stimulation technology stimgun™€¦ · stim technology the basic process tamping liquid fluid...
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© 2009 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Stimulation Technology StimGun™
Nov 29, 2011
Bassam Salim
© 2009 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Perforating Factors Affecting Flow Efficiency
•Shot Density, Gun Phasing •Depth of Penetration•Hole Diameter •Casing, Cement Sheet & Rock Density•Skin Effect (Crushed Zone)•Method of Perforating
Depth of Penetration
7
Skin and CFE
VirginVirginReservoirReservoir
KK
Damaged Damaged ZoneZoneKdKd
Cem
ent a
nd C
asin
gC
emen
t and
Cas
ing
Towards wellbore
ReservoirReservoirpressurepressure00
11
SS
KK
II
NN
IPRIPR
What We Often Get
© 2009 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Method of Perforating
Under Balance
Over Balance
Petrophysical Evaluation
Avg. Phi:25 puAvg. Sw:50 %
Avg. Phi:30 puAvg. Sw:58 %
Run 3
Run 2
Run 1
Stim gun
Well X Formation Y Depth to Top (f t ) xxxx Perfed Interval (f t) 60 Permeability (md) 1 Skin + ? Porosity 25-30 Pressure (psi) 3000
Run 6
Run 4
Run 5
© 2009 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Pre job Planning
Kept the hole open, no casing and cement
Drilled 6” hole to minimize the formation damage
Used best penetrating charges for the Gun size
Perforated the interval twice to improve SD, PH
Perforating Under balance to minimize Skin Effect
Plan the operation to achieve 1000 psi under balance
Stimulate the perforation using Acid
WELL X Acid Injection After Open Hole Perforation
Stim Technology The Basic Process
TampingLiquid Fluid Motion in
Well
Energy Source (Propellant, Perf Gun, Explosive, etc.)
Expanding Gasified ‘Bubble’
WellboreInterior
Possible Surface Overpressure
Flow into Fracture (One of 1-12 Shown)
The Effect of Energy Release Rate
Fracturing
Fracturing
P
T
Explosive
RockCrushing
Microseconds
~>105 psi
P
T
Propellant
Milliseconds
~>104 psi
Fracturing
Seconds
P
T
Hydrofracture or Overpressured Gas~>103 psi
Breaking Down the Perforation
© 2009 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
StimGun Surface Test
StimGun Surface Results
© 2009 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Propellant Lab Stimulation (90 Phased Perforated Core)
StimGun in the Field
StimTube Tool Before and After
Before
After
WST Carriers• The reusable carriers have holes sizes from 0.75-2.75” and several hole
densities. One inch holes at 12 per foot is the standard.
PulsFrac™ Computer Software
Simulates the Event: Hi
–Pressure vs. Time–Perf Breakdown–Frac Extension–Fluid Motion–Casing Differential
PulsFrac Pressure Wave Calculationthat Matches Data
•Pressure vs. Depth •Time (0 – 80 ms)
Well XLBM Formation Stimulation
Run 3
Run 1
Run 3
Run 1
Run 2 Run 2
WELL XAcid Injection After the Propellant Stimulation
© 2009 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Conclusion
•Knowing the low Permeability Rocks need deep perforating tunnels, and
•The High Permeability Rocks need deep perforating tunnels simultaneously withlarge hole entry diameter
• The depth of penetration is indirectly proportional with hole diameter, as well the CFE.
The solution isThe StimGun