stick-n-rudder flight training, llc™
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Stick-n-Rudder Flight Training, LLC™. Flight training begins on the ground, not in the air. ™ Tyra Cerny, CFI, AGI, IGI Scott Johnson, CFI, AGI www.sticknrudder.com. FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8. Module 8, Core Topics 15:. Pilot Deviations Including Runway Incursions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Presented to: Instructors and Pilot Examiners
By: The FAASTeam
Date: July 1 to September 30, 2010
Federal AviationAdministrationStick-n-Rudder
Flight Training, LLC™Flight training begins on the ground, not in the air.™
Tyra Cerny, CFI, AGI, IGIScott Johnson, CFI, AGIwww.sticknrudder.com
Presented to: Instructors and Pilot Examiners
By: The FAASTeam
Date: July 1 to September 30, 2010
Federal AviationAdministrationFAASTeam
CFI Workshop 8Module 8, Core Topics 15:
Pilot Deviations Including Runway Incursions
3Federal AviationAdministration
FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
Module 8 – Core Topic 15Pilot Deviations, Including
Runway Incursions:• Educate your students to recognize the potential
for Pilot Deviations during all Areas of Operation• Create and demonstrate situations that will
enable students to experience various types of Pilot Deviations first hand in the training environment.
• Teach and practice strategies to mitigate Pilot Deviations dependant on distractions and/or cockpit confusion.
Are all of your students registered at FAASafety.gov?
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
What is a Runway Incursion?
• Any occurrence at an airport involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.
• Basically, crossing the hold short lines of a runway you haven’t been cleared to cross.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1. See the Big Picture2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2. Situational Awareness3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3. Speak Clearly4.5.6.7.8.9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3.4. Concise5.6.7.8.9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3.4.5. Copy Clearances6.7.8.9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3.4.5.6. Signs & Markings7.8.9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3.4.5.6.7. Sterile Cockpit8.9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8. Admit When Lost9.10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure10.
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. Repeat Clearances
17Federal AviationAdministration
FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten
1. See the Big Picture2. Situational Awareness3. Speak Clearly4. Concise5. Copy Clearances6. Signs & Markings7. Sterile Cockpit8. Admit When Lost9. Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure10. Repeat Clearances
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
Runway Incursion Challenge• 58 million landings and
takeoffs last year *
• Thousands of runway crossings per day!
• Human error is a certainty • Technology has limitations
• Causes – Consequences are global in nature
Source: * FAA Runway Safety Fact Sheet
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
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Pilots are Very Confident by Nature and by Culture
• I’m a professional!• I’ve trained hard and long for this!• I’ve done it thousands of times!• I’m current and very proficient!• What could possibly go wrong???
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
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What can you do to reduce runway incursions?
• Plan your surface operations• Employ cockpit discipline• Understand taxi procedures• Make proper use of aircraft lights• Use proper communication techniques• Understand/recognize airport signs and
markings• STAY ALERT – Look both ways prior to
crossing any runways!
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Planning Surface Operations
• Pre plan taxi routes at departure and destination airports
• Ensure you have an accurate, up to date airport diagram available
• Review NOTAM’s and ATIS for possible construction impacts – rwy/twy closures
• Look for “hot spots”– Jeppesen airport diagrams – FAA charts
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Verify Compass heading to confirm proper runway taxiway selection.
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Cockpit Discipline
• Minimize distractions during critical phases– Taxi for takeoff is where majority of RIs occur– Delay checklists until off the runway
• Recognize when you need to have “heads up”– Any time the plane is moving but…– Especially when approaching a runway or an intersecting taxiway
• Write down taxi routes and clearances– From RIIEP – 72% of pilots who had incursion DID NOT
• Use the airport diagram during taxi– From RIIEP – 47% of pilots who had Rwy inc DID NOT
• Verbalize critical instructions to other crew members– Hold Short or Crossing instructions
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
Pilot Deviations What’s the Problem?
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
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• TFR – Temporary Flight Restriction• SFRA – Special Flight Rules Area• MOA – Military Operations Area• ADIZ – Air Defense Identification Zone• Prohibited – From the surface to defined limit• Alert – Informs of a high volume of aerial
activity• Warning – Areas 3 NM beyond the US coast,
possible hazardous activity
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Lack of Preparation
• Always have your Airport Diagram with you– Print them off @ naco.faa.gov “Free Digital
Products”– Write all over them, take notes, circle FBO’s,
Highlight taxi routes…• Before you call Ground, you should have
already identified 1 or 2 of the most likely taxi routes. If you can’t point to your entire route on the airport out the window, you’re not ready to call Ground yet
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
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Clear Left? Clear Right? Cleared to Cross?
• When you’re approaching a Runway, verify a few things
• 100 yards away, not 10’, from the Runway hold lines, begin to look out for yourself
• “Clear left” by looking left, don’t just say it• “Clear right” by looking right, don’t just say it• “Cleared to cross” by confirming with your
notes or Ground Control• Or “Holding Short”
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
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Ask for a “Progressive Taxi”
• If a couple of clarifications aren’t enough to remove all doubt of a perfect taxi, get the Progressive
• Ignore the condescending speech, use the help
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SITUATIONAL AWARENESS WILL SAVE YOUR LIFE!
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Take the Taxi as seriously as the flight
• Think about it…• It’s easier to measure your mistakes when on the
airport surface vs. in the air• There are as many, if not more, opportunities to
violate a regulation on the ground as in the air• There are dramatically more collision hazards
packed into this little space at any given time when compared to in flight operations…airports are the center of flight activity
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Sterile Cockpit during taxi
• Professional cockpits allow NO non-essential communication when the aircraft is below 10,000’ MSL
• For us in General Aviation airplanes, maintain a sterile cockpit from engine start until completing the cruise checklist. Then resume from beginning the before landing checklist until engine shut down.
• Do not allow external distractions to cause a mistake or oversight on the airport surface.
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The perfect passenger?
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8Module 8, Core Topic #15
Questions?
Comments?
Ideas?
Quiz time ~
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1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing.a. Trueb. False
2. At a controlled airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you shoulda. Consult your taxi chartb. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passengerd. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.
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3. True or False; As of June 2010, Runway Incursions are on a “downward” trend.
4. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing
clearances, including the runway designator?? 5. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR”
flight plan. True or False?
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6. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general?a. Communicationsb. Airport Knowledgec. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientationd. Distractione. All of the above
Answers Follow –
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1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing.a. Trueb. False
b. False - Airplane Flying Handbook2. At a controlled airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi
after landing, you shoulda. Consult your taxi chartb. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passengerd. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.
b. Ask ATC - Airplane Flying Handbook
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3. True or False; As of June 2010, Runway Incursions are on a “downward” trend.
True, RI’s so far during FY 2010 have decreased slightly - Office of Runway Safety; FAA.
4. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator??
“YES” – FAA, Office of Runway Safety.5. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR”
flight plan. True or False?“False’ – AIM, Section 5 and Airplane Flying
Handbook
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8
July 1 through September 30, 2010
6. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general?
a. Communications
b. Airport Knowledge
c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation
d. Distraction
e. All of the above
e. All of the above - Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3A) page 1-5
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FAASTeam CFI Workshop #6
Take a 5 minute Break!
When we return:Reading between the lines and saying what
ATC wants you to say.Would you like a Special with that?
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This Completes CFI Workshop Module 8
ANDThe First CFI Workshop Series
CONGRATULATIONS!
Be sure to have your attendance record validated!
Presented to: Instructors and Pilot Examiners
By: The FAASTeam
Date: July 1 to September 30, 2010
Federal AviationAdministrationStick-n-Rudder
Flight Training, LLC™Flight training begins on the ground, not in the air.™
Tyra Cerny, CFI, AGI, IGIScott Johnson, CFI, AGIwww.sticknrudder.com