Stephanie Hodges2005

PrinciplesPlanes cant fly without wingsBernoulli discovered that to fly, lift must overcome weight and thrust must overcome drag

Concepts of Bernoulli's PrincipleThe Wing is curved so the air must go faster over the top to meet with the air that goes over the bottom at the back wing, this creates low pressure.

Bernoullis Principles ContinuedObjects move towards the low pressureThe wing then moves up creating Lift because the wind speeds over the top of the wing faster

Drag, Thrust, and WeightDrag is created by air frictionWeight is the mass of the airplaneThrust is created by the engine(s) of the airplane

Drag, Thrust and, Weight ContinuedThrust and Drag are opposites so to achieve lift, the thrust must be greater than the drag.

Wing StructureMost wings are made of metals to make it strong.Most have support of a system of spars and Ribs. The wing is not solid because it would be too heavy.

Wings-DesignWings are designed differently for each purpose, depending on the speed a plane designer wants a certain wing is chosen.

The Types are Straight, Swept Back, Swept Forward, and DeltaDelta and Swept wings are used for Fighter JetsCommercial Airlines use Straight WingsWing-Designs Cont.

Wings-AirfoilsThere are many types of Airfoils.Airfoils are the shape of the wing.These are (in order of Picture):Low CamberDeep Camber 1 and 2

Stall CharacteristicsThings like Planform, Angle Of Incident, and Washout are designed to keep the airplane from stallingPlanform is a number system that decides the stall characteristicsWhat Keeps an Airplane from stalling?

Stall Characteristics Cont.Planform is a number system that decides the stall characteristicsFor instance a number 7 airplane is different from a number 2 plane.

Stall Characteristics ContinuedAngle of Incident is the angle of which the wing is stuck to the main bodyWashout is where the wing is twisted so the Angle of Incident is different at each end

Stall Characteristics Cont.So as you can see, the plane does not stall so easily because the slow speeds and the turbulence is handled.

Wing AdditionsWings have been added to over the YearsMany things such as Flaps, Slots and Slats, Speed Brakes, and Wing Fences have been added

Wing FencesWing fences are to help control the air flow over the wingIt helps to lower the turbulence over the wing

Speed BrakesSpeed Brake slow down the plane at high speedsIt helps to decrease the angle of attack during landing

Slats and SlotsA Slat is a mechanism in the wing that during flight the air goes into the wing to prevent turbulence, the slot is a hole that does the same thing

FlapsFlaps can help increase or decrease the angle of attack in lift-off or landingThe Flaps are connected to the trailing edge of the wing

About MeHi my name is Stephanie Hodges. I am 13 and I live in Winston Salem. My favorite animal is the Puffin, followed by Cats.

BibliographyPrinciples of Physics. April 30, 2005