stewart - wiga presentation geography of sports
TRANSCRIPT
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Gregory StewartWhitewater High School
Presentation Adapted From:Paul T. Gray, Jr.
Russellville High SchoolRussellville, Arkansas
THE GEOGRAPHY OF SPORTS
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WHY USE SPORTS TO LEARN ECONOMICAND URBAN GEOGRAPHY?
Some of you really identify with sports
Using local or regional teams can be a way to makegeographic concepts more real
Sports teams are about places, regions, urban, locationsand economics
The economics, locations and practices of sports canalso be a career for you PhD in Sports Management atFlorida State for one example
FINALLY this presentation is NOT really all aboutsports
It is about using sports as a vehicle to understandlocation, economics, migration patterns and othergeographic concepts
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HOW ABOUT SOME SPORTS TRIVIA FIRST? What NCAA team monikers do not end in S?
Crimson Tide, Terrapin#, Wolfpack (NC State and Nevada), Fighting Illini, Cardinal, Red Storm, Orangemen,
Green Wave, Thundering Herd, Golden Hurricane, Midshipmen, Fighting Irish, Mean Green, Minute Men,
Crimson
Why does the University of Alabama-Huntsville have a Div ision 1 Ice Hockey Team?
Answer Chemical Weapons manufacturing, the Space Industry and migration -
http://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.html
Interesting article from deadspin about the distribution of regional sports in America. Odd Monikers - http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315
http://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sports
What NFL, MLB, NBA or NHL team monikers make geographic sense? Which ones do not?
Some starters LA LakersUtah Jazz LA DodgersSF 49ers Seattle MarinersDetroit Pistons
Minnesota Vikings
What about college and more local teams Cyclones, Wonder Boys, Little Johns, Sand Lizards, Boll
Weevils, Muleriders?
What about Wisconsin teams like Oconomowoc, Ashwaubenon, Pewaukee, etc.,
Why did the NBA Baltimore/Washington Bullets change their name to the Washington Wizards in 1995?
http://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.html -
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HOW ABOUT POPULATION MIGRATIONAND SPORTS?
Lets look at the four major sports leagues in NorthAmerica
The spatial patterns of sports teams of the last 50+years obviously mirrors migration
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MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL TEAMLOCATIONS 1950 AND 2000
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NATIONAL BASKETBALLASSOCIATION TEAM LOCATIONS1950 AND 2000
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NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE TEAMLOCATIONS 1950 AND 2000
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NATIONAL HOCKEY LEAGUE TEAMLOCATIONS 1950 AND 2000
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What about looking at theglobalization of Americansports given current numbersan that the U.S. Will beminority white by 2043United states census bureau. (2012). U.S. Census bureau projections show a slower growing, older, more diverse nation a half century from now. Retrieved from
http://www.Census.Gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-243.Html
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GLOBALIZATION IN MAJORLEAGUE SPORTSHTTP://THESOP.ORG/SPORTS/2007/04/06/THE-OUTSOURCING-OF-MAJOR-LEAGUE-BASEBALL AND
HTTP://WWW.NBA.COM/PLAYERS/INT_PLAYERS_0708.HTML
How many Latinos and Asians in MajorLeague Baseball can we name?
In 2007, 8.4% African-American, 29.4%
Latino, 2.4% Asian and 59.5% White Shouldnt the NBA be called theInternational Basketball Association?
In 2008, 76 international players of
the NBAs 450 players or approx. 17% Is the practice of calling ourprofessional sports title games WorldChampionship a bit outdated?
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WHAT ABOUT THEECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYOF SPORTS?
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WHERE TO BUILD A NEW STADIUM FOR THE
MILWAUKEE BUCKS??
The NBA is telling the Milwaukee Bucks that they will need to build a new complex for the
Milwaukee Bucks.
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NFL POTENTIAL TV VIEWERSHIP
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LETS LOOK AT THE ST. LOUIS RAMSFOR SOME FOR AN INSIGHT INTO THISTOPIC
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hoinews.com/uploadedImages/whoi/Sports/Stories/St.%2520Louis%2520Rams.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1696074/posts&h=480&w=640&sz=32&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=eyT8BLa1bUdd0M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSt.%2BLouis%2BRams%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sportslogos.net/images/Football/NFL/STL_1029.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.sportslogos.net/logo.php%3Flo%3D1029&h=387&w=545&sz=12&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=S7qeG6fsBjV1eM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSt.%2BLouis%2BRams%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG -
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IN 1994, THE RAMS DECIDED TOLEAVE LOS ANGELES Factors of (re)location Desire for a new stadium (L.A.refused to build one) Relatively low fan attendanceeven in good years Rams owner at the time, the lateGeorgia Frontiere, a native ofSt. Louis
What about Weber otherlocation factors?
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IN 1994, THE RAMS DECIDED TOLEAVE LOS ANGELES Down the list of factors the Ramsmentioned for moving
Travel costs of a coastal team
Centrality
Estimated annual savings ofaround $200,000 or, an NFLpunter
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THE RAMS MOVED IN 1995, BUT THETRAVEL SAVINGS MAY NOT BEREALIZED EVERY YEAR? Being in the middle of thecountry can be a travel advantage
But, for the 2007 season, this
did not work out The Rams traveled 34,352 milesfor its 10 (including preseason)away games, which is the most in
the NFL in 2007
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OAKLAND RAIDERS TRAVEL MOST IN 2012HTTP://WWW.NFL.COM/NEWS/STORY/09000D5D82A53B24/ARTICLE/OAKLAND-RAIDERS-WILL-TRAVEL-THE-MOST-MILES-IN-2012
Teams traveling under 1,000 miles for a game win 43 percent of the team. The number
drops to 40.3 percent when teams travel between 1,000 and 1,999 miles, and plummets
to 39.8 percent when they travel over 2,000 miles. A 3 percent difference might not sound
like much, but don't tell that to the 8-8 2011 Raiders.
http://visual.ly/2012-nfl-travel
http://www.nfl.com/teams/oaklandraiders/profile?team=OAKhttp://www.nfl.com/teams/oaklandraiders/profile?team=OAK -
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WHO ELSE IN THE NFL TRAVELEDTHE LEAST IN 2007? Northeastern teams New York Jets 9,186miles
Buffalo 9,972 milesSource: www.stlouistoday.com/blogs/sports-around-the-horns/2007/08/rams-are-miles-high-in-nfl 8-11-07
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COLLECTIVE NFL TRAVELNFC WEST(SEATTLE, ARIZONA, SAN FRANCISCO ST.
LOUIS) 113,620 milesNFC EAST - (WASHINGTON, PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK
GIANTS, DALLAS) 53,571 milesSource:www.stlouistoday.com/blogs/sports-around-the-horns/2007/08/rams-are-miles-high-in-nfl 8-11-07
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POPULATION AND INCOMETHRESHOLDS IN PROSPORTS?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/ $89.2B - Major League Baseball
$38.4B - National Basketball
Association $35.7B - National Hockey League
$33.0B - National Football League
$16.1B - Major League Soccer
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WHAT CITIES HAVE TOO MANYPRO TEAMS ECONOMICALLY?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/
Tampa Bayonly 2.6M people and3 teams. Most likely to loseRays (recent success maybe not)
Phoenixareas populationcannot sustain 4 teams.Cardinals had worst NFLattendance 5 years running until2008/9 Super Bowl run.
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WHAT CITIES HAVE TOO MANYPRO TEAMS ECONOMICALLY?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/
Denveronly 4M people, but5 teams. Most likely to loseMLS Rapids. Rockies troubled
until 2007 & 2009 playoffruns.
PittsburghSteelers aresacred, but this old baseballtown could lose Pirates.
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WHAT CITIES HAVE TOO MANYPRO TEAMS ECONOMICALLY?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/
Kansas CityCourting NHL &NBA with new arena eventheyve lost both leagues
before. Royals attendancenext to last.
St. LouisOverextendedmarket on paper. But, thisis a sports town. Has lostfranchises in past, though.
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WHY ARE THE VERY SMALL-MARKETGREEN BAY PACKERS SO
SUCCESSFUL? IS IT
Semi-public ownership
Championship-filled history
Football-crazy cheeseheads
NFL collective bargaining
which has done away withguaranteed contracts
So-called competitive paritycaused by preceding
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POPULATION AND MONEY FOR ANEW TEAM?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/
Los AngelesStill hard tobelieve no NFL team is here.
17.5M people with $600billion income base. 8 proteams already call LosAngeles area home. Actuallyhas income to support 7 NFLteams on paper
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POPULATION AND MONEY FOR ANEW TEAM?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/
Philadelphiahas a sportsmarket surplus which could
support Major League Soccer. HartfordWas a good NHL cityfor Whalers. Left for NC where
Hurricanes are at bottom of NHLattendance. Has twice the incomeneeded for a team
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POPULATION AND MONEY FOR ANEW TEAM?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/
Las Vegasfastest growing market. 2Mpeople. Gaming industry scares NBA officials on any
potential move Why does a Vegas location scare pro sports team
owners?
PortlandA potential NFLcity with almost twice thespending potential needed.
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OTHER CITIES WHICH COULDSUPPORT A MAJOR LEAGUE SPORTWWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/
Rochester, NYMLS Virginia Beach-NorfolkNBA Northern New JerseyMLB San Bernadino-RiversideMLB
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WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF WEPLOT THESE IDEAS?Lets look at it.
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HERE IS A SCATTERGRAM OFTHESE DATA ON PAPER
Number of MLB, NFL, NHL and NBA Sports Teams in U.S. Cities
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Population (in thousands)
NumberofTeams
G
L
C
HO
DA
SAN
SAN
CO
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WHAT ABOUT TEACHING THEOTHER FACTORS OF LOCATION
USING SPORTS? According to a Federal ReserveBank of Kansas City Report in2001:
1 extra day of sunny weather peryear means $7-12 more spending
This means $14-24M more spending
in a metro area of 2 million South and West shifts we noticedon earlier maps?
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2001 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OFKANSAS CITY REPORT CONTINUED Metropolitan areas which lost afranchise are more likely tofinance a new stadium (Q of L issue?Inferiority complex w/o a team?)
Bond supporters and teams onlyshow positive impact numbers
Actually, this study found there
are negative indicators of havinga pro sports team
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2001 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OFKANSAS CITY REPORT CONTINUED For example, Maryland residentsget about $1M/year in revenuefrom the Baltimore Ravens
The public cost of the Ravensstadium is $14M/year
Washington residents get $3.8 to
$5.1M compared to $28M annualcost for the Mariners stadium
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WHAT ABOUT TEACHING THE CENTRALPLACE FACTORS OF LOCATION USINGSPORTS? According to Hinch & Higham inSports Tourism Development
Sports teams are centrally
located and there to provideoutlets for the hinterlands
Greater number of sportsprovided, the higher order the
location
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SPORTS TOURISM DEVELOPMENTHINCH AND HIGHAM CONTINUED
Low-order sports (e.g.soccer) can locate in lowerorder thresholds
Higher order locations arefewer and more widely spaced(Christaller) with higher
thresholds (Major LeagueBaseball)
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SPORTS TOURISM DEVELOPMENTHINCH AND HIGHAM CONTINUED
Finally, a hierarchy of sportslocations exists to:
1. Provide consumers who wish to
minimize their travel to obtainthe sports they want.
2. Make producers of sportsmaintain a minimum threshold to
survive.
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MORE CENTRAL PLACE INGEOGRAPHY OF SPORTS
John Bale in Sports Geography says:
A MLB team needs a threshold of 1 million fan visitseach year to be viable
Bale says this number is not realistic for most metroareas
PLACE APPROACH TO SPORTS TEAM
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PLACE APPROACH TO SPORTS TEAMLOCATION HAS ASSUMPTIONS (JUST LIKETHE MODELS WE TEACH):
1. Even population distribution
2. Homogeneous plane surface3. Economic rationality
We all know irregularities
abound How about an example or two?
ICE HOCKEY
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ICE HOCKEY
A Canadian MetropolitanStatistical Area of 3.5M peoplewill average 4,000 more fans per
game than a comparable U.S. MSA(Bale)
SOCCER
Rochester, NY is a soccer-crazyhotbed capable of a pro team
FOOTBALL
Green Bay, Pittsburgh
BASEBALL
St. LouisBASKETBALL
Memphis
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I AM AN NFL FAN
My friends were driving toCooperstown,NY via Detroit twosummers ago
Began thinking about how close
Detroit, Cincinnati, Cleveland,Indianapolis, etc. are to each other
Wondered who is a fan of whom incertain places
Decided this had to be mapped usinghexagons
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EXPERIMENT WITH CENTRALPLACE AND THRESHOLDS
ONE STUDENT WAS VERY
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ONE STUDENT WAS VERYFRUSTRATED TRYING TO MAKE
THE HEXAGONS WORK. I SAIDTO EXPERIMENT
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HER NEXT TRY PRODUCED THIS MAP
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ANOTHER WAY TO MAP SPORTS TEAMALLEGIANCE IS BY
Number and location of radio stations which carry a team
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STUDENTS COULD MAP THECLEVELAND BROWNS NETWORK
OHIO
AKRON / WAKR-AM 1590
ASHLAND / WNCO-AM 1340
ASHTABULA / WFUN-AM 970
ATHENS / WATH-AM 970
BUCYRUS / WQEL-FM 92.7
CADIZ / WCDK-AM 1430
CANTON / WHBC-AM 1480CELINA / WKKI-FM 94.3
CHILLICOTHE / WCHI-AM 1350
CLEVELAND / WMMS-FM 100.7 / WTAM-AM 1100
COLUMBUS / WFJX-FM 105.7
DAYTON / WONE-FM 97.5
DEFIANCE / WDFM-FM 98.1
DOVER / WJER-FM 101.7
ELYRIA / WEOL-AM 930
FINDLAY / WQTL-FM 106.3
FOSTORIA / WFOB-AM 1430LIMA / WBUK-FM 106.3
MANSFIELD / WMAN-AM 1400
MARIETTA / WJAW-FM 100.9
MARION / WMRN-AM 1490
MOUNT VERNON / WMVO-AM 1300
NEWARK / WHTH-AM 790
PAINESVILLE / WBKC-AM 1460
PORTSMOUTH / WNXT-AM 1260
SANDUSKY / WMJK-FM 100.9 / WLEC-AM 1450
TOLEDO / WIOT-FM 104.7
WOOSTER / WQKT-FM 104.5
YOUNGSTOWN / WNCD-FM 93.3 / WKBN-AM 570
ZANESVILLE / WHIZ-AM 1240
OTHER STATES
KENTUCKY
LEXINGTON / WLAP-AM 630
NEW YORK
HORNELL / WLEA-AM 1480
ROCHESTER / WYSL-AM 1040
PENNSYLVANIA
CORRY / WEYZ-AM 1530 / WWCB-AM 1370ERIE / WJET-AM 1400
WEST VIRGINIA
PARKERSBURG / WJAW-FM 100.9
LETS SEE WHO IS A COLTS
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LETS SEE WHO IS A COLTSFAN Colts Radio Affiliates
2009 Colts Radio Affiliates
WASK98.7 FM Lafayette, INWAXL103.3 FM Santa Claus, INWBIW1340 AM Bedford, INWBRT1320AM Bardstown, KYWCRA1090 AM/104.7 FM Effingham, ILWDAN1490 AM Danville, ILWEFM95.9FM Michigan City, INWGBF103.1 FM Evansville, INWFNI1070 AM Indianapolis, IN -FLAGSHIPWGCL1370 AM Bloomington, INWIBN98.1 FM Oxford, INWIFE94.3 FM Rushville,INWIMC103.9 FM Crawfordsville, INWJCP1460 AM North Vernon, INWJOT105.9 FM/1510 AM Wabash,INWKBV1490 AM Richmond, INWLHK97.1 FM Indianapolis, IN - FLAGSHIPWMRI - AM860 AM Marion,INWMRS107.7 FM Monticello, INWMXQ96.7 FM Alexandria, INWNDA1570 AM New Albany, IN/Louisville,KYWNDI95.3 FM Sullivan, INWORX96.7 FM Madison, INWOWO1190 AM Ft. Wayne,INWPGW1440AM/100.9 FM Portland, INWREB94.3 FM Greencastle, INWROI92.1 FM Rochester,INWRSW - AM1480 AM Warsaw, INWRZQ (QMIX)107.3 FM Columbus, INWRZR94.5 FM Loogootee,INWSAL1230 AM Logansport, INWTCJ1230 AM Tell City, INWTSZ1600 AM Eminence, KYWVJS1420AM Owensboro, KYWVLN - AM740 AM Olney, ILWWBL106.5 FM Washington, INWWVR105.5 FM TerreHaute, INWXFN1340 AM Muncie, INWYFX106.7 FM Mt. Vernon, INWYNG94.9 FM Mt. Carmel,ILWZDM92.1 FM Vincennes, INWZOW97.7 FM/102.3 FM South Bend, IN
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THE NFLHTTP://IMAGES.GOOGLE.COM/IMGRES?IMGURL=HTTP://CARTOPHILIA.COM/BLOG/IMAGES/2008FOOTBALLSTATES1.GIF&IMGREFURL=HTTP://CARTOPHILIA.COM/BLOG/L
AB ELS/U NIT ED% 2520S TAT ES. HTM L&U SG= __XQP 966 S0U -
OXT8N1ISENW1LS2SE=&H=453&W=713&SZ=25&HL=EN&START=16&ITBS=1&TBNID=U0R4FR9U9VBAOM:&TBNH=89&TBNW=140&PREV=/IMAGES%3FQ%3DINDIANAPOLIS%2
BCOLTS%2BRADIO%2BSTATION%2BMAP%26GBV%3D2%26HL%3DEN
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MLB
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WHY NOT USE SPORTS?
Male bias
Some kids, regardless of gender, are not interested insports
The APHG Exam has not seemed to have sports questions
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NATIONAL BASKETBALLASSOCIATION TEAM LOCATIONS1950 AND 2010National Basketball AssociationTeams 2010
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8/12/2019 Stewart - WIGA Presentation Geography of Sports
53/54
NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUETEAM LOCATIONS 1950 AND2010National Football Teams 2010
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8/12/2019 Stewart - WIGA Presentation Geography of Sports
54/54
NATIONAL HOCKEY LEAGUETEAM LOCATIONS 1950 AND2010National Hockey League Teams
2010