The sterilization process in dental Clinic in Aden governance

SUPERVISORS  : Assis.Pro MUHGAT ABDO ALI

DR.MOHAMMED AWAD ABDULHAFEDDR.NASSER SALEHDR.RANA FADEL AKLAN

INTRODUCTION

 Dental health care workers including dentists, hygienists, assists, and laboratory personnel are frequently exposed to life-threading microorganisms. So sterilization can significantly decrease the risk of

infectious diseases for the patient, dentist and staff .Sterilization: is a physical or chemical agent to eliminate all viable microorganisms including

bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores .

Materials and methods

The four accepted methods of sterilization are:

1 .Steam pressure sterilization (autoclave)2 .Chemical vapor pressure sterilization (chemiclave)

3 .Dry heat sterilization (dryclave)4 .Ethylene oxide sterilization

STEAM PRESSURE STERILIZATION (AUTOCLAVING):

Used for a light load of instruments

The time required at 250'F (121° C) is a minimum of 15 minutes at 15 lbs. of pressure

Time for wrapped instruments can be reduced to 7 minutes if the temperature is raised to approximately 273° F (134° C) to give 30 pounds of pressure

Advantages The most rapid and effective method for sterilizing cloth

surgical packs and towel packs  Disadvantages Items sensitive to the elevated temperature cannot be

Autoclaved tends to rust carbon steel instruments and burs Steam

appears to corrode the steel neck and shank portions Of some diamond instruments and carbide burs

STEAM PRESSURE STERILIZATION (AUTOCLAVING):

CHEMICAL VAPOR PRESSURE STERILIZATION (CHEMICLAVING) :

Chemical vapor pressure sterilizers operate at 270° F (131° C) and 20 pounds of pressure

They are similar to steam sterilizers and have a cycle time of approximately half an hour

Advantages Carbon steel and other corrosion-sensitive burs,

instruments, and pliers are said to be sterilizedDisadvantages Items sensitive to the elevated temperature will be

damaged Instruments must be lightly packaged in bags obtained

from the sterilizer manufacturer. Towels and heavy cloth wrappings of surgical instruments may not be penetrated to provide sterilization

CHEMICAL VAPOR PRESSURE STERILIZATION (CHEMICLAVING) :

DRY HEAT STERILIZATION

1. Conventional Dry Heat Ovens

2. Short-Cycle, High-Temperature Dry Heat Ovens

.

Advantages Carbon steel instruments and burs do not rust Industrial forced-draft hot air ovens usually provide a larger capacity at a reasonable price. Rapid cycles are possible at high temperatures.

Disadvantages High temperatures may damage more heat-sensitive items. Sterilization cycles are prolonged at the lower temperatures. Heavy loads of instruments, crowding of packs, and heavy

wrapping easily defeat sterilization. 

DRY HEAT STERILIZATION

ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION

Is the best method for sterilizing complex instruments and delicate materials Automatic devices sterilize items in several hours and operate at elevated temperatures well below100° C. Less expensive devices operate overnight to produce

sterilization at room temperature Porous and plastic materials absorb the gas and require aeration for 24 hours or more before it is safe for them to contact skin or tissues

Result

The results of the research :

The used device The number of clinicsAutoclave 8

Oven 32

1- Type of sterilization

20%

80%

autoclave oven

Clinic has number Only one device 30More than one device 10

2-number of sterilization device :

25% 75% only one device

more than one device

Result

the sterilizer clinicDentist 10Assistant 24Both 6

3-who sterilizes the instrument :

25%

60%

15%

Dentist

Assistant

Result

Location of sterilizing device number Inside the clinic 39Outside the clinic 1

4-location of sterilization device :

97.5%

2.5%

Inside the clinic

Result

Recommendation

Sterilization process should be done accurately to provide protect both dentists and patients from infectious disease .

The sterilization devices should be checked periodically to ensure that they still operating.

the ministry of health should put a laws the determine the process of sterilization(time and temperature according to the device and the manufactures of it is company ).and put a strict punishments for any one not obey them

Decade a lot of training and embraces a lot of conferences that illustrate the ideal sterilization methods.

There should be specific committees that make quick visits to the clinics to evaluate the application of the laws by the dentists.

Recommendation

The conclusion

The sterilization is very important process which should perform in very exact manner to keep the practice in dentistry in save side to protect both the patients and dental

personnel from infectious diseases .

Dental care providers must seek the best for our patients and not be the source of serious illness among patients , coworkers ,or family ,however it is difficult to significantly change the approach to every day asepsis in the office .

The conclusion

 W.Eugene Rathun - Section V APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY - chapter32 Sterilization and asepsis – ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND

IMMUNOLOGY - 2nd edition 1998 - Pages(402-423)   L.P.Samaranayake - Part6 Chapter48 sterilization and disinfection - ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR DENTISTRY -1st edition pages(327-341)

 Carmen Scheller - Section 1 Infection Control in the Dental Surgery - BASIC GUIDE TO DENTAL INSTRUMENTS - 1ST edition 2006 - page (2)

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Autoclave_Front_Loading_composition.jpg

The references