StimulantsBY: AMA KWARTENG

StimulantsDrugs that alter the levels of neurotransmitters (chemicals which tell the nervous system to

stimulate the speed at which information is transmitted between neurons)

Physiological Effects

-increases heart rate

-increases blood pressure

-increases wakefulness/restlessness

-decreases appetite

-increases concentration

Short Term Effects

-emotional instability

-hallucinations

Amphetamines & AdrenalineAmphetamines are a class of drugs with similar effects to that of adrenaline

Both increase mental awareness and physical energy (“fight or flight”)

Sympathomimetic Drugs

-mimic the effects of the hormone adrenaline & mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

-constrict the arteries

-increase sweat production & speed up heart rate

-nicotine, meth, ecstasy, amphetamine

Sympathomimetic drugs and adrenaline both a contain phenylethylamine structure (an arene or benzene ring linked to 2 carbon atoms attached to an amine group)

Tobacco & NicotineStimulant responsible for addiction to tobacco is nicotine

Short Term Effects of Smoking Tobacco

-increases heart rate & blood pressure

-constricts blood vessels

-reduces urine output

- puts more stress on the heart since it’s forced to pump blood harder than normal

Long Term Effects of Smoking Tobacco

-increases risk of heart disease & cancer

-increases the risk for formation of blood clots

- may produce excess acidity in the stomach, increasing the risk of peptic ulcers

Short term physical effects of nicotine consumption

-yellow stained fingers & teeth

-bad breath

Long Term Effects of nicotine consumption

-development of tolerance/risk of dependence

Caffeine vs. NicotineAmine groups in caffeine are tertiary

Effects of consuming caffeine in large amounts

-can cause sleepiness

-stimulates the kidneys (increases the flow of urine)

Aqueous solution of nicotine is a weak base because of the two nitrogens it has, which often display basic tendencies

Similarities Both contain a tertiary amine group.

Both contain and five member rings made of carbon and nitrogen atoms.

Both contain a six member ring made of carbon and nitrogen

DifferencesCaffeine contains two amide groups, nicotine does not.

Both contain an alkene (C=C) group. Caffeine has one and nicotine has two

In caffeine the six and five member rings are fused while in nicotine they separated.

Caffeine contains two carbonyl (C=O)groups and two amide (-N-C=O) groups

HOPE YOU ENJOYED THE SHOW!!

THE END