ae. he nsighs e now hae ino he negae o he

eas diaeiay aadoxa and aodis eaions be-ween uue and soiey e soehing ne and oay

bewideing. hey oud hae iesed he nighenenand uh o he nineeenh enuy as a obid anasy(i is esey Kiekegaad's and Niezshes eonions

on his issue ha se he aa ) . Ou esen knoedge

o a negaie anse o iizaion o behao in henddua and he soiey uns oune o he aih, o he

oeaie assuons, on whh he ogess o eduaiono genea ieay o shoash and he disseinaion ohe as ee gounded Wha e now kno akes a ok

o he ision o hisoy eneaed ade aeabe by


90/152

-C

inegence and educaed feenga vsion common o

eerson and o Marx as i was o Arnold and he reformers

of 867 To say ha one ough o have known is a facleuse of anguage d he Enghenmen and he nineeenhcenry undersood ha here coud be no presumpon of

a carrover from civzaion o civity from humansm o

he hmane, he sprngs of hope wod have been saunched

and much of he immense liberaion of he mnd and ofsocety achieved over four generaons been rendered m-

possbe No doub condence should have been less. Perhaps he rus in cure was sef hubrsc and blind ohe counercurrens and nosagas for desrucion i carried

whn may be ha he incapaci of reason and of poi

ca w o mpede he massacres of 57 ough o haveproved a na warning as o he fragility and muuallysolaed condion of he fabric of cuure

Bu our nsghs here ( and hey are srangey absen from

Elos own Nes of 48) come afer he facs They are

hemseveshs s e main pona par of desoaonNo less han our echnical compeence o build Hel onearth, so our knowledge of he failure of educaon, ofierae radion, o brng sweeness and ligh" o mens a cear sympom of wha s los We are forced now o

rern o an earer, Pascalian pessmism, o a model ofhiso whose logc derives from a posuae of orgnalsn We can subscribe oday all oo readily, o de Maisresview ha he barbarsm of modern poics, e regress ofeducaed, echnoogcay nvenve man ino saugher en


91/152

8 n ubard' Ca

ac a eceary workg ou of the echaology of he FallBut here ou revero o hee earer more reatc

aradgm a eeme which urou ad herefore py-hoogcay corrove Uke Paca or de Mare vey

few of u fac hold a dogmatc expcly relgou vew

of ma eroa ad oca daer For mot of u theogc of orgal rea ad the mage of htory a purgatora are a be, a metahor. Our emt vo, ke

tha of a rue Jae, ha eher a raoale of cauayor a hope racede remo We are cagh the

mdde We cao echo Carducc ' famou alute o hefuture

Salute o get umae aacateuto rapaa e uo pu morrNo opo odamo e oemo AmateIl modo belo e ao laver.

But we caot repod ether wth ful hoe acque-

cece o he Pacala dago of he cruete ad aburde of he horcal codo a a aura coequece ofa rma theologal faul

Th ablty of eea era ad the pychoogcalevao whch t etal, charactere much of our currepoture At oce realc ad pychologcay holow our

ew toc or roc pemm a deermat of a po

* to you, o eed c o me ! I Eveyt pae ad otca de I We ave ated ad boe too muc Love oe aote: I eod beauteou ad te utue o


92/152

I a PtCutu 81

cue. No o have kown abou he inhuman poenial

ies o cuued man wha we now know was a omid

abe pviee n he eneaons om Volae o Anodabsence o such knowede was no innocence bu ahe

an enablin poam o civilizaion

We may be ble o oup hese iepaabes" unde anincusve headin he oss o a eoaphcsociooica

cenaliy he abandonmen o exeme qualicaon o heaxiom o hsoca poess ou sense o he ailue o

sevee inadequacies o knowlede and humansm in eado socal acional hese siniy he end o an aeed

hieachic vauesce. hose binay cus whch oanized social pecepion and which epesened he domina

ion o he lua ove he naual code ae now bued oejeced ouih. Cus beween Wesen civilizaon andhe es beween he leaned d he unoed beween

he uppe and he owe saa o sociey beween he auhoiy o ae and he dependence o youh beween he

sexes hese cus wee no ony diacicaldenin heideny o he wo unis in eaon o hemseve and oeach ohehey wee expessly hozona he lne o

division sepaaed he hihe o he owe he eaeom he lesse civiizaon om eaded pimiivism

eanin om inoanc socia piviee om subseence senioiy om imauiy men om women Andeach ime om sood also o above I i s he coapse

moe o less compee moe o ess conscous o hesehieachized deniiona valueadiens (and can hee be


93/152

82 n bar Cat

value whou heahy whh s now he mao fa of

ou neea and soa umsane

The hozona us of he lass ode have beenmade vea and ofen ndsn

Neve aan mane wll a whe saesman we as

dd almeson n 3 a he oason of a punve a

steiner, george - in bluebeard's castle (yale, 1971)

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