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Stock & Reference Guide
Stock & RefeRence Guide
www.boydmetals.com©2012 Boyd Metals
Boyd Metals of Oklahoma City6060 S.W. 44th Street
P.O. Box 19410Oklahoma City, OK 73144-0410
(405) 682-2231Fax (405) 685-1415
(866) 425-2693
Boyd Metals of Little Rock4324 Mauney Road
P.O. Box 3297Little Rock, Arkansas 72203-3297
(501) 301-8500Fax (501) 301-8501
(866) 393-2693
Boyd Metals of Fort Smith600 South 7th Street
P.O. Box 819Fort Smith, Arkansas 72902-0819
(479) 782-9060Fax (479) 782-3980Fax (479) 782-0424
(800) 323-8806
Boyd Metals of Joplin1027 Byers Avenue
P.O. Box 1746Joplin, Missouri 64802-1746
(417) 626-2693Fax (417) 623-3694Fax (888) 323-8763
(800) 585-2693
A Message From Our President
Boyd Metals is proud to present our Stock and Reference Guide to metal products. We stock a wide range of the listed prod-ucts and are ready to supply all non-inventory items in a timely manner through our numerous contacts in the metals industry.
Our goal is to be your complete metals supplier and processor. We encourage all of our associates and representatives to take all the steps necessary to satisfy you with the highest quality product at a competitive price.
Take a few minutes and browse the Stock and Reference Guide and when you find an item that you need, call one of our sales people and they will be glad to help you with your requirements.
Tom Kennon
—Mission Statement—
Boyd Metals is totally committed to providing our customers with the best overall service and value in the metals service center industry. We supply qual-ity products at competitive prices, packaged properly and delivered in a timely manner. If we make an error we correct the problem quickly and to the customers’ satisfaction.
Boyd Metals realizes our success has been based on dealing ethically and fairly with our customers, our employees and our vendors, with our future dependent upon how we honor those with whom we do business.
General Stock Book Information
To enable this stock book to be more useful and easy to read, it is divided into eleven general sections, with a sub-index for each section. Also, there is a Product Index that encompasses the entire book to offer assistance in searching for particular types, forms, or shapes.
While this book lists a vast collection of items and data, it is by no means a complete listing of every product produced or manufactured for distribution by the steel service center industry. The listed items in this book are not necessarily inventoried by Boyd Metals, but are a representation of products that are, in most cases, readily available. If you have a requirement for an item that is not listed in this book, contact a representative of Boyd Metals to check on the availability of that item.
This book should be used for general information only. The data herein is generally accepted throughout the steel service center industry and is correct to the best of Boyd Metals’ knowledge. Boyd Metals is expressly not respon-sible for errors and/or omissions of the represented data and reserves the right to add or delete items or data without notice.
It should be noted that all products are subject to standard tolerances and variations consistent with usual manufacturing and trade practices regarding dimensions, straightness, flatness, section, composi-tion, and mechanical properties, and normal variations in surface and internal conditions of quality. All products shall also be subject to deviations from tolerances and variations consistent with standard practical testing and inspection methods. It should also be noted that standard tolerances and variations may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.
SECTION INDEX
Section Description
A Structural Shapes
B Bars
C Plates
D Sheets
E Tubing & Pipe
F PVF
G Stainless Steel
H Aluminum
I Specialty Products
J Brass, Bronze, Copper
K Data
PRODUCT INDEXProduct Page Angle Aluminum .................... H-9 Carbon Steel ............... A-12 Stainless Steel ............ G-7
Beam Aluminum .................... H-12 Carbon Steel ............... A-2 Stainless Steel ............ G-8
Channel Aluminum .................... H-10 Carbon Steel ............... A-9 Stainless Steel ............ G-8
Expanded Metal Aluminum .............. I-3 & I-5 Carbon Steel ......... I-2 & I-3 Stainless Steel ..... G18 & I-5
Expanded Metal Grating Carbon Steel ............... I-6
Flat Bar Aluminum .................... H-16 Brass ........................... J-6 Carbon Steel - Cold Finished ............ B-11 Hot Rolled ................. B-6 Copper ........................ J-11 Stainless Steel ............ G-11
Floor Plate Aluminum .................... H-20 Carbon Steel ............... C-8 Stainless Steel ............ G-12
Product Page Grating Aluminum .................... I-7 Carbon Steel ............... I-7 Fiberglass ................... I-12 Stainless Steel ............ I-7
Half Rounds Stainless Steel ............ G-11
Hexagon Bar Aluminum .................... H-15 Brass ........................... J-5 Carbon Steel - Cold Finished ........... B-16 Stainless Steel ............ G-10
Perforated Metal Aluminum .................... I-9 Carbon Steel ............... I-8 Stainless Steel ............ I-10
Pipe Aluminum .................... H-27 Carbon Steel ............... E-32 Stainless Steel ............ G-21
Plate Aluminum .................... H-18 Carbon Steel ............... C-6 Stainless Steel ............ G-13
Rail Carbon Steel ............. A-14
Reinforcing Bar Carbon Steel ............... I-1
Reinforcing Wire Mesh Carbon Steel ............... I-1
Product Page Round Bar Aluminum .................... H-14 Brass ........................... J-3 Bronze ......................... J-7 Carbon Steel - Cold Finished ........... B-17 Hot Rolled ................. B-10 T, G & P ..................... B-18 Copper ........................ J-10 Stainless Steel ............ G-9
Safety Grating Carbon Steel ............... I-11
Sheet Aluminum .................... H-21 Carbon Steel - Cold Rolled .............. D-7 Hot Rolled ................. D-5 Hot Rolled Pickled & Oiled ...................... D-5 Galvanized ................ D-10 Stainless Steel ............ G-16
Square Bar Aluminum .................... H-15 Brass ........................... J-6 Carbon Steel - Cold Finished ........... B-15 Hot Rolled ................. B-9 Copper ........................ J-11 Stainless Steel ........... G-10
Product Page Tee Aluminum................... H-13 Carbon Steel ............. A-14
Tubing Aluminum - Rectangular ............ H-26 Round ..................... H-24 Square .................... H-26 Bronze - Round ..................... J-8 Carbon Steel - Rectangular ............ E-29 Relift ....................... E-39 Round ..................... E-4 Square .................... E-27 Stainless Steel - Rectangular ........... G-19 Round ..................... G-20 Square .................... G-19
Universal Mill Plate Carbon Steel ............... C-5
Valves & Fittings ......... F-2
SECTION A
Structural Shapes Page
Processing Services A-1
Standard “I” Beam A-2
Junior Beams A-2
Wide Flange Beams A-3
H - Pilings A-8
Channels - Bar Sizes A-9
Channels - Structural Sizes A-10
Channels - MC (Ship & Car) A-11
Channels - Junior Sizes A-12
Angles - Bar Sizes A-12
Angles - Structural Sizes A-13
Tees - Bar Sizes A-14
Rail - ASCE Sections A-14
Structural Processing Services Available
CopingGalvanizingMiter Cutting
Pickling & OilingPainting
Production CuttingPunchingRolling
Saw Cutting to LengthTees Split From Beams
A-1
A-2
M6 x
M8 x
M10 x
M12 x
Standard “I” BeamsASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
Junior BeamsASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 40 Ft.
Nominal Size in Inches
ADepth of Section Inches
S3 x
S4 x
S5 x
S6 x
S8 x
S10 x
S12 x
S15 x
S18 x
S20 x
S24 x
Weight per Foot
Weight per Foot
BFlangeWidth Inches
BFlangeWidth Inches
DWeb
Thickness Inches
DWeb
Thickness Inches
5.707.50
7.709.50
10.00
12.5017.25
18.4023.00
25.4035.00
31.8035.0040.8050.00
42.9050.00
54.7070.00
66.0075.0086.0096.00
80.0090.00
100.00106.00121.00
4.40
6.50
9.00
11.80
2.3302.509
2.6632.796
3.004
3.3323.565
4.0014.171
4.6614.944
5.0005.0785.2525.477
5.5015.640
6.0016.251
6.2506.3757.0007.250
7.0007.1257.2507.8758.050
1.844
2.281
2.690
3.065
.114
.135
.157
.177
.170
.349
.193
.326
.214
.232
.465
.271
.441
.311
.594
.350
.428
.462
.687
.411
.550
.461
.711
.505
.635
.660
.800
.500
.625
.745
.620
.800
B
ACD
B
ACD
ADepth of Section Inches
CAvg. FlangeThickness
Inches 3.00 3.00
4.00 4.00 5.00
6.00 6.00
8.00 8.00
10.0010.00
12.0012.0012.0012.00
15.0015.00
18.0018.00
20.0020.0020.2520.25
24.0024.0024.0024.5024.50
.260
.260
.293
.293
.326
.359
.359
.425
.425
.491
.491
.544
.544
.659
.659
.622
.622
.691
.691
.795
.795
.920
.920
.870
.870
.8701.0901.090
Nominal Size in Inches
CAvg. FlangeThickness
Inches 6.00 8.00
10.00
12.00
.171
.189
.206
.225
A-3
NominalSize inInches
W4 x
W5 x
W6 x
W8 x
W10 x
Weight per Foot
CAvg. FlangeThickness
Inches
BFlangeWidthInches
ADepth of SectionInches
DWeb
Thickness Inches
13
1619
91215162025
10131518212428313540485867
12151719222630333945495460687788
100112
.345
.360
.430
.215
.280
.260
.405
.365
.455
.205
.255
.315
.330
.400
.400
.465
.435
.495
.560
.685
.810
.935
.210
.270
.330
.395
.360
.440
.510
.435
.530
.620
.560
.615
.680
.770
.870
.9901.1201.250
4.060
5.0005.030
3.9404.0005.9904.0306.0206.080
3.9404.0004.0155.2505.2706.4956.5357.9958.0208.0708.1108.2208.280
3.9604.0004.0104.0205.7505.7705.8107.9607.9858.020
10.00010.03010.08010.13010.19010.26510.34010.415
4.16
5.015.15
5.906.035.996.286.206.38
7.897.998.118.148.287.938.068.008.128.258.508.759.00
9.879.99
10.1110.2410.1710.3310.479.739.92
10.109.98
10.0910.2210.4010.6010.8411.1011.36
.280
.240
.270
.170
.230
.230
.260
.260
.320
.170
.230
.245
.230
.250
.245
.285
.285
.310
.360
.400
.510
.570
.190
.230
.240
.250
.240
.260
.300
.290
.315
.350
.340
.370
.420
.470
.530
.605
.680
.755
Wide Flange Beams
ASTM A-992Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
B
ACD
A-4
Wide Flange Beams
ASTM A-992Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
NominalSize inInches
W12 x
W14 x
Weight per Foot
CAvg. FlangeThickness
Inches
BFlangeWidthInches
ADepth of SectionInches
DWeb
Thickness Inches
1416192226303540455053586572798796
106120136152170190
2226303438434853616874829099
109120132 145159 176193 211233257283311342370398
.225
.265
.350
.425
.380
.440
.520
.515
.575
.640
.575
.640
.605
.670
.735
.810
.900
.9901.1051.2501.4001.5601.735
.335
.420
.385
.455
.515
.530
.595
.660
.645
.720
.785
.855
.710
.780
.860
.9401.0301.0901.1901.3101.4401.5601.7201.8902.0702.2602.4702.6602.845
3.9703.9904.0054.0306.4906.5206.5608.0058.0458.0809.995
10.01012.00012.04012.08012.12512.16012.22012.32012.40012.48012.57012.670
5.0005.0256.7306.7456.7707.9958.0308.0609.995
10.03510.07010.13014.52014.56514.60514.67014.72515.50015.56515.65015.71015.80015.89015.99516.11016.23016.36016.47516.590
11.9111.9912.1612.3112.2212.3412.5011.9412.0612.1912.0612.1912.1212.2512.3812.5312.7112.8913.1213.4113.7114.0314.38
13.7413.9113.8413.9814.1013.6613.7913.9213.8914.0414.1714.3114.0214.1614.3214.4814.6614.7814.9815.2215.4815.7216.0416.3816.7417.1217.5417.9218.29
.200
.220
.235
.260
.230
.260
.300
.295
.335
.370
.345
.360
.390
.430
.470
.515
.550
.610
.710
.790
.870
.9601.060
.230
.255
.270
.285
.310
.305
.340
.370
.375
.415
.450
.510
.440
.485
.525
.590
.645
.680
.745
.830
.890
.9801.070 1.1751.2901.4101.5401.6551.770
B
ACD
A-5
Wide Flange Beams
ASTM A-992Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
NominalSize inInches
W16 x
W18 x
W21 x
Weight per Foot
CAvg. FlangeThickness
Inches
BFlangeWidthInches
ADepth of SectionInches
DWeb
Thickness Inches
26313640455057677789
100
3540465055606571768697
106119130143158175192211234258
4450576268738393
101111122132147166182201
.345
.440
.430
.505
.565
.630
.715
.665
.760
.875
.985
.425
.525
.605
.570
.630
.695
.750
.810
.680
.770
.870
.9401.0601.2001.3201.4401.5901.7501.9102.1102.300
.450
.535
.650
.615
.685
.740
.835
.930
.800
.875
.9601.0351.1501.3601.4801.630
5.5005.5256.9856.9957.0357.0707.120
10.23510.29510.36510.425
6.0006.0156.0607.4957.5307.5557.5907.635
11.03511.09011.14511.20011.26511.16011.22011.30011.37511.45511.55511.65011.770
6.5006.5306.5558.2408.2708.2958.3558.420
12.29012.34012.39012.44012.51012.42012.50012.575
15.6915.8815.8616.0116.1316.2616.4316.3316.5216.7516.97
17.7017.9018.0617.9918.1118.2418.3518.4718.2118.3918.5918.7318.9719.2519.4919.7220.0420.3520.6721.0621.46
20.6620.8321.0620.9921.1321.2421.4321.6221.3621.5121.6821.8322.0622.4822.7223.03
250.275.295.305.345.380.430.395.455.525.585
.300
.315
.360
.355
.390
.415
.450
.495
.425
.480
.535
.590
.655
.670
.730
.810
.890
.9601.0601.1601.280
.350
.380
.405
.400
.430
.455
.515
.580
.500
.550
.600
.650
.720
.750
.830
.910
B
ACD
A-6
Wide Flange Beams
ASTM A-992Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
NominalSize inInches
W24 x
W27 x
Weight per Foot
CAvg. FlangeThickness
Inches
BFlangeWidthInches
ADepth of SectionInches
DWeb
Thickness Inches
556268768494
103104117131146162176192207229250
8494
102114129146161178194217
.505
.590
.585
.680
.770
.875
.980
.750
.850
.9601.0901.2201.3401.4601.5701.7301.890
.640
.747
.830
.9301.100.975
1.0801.1901.3401.500
7.0057.0408.9658.9909.0209.0659.000
12.75012.80012.85512.90012.95512.89012.95013.01013.11013.185
9.9609.990
10.01510.07010.01013.96514.02014.08514.03514.115
23.5723.7423.7323.9224.1024.3124.5324.0624.2624.4824.7425.0025.2425.4725.7126.0226.34
26.7126.9227.0927.2927.6327.3827.5927.8128.1128.43
.395
.430
.415
.440
.470
.515
.550
.500
.550
.605
.650
.705
.750
.810
.870
.9601.040
.460
.490
.515
.570
.610
.605
.660
.725
.750
.830
B
ACD
A-7
Wide Flange Beams
ASTM A-992Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
NominalSize inInches
W30 x
W33 x
W36 x
W40 x
Weight per Foot
CAvg. FlangeThickness
Inches
BFlangeWidthInches
ADepth of SectionInches
DWeb
Thickness Inches
9099
108116124132148173191211235
118130141152169201221241
135150160170182194210230232245256260280300328
149167199211249277297362397
.610
.670
.760
.850
.9301.0001.1801.0651.1851.3151.500
.740
.855
.9601.0551.2201.1501.2751.400
.790
.9401.0201.1001.1801.2601.3601.2601.5701.3501.7301.4401.5701.6801.850
.8301.0251.0651.4151.4201.5751.6502.010 2.200
10.40010.45010.47510.49510.51510.54510.48014.98515.04015.10515.055
11.48011.51011.53511.56511.50015.74515.80515.860
11.95011.97512.00012.03012.07512.11512.18016.47012.12016.51012.21516.55016.59516.65516.630
11.81011.81015.75011.81015.75015.83015.82516.02016.120
29.5329.6529.8330.0130.1730.3130.6730.4430.6830.9431.30
32.8633.0933.0033.4933.8233.6833.9334.18
35.5535.8536.0136.1736.3336.4936.6935.9037.1236.0837.4336.2636.5236.7437.09
38.2038.5938.6739.3739.3839.6939.8440.55 40.95
.470
.520
.545
.565
.585
.615
.650
.655
.710
.775
.830
.550
.580
.605
.635
.670
.715
.775
.830
.600
.625
.650
.680
.725
.765
.830
.760
.870
.800
.960
.840
.885
.9451.020
.630
.650
.650
.750
.750
.830
.9301.1201.220
B
ACD
A-8
H-Pilings
ASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
HP8 x
HP10 x
HP12 x
HP14 x
36
4257
53637484
7389
102117
.445
.415
.565
.435
.515
.605
.685
.505
.615
.705
.805
.445
.420
.565
.435
.515
.610
.685
.505
.615
.705
.805
8.155
10.07510.225
12.04512.12512.21512.295
14.58514.69514.78514.885
B
ACD
NominalSize inInches
Weight per Foot
ADepth of SectionInches
BFlangeWidthInches
CAvg. FlangeThickness
Inches
DWeb
Thickness Inches
8.02
9.709.99
11.7811.9412.1312.28
13.6113.8314.0114.21
A-9
Channels - Bar Sizes
ASTM A-36Available in 20 Ft. Lengths
Size in Inches
A B C
3/4 x
1 x
1 x
1-1/8 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
1-1/2 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
2 x
2 x
2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
3/8 x
3/8 x
1/2 x
9/16 x
1/2 x
1/2 x
9/16 x
3/4 x
1/2 x
9/16 x
5/8 x
1 x
1 x
5/8 x
1/8
1/8
1/8
3/16
1/8
1/8
3/16
1/8
1/8
3/16
1/4
1/8
3/16
3/16
Weight Per Foot(1)
.56
.68
.84
1.16 1.01
1.12
1.44
1.17
1.43
1.86
2.28
1.59
2.32
2.27
(1) These weights may vary depending on producing mill.
A C
B
A-10
Channels - Structural Sizes
ASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
ADepth
in InchesC3 x
C4 x
C5 x
C6 x
C7 x
C8 x
C9 x
C10 x
C12 x
C15 x
Weight per Foot
BFlange
Width Inches
CWeb Thickness
Inches
3.5 4.15.06.0
4.55.4
6.257.25
6.79.0
8.210.513.0
9.812.2514.75
11.513.7518.75
13.415.020.0
15.320.025.030.0
20.725.030.0
33.940.050.0
1.3751.4101.4981.596
1.5841.5841.6471.721
1.7501.885
1.9202.0342.157
2.0902.1942.299
2.2602.3432.527
2.4332.4852.648
2.6002.7392.8863.033
2.9423.0473.170
3.4003.5203.716
.132
.170
.258
.356
.125
.184
.247
.321
.190
.325
.200
.314
.437
.210
.314
.419
.220
.303
.487
.233
.285
.448
.240
.379
.526
.673
.282
.387
.510
.400
.520
.716
A C
B
A-11
Channels - MC (Ship & Car)
ASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
ADepth
in InchesMC3 x
MC4 x
MC6 x
MC7 x
MC8 x
MC9 x
MC10 x
MC12 x
MC13 x
MC18 x
Weight per Foot
BFlange
Width Inches
CWeb Thickness
Inches7.1
13.8
12.015.115.316.318.0
19.122.7
18.720.021.422.8
23.925.4
22.025.028.533.641.1
31.035.040.045.050.0
31.835.040.050.0
42.745.851.958.0
1.938
2.500
2.4972.9413.5003.0003.504
3.4523.603
2.9783.0253.4503.502
3.4503.500
3.3153.4053.9504.1004.321
3.6703.7673.8904.0124.135
4.0004.0724.1854.412
3.9504.0004.1004.200
.312
.500
.310
.316
.340
.375
.379
.352
.503
.353
.400
.375
.427
.400
.450
.290
.380
.425
.575
.796
.370
.465
.590
.710
.835
.375
.447
.560
.787
.450
.500
.600
.700
A C
B
A-12
Angles - Bar SizesASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. and 40 Ft.
1/2 x
5/8 x
3/4 x
7/8 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-3/8 x
1-1/2 x
1-1/2 x
1-3/4 x
1-3/4 x
2 x
2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
2-1/2 x
2-1/2 x
1/2 x
5/8 x
3/4 x
7/8 x
5/8 x
3/4 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
7/8 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
1-1/4 x
1-3/4 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/8
3/16
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
3/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/45/163/8
3/161/45/6
3/161/45/163/8
3/161/45/163/81/2
Size in Inches
A B C
Size in Inches
A B CWt. Per
FootWt. Per
Foot
.38
.48
.59
.70
.64
.70
.801.161.49
1.011.481.92
.91
1.65
1.231.802.34
1.231.802.34
1.442.122.77
1.962.55
1.442.122.77
1.652.443.193.924.70
2.473.193.92
2.753.624.505.30
3.074.105.005.907.70
MC8 x
MC10 x
MC12 x
Channels - Junior SizesASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. and 40 Ft.
ADepth
in InchesWeight
per Foot
BFlange
Width Inches
CWeb Thickness
Inches
8.5
6.58.4
10.6
1.875
1.1271.500
1.500
.180
.152
.170
.190
A C
B
A C
B
Angles - Structural SizesASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.
5 x
5 x
6 x
6 x
6 x
7 x
8 x
8 x
8 x
9 x
3-1/2 x
5 x
3-1/2 x
4 x
6 x
4 x
4 x
6 x
8 x
4 x
1/45/163/81/25/83/4
5/163/81/25/83/4
1/45/163/81/2
5/163/81/25/83/4
5/163/81/25/83/41
3/81/25/83/4
1/23/4
1/23/41
1/25/83/41
1-1/8
1/2
Size in InchesA B C
Size in InchesA B C
Wt. PerFoot
Wt. PerFoot
7.008.70
10.4013.6016.8019.80
10.3012.3016.2020.0023.60
7.909.80
11.7015.30
10.3012.3016.2020.0023.60
12.4014.9019.6024.2028.7037.40
13.6017.9022.1026.20
19.6028.70
23.0033.8044.20
26.4032.7038.9051.0056.90
21.30
3 x
3 x
3 x
3-1/2 x
3-1/2 x
3-1/2 x
4 x
4 x
4 x
5 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
3 x
2-1/2 x
3 x
3-1/2 x
3 x
3-1/2 x
4 x
3 x
3/161/45/163/81/2
3/161/45/163/81/2
3/161/45/163/81/2
1/45/163/81/2
1/45/163/81/2
1/45/163/81/2
1/45/163/81/2
1/45/163/81/2
1/45/163/81/25/83/4
1/45/163/81/2
3.074.105.005.907.70
3.394.505.606.608.50
3.714.906.107.209.40
4.906.107.209.40
5.406.607.90
10.20
5.807.208.50
11.10
5.807.208.50
11.10
6.207.709.10
11.90
6.608.209.80
12.8015.7018.50
6.608.209.80
12.80
A-13
A C
B
A-14
Rails - ASCE SectionsNew Billet Steel
121620253040608085
11-11/641-11/32
1-1/21-11/16
1-7/82-3/82-1/2
2-9/16
124016402040254030404040604080408540
22-3/82-5/82-3/43-1/83-1/24-1/4
55-3/16
22-3/82-5/82-3/43-1/83-1/24-1/4
55-3/16
PoundsPer Yard
Heightin Inches
d
SectionNo.
Widthof Base
b303030
30 & 4030 & 4030 & 40
30, 33, 39 & 4039 & 40
30, 33, 39 & 60
1-1/2 x
2 x
Tees - Bar SizesASTM A-36Available in 20 Ft. Lengths
FlangeInches
b
StemInches
d
ThicknessInches
t
Weight Per Foot(1)
1-1/2 x
2 x
3/161/4
1/4
1.802.43
3.62
(1)These weights may vary depending on producing mill.
Widthof Head
c
Lengthin Feet
b
d
t
b
d
c
SECTION B
Bars Page
Processing Services B-1
Introduction to Bars
Hot Rolled B-2
Cold Finished B-3
Alloys B-4
Hot Rolled Flats B-6
Hot Rolled Squares B-9
Hot Rolled Rounds B-10
Cold Finished Flats B-11
Cold Finished Squares B-15
Cold Finished Hexagons B-16
Cold Finished Rounds B-17
Turned, Ground and Polished Rounds B-18
B-1
Bar Processing Services Available
Centerless Grinding
Galvanizing
Hard Chrome Plating
Induction Hardening
Miter Cutting
Pickling & Oiling
Production Cutting
Production Shearing
Rolling
Saw Cutting to Length
Trepanning
Picture
B-2
Product Introduction - Hot Rolled Bars
Merchant Quality
M1010/M1020
M1044
Commercial Grade ASTM A-36
Special Quality
1018 & 1020
1040 & 1045
1095
Low carbon, general purpose steels (“mild steel”) suitable for forming, welding, and many fabrication ap-plications.
Similar to C1045 in strength and heat-treatment properties but less costly.
The standard specification for Hot Rolled Bars and Shapes. This grade is produced to a minimum yield of 36,000 psi with a tensile strength of 58,000/80,000 psi.
Low carbon, general purpose steels produced to specific chemistries with predictable physical properties.
Higher carbon levels increase strength and allow heat treatment for enhanced properties.
(Spring Steel) High mechanical properties due to a high carbon content. Can be heat-treated to very high tensile and yield values.
B-3
Product Introduction - Cold Finished Bars
Cold Finished carbon steel bars are produced from hot rolled special bar quality stock by means of several different cold finishing processes: COLD DRAWING, TURNING & POLISHING, TURNING, GRINDING & POLISHING, and COLD ROLLING. The primary purpose of cold finish-ing is to improve: surface quality, dimensional accuracy and straight-ness, machinability, and overall mechanical properties.
1018
1044/1045
1117
11L17
1141/1144
12L14
1215
A low carbon steel with medium manganese con-tent, suitable for applications where high stresses are not involved.
A medium carbon steel used extensively in induc-tion hardening applications.
A low carbon, high manganese steel with good machining and carburizing properties. Withstands bending, broaching, and most deforming without cracking.
The addition of .15 to .35% LEAD to the 1117 chemistry greatly improves machinability without sacrificing other physical properties.
A medium carbon, high manganese steel with free machining qualities. These grades are recommend-ed for parts requiring greater strength and/or wear resistance than can be obtained from lower carbon steels.Stressproof - A higher strength, stress relieved bar without heat treatment is readily machinable with minimum distortion.Fatigueproof - A higher strength than stressproof achieved by mechanical working and thermal treat-ment. Eliminates need for heat treating and sec-ondary operations such as straightening. Readily machinable with low residual stress.
A lead bearing steel with superior machine rates and excellent physical properties. It is a favorite grade for automatic screw machine work.
This fast cutting steel is the standard screw stock. The machine finish is smooth and bright.
B-4
Product Introduction - Alloy Bars
4140/4150
ETD 150
41L40/41L50
4340
8620
A widely used medium carbon alloy steel. A true general purpose, low cost alloy bar. With nominal composition of .95% chromium and .20% molybdenum content, a broad range of strength and toughness is attainable through heat treatment. This alloy has good hardenabil-ity, strength, wear resistance, toughness, and ductility.
It is made by the elevated temperature drawing process to obtain properties and strengths usu-ally achieved only by quenching and tempering. No heat treating is required - properties are in-the-bar as received. This steel machines faster than heat treated bars and compares favorably with cold drawn 4140 annealed.
An annealed free machining direct hardening alloy with medium carbon content. With the addition of .15%-.35% lead, this alloy can be quenched and tempered to a wide range of strength levels with little loss in machinability.
A highly alloyed steel with nominal composition of 1.80% nickel, .80% chromium, and .25% mo-lybdenum content that assures deep hardness when oil quenched, with high strength charac-teristics attained throughout the section. This alloy is used for heavily stressed parts.
The most widely used of all case harden-ing alloys. A true general purpose, low cost, low carbon, oil hardened steel with good core properties. Nominal composition is balanced with .55% nickel, .50% chromium, .20% molyb-denum.
For more extensive data concerning hot rolled, cold rolled, and alloy bars refer to the data section of this catalog.
B-5
Product Introduction - Alloy Bars
86L20 Similar to 8620, except with the addition of lead, this steel becomes an excellent free machining, case hardening steel. This alloy develops a uni-formly hard case supported by a tough, ductile core and has relatively low distortion in heat treatment.
For more extensive data concerning hot rolled, cold rolled, and alloy bars refer to the data section of this catalog.
B-6
Hot Rolled Flats
Available in 20 Ft. Lengths
1/8 x
3/16 x
1/4 x
1/2 3/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/2568
1/2 3/4 7/811-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/24568
1/2 3/411-1/41-1/21-3/4
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Weight Per Foot
Weight Per Foot
.213 .319 .425 .531 .638 .744 .850 .9561.0631.1691.2751.4881.7001.9132.1252.5503.400
.319 .478 .558 .638 .797 .9561.1161.2751.4341.5941.7531.9132.2312.5503.1883.8255.100
.425 .638 .8501.0631.2751.488
1/4 x
5/16 x
3/8 x
22-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/255-1/2678
1/2 3/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/233-1/43-1/24568
1/2 3/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/2
1.7001.9132.1252.3382.5502.9753.4003.8254.2504.6755.1005.9506.800
.531 .7971.0631.3281.5941.8592.1252.3912.6563.1883.4533.7194.2505.3136.3758.500
.638 .9561.2751.5941.9132.2312.5502.8693.188
B-7
Hot Rolled Flats
Available in 20 Ft. Lengths
3/8 x
1/2 x
5/8 x
2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8
3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 6 8
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
Weight Per Foot
3.506 3.825 4.463 5.100 5.738 6.375 7.013 7.650 8.92510.200
1.275 1.700 2.125 2.550 2.975 3.400 3.825 4.250 4.675 5.100 5.950 6.800 7.650 8.500 9.35010.20011.90013.600
2.125 3.188 4.250 5.313 6.375 7.438 8.500 9.56310.62512.75017.000
3/4 x
7/8 x
1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 6 7 8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 6 7 8
2.550 3.188 3.825 5.100 6.375 7.650 8.92510.20012.75015.30017.85020.400
2.975 3.719 4.463 5.206 5.950 6.694 7.438 8.92510.41311.90014.87517.85020.83023.800
B-8
Hot Rolled Flats
Available in 20 Ft. Lengths
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 6 7 8
2 3 4 5 6
2 3 4 5 6
2-1/2 3 4 5 6
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Weight Per Foot
Weight Per Foot
5.100 6.800 8.50010.20011.90013.60017.00020.40023.80027.200
8.50012.75017.00021.25025.500
10.20015.30020.40025.50030.600
17.00020.40027.20034.00040.800
B-9
Hot Rolled Squares
Available in 20 Ft. Lengths
3/87/161/29/165/83/47/8
11-1/81-1/41-1/21-3/4
2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4
3 3-1/2
4 4-1/2
5
6
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Weight Per Foot
Weight Per Foot
.478 .651 .850 1.076 1.330 1.910 2.600
3.400 4.300 5.310 7.65010.410
13.600 17.210 21.250 25.710
30.600 41.650
54.400 68.850
85.000
122.400
B-10
Hot Rolled RoundsASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 40 Ft.
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/815/16
11-1/81-3/161-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-3/41-7/8
22-1/42-1/22-3/4
33-1/43-1/23-3/4
44-1/44-1/24-3/4
55-1/45-1/25-3/4
66-1/46-1/26-3/4
77-1/47-1/27-3/4
88-1/48-1/28-3/4
99-1/2
1010-1/2
11
12
Diameter in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Weight Per Foot
WeightPer Foot
.167 .261 .376 .511 .668 .8451.0431.5022.0452.347
2.6703.3803.7664.1725.0496.0087.0528.1789.388
10.6813.5216.6920.19
24.03 28.2132.71 37.55
42.73 48.23 54.08 60.25
66.76 73.60 80.78 88.29
96.13104.30112.80121.70
130.90140.40150.20160.40
170.90181.80192.90204.50
216.30241.00
267.00294.40
323.10
384.50
Forged and rough-turned rounds available up to 24”diameter. Please inquire.
B-11
Cold Finished FlatsAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths
1/8 x
3/16 x
1/4 x
1/4 x
5/16 x
1/25/83/47/811-1/81-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/233-1/2456
1/25/83/47/811-1/81-1/41-1/21-3/41-7/822-1/42-1/233-1/2456
1/25/83/47/81
1-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/8 1-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/23-3/444-1/255-1/267891012
1/25/83/47/811-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/4
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.213 .266 .319 .372 .425 .478 .531 .638 .744 .8501.0631.2751.4881.7002.1252.550
.319 .398 .478 .558 .638 .717 .797 .9561.1161.1951.2751.4341.5941.9132.2312.5503.1883.825
.425 .531 .638 .744 .850
.9561.0631.1691.2751.3811.4881.7001.9132.1252.3382.5502.7632.9753.1883.4003.8254.2504.6755.1005.9506.8007.6508.50010.20
.531 .664 .797 .9301.0631.3281.5941.8592.1252.3912.6562.922
B-12
Cold Finished FlatsAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths
5/16 x
3/8 x
1/2 x
5/8 x
33-1/244-1/256
1/29/165/83/47/811-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/23-3/444-1/255-1/26789101214-5/8
3/47/811-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/244-1/24-3/455-1/26789101214-5/8
11-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/25678
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
3.1883.7194.2504.7815.3136.375
.638 .717 .797 .9561.1161.2750.4341.5941.7531.9132.0722.2312.5502.8693.1883.5063.8254.1444.4634.7815.1005.7386.3757.0137.6508.92510.2011.4812.7515.3018.65
1.2751.4881.7001.913 2.1252.3382.5502.7632.9753.4003.8254.2504.6755.1005.5255.9506.8007.6508.0758.5009.35010.2011.9013.60 15.3017.0020.4024.86
2.1252.6563.1883.7194.2504.7815.3135.8446.3757.4388.5009.56310.6312.7514.8817.00
B-13
Cold Finished FlatsAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths
5/8 x
3/4 x
1 x
101214-5/8
11-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/244-1/255-1/2678910111214-5/8
1-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/255-1/26
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
21.2525.5031.08
2.5502.8693.1883.5063.8254.4635.1005.7386.3757.0137.6508.2888.92510.2011.4812.7514.0315.3017.8520.4022.9525.5028.0530.6037.29
4.2505.1005.9506.8007.6508.5009.35010.2011.9013.6015.3017.0018.7020.40
789101214-5/8
1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/42-1/22-3/43 3-1/43-1/24 4-1/25 5-1/268101214-5/8
22-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/244-1/255-1/268101214-5/8
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
23.8027.2030.6034.0040.8049.73
6.3757.4388.5009.56310.6311.6912.7513.8114.8817.0019.1321.2523.3825.5034.0042.5051.0062.15
10.2011.4812.7514.0315.3016.5717.8520.4022.9525.5028.0530.6040.8051.0061.2074.59
B-14
Cold Finished FlatsAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths
1-3/4 x
2 x
2-1/4 x
2-1/2 x
3 x22-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/255-1/26
2-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/25681012
2-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/2456
33-1/244-1/256810
11.9013.3914.8816.3617.8520.8323.8026.7829.7532.7335.70
17.0018.7020.4023.8027.2030.6034.0040.8054.4068.0081.60
19.1321.0422.9524.8626.7830.6038.2545.90
25.5029.7534.0038.2542.5051.0068.0085.00
3-1/245681012
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
35.70 40.80 51.00 61.20 81.60102.00122.40
B-15
1-3/41-7/8
22-1/82-1/42-1/22-3/4
33-1/43-1/23-3/4
44-1/44-1/2
55-1/2
6
Cold Finished SquaresAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths
1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16
1 1-1/8 1-3/16 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8
.053 .120 .213 .332 .478 .651 .8501.0761.3291.6081.9142.2462.6052.990
3.4024.3064.7955.3166.4327.6558.984
10.41 11.95
13.60 15.35 17.21 21.25 25.71
30.60 35.91 41.65 47.81
54.40 64.41 68.85
85.00102.90
122.40
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
B-16
Cold Finished HexagonsAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16
1 1-1/16 1-1/8 1-3/16 1-1/4
.184 .288 .414 .564 .736 .9321.1501.3921.6561.9442.2542.588
2.9443.3243.7274.1524.601
5.567 6.625 7.775 8.385 9.017 10.350
11.780 14.910 16.610 18.400 20.290 22.270
26.500 31.100 36.070 41.410 47.110
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
1-3/81-1/21-5/81-11/161-3/41-7/8
22-1/42-3/82-1/22-5/82-3/4
33-1/43-1/23-3/44
B-17
Cold Finished RoundsAvailable in 12 Ft. & 20 Ft. Random Lengths
1/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
11-1/161-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-9/161-5/81-11/161-3/41-13/161-7/81-15/16
22-1/162-1/82-3/162-1/42-5/162-3/82-7/162-1/22-9/162-5/82-11/162-3/4
2-13/162-7/82-15/16
33-1/163-1/83-3/163-1/43-5/163-3/83-7/163-1/23-9/163-5/83-11/163-3/43-13/163-7/83-15/16
44-1/84-1/44-3/84-7/164-1/24-5/84-3/44-7/84-15/16
55-1/45-3/85-7/165-1/25-5/85-3/45-7/85-15/16
6
Diameter in
Inches
Diameter in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.042 .094 .167 .261 .376 .511 .668 .845 1.043 1.262 1.502 1.763 2.045 2.347
2.670 3.015 3.380 3.766 4.173 4.600 5.049 5.518 6.008 6.520 7.052 7.604 8.178 8.773 9.388 10.020
10.68011.36012.06012.78013.52014.28015.06015.87016.69017.53018.40019.29020.190
21.1222.0723.04
24.0325.0526.0827.1328.2129.3030.4231.5532.7133.8935.0936.3137.5538.8140.1041.40
42.7345.4448.2351.1152.5854.0857.1260.2563.4665.10
66.7673.6077.1578.9580.7884.4988.2992.1794.14
96.13
Diameters over 6” are available turned and polished. Please inquire.
B-18
Turned, Ground, & Polished Rounds(1)
Available in 12 Ft., 20 Ft. & 24 Ft. Lengths
1/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/47/8
11-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-5/81-11/161-3/41-7/81-15/16
22-1/82-3/162-1/42-3/82-7/162-1/22-5/82-11/162-3/42-7/82-15/16
33-3/163-1/43-7/163-1/23-11/163-3/43-15/16
44-1/44-7/164-1/24-3/44-15/16
55-7/165-1/25-3/45-15/16
6
7
8
Diameter in
Inches
Diameter in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.042 .094 .167 .261 .376 .511 .668 .845 1.043 1.262 1.502 2.045
2.670 3.380 3.776 4.173 4.600 5.049 5.518 6.008 7.052 7.604 8.178 9.388 10.020
10.68012.06012.78013.52015.06015.87016.69018.40019.29020.19022.07023.040
24.03 27.13 28.21 31.55 32.71 36.31 37.55 41.40
42.73 48.23 52.58 54.08 60.25 65.10
66.76 78.95 80.78 88.29 94.14
96.13
130.80
170.90
(1)Diameters less than 1” are drawn, ground, & polished.
SECTION C
Plates Page
Processing Services C-1
Introduction to Plate C-2
Universal Mill Plates C-5
Hot Rolled Plates C-6
Floor Plates C-8
C-1
Plate Processing Services Available
BlankingFlame CuttingGalvanizing
GrindingLaser Cutting
Pickling & OilingPlasma Cutting
Production or SinglesPunching
Rolling & FormingShearing
Water Jet Cutting
C-2
Product Introduction - PlatesStructural Quality Plates
ASTM A283
ASTM A36
ASTM A572
ASTM A242
ASTM A588
ASTM A656
A general purpose, low-cost structural quality plate that has satisfactory forming, machining, and welding characteristics.
A structural quality carbon steel for use in welded, bolted, or riveted construction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes. Produced with a minimum yield point of 36,000 psi, A36 is stronger than A283. A36 can be used to design lighter weight structures and equip-ment, and provide good weldability.
The most economical of the high strength, low alloy steels. This alloy provides high strength, good workability, and weldability at a moderate price. A572 has a mini-mum yield point of 50,000 psi and has the same corrosion resistance as that of plain carbon steel.
A242 has a minimum yield point of 50,000 psi but also offers a corrosion resistance of four times that of plain carbon steel. COR-TEN A conforms to A242 specifica-tions.
Similar to A242 but with a modified chem-istry, A588 also offers high strength and corrosion resistance. COR-TEN B con-forms to A588 specifications.
A low alloy, hot rolled, controlled cooled steel used for applications where high strength along with toughness, formabil-ity, weldability, and fatigue resistance are required. A656 has a minimum yield point of 80,000 psi. HI-FORM 80 conforms to A656.
C-3
Pressure Vessel Quality Plates
ASTM A285
ASTM A515
ASTM A516
Minimum Mechanical Properties ofStructural Quality Plates &
Pressure Vessel Quality PlatesASTM
Specification
A283 Gr.DA36
A572 Gr. 50A242
A588 Gr. AA656 Gr. 80A285 Gr. CA515 Gr. 70A516 Gr. 60A516 Gr. 65A516 Gr. 70
Yield Pointpsi
33,00036,00050,00050,00050,00080,00030,00038,00032,00035,00038,000
Tensile Strengthpsi
60 - 72,00058 - 80,000
65,00070,00070,00095,000
55 - 65,00070 - 85,00060 - 80,00065 - 80,00070 - 90,000
CarbonMax.*
not spec..25/.29
.23
.12
.19
.18
.28.31/.15.21/.27.24/.29.27/.31
*Depending on Thickness
A popular, moderate strength steel for stationary service vessels and boilers. This alloy has excellent formability and weldability.
More strength than A285 for intermedi-ate and high temperature service in boil-ers and pressure vessels. Weldable with proper recommended techniques, A515 plates have coarse grain structure and are silicon killed.
Carbon-manganese-silicon steel plate with a fine grain structure. A516 is designed for moderate and lower tem-perature service in pressure vessels where improved notch toughness is required.
Product Introduction - Plates
C-4
Product Introduction - Plates
Abrasion Resistant & Impact Resistant Plates
Abrasion resisting and impact resisting plates are low to medium carbon, low alloy steel that has been heat treated by quenching and tempering to develop high abrasion and impact resistance, and high yield strength. Due to the nature of the high hardness and toughness of these steels, they are relatively difficult to machine without the use of high speed tools. Typically, these steels have good welding and fabrication characteristics.
AR-225 A generally smooth sliding abrasion resistance with a Brinell Hardness of 200-225. Typical applications include handling of grains, coal fines, cement, sand, gravel, and earth.
AR-360 Has good sliding abrasion resistance and light impact resistance. With a Brinell Hardness of 321 (min.), this alloy is typi- cally used for buckets, chutes, hoppers, and conveyors.
AR-400 Having a Brinell Hardness of 360 (min.), this alloy is suited for a broad range of applications where sliding abrasion and moderate impact resistance exists.
AR-500 Similar to AR-400 but with an even higher Brinell Hardness of 477 (min.) typically used in extreme conditions.
T-1 type A Combines high resistance to sliding and impact abrasion. This steel is typically used where formability and weldability are more critical than with the AR steels and higher impact resistance is desired. Brinell Hardness for this alloy falls in the 250 to 360 range depending on thick- ness. Maximum thickness is 1-1/4”.
T-1 type B Same as type A but is available in greater thicknesses up to 2”.
T-1 type C Same as type A but is available in thick- nesses up to 6”.
For more extensive information on plate steel please refer to the data section of this catalog.
C-5
Universal Mill Plates
ASTM A-36Available in 20 Ft. Lengths
1/4 x 9101112
5/16 x 91012
3/8 x 9101112
1/2 x 91012
5/8 x 91012
3/4 x 91012
7/8 x 1012
1 x 91012
1-1/4 x 91012
1-1/2 x 1012
2 x 91012
Est. Weight PerFoot
Est. Weight PerFoot
Thickness & Width Inches
Thickness & Width Inches
22.9725.5230.63
29.7835.74
30.6334.0340.84
38.2542.5451.05
51.0561.26
61.2668.0681.68
7.66 8.51 9.3610.21
9.5710.6312.76
11.4912.7714.0415.32
15.3217.0220.42
19.1321.2725.53
C-6
PlatesASTM A-36
3/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/8
11/163/47/8
11-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-3/41-7/8
22-1/82-1/42-1/22-3/4
33-1/43-1/23-3/4
44-1/44-1/2
55-1/2
66-1/2
77-1/2
88-1/2
9
10
12
Thickness in Inches
Wt. Per Sq. Foot
7.6610.2112.7615.3217.8720.4222.9725.5328.0830.6335.74
40.8445.9551.0556.1661.2666.3771.4776.58
81.6886.7991.89
102.10112.31
122.52132.72142.93153.14
163.35173.56183.77
204.19224.61
245.03265.45
285.87306.29
326.71347.13
367.55
408.38
490.06
Thickness in Inches
Wt. Per Sq. Foot
C-7
Plates
Weights Per Plate -Most Common Sizes
Size
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240
72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240
96 x 240
5/8
816.961021.201225.442042.40
1021.201276.501531.802553.00
1225.441531.801838.163063.60
4084.80
1/2
653.44816.80980.16
1633.60
816.801021.001225.202042.00
980.161225.201470.242450.40
3267.20
3/4
980.161225.201470.242450.40
1225.201531.501837.803063.00
1470.241837.802205.363675.60
4900.80
7/8
1143.681429.601715.522859.20
1429.601787.002144.403574.00
1715.522144.402573.284288.80
5718.40
1
1306.881633.601960.323267.20
1633.602042.002450.404084.00
1960.322450.402940.484900.80
6534.40
Size 5/163/16 3/81/4 7/16
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240
72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240
96 x 240
326.72408.40490.08816.80
408.40510.50612.60
1021.00
490.08612.60735.12
1225.20
1633.60
245.12306.40367.68612.80
306.40383.00459.60766.00
367.68459.60551.52919.20
1225.60
408.32510.40612.48
1020.80
510.40638.00765.60
1276.00
612.48765.60918.72
1531.20
2041.60
490.24612.80735.36
1225.60
612.80766.00919.20
1532.00
735.36919.20
1103.041838.40
2451.20
571.84714.80857.76
1429.60
714.80893.50
1072.201787.00
857.761072.201286.642144.40
2859.20
Other sizes available. Please inquire.
C-8
Floor PlatesWeights Per Plate -Most Common Sizes
Other sizes available. Please inquire.
Size 12 ga16 ga 1/814 ga 3/16
1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 3/4
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144
72 x 9672 x 12072 x 144
96 x 240
96.00120.00144.00
120.00150.00180.00
168.00210.00252.00
210.00262.50315.00
197.12246.40295.68
246.40308.00369.60
295.68369.60443.52
278.72348.40418.08
348.40435.50522.60
418.08522.60627.12
Floor Plates
16 ga14 ga12 ga 1/8 3/16
1/45/163/81/23/4
Size in Inches
Size in Inches
Wt. Per Sq. Foot
Wt. Per Sq. Foot
3.003.755.256.168.71
11.2613.8116.3721.4731.68
Size
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144
72 x 9672 x 12072 x 144
360.32450.40540.48
450.40563.00675.60
540.48675.60810.72
441.92552.40662.88
552.40690.50828.60
662.88828.60994.32
2209.60
523.84654.80785.76
654.80818.50982.20
785.76982.20
1178.64
2619.20
687.04858.80
1030.56
858.801073.501288.20
1030.561288.201545.84
3435.20
1013.761267.201520.64
1267.201584.001900.00
1520.641900.802280.96
5068.80
SECTION D
Sheets Page
Processing Services D-1
Introduction to Sheet D-2
Hot Rolled Sheets D-5
Hot Rolled, Pickled & Oiled Sheets D-5
Cold Rolled Sheets D-7
Galvanized Sheets D-10
D-1
Sheet Processing Services Available
BlankingCutting To Length From Coils
Laser Cutting Leveling
Pickling & OilingPlasma Cutting
PunchingRolling, Forming, Bending
ShearingSlitting
Water Jet Cutting
D-2
Product Introduction - Sheet
Hot Rolled Sheet
Primarily used for tanks, barrels, farm implements, and other applications where surface quality is not critical. Conforming to ASTM A1011, this specification covers hot-rolled, carbon, struc-tural, high-strength low-alloy and high strength low-alloy with improved formability steel sheet in coils and cut lengths.
Hot-rolled steel sheet is available in the following designations: •CommercialSteel(CSinTypesA,B,CandD) •DrawingSteel(DSinTypesAandB) •StructuralSteel(SSingrades30,33,36Type1and2,40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70 & 80) •High-StrengthLow-AlloySteel(HSLAS,classes1and2in grades 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 & 70) •High-StrengthLow-AlloySteelwithImprovedFormability (HSLAS-F in grades 50, 60, 70 & 80) •Ultra-HighStrengthSteel(UHSSTypes1and2,ingrades 90 and 100)
Sheet produced to CS and DS specifications will conform to the chemical composition requirements for the appropriate designa-tion and is capable of being bent at room temperature in any direction through 180 degrees flat on itself without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. There are no mandatory mechani-cal property requirements for sheets ordered to a CS or DS designation.
Sheet produced to SS, HSLAS, HSLAS-F and UHSS specifica-tions will conform to the chemical composition requirements for the appropriate designation and will also conform to the manda-tory mechanical property requirements for that designation.
Pickled and Oiled
Sheets ordered to the ASTM A1011 specification may also be furnished with an oiled finish. Pickled and oiled sheets have the same properties and forming characteristics but offer less wear on tooling. These sheets go through an acid pickling bath which removes mill oxide, improving surface appearance, uniformity and finishing quality. Paint and enamel adhere well after clean-ing. Typical applications are auto and truck parts, farm imple-ments, tanks, stamped and roll formed parts.
Cold Rolled Sheet
Conforming to ASTM A1008, cold-rolled sheet’s matte finish gives it a superior surface quality to hot pickled and oiled sheet. This matte finish is ideal for paints, enamels, and lacquers. The additional steps it undergoes in production also give cold-rolled sheet closer thickness tolerances. Typical uses are refrigerators, ranges, washing machines, auto and truck bodies, signs, panels, furniture and stamped parts.
Cold-rolled sheets are available in the following designations: •CommercialSteel(CSinTypesA,B,andC) •DrawingSteel(DSinTypesAandB) •DeepDrawingSteels(DDS) •ExtraDeepDrawingSteel(EDDS) •StructuralSteel(SSingrades25,30,33Type1and2, 40 Types 1 and 2, 50, 60, 70 & 80) •High-StrengthLow-AlloySteel(HSLAS,classes1and2in grades 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 & 70 in Classes 1 and 2) •High-StrengthLow-AlloySteelwithImprovedFormability (HSLAS-F in grades 50, 60, 70 & 80) •SolutionHardenedSteel(SHS)and •BakeHardenableSteel(BHS)
Corrosion Resistant Steel Sheet
Falling within the ASTM A606 designation, this specification cov-ers high-strength, low-alloy hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheets that have enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance and are supplied in two types, Type 2 and Type 4. While maintaining high-strength characteristics, this steel is two to four times more resistant to atmospheric corrosion than low carbon steels. When unpainted, it has a tightly adherent oxide surface which stops further oxidation. A606 has excellent weldability and formability.
Coated Sheet
Hot Dipped Galvanized - These sheets are continuously hot dip coated with a durable protective coating of zinc. Hot Dipped Gal-vanized Sheets can be formed without flaking or peeling. Stamping, cold drawing, double seaming, and brake or roll form-ing will not repair the corrosion protection qualities. Galvanized
D-3
D-4
sheet can be welded or soldered. Thicknesses of 16 ga. and lighter are lockforming quality while thicknesses of 14 ga. and heavier ar commercial quality. All conform to ASTM A-653 (pre-viously A-525.)
Electro-Galvanized - These are cold rolled sheets that are zinc coated by electrolytic deposition and conform to ASTM A-879. The coating has a uniform dull gray matte appearance without the spangles normally present on hot dipped galvanized. The surface can be phosphate treated for immediate paintability. These can also be formed, rolled, or stamped without flaking, peeling, or cracking. Electro-galvanized sheets are particularly suited for cabinets, signs, light fixtures, etc., where an excellent finish is required.
Galvannealed - These sheets are heat treated after coating to produce zinc-iron alloy and eliminated spangle. It can be painted without further surface preparation except for normal cleaning. It may be subject to simple bending and forming without impairing its paintability or corrosion resistance. It is particularly suited for sign boards, metal doors and partitions, truck and trailer bodies, heater and furnace parts. It conforms to ASTM A-653.
Galvalume - This is a corrosion resistant sheet, continuously hot dipped coated with aluminum zinc alloy. For certain applica-tions it offers a substantial increase in corrosion resistance over regular galvanized. It can be readily formed, welded, and sol-dered. End uses include appliance and automotive parts, metal building and agricultural parts. It conforms to ASTM A-792.
Aluminized - This sheet steel is continuously hot dip coated with aluminum-silicon alloy. It has an attractive satin finish and it pro-vides the best qualities of aluminum and steel by resisting cor-rosion and providing strength at a low cost. It can be subjected to moderate forming, spinning, and drawing without peeling and flaking of the coating. Conforming to ASTM A-463, its applica-tions include crop dryers, dry kiln fan walls, dryers, incinerators, mufflers, oven and space heater components.
For more information on sheet steel please refer to the data sec-tion of this catalog.
D-5
SheetHot Rolled andHot Rolled, Pickled & Oiled
Gauge Est. Wt.
per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.
Sizein
Inches
Est. Wt.per Sheet
in Lbs.
Decimalin
Inches7
10
11
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240
72 x 12072 x 14472 x 240
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240
72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240
72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
7.5007.5007.5007.500
7.5007.5007.5007.500
7.5007.5007.500
5.6255.6255.6255.625
5.6255.6255.6255.625
5.6255.6255.6255.625
5.0005.0005.0005.000
5.0005.0005.0005.000
5.0005.0005.0005.000
240.0300.0360.0600.0
300.0375.0450.0750.0
450.0540.0900.0
180.0225.0270.0450.0
225.0281.3337.5562.5
270.0337.5405.0675.0
160.0200.0240.0400.0
200.0250.0300.0500.0
240.0300.0360.0600.0
Most Common Sizes
D-6
SheetHot Rolled andHot Rolled, Pickled & Oiled
Gauge Est. Wt.
per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.
Sizein
Inches
Est. Wt.per Sheet
in Lbs.
Decimalin
Inches12
14
16
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240
72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144
72 x 9672 x 12072 x 144
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144
4.3754.3754.3754.375
4.3754.3754.3754.375
4.3754.3754.3754.375
3.1253.1253.125
3.1253.1253.125
3.1253.1253.125
2.5002.5002.500
2.5002.5002.500
140.0175.0210.0350.0
175.0218.8262.5437.5
210.0262.5315.0525.0
100.0125.0150.0
125.0156.3187.5
150.0187.5225.0
80.0100.0120.0
100.0125.0150.0
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
Other Sizes Available. Slit and cut-to-length from coil. Please inquire.
Most Common Sizes
D-7
Gauge Est. Wt.
per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.
Sizein
Inches
Est. Wt.per Sheet
in Lbs.
Decimalin
Inches7
10
11
12
14
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
60 x 120
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 120
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144
72 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1793
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1345
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1196
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.1046
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
.0747
7.5007.500
7.5007.500
5.6255.625
5.6255.625
5.625
5.0005.000
5.0005.0005.000
5.000
4.3754.375
4.3754.375
4.3754.3754.375
4.375
3.1253.1253.125
3.1253.1253.125
3.1253.1253.125
180.0225.0
240.0300.0
135.0168.8
180.0225.0
281.3
120.0150.0
160.0200.0240.0
250.0
105.0131.3
140.0175.0
175.0218.8262.5
315.0
75.093.8
112.5
100.0125.0150.0
125.0156.3187.5
SheetCold Rolled, Oiled
Most Common Sizes
D-8
Gauge Est. Wt.
per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.
Sizein
Inches
Est. Wt.per Sheet
in Lbs.
Decimalin
Inches14
16
18
20
72 x 12072 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144
72 x 12072 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 120
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 12060 x 144
.0747
.0747
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0598
.0478
.0478
.0478
.0478
.0478
.0478
.0478
.0359
.0359
.0359
.0359
.0359
.0359
.0359
.0359
3.1253.125
2.5002.5002.500
2.5002.5002.500
2.5002.5002.500
2.5002.500
2.0002.0002.000
2.0002.0002.000
2.000
1.5001.5001.500
1.5001.5001.500
1.5001.500
187.5225.0
60.075.090.0
80.0100.0120.0
100.0125.0150.0
150.0180.0
48.060.072.0
64.080.096.0
100.0
36.045.054.0
48.060.072.0
75.090.0
SheetCold Rolled, Oiled
Most Common Sizes
D-9
Other Sizes Available. Slit and cut-to-length from coil. Please inquire.
Gauge Est. Wt.
per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.
Sizein
Inches
Est. Wt.per Sheet
in Lbs.
Decimalin
Inches22
24
26
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
36 x 12048 x 120
.0299
.0299
.0299
.0299
.0239
.0239
.0239
.0239
.0179
.0179
1.2501.250
1.2501.250
1.0001.000
1.0001.000
.750
.750
30.037.5
40.050.0
24.030.0
32.040.0
22.530.0
SheetCold Rolled, Oiled
Most Common Sizes
D-10
Gauge Est. Wt.
per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.
Sizein
Inches
Est. Wt.per Sheet
in Lbs.
Decimalin
Inches
10
11
12
14
16
36 x 120
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 120
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 12060 x 144
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 12060 x 144
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 12060 x 144
.1382
.1382
.1382
.1382
.1382
.1233
.1233
.1233
.1084
.1084
.1084
.1084
.1084
.1084
.1084
.0785
.0785
.0785
.0785
.0785
.0785
.0785
.0635
.0635
.0635
.0635
.0635
.0635
.0635
5.781
5.7815.7815.781
5.781
5.1565.1565.156
4.5314.531
4.5314.5314.531
4.5314.531
3.2813.281
3.2813.2813.281
3.2813.281
2.6562.656
2.6562.6562.656
2.6562.656
173.43
184.99231.24277.49
289.05
164.99206.24247.49
108.74135.93
144.99181.24217.49
226.55271.86
78.7498.43
104.99131.24157.49
164.05196.86
63.7479.68
84.99106.24127.49
132.80159.36
SheetGalvanized
Most Common Sizes
D-11
Gauge Est. Wt.
per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.
Sizein
Inches
Est. Wt.per Sheet
in Lbs.
Decimalin
Inches
18
20
22
24
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
60 x 120
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144
48 x 9648 x 120
60 x 9660 x 120
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
60 x 9660 x 120
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
60 x 9660 x 120
.0516
.0516
.0516
.0516
.0516
.0516
.0516
.0396
.0396
.0396
.0396
.0396
.0396
.0396
.0336
.0336
.0336
.0336
.0336
.0336
.0276
.0276
.0276
.0276
.0276
.0276
2.1562.1562.156
2.1562.1562.156
2.156
1.6561.6561.656
1.6561.656
1.6561.656
1.4061.406
1.4061.406
1.4061.406
1.1561.156
1.1561.156
1.1561.156
51.7464.6877.62
68.9986.24
103.49
107.80
39.7449.6859.62
52.9966.24
66.2482.80
33.7442.18
44.9956.24
56.2470.30
27.7434.68
36.9946.24
46.2457.80
SheetGalvanized
Most Common Sizes
D-12
SheetGalvanized
Other Sizes Available. Slit and cut-to-length from coil. Please inquire.
Gauge Est. Wt.
per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.
Sizein
Inches
Est. Wt.per Sheet
in Lbs.
Decimalin
Inches26
28
30
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
60 x 96
36 x 9636 x 120
48 x 9648 x 120
36 x 9636 x 120
.0217
.0217
.0217
.0217
.0217
.0187
.0187
.0187
.0187
.0157
.0157
.906
.906
.906
.906
.906
.781
.781
.781
.781
.656
.656
21.7427.18
28.9936.24
36.24
18.7423.43
24.9931.24
15.7419.68
Most Common Sizes
SECTION E
Tubing & Pipe Page
Processing Services E-1
Introduction to Tube & Pipe E-2
DOM & Round Tubing E-4
Square Tubing E-27
Rectangular Tubing E-29
Pipe E-32
Relift Tube (Also known as Auger E-39 Tube, Blow Pipe & Spouting)
E-1
Tubing & Pipe Processing Services Available
BendingBeveling
Centerless GrindingCoating
GalvanizingHard Chrome Plating
HoningMiter Cutting
Production CuttingSaw Cutting to Length
Threading
E-2
Product Introduction - Tubing & Pipe
Round Tubing
Electrical Resistance Welded - ERW is the lowest cost of all mechanical tubing. It is produced from low carbon steel. Tubing with wall thicknesses heavier than 18 ga. is produced from hot rolled steel, while tubing with wall thicknesses of 18ga. and light-er is produced from cold rolled steel. Furnished in “as-welded” condition, the OD weld flash is removed on all sizes. For round tubing with 1” OD and larger, the ID weld flash is controlled to .010” to .015” (depending on OD). Sizes under 1” OD are pro-duced flash-in. Manufactured to OD and wall dimensions, ERW meets ASTM A-513 Type 1 (HR) or Type 2 (CR) specifications.
DOM (Drawn-Over-Mandrel) - DOM is a cold drawn electric resistance welded tube with all weld flash removed. Each tube is tested for soundness of weld. Typically, DOM is preferred over seamless tubing for its excellent OD and ID concentricity. Normalizing and cold drawing over a mandrel makes DOM a uniform and precision product. Furnished in “as drawn” condi-tion and produced to OD and ID dimensions, DOM meets ASTM A-513 type 5 specifications.
Cold Drawn Seamless - This carbon steel tube is produced to OD and ID dimensions and is furnished in “as-drawn” condition. Cold drawn seamless tubing offers good surface quality and increased mechanical properties over hot finished seamless tub-ing. Cold drawn seamless meets ASTM A-519 specifications.
Hot Finished Seamless - This carbon steel tube is lower in cost than its cold drawn counterpart. It is most applicable where precise dimensions and surface quality are of secondary impor-tance. It also meets ASTM A-519 specifications.
Square and Rectangular Tubing
Structural ASTM A-500 Gr. B - This is a cold formed, electric resistance welded tubing with a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is relatively low in cost and is easily welded, formed, punched and drilled. The hollow shape offers good appearance and ease of maintenance. The OD weld flash is removed on all sizes and it has a flash-in ID.
E-3
Structural High Strength, Low Alloy (HSLA-70) - This tube of-fers the same benefits of ASTM A-500 Gr. B, but with a 52% higher strength-to-weight ratio. This tube offers a minimum yield strength of 70,000 psi.
Mechanical ASTM A-513 - This electric resistance welded tubing is made from low carbon steel. Those with wall thicknesses that are heavier than 18ga. are produced from hot rolled steel, and those with wall thicknesses of 18ga. and lighter are produced from cold rolled steel. All OD weld flash is removed on all sizes, while the ID is flash-in. This tube offers good surface finish and forming qualities.
Pipe
Continuous Buttweld - A general purpose pipe for use in steam, gas and air lines. It is not intended for close coiling, bending or high temperature service. No minimum mechanical properties are specified for this product, but is typically stocked with a stan-dard black lacquer coating. Continuous buttweld meets ASTM A-53 Type F Specifications (which has replaced the obsolete ASTM A-120 specifications.)
Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) - This pipe is suitable for welding, coiling, bending, flaring, and flanging. It is pressure tested and is typically stocked with a standard black lacquer coating with plain beveled edge ends. ERW meets ASTM A-53 Gr. B Type E.
Pipe Size ERW - A structural purpose pipe sized tube that is produced to meet ASTM A-500 specifications. Compared to pipe, this product offers higher strength, better straightness as well as a superior finish and usually costs less than pipe. This product is not pressure tested.
E-4
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
1/4” O.D. x 22 20 18
5/16” O.D. x 22 20 18 16
3/8” O.D. x 22 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 1/8
7/16” O.D. x 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 1/8
1/2” O.D. x 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16
17/32” O.D. x 14 11
9/16” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.028
.035
.049
.028
.035
.049
.065
.028
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.095
.109
.125
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.095
.109
.125
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.083
.120
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.0664
.0804
.1052
.0852
.1039
.1382
.1722
.1038
.1271
.1706
.1964
.2152
.2588
.2841
.3097
.3338
.1506
.2036
.2354
.2589
.3147
.3480
.3830
.4179
.1738
.2360
.2738
.3020
.3696
.4109
.4552
.4870
.5006
.5238
.5731
.6264
.3971
.5270
.1974
.2690
.3457
.4255
.4748
.5285
.5677
.5847
.6140
.194
.180
.152
.257
.243
.215
.183
.319
.305
.277
.259
.245
.209
.185
.157
.125
.368
.340
.322
.308
.272
.248
.220
.188
.430
.402
.384
.370
.334
.310
.282
.260
.250
.232
.188
.125
.365
.291
.493
.465
.433
.397
.373
.345
.323
.313
.295
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-5
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
5/8” O.D. x 22 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4
11/16” O.D. x 16 14 13 11 1/8
3/4” O.D. x 22 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4
13/16” O.D. x 16 14 11 1/8 1/4
.840” O.D. x 12
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.028
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.065
.083
.095
.120
.125
.028
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.065
.083
.120
.125
.250
.109
.1785 .2205 .3014 .3512 .3888 .4805 .5377 .6007 .6472 .6675 .7027 .7814 .8774 .94961.0010
.4325 .5363 .6017 .7279 .7516
.2159 .2673 .3668 .4287 .4755 .5913 .6646 .7462 .8074 .8344 .8816 .98971.12801.24201.3350
.5193 .6471 .8881 .91781.5020
.8510
.569
.555
.527
.509
.495
.459
.435
.407
.385
.375
.357
.312
.250
.187
.125
.558
.522
.498
.448
.438
.694
.680
.652
.634
.620
.584
.560
.532
.510
.500
.482
.437
.375
.313
.250
.683
.647
.573
.563
.312
.622
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-6
DOM & Round Mechanical Tubing Carbon Steel Available in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
27/32” O.D. x 12
7/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16
15/16” O.D. x 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 1/4
1” O.D. x 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.109
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.313
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.250
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.344
.375
.8556
.3140 .4323 .5623 .7021 .7914 .8917 .96761.00101.06001.19801.37901.53401.66901.8790
.6060 .7579 .8553 .96511.04801.08501.15101.30301.50601.8370
.3607 .4997 .5835 .6491 .8129 .9182 1.0370 1.1280 1.16801.23901.40601.6300 1.82702.00302.15802.29702.41002.5030
.626
.805
.777
.745
.709
.685
.657
.635
.625
.607
.563
.500
.438
.375
.250
.808
.772
.748
.720
.698
.688
.670
.626
.562
.438
.930
.902
.884
.870
.834
.810
.782
.760
.750
.732
.688
.625
.562
.500
.438
.375
.313
.250
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-7
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
1-1/16” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 1/4
1-1/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8
1-3/16” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32
1-1/4” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.250
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.375
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.120
.125
.156
.188
.219
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.3843 .5306 .6928 .8687 .9821 1.1110 1.2090 1.2520 1.3300 1.5110 1.7570 2.1710
.4074 .5631 .7359 .9237 1.0450 1.1830 1.2880 1.3350 1.4180 1.6140 1.8810 2.1190 2.3360 2.5330 2.7140 3.0040
.4310 .5961 .7796 .9795 1.1090 1.3690 1.4190 1.7190 2.0080 2.2660
.4542 .6285 .8226 1.0340 1.1720 1.3280 1.4480 1.5020
.993 .965 .933 .897 .873 .845 .823 .813 .795 .750 .687 .562
1.0551.027 .995 .959 .935 .907 .885 .875 .857 .813 .750 .688 .625 .563 .500 .375
1.1181.0901.0581.022 .998 .948 .938 .875 .812 .750
1.1801.1521.1201.0841.0601.0321.0101.000
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-8
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
1 1/4” O.D. x 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16
1-5/16” O.D. x 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8
1-3/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 11/64 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.344
.375
.438
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.375
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.172
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.375
1.59701.82302.13202.41102.67002.90803.13203.32903.50403.7980
.86641.09001.23601.40201.52901.58601.68701.92802.25902.55902.83803.09703.34303.7570
.5009 .6939 .90941.14501.29901.47401.60801.66901.77602.03102.21002.38302.70403.00403.28303.55004.0050
.982 .938 .875 .812 .750 .687 .625 .562 .500 .375
1.1831.1471.1231.0941.0731.0631.0441.000 .937 .875 .813 .751 .687 .562
1.3051.2771.2451.2091.1851.1571.1351.1251.1071.0631.0311.000 .937 .875 .813 .749 .625
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-9
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
1 7/16” O.D. x 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4
1-1/2” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 15/64 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2
1-9/16” O.D. x 13 12 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1-5/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.120
.125
.156
.188
.219
.250
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.234
.250
.281
.313
.344
.375
.438
.500
.095
.109
.120
.125
.156
.188
.250
.313
.375
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
1.6890 1.7530 2.1360 2.5100 2.8510 3.1720
.5476 .7593 .9962 1.2560 1.4260 1.6190 1.7690 1.8360 1.9550 2.2390 2.6340 2.9960 3.1640 3.3380 3.6580 3.9680 4.2470 4.5060 4.9680 5.3400
1.4890 1.6930 1.8490 1.9200 2.3440 2.7610 3.5060 4.1790 4.7580
.5943 .8248 1.0830 1.3670 1.5520 1.7650 1.9290 2.0030 2.1340
1.1981.1881.1251.0621.000 .938
1.4301.4021.3701.3341.3101.2821.2601.2501.2321.1881.1251.0621.0321.000 .938 .875 .813 .750 .625 .500
1.3721.3451.3231.3131.2511.1871.063 .937 .812
1.5551.5271.4951.4591.4351.4071.3851.3751.357
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-10
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
1-5/8” O.D. x 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2
1-11/16” O.D. x 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 1-3/4” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8
1-13/16” O.D. x 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.375
.438
.500
.125
.156
.188
.250
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.375
.438
.500
.563
.625
.125
.156
.188
.250
2.4470 2.8850 3.2890 3.6710 4.0330 4.3860 5.0060 5.5530 6.0080
2.0870 2.5520 3.0120 3.8380
.6411 .8902 1.1700 1.4780 1.6790 1.9100 2.0890 2.1690 2.3130 2.6560 3.1360 3.5810 4.0050 4.4090 4.8040 5.5070 6.1370 6.6750 7.1370 7.5090
2.2540 2.7610 3.2630 4.1730
1.3131.2501.1871.1251.0631.000 .875 .750 .625
1.4381.3751.3121.188
1.6801.6521.6201.5841.5601.5321.5101.5001.4821.4381.3751.3121.2501.1881.1251.000 .875 .750 .624 .500
1.5631.5011.4371.313
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
1-7/8” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2
1-15/16” O.D. x 1/8 5/32 7/32 1/4 3/8 2” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.375
.438
.500
.125
.156
.219
.250
.375
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.180
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.344
.375
.438
.500
.563
.625
.750
.9556 1.2570 1.5890 1.8060 2.0560 2.2490 2.3360 2.4920 2.8640 3.3870 3.8730 4.3390 4.7840 5.2220 6.0080 6.7220 7.3430
2.4200 2.9680 4.0210 4.5070 6.2580
.7345 1.0210 1.3430 1.6990 1.9330 2.2010 2.4090 2.5030 2.6700 3.0720 3.4990 3.6380 4.1660 4.6730 5.1590 5.6390 6.0840 6.5080 7.3070 8.0100 8.6400 9.178010.0100
1.7771.7451.7091.6851.6571.6351.6251.6071.5631.5001.4371.3751.3131.2501.1251.000 .875
1.6881.6261.5001.4371.188
1.9301.9021.8701.8341.8101.7821.7601.7501.7321.6881.6401.6251.5631.5001.4371.3751.3131.2501.1251.000 .875 .750 .500
E-11Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-12
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
2-1/16” O.D. x 5/32 3/16 1/4 5/16
2-1/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 2-3/16” O.D. x 1/8 1/4 2-1/4” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.156
.188
.250
.313
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.120
.125
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.375
.438
.500
.563
.625
.125
.250
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.344
.375
.438
.500
3.1770 3.7650 4.8410 5.8500
.7812 1.0860 1.4300 1.8100 2.0600 2.5700 2.6700 3.2810 3.8890 4.4580 5.0060 5.5340 6.0570 7.0090 7.8920 8.6780 9.392010.0100
2.7540 5.1740
.8280 1.1520 1.5170 1.9210 2.1860 2.4920 2.7300 2.8370 3.0280 3.4890 4.1400 4.7500 5.3400 5.9090 6.4750 7.0020 7.5090 8.4760 9.3450
1.7501.6871.5631.437
2.0552.0271.9951.9591.9351.8851.8751.8131.7501.6871.6251.5631.5001.3751.2501.1251.000 .875
1.9381.688
2.1802.1522.1202.0842.0602.0322.0102.0001.9821.9381.8751.8131.7501.6881.6251.5631.5001.3751.250
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-13
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
2-1/4” O.D. x 9/16 5/8 3/4
2-5/16” O.D. x 3/16 1/4
2-3/8” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 12 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 2-7/16” O.D. x 1/4 2-1/2” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
.563
.625
.750
.188
.250
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.125
.156
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.375
.438
.500
.563
.625
.750
.250
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.125
.134
.156
.180
.188
.219
.250
.281
.313
.344
.375
.438
.500
10.14010.85012.020
4.267 5.508
1.217 1.604 2.032 2.313 2.638 3.004 3.697 4.391 5.043 5.674 6.284 6.893 8.010 9.06110.01010.90011.68013.020
5.842
1.283 1.690 2.143 2.440 2.783 3.050 3.171 3.386 3.905 4.460 4.642 5.335 6.008 6.659 7.311 7.921 8.511 9.64610.680
1.1251.000 .750
1.9371.813
2.2772.2452.2092.1852.1572.1252.0632.0001.9381.8751.8131.7501.6251.5001.3751.2501.125 .875
1.938
2.4022.3702.3342.3102.2822.2602.2502.2322.1882.1402.1252.0632.0001.9381.8751.8131.7501.6251.500
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
ODIn.
E-14
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
2-1/2” O.D. x 9/16 5/8 3/4
2-9/16” O.D. x 3/16 1/4
2-5/8” O.D. x 16 13 12 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 2-3/4” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 1
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.563 .625 .750
.188 .250
.065 .095 .109 .120 .125 .156 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625
.049 .065 .083 .095 .120 .125 .156 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .344 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .688 .750 .8751.000
11.65012.52014.020
4.769 6.176
1.777 2.567 2.929 3.210 3.338 4.114 4.893 5.627 6.341 7.035 7.729 9.01110.23011.35012.40013.350
1.413 1.864 2.364 2.694 3.371 3.504 4.322 5.144 5.920 6.675 7.410 8.147 8.839 9.51210.82012.02013.15014.18015.15016.02017.52018.690
1.3751.2501.000
2.1872.063
2.4952.4352.4072.3852.3752.3132.2502.1872.1252.0632.0001.8751.7501.6251.5001.375
2.6522.6202.5842.5602.5102.5002.4372.3752.3122.2502.1882.1252.0622.0001.8751.7501.6251.5001.3751.2501.000 .750
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-15
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
2-7/8” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4
3” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 1
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.065 .095 .120 .125 .156 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750
.049 .065 .083 .095 .109 .120 .125 .134 .156 .180 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .344 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .688 .750 .8751.000
1.951 2.821 3.531 3.671 4.530 5.395 6.212 7.009 7.785 8.56410.01011.40012.68013.90015.02017.020
1.544 2.037 2.586 2.947 3.365 3.691 3.838 4.102 4.738 5.421 5.646 6.505 7.343 8.160 8.982 9.75810.51011.98013.35014.65015.85016.99018.02019.86021.360
2.7452.6852.6352.6252.5632.5002.4372.3752.3132.2502.1252.0001.8751.7501.6251.375
2.9022.8702.8342.8102.7822.7602.7502.7322.6882.6402.6252.5632.5002.4382.3752.3122.2502.1252.0001.8751.7501.6251.5001.2501.000
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-16
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
3-1/16” O.D. x 1/4 5/16
3-1/8” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8
3-1/4” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
3-3/8” O.D. x 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.250 .313
.065 .095 .120 .125 .188 .219 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .875
.065 .095 .120 .125 .134 .156 .188 .219 .250 .313 .344 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.000
.120 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750
7.511 9.193
2.124 3.074 3.851 4.005 5.897 6.797 7.676 9.40011.01012.57014.02015.40016.69019.02021.030
2.211 3.201 4.011 4.172 4.459 5.155 6.148 7.089 8.010 9.81810.68011.51013.15014.69016.16017.52020.03022.19024.030
4.172 6.399 8.34410.24012.02013.74015.35016.91018.36021.030
2.5632.438
2.9952.9352.8852.8752.7502.6872.6252.5002.3752.2502.1252.0001.8751.6251.375
3.1203.0603.0103.0002.9822.9382.8752.8122.7502.6252.5622.5002.3752.2502.1252.0001.7501.5001.250
3.1353.0002.8752.7502.6252.5002.3752.2502.1251.875
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-17
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
3-1/2” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
3-5/8” O.D. x 16 11 3/16 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4
3-3/4” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.049 .065 .083 .095 .120 .125 .134 .156 .180 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.000
.065 .120 .188 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750
.065 .095 .120 .125 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500
1.806 2.385 3.029 3.455 4.332 4.506 4.817 5.571 6.382 6.650 7.674 8.678 9.66010.65012.52014.32016.02017.66019.19022.03024.53026.700
2.471 4.492 6.901 9.01110.04011.07013.02014.91016.69018.41020.03023.030
2.558 3.708 4.652 4.839 7.152 9.34511.49013.52015.49017.360
3.4023.3703.3343.3103.2603.2503.2323.1883.1403.1253.0633.0002.9382.8752.7502.6252.5002.3752.2502.0001.7501.500
3.4953.3853.2503.1253.0633.0002.8752.7502.6252.5002.3752.125
3.6203.5603.5103.5003.3753.2503.1253.0002.8752.750
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-18
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
3-3/4” O.D. x 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
3-7/8” O.D. x 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4
4” O.D. x 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
4-1/8” O.D. x 16 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.563 .625 .750 .8751.000
.125 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .625 .750
.065 .083 .095 .109 .120 .125 .134 .156 .180 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.0001.250
.065 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .625 .750
19.16020.86024.03026.87029.370
5.006 7.403 9.67911.91014.02016.08018.02021.69025.030
2.732 3.472 3.962 4.530 4.973 5.173 5.533 6.404 7.344 7.654 8.84310.01011.16012.33014.52016.66018.69020.67022.53026.03029.20032.04036.710
2.818 7.90510.35012.74015.02017.25019.36023.36027.030
2.6252.5002.2502.0001.750
3.6253.5003.3753.2503.1253.0002.8752.6252.375
3.8703.8343.8103.7823.7603.7503.7323.6883.6403.6253.5623.5003.4383.3753.2503.1253.0002.8752.7502.5002.2502.0001.500
3.9953.7503.6253.5003.3753.2503.1252.8752.625
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-19
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
4-1/4” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4
4-3/8” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4
4-1/2” O.D. x 16 14 13 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.065 .095 .120 .125 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .625 .688 .750 .8751.0001.2501.250
.188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .625 .750
.065 .083 .095 .125 .134 .156 .180 .188 .219 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.000
2.905 4.216 5.293 5.507 8.15610.68013.16015.52017.83020.03024.20026.17028.04031.54034.71037.55040.050
8.40711.01013.58016.02018.42020.69025.03029.040
3.079 3.915 4.469 5.841 6.248 7.237 8.305 8.65810.01011.35014.00016.52019.00021.36023.67025.87030.04033.88037.380
4.1204.0604.0104.0003.8753.7503.6253.5003.3753.2503.0002.8752.7502.5002.2502.0001.750
4.0003.8753.7493.6253.5003.3753.1252.875
4.3704.3344.3104.2504.2324.1884.1404.1254.0624.0003.8753.7503.6253.5003.3753.2503.0002.7502.500
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-20
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
4-1/2” O.D. x 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-1/2
4-5/8” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8
4-3/4” O.D. x 11 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
5” O.D. x 16 14 11 1/8 7 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-1/2
5-1/8” O.D. x 5/16 1/2 5/8
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
1.1251.2501.500
.188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .625
.120 .125 .188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.000
.065 .083 .120 .125 .180 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.0001.1251.2501.500
.313 .500 .625
40.55043.39048.060
8.90911.68014.41017.02022.03026.700
5.934 6.174 9.16012.02014.83017.52022.70025.18027.53032.04036.21040.050
3.426 4.359 6.254 6.508 9.266 9.66212.68015.67018.52021.34024.03026.68029.20034.04038.55042.72046.56050.06056.070
16.09024.70030.040
2.2502.0001.500
4.2504.1254.0003.8753.6253.375
4.5104.5004.3754.2504.1254.0003.7503.6253.5003.2503.0002.750
4.8704.8344.7604.7504.6404.6254.5004.3754.2504.1254.0003.8753.7503.5003.2503.0002.7502.5002.000
4.5004.1253.875
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-21
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
5-1/4” O.D. x 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 5-3/8” O.D. x 3/16 5-1/2” O.D. x 16 11 10 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2
5-5/8” O.D. x 5/16 5/8
5-3/4” O.D. x 11 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
6” O.D. x 16 14 11 1/8 7
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.120 .188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.0001.250
.188
.065 .120 .134 .188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.0001.2501.500
.313 .625
.120 .188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.000
.065 .083 .120 .125 .180
6.57510.16013.35016.50019.52025.37030.87036.05040.88045.39053.400
10.410
3.773 6.895 7.67910.67014.02017.34020.53026.70032.54038.05043.22048.06056.74064.080
17.76033.380
7.21511.17014.69021.53028.04034.21040.05045.56050.730
4.120 5.245 7.536 7.84311.190
5.0104.8754.7504.6254.5004.2504.0003.7503.5003.2502.750
5.000
5.3705.2605.2325.1255.0004.8754.7504.5004.2504.0003.7503.5003.0002.500
5.0004.375
5.5105.3755.2505.0004.7504.5004.2504.0003.750
5.8705.8345.7605.7505.640
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-22
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
6” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2
6-1/4” O.D. x 11 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1
6-1/2” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2
6-5/8” O.D. x 1/8 3/16 1/4
6-3/4” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 7/8 1
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.0001.2501.500
.120 .125 .188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.000
.188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.500
.125 .188 .250
.250 .375 .500 .750 .8751.000
11.67015.35019.01022.53029.37035.88042.05047.89053.40063.41072.090
7.856 8.17712.17016.02023.53030.71037.55044.06056.070
12.67016.69024.53032.04039.22046.06058.74070.09080.100
8.67812.92017.020
17.36025.53033.38048.06054.90061.410
5.6255.5005.3755.2505.0004.7504.5004.2504.0003.5003.000
6.0106.0005.8755.7505.5005.2505.0004.7504.250
6.1256.0005.7505.5005.2505.0004.5004.0003.500
6.3756.2496.125
6.2506.0005.7505.2505.0004.750
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-23
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
7” O.D. x 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2
7-1/4” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
7-1/2” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2
7-5/8” O.D. x 1/4
7-3/4” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1
8” O.D. x 1/8
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.125 .188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.5002.000
.188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.000
.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.500
.250
.250 .375 .500 .7501.000
.125
9.178 13.680 18.020 26.530 34.710 42.550 50.060 64.080 76.760 88.110106.800
14.180 18.690 27.530 36.050 44.220 52.070 59.570 66.750
19.360 28.540 37.380 45.890 54.070 69.420 83.440 96.120
19.690
20.030 29.540 38.720 56.070 72.090
10.770
6.7506.6256.5006.2506.0005.7505.5005.0004.5004.0003.000
6.8756.7506.5006.2506.0005.7505.5005.250
7.0006.7506.5006.2506.0005.5005.0004.500
7.125
7.2507.0006.7506.2505.750
7.750
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-24
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
Avg.Wall
8” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2
8-1/4” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1
8-1/2” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2
8-5/8” O.D. x 1/8
8-3/4” O.D. x 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2
9” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2
9-1/4” O.D. x 1/2 3/4 1
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.500
.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.000
.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.500
.125
.375 .500 .7501.0001.500
.250 .375 .500 .7501.0001.2501.5002.000
.500 .7501.000
20.69 30.54 40.05 49.23 58.07 74.76 90.11104.10
21.36 31.54 41.39 50.90 60.08 77.43
22.03 32.54 42.72 52.57 62.08 80.10 96.79112.10
11.35
33.54 44.06 64.08 82.77116.10
23.36 34.54 45.39 66.08 85.44103.50120.20149.50
46.73 68.09 88.11
7.5007.2507.0006.7506.5006.0005.5005.000
7.7507.5007.2507.0006.7506.250
8.0007.7507.5007.2507.0006.5006.0005.500
8.375
8.0007.7507.2506.7505.750
8.5008.2508.0007.5007.0006.5006.0005.000
8.2507.7507.250
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-25
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
9-1/2” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/8 1-1/2 2
9-3/4” O.D. x 1/2 1
10” O.D. x 12 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4
10-1/4” O.D. x 3/4
10-1/2” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2
10-3/4” O.D. x 1/2 3/4
11” O.D. x 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2
.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.1251.5002.000
.5001.000
.109 .125 .188 .250 .375 .500 .7501.0001.2501.5001.7502.0002.250
.750
.250 .375 .500 .7501.0001.5002.000
.500 .750
.500 .7501.0001.5002.000
24.70 36.55 48.06 59.24 70.09 90.78100.60128.20160.20
49.40 93.45
11.51 13.18 19.70 26.03 38.55 50.73 74.09 96.12116.80136.20154.20170.90186.20
76.10
27.37 40.55 53.40 78.10101.50144.20181.60
54.74 80.10
56.07 82.10106.80152.20192.20
9.000 8.750 8.500 8.250 8.000 7.500 7.250 6.500 5.500
8.750 7.750
9.782 9.750 9.624 9.500 9.250 9.000 8.500 8.000 7.500 7.000 6.500 6.000 5.500
8.750
10.000 9.750 9.500 9.000 8.500 7.500 6.500
9.750 9.250
10.000 9.500 9.000 8.000 7.000
Avg.Wall
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-26
DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.
11-1/2” O.D. x 3/4 1 1-1/2 2
12” O.D. x 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2
12-1/2” O.D. x 1 2-1/2
13” O.D. x 1 1-1/2 2
14” O.D. x 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2
15” O.D. x 1 1-1/2 2
16” O.D. x 1 1-1/2 2
.7501.0001.5002.000
.375 .500 .7501.0001.2501.5002.000
1.0002.500
1.0001.5002.000
1.0001.2501.5002.000
1.0001.5002.000
1.0001.5002.000
86.11112.10160.20202.90
46.56 61.41 90.11117.50143.50168.20213.60
122.80267.00
128.20184.20235.00
138.80170.20200.30256.30
149.50216.30277.70
160.20232.30299.00
10.000 9.500 8.500 7.500
11.25011.00010.50010.000 9.500 9.000 8.000
10.500 7.500
11.00010.000 9.000
12.00011.50011.00010.000
13.00012.00011.000
14.00013.00012.000
Avg.Wall
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
IDIn.
ODIn.
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-27
Square TubingMechanical & StructuralCarbon Steel
Available in Lengths 20 Ft., 24 Ft., 40 Ft. & 48 Ft.
3/8” x 3/8” 20 16
1/2” x 1/2” 20 18 16
5/8” x 5/8” 18 16
3/4” x 3/4” 20 18 16 14 11
7/8” x 7/8” 18 16 14
1” x 1” 20 18 16 14 12 11
1-1/8” x 1-1/8” 18 16
1-1/4” x 1-1/4” 18 16 14 12 11 3/16
1-1/2” x 1-1/2”181614113/161/4
1-3/4” x 1-3/4”161411
2” x 2”181614111/83/161/4
2-1/4” x 2-1/4”161/4
2-1/2” x 2-1/2”1614113/161/4
3” x 3” 14113/161/45/163/8
3-1/2” x 3-1/2”3/161/45/16
.035
.065
.035
.049
.065
.049
.065
.035
.049
.065
.083
.120
.049
.065
.083
.035
.049
.065
.083
.109
.120
.049
.065
.049
.065
.083
.109
.120
.188
.049
.065
.083
.120
.188
.250
.065
.083
.120
.049
.065
.083
.120
.125
.188
.250
.065
.250
.065
.083
.120
.188
.250
.083
.120
.188
.250
.313
.375
.188
.250
.313
.1618 .2740
.2213 .3005 .3845
.3838 .4950
.3400 .4671 .6055.752901.0280
.5504 .7160 .8940
.4593 .6337 .82651.03501.32101.4360
.7170 .9370
.80031.04801.31701.69101.84402.4000
.9669 1.2690 1.6000 2.2520 3.2300 4.2500
1.4900 1.8820 2.6600
1.3000 1.7110 2.1640 3.0680 3.0500 4.3200 5.4100
1.9320 6.2600
2.1530 2.7280 3.8840 5.5900 7.1100
3.2930 4.7000 6.8700 8.810010.580012.1700
8.150010.510012.7000
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WallGauge
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WallGauge
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-28
Square TubingMechanical & StructuralCarbon Steel
Available in Lengths 20 Ft., 24 Ft., 40 Ft. & 48 Ft.
4” x 4” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
4-1/2” x 4-1/2” 3/16 1/4
5” x 5” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
6” x 6” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
7” x 7” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
8” x 8” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8
10” x 10” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8
12” x 12” 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
14” x 14” 3/8 1/2
16” x 16” 3/8 1/2
.120
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.120
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.625
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.625
.250
.313
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
6.460 9.42012.21014.83017.27021.630
10.70013.910
8.16011.97015.62019.08022.37028.430
14.53019.02023.34027.48035.240
17.08022.42027.59032.58042.050
19.63025.82031.84037.96048.85059.320
24.73 32.63 40.35 47.90 62.46 76.33
39.43 48.86 58.10 76.07
68.31 89.68
78.52103.30
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WallGauge
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WallGauge
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-29
Rectangular TubingMechanical & StructuralCarbon Steel
Available in Lengths 20 Ft., 24 Ft., 40 Ft. & 48 Ft.
1” x 1/2” 18 16
1” x 3/4” 16
1-1/2” x 1/2” 16
1-1/2” x 3/4” 16 14 11
1-1/2” x 1” 16 14 11
2” x 3/4” 16
2” x 1” 18 16 14 11
2” x 1-1/4” 14
2” x 1-1/2” 14 11
2-1/2” x 1” 14
2-1/2” x 1-1/4” 14
2-1/2” x 1-1/2” 14 11 3/16 1/4
.049
.065
.065
.065
.065
.083
.120
.065
.083
.120
.065
.049
.065
.083
.120
.083
.083
.120
.083
.083
.083
.120
.188
.250
.120
.065
.083
.120
.083
.120
.188
.250
.065
.083
.120
.188
.250
.313
.188
.250
.083
.120
.188
.250
.313
.375
.120
.188
.250
.313
.375
.120
.188
.250
.313
.4671
.6060
.7160
.8265
.93701.1761.640
1.0481.3171.844
1.158
.96691.2691.6002.252
1.741
1.8822.660
1.882
2.023
2.1643.0684.3205.410
3.476
1.711 2.164 3.068
2.446 3.476 4.960 6.260
2.153 2.728 3.884 5.590 7.110 8.450
6.870 8.810
3.293 4.700 6.870 8.81010.58012.170
5.516 8.15010.51012.70014.720
5.516 8.15010.51012.700
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WallGauge
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WallGauge
2-1/2” x 2”11
3” x 1”161411
3” x 1-1/2”14113/161/4
3” x 2”1614113/161/45/16
3-1/2” x 2-1/2”3/161/4
4” x 2”1411 3/161/45/163/8
4” x 3”11 3/161/45/163/8
5” x 2”11 3/161/45/16
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-30
Rectangular TubingMechanical & StructuralCarbon Steel
Available in Lengths 20 Ft., 24 Ft., 40 Ft. & 48 Ft.
5” x 2-1/2” 3/16
5” x 3” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
5” x 4” 3/16 1/4
6” x 2” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8
6” x 3” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
6” x 4” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
7” x 3” 3/16 1/4 3/8
7” x 4” 3/16 1/4 3/8
7” x 5” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
8” x 2” 3/16 1/4 3/8
8” x 3” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
.188
.120
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.120
.188
.250
.313
.375
.120
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.375
.188
.250
.375
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.375
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
8.780
6.460 9.42012.21014.83017.27021.630
10.70013.910
6.460 9.42012.21014.83017.270
7.31010.70013.91016.96019.82025.030
11.97015.62019.08022.37028.430
11.97015.62022.370
13.25017.32024.930
14.53019.02023.34027.48035.240
11.97015.62022.370
13.25017.32021.21024.93031.840
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WallGauge
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WallGauge
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-31
Rectangular TubingMechanical & StructuralCarbon Steel
Available in Lengths 20 Ft., 24 Ft., 40 Ft. & 48 Ft.
WallGauge
WallGauge
8” x 4” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
8” x 6” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
9” x 5” 3/8
9” x 7” 1/4 5/16
10” x 2” 3/16 1/4
10” x 3” 1/4
10” x 4” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
10” x 5” 1/4
10” x 6” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
10” x 8” 1/4 3/8 1/2
12” x 2” 3/16 1/4
12” x 3” 1/4
12” x 4” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
12” x 6” 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2
12” x 8” 1/4 3/8 1/2
14” x 4” 1/4
14” x 6” 3/8
14” x 10” 3/8
16” x 8” 3/8 1/2
WallDecimal
WallDecimal
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.375
.250
.313
.188
.250
.250
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.250
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.250
.375
.500
.188
.250
.250
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.250
.313
.375
.500
.250
.375
.500
.250
.375
.375
.375
.500
14.5319.0223.3427.4835.24
17.0822.4227.5932.5842.05
32.58
25.8231.84
14.5319.02
20.72
17.0822.4227.5932.5842.05
24.12
19.6325.8231.8437.6948.85
29.2342.7955.66
17.0822.42
24.12
19.6325.8231.8437.6948.85
29.2336.1042.7955.66
32.6347.9062.46
29.23
47.90
58.10
58.1076.07
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-32
PipeAvailable in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengthsNominal Pipe Size
Inches
WallThickness
Inches
1/8
1/4
3/8
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
OutsideDiameterInches
InsideDiameterInchesSchedule
WeightPerFoot
0.405
0.540
0.675
0.840
1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
.049
.068
.095
.065
.088
.119
.065
.091
.126
.065
.083
.109
.147
.188
.294
.065
.083
.113
.154
.219
.308
.065
.109
.133
.179
.250
.358
.065
.109
.140
.191
.250
.382
.065
.109
.145
.200
.281
.400
.307 .269 .215
.410 .364 .302
.545 .493 .423
.710 .674 .622 .546 .464 .252
.920 .884 .824 .742 .612 .434
1.1851.0971.049 .957 .815 .599
1.5301.4421.3801.2781.160 .896
1.7701.6821.6101.5001.3381.100
10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.
10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.
10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy. 160 XX Hvy. 5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.
.1863 .2447 .3145
.3297 .4248 .5351
.4235 .5676 .7388
.5383 .6710 .85101.08801.30901.7140
.6838 .85721.13101.47401.94402.4410
.86781.40401.67902.17202.84403.6590
1.10701.80602.27302.99703.76505.2140
1.27402.08502.71803.63104.85906.4080
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-33
PipeAvailable in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths
Nominal Pipe Size
Inches
WallThickness
Inches
2
2-1/2
3
3-1/2
4
5
OutsideDiameterInches
InsideDiameterInchesSchedule
WeightPerFoot
2.375
2.875
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.563
.065
.109
.154
.218
.343
.436
.083
.120
.203
.276
.375
.552
.083
.120
.216
.300
.438
.600
.083
.120
.226
.318
.636
.083
.120
.237
.337
.438
.531
.674
.109
.134
.258
.375
.500
.625
.750
2.2452.1572.0671.9391.6891.503
2.7092.6352.4692.3232.1251.771
3.3343.2603.0682.9002.6242.300
3.8343.7603.5483.3642.728
4.3344.2604.0263.8263.6243.4383.152
5.3455.2955.0474.8134.5634.3134.063
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy. 5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy. XX Hvy. 5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.120160 XX Hvy.
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy. 120 160 XX Hvy.
1.604 2.638 3.653 5.022 7.444 9.029
2.475 3.531 5.793 7.66110.01013.690
3.029 4.332 7.57610.25014.32018.580
3.472 4.973 9.10912.50022.850
3.915 5.61310.79014.98019.00022.51027.540
6.349 7.77014.62020.78027.04032.96038.550
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-34
Pipe
Available in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths
Nominal Pipe Size
Inches
WallThickness
Inches
6
8
10
12
OutsideDiameterInches
InsideDiameterInches
ScheduleWeight
PerFoot
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
.109
.134
.280
.432
.562
.718
.864
.109
.148
.250
.277
.322
.406
.500
.593
.718
.812
.875
.906
.134
.165
.250
.307
.365
.500
.593
.718
.8431.0001.125
.165
.180
.250
.330
.375
.406
.500
.562
.687
.8431.0001.1251.312
6.407 6.357 6.056 5.761 5.491 5.189 4.897
8.407 8.329 8.125 8.071 7.981 7.813 7.625 7.439 7.189 7.001 6.878 6.813
10.48210.42010.25010.13610.020 9.750 9.564 9.314 9.064 8.750 8.500
12.42012.39012.25012.09012.00011.93811.75011.62611.37611.06410.75010.50010.126
5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.120160 XX Hvy.
5 10 20 30 40 - Std. 60 80 - Ex. Hvy.100120140160 XX Hvy.
5 10 20 30 40 - Std. 60 - Ex. Hvy. 80 100120140160
5 10 20 30 Std. 40 Ex. Hvy. 60 80100120140160
7.585 9.289 18.97 28.57 36.39 45.30 53.16
9.914 13.40 22.36 24.70 28.55 35.64 43.39 50.87 60.93 67.76 72.42 74.69
15.19 18.70 28.04 34.24 40.48 54.74 64.33 76.93 89.20104.10115.70
22.18 24.20 33.38 43.77 49.56 53.53 65.42 73.16 88.51107.20125.50139.70160.30
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-35
PipeAvailable in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths
Nominal Pipe Size
Inches
WallThickness
Inches
14
16
18
OutsideDiameterInches
InsideDiameterInchesSchedule
WeightPerFoot
14.000
16.000
18.000
.250 .312 .375 .438 .500 .593 .750 .9371.0931.2501.406
.250 .312 .375 .500 .656 .8431.0311.2181.4381.593
.250 .312 .375 .438 .500 .562 .750 .9371.1561.3751.5621.781
13.50013.37613.25013.12413.00012.81412.50012.12611.81411.50011.188
15.50015.37615.25015.00014.68814.31413.93813.56413.12412.814
17.50017.37617.25017.12417.00016.87616.50016.12615.68815.25014.87614.438
10 20 30 - Std. 40 Ex. Hvy. 60 80100120140160
10 20 30 - Std. 40 - Ex. Hvy. 60 80100120140160
10 20 Std. 30 Ex. Hvy. 40 60 80100120140160
36.71 45.68 54.57 63.37 72.09 84.91106.10130.70150.70170.20189.10
42.05 52.36 62.58 82.77107.50136.50164.80192.30223.50245.10
47.39 59.03 70.59 82.06 93.45104.80138.20170.80208.00244.10274.20308.50
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-36
Pipe
Available in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths
Nominal Pipe Size
Inches
WallThickness
Inches
20
22
24
26
28
OutsideDiameterInches
InsideDiameterInchesSchedule
WeightPerFoot
20.000
22.000
24.000
26.000
28.000
.250 .375 .500 .593 .8121.0311.2811.5001.7501.968
.250 .375 .500 .8751.1251.3751.6251.8752.125
.250 .375 .500 .562 .687 .9681.2181.5311.8122.0622.343
.312
.375
.500
.312
.375
.500
.625
19.50019.25019.00018.81418.37617.93817.43817.00016.50016.064
21.50021.25021.00020.25019.75019.25018.75018.25017.750
23.50023.25023.00022.87622.62622.06421.56420.93820.37619.87619.314
25.37625.25025.000
27.37627.25027.00026.750
10 20 - Std. 30 - Ex. Hvy. 40 60 80100120140160
10 20 - Std. 30 - Ex. Hvy. 60 80100120140160
10 20 - Std. Ex. Hvy. 30 40 60 80100120140160
10Std. 20 - Ex. Hvy.
10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy. 30
52.73 78.60104.10122.90166.40208.90256.10296.40341.10379.00
58.07 86.61114.81197.41250.81302.88353.60403.00451.10
63.41 94.62125.50140.80171.20238.10296.40367.40429.40483.10541.90
85.60102.63136.17
92.26110.64146.85182.73
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-37
Pipe
Available in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths
Nominal Pipe Size
Inches
WallThickness
Inches
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
48
54
OutsideDiameterInches
InsideDiameterInchesSchedule
WeightPerFoot
30.000
32.000
34.000
36.000
38.000
40.000
42.000
48.000
54.000
.312
.375
.500
.625
.312
.375
.500
.625
.688
.344
.375
.500
.625
.688
.312
.375
.500
.625
.750
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
29.37629.25029.00028.750
31.37631.25031.00030.75030.625
33.31233.25033.00032.75032.624
35.37635.25035.00034.75034.500
37.25037.000
39.25039.000
41.25041.000
47.25047.000
53.25053.000
10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy.30
10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy3040
10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy3040
10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy3040
Std.Ex. Hvy.
Std.Ex. Hvy.
Std.Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
98.93118.65157.53196.08
105.59126.66168.21209.43230.08
123.65134.67178.89222.78244.77
118.92142.68189.57236.13282.35
150.69200.25
158.70210.93
166.71221.61
190.74253.65
215.06 285.69
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-38
Pipe
Available in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths
Nominal Pipe Size
Inches
WallThickness
Inches
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
108
120
144
OutsideDiameterInches
InsideDiameterInchesSchedule
WeightPerFoot
60.000
66.000
72.000
78.000
84.000
90.000
96.000
102.000
108.000
120.000
144.000
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
.375
.500
59.25059.000
65.25065.000
71.25071.000
77.25077.000
83.25083.000
89.25089.000
95.25095.000
101.25101.00
107.25107.00
119.25119.00
143.25143.00
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
Std. Ex. Hvy.
238.80317.73
262.83349.77
287.24381.81
311.30413.85
335.36445.89
359.42477.93
383.48509.97
407.54542.01
431.60574.05
479.72638.13
575.96766.29
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
E-39
Relift Tube - Hot Rolled Finish(Also known as Auger Tube, Blow Pipe and Spouting)
Available in 20 ft. lengths
O.D.IN.
I.D.IN.
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
Avg. Wall
Weight Per Foot
WallDecimal
11
11
14121110
1412103/6
12103/61/4
12103/161/4
12103/16
12103/16
.120
.120
.083
.109
.120
.134
.083
.109
.134
.188
.109
.134
.188
.250
.109
.134
.188
.250
.109
.134
.188
.109
.134
.188
3.760
4.760
5.8345.7825.7605.732
7.8347.7827.7327.624
9.782
9.6249.500
11.78211.73211.62411.500
13.78213.73213.624
15.78215.73215.624
4.973
6.254
5.245 6.858 7.536 8.395
7.018 9.18611.25715.685
11.51414.11919.70126.033
13.84316.98223.71731.373
16.17119.84427.732
18.49922.70631.748
Please inquire on sizes not listed. Other finishes are available, please inquire.
SECTION F
PVF Page
Pipe, Valves & Fittings F-2
Additional Data on Pipe - Aluminum H-27 Carbon Steel E-32 Stainless Steel G-21
F-1
F-2
Pipe, Valves and Fittings
PIPE VALVES FITTINGSSTEEL PIPE BRONZE FITTINGS•Black/GalvT&C•Welded/Seamless•Coated/Wrapped•AllSizes&Schedules•Cut,Thread,Groove
•Gate,Globe,Checks,Ball•Fortune,Stockham•Apollo,Sharpe,Crane
•150lb.MalleableIronFittings•300lb.MalleableIronFittings•150/300lmp.MalleableIron Fittings
STAINLESS STEEL CAST IRON FLANGED STEEL BUTT WELD FITTINGS & FLANGES
•304/316,P22•ExoticAlloys,Alloy20•Pipe,Tube,Shapes•SanitaryTube
•Stockham,Crane,Davis•ButterflyValves•ULPlugValves•Gate,Check,Ball
•Domestic&Import•AllSizes&Schedules•DoubleExtraHeavy
ALUMINUM STAINLESS STEEL STAINLESS STEEL•Pipe&Tube•AllSizes&Schedules
•Threaded,Flanged•Gates,Globes,Checks•Ball,Butterfly•NeedleValves
•Threaded,SocketWeld•ButtweldFittings&Flanges•CompressionFittings•Sanitary•HighPurity
INSTRUMENTATION STEEL VALVES FORGED STEEL•Stainless&Copper Tube•20’Lengths&Coils•PressureGauges•Thermometers
•Threaded,SW,Flanged,etc.•Gates,Globes&Check Valves•Ball&ButterflyValves•SealValves•SteamValves
•2000,3000,6000lb.•Threaded,SocketWeld•Flanges150-2,500lb.
STRAINERS GROOVED FITTING & VALVES•BronzeThreaded&Sweat•CastIronThreaded& Flanged•Steel&StainlessSteel
•Misc.Fittings&Valves
FASTENERS•Nut,Bolt&GasketKits•B7Studs
MISCELLANEOUS PIPE SUPPORTS HYDRONICS•Fiberglass•ArmatexInsulation•ReliefValves•NeedleValves
•Strut&StrutFittings•Hangers&AllThread•SanitaryHangers•Etc.
•WattsRegulator,Wilkins
SECTION G
Stainless Steel Page
Processing Services G-1
Introduction to Stainless Steel G-2
Structural Shapes -Angles G-7 -Channels G-8 -Beams G-8
Bars -Rounds G-9 -Hexagons G-10 -Squares G-10 -Half Rounds G-11 -Flats G-11
Floor Plates G-12
Plates G-13
Standard Surface Finishes G-14
Sheets G-16
Expanded Metal G-18
Tubing -Square G-19 -Rectangular G-19 -Round G-20
Pipe G-21
G-1
Stainless Processing Services Available
Coil Slitting & Cutting To LengthLaser Cutting
LevelingMiter Cutting
Plasma CuttingPunching
Rolling, Forming & BendingSaw Cutting To LengthShearing & Blanking
Water Jet Cutting
G-2
Product Introduction - Stainless Steel
The outstanding qualities of corrosion resistance, workability, strength, and attractiveness have made stainless steel one of the world’s most versatile materials.
Stainless steels are typically low carbon iron alloys to which approximately 12% chromium has been added. It is chromium which enables the stainless to resist corrosion. Increasing the chromium content of the alloy renders it more resistant to cor-rosive media. By adding elements, such as nickel, manganese, copper, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, columbium, aluminum, or sulfur to the composition, alloys can be produced to suit nearly any application.
All stainless steels, regardless of composition, can be conve-niently categorized into four basic categories:
1. Austenitic Stainless Steels - offer the best corrosion resis-tance of all classes due to the addition of nickel in their composi-tion. Austenitic types have high ductility, low yield strength, and moderate tensile strength. Non-magnetic and non-heat treat-able, their structure is very tough and ductile as annealed. They can only develop high strength by cold working. Typical alloys include:
Type 302
Type 303
This is a chromium-nickel stainless steel that is commonly known as 18-8. It has excellent cor-rosion resistance and is not affected by ordinary atmospheres when properly maintained by periodic cleaning. It has excellent ductility and is well suited for drawing and forming. It is readily welded by most modern methods and produces tough, ductile welds without the need for post-welding annealing or stress relieving, and is easily hot forged or cold upset.
This is the free machining version of Type 302/304 typically used in automatic machin-ing operations. The addition of sulfur assists in breaking up the chips which reduces the drag on the cutting tool, permitting greater machin-ing speed and producing smoother machined finishes. Type 303 has a machinability rating of 60% in comparison to Bessemer screw stock rated at 100%. This compares with about 45% for Type 302/304.
G-3
Type 304
Type 304L
Type 309
Type 310
Type 316
Generally more suitable than type 302 where slightly better corrosion resistance is required after welding. Type 304 is the most widely used of the stainless and heat resisting steels. It offers good corrosion resistance to many chemical cor-rodants as well as industrial atmospheres. Type 304 has very good formability and can be readily welded by all common methods.
Type 304L is generally more suitable than Type 304 where service conditions dictate a type requiring good corrosion resistance and anneal-ing is not feasible after welding thicker sections. Type 304L has .03% maximum carbon content, making it the low carbon variation of Type 304. The extra low carbon avoids harmful carbide precipitation due to welding. Type 304L has the same corrosion resistance as Type 304 but with slightly lower mechanical proper-ties.
Used in high temperature applications because of its high scale resistance. Type 309 has greater corrosion resistance than Type 304 and is excel-lent in resisting sulfite liquors, nitric acid, nitric-sulfuric mixtures, acetic, citric and lactic acids.
Higher alloy content gives Type 310 improved characteristics over Type 309. It retains good strength and toughness at high temperatures and may be used to an advantage where a combination of strength, toughness, and oxida-tion resistance is essential. Where reducing or carburizing conditions are encountered at high temperatures, Type 310 is preferred.
Has better resistance to pitting corrosion than the other chromium-nickel stainless steels where brines, sulphur-bearing or halogen salts, such as chlorides are present. A valuable property of Type 316 is high creep strength at elevated temperatures. Other mechanical properties and fabricating characteristics of Type 316 are similar to Type 302 or Type 304. This alloy is used for pumps, valves, textile and chemical equipment, pulp and paper and marine applications.
G-4
Type 316L
Type 321
Type 347
2. Martensitic Stainless Steels - are heat treatable to a wide range of hardness and strength levels. They attain optimum corrosion resistance in the hardened and tempered (not an-nealed) condition. Magnetic in all conditions, martensitic steels are not as corrosion resistant as other classes but are used for their strength as well as their resistance to wear and abrasion. Typical alloys include:
Type 410
Preferred over Type 316 where post-weld an-nealing is not practical and service conditions require a structure free from harmful carbides. Type 316L is the extra low carbon variation of Type 316 which avoids carbide precipitation due to welding.
Has titanium added to reduce or eliminate chro-mium carbide precipitation resulting from weld-ing or exposure to high temperatures. It is quite effective as a stabilizer although the over-all cor-rosion resistance is somewhat reduced. Type 321 is used in almost exclusively for aircraft parts such as exhaust systems, where operat-ing temperatures of 800 to 1600 degrees F. are encountered and where corrosive conditions are not too severe.
Similar on analysis to Type 321 except that Columbium is used as an addition instead of titanium. Columbium is an effective stabilizer and does not appreciable reduce the overall corrosion resistance as does titanium. Type 347 is desirable in equipment operating in the tem-perature range of 800 to 1600 degrees F. under severely corrosive conditions or where corrosion fatigue is likely to occur. Note that Columbium bearing stainless has a tendency to be sensitive in the hot short range which may cause check-ing or cracking at the weld area.
Most commonly called “12 chrome stainless”, Type 410 is the most widely used of the harden-able stainless steels and is the general purpose alloy of the martensitic class. Heat treated Type 410 has mechanical properties comparable to al-loy steels such as SAE 4130. Not recommended for applications where severe corrosive condi-tions are encountered but typical uses include
G-5
Type 416
Type 422
Type 440C
3. Ferritic Stainless Steels - are non-hardenable and normal-ly used for their increased corrosion resistance rather than tensile strength. Non heat treatable, though work hardenable to a moderate extent, this class is magnetic in all conditions. Fer-ritic stainless steels are capable of being buffed to a high luster resembling chromium plate. Typical alloys include:
Type 409
Type 430
valve and pump parts, fasteners, cutlery, turbine parts, and busing.
This is the free machining version of Type 410. It has useful corrosion resistance to natural food acids, basic salts, water and most atmospheres.
Designed for service temperatures up to 1200 degrees F. while maintaining a good combina-tion of high strength and toughness. It is typically used in steam turbines as blading and bolting material.
A high carbon (.95-1.20%) chromium steel that can attain the highest hardness (Rockwell C60) of any standard stainless grade. In the hardened and stress relieved condition, Type 440C has maximum hardness together with high strength and corrosion resistance. It also has high abra-sion resistance.
The lowest cost stainless and is extensively used in automotive exhaust systems. Because of its combination of economy and good re-sistance to oxidation and corrosion, Type 409 created the opportunity to economically improve the performance of a wide range of parts where surface appearance is not important.
The most popular of the non-hardenable chro-mium stainless steels. Type 430 combines good corrosion and heat resistance with good me-chanical properties. With oxidation resistance to 1500 degrees F., Type 430 is widely used in both industrial and consumer products.
G-6
4. Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels - have excellent strength and good corrosion resistance. They develop increased strength during heat treatment through precipitation hardening(or age-hardening) reactions rather than phase transformations such as occur in martensitic stainless steels. Typical alloys include:
Type 17-4
Type 17-4
Type 15-5
More extensive information on stainless steel can be found in the data section of this catalog.
Double-AgedH1150
This grade combines high strength and hard-ness with corrosion resistance similar to T-304 in most media. Simple low temperature heat treatment at 900 to 1150 degrees F. eliminates scaling and prevents excessive warpage.
This grade is solution annealed then double age hardened to procedure #1 in NACE MR 01-75. It is used in many pressure control applications in the energy industry.
This vacuum arc remelted grade offers high strength and hardness. Type 15-5 has excellent corrosion resistance plus excellent transverse toughness.
G-7
Stainless Steel AnglesTypes: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 330
20 Ft. Random LengthsHot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled
Size in Inches
Size in Inches
3/4 x 1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
3 x 3 x
3 x
4 x
4 x
5 x
5 x
6 x
6 x
6 x
3/4 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
3 x
3 x
4 x
3 x
5 x
3 x
4 x
6 x
1/8
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/43/8
3/161/43/8
1/4
3/161/4
3/161/45/163/8
1/43/8
1/43/81/2
1/43/8
3/8
1/43/8
1/43/8
3/8
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.59
.801.161.49
1.011.481.92
1.231.802.34
1.652.443.194.70
3.074.105.90
3.51
3.074.10
3.71 4.90 6.10 7.20
5.80 8.50
6.60 9.8012.80
6.60 9.85
12.30
7.4511.02
9.2112.30
14.90
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
G-8
Stainless Steel Welded ChannelsTypes: 304, 304L, 316, 316L
20 Ft. Random Lengths
Stainless Steel Welded BeamsTypes: 304, 304L, 316, 316L
20 Ft. Random Lengths
Size
Size
Size
2 x
2 x
3 x
3 x
4 x
3 x
4 x
6 x
5 x
6 x
6 x
8 x
1 x
1 x
1-1/2 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
2-3/8 x
2-3/4 x
4 x
2-1/2 x
3 x
3 x
4 x
3/16
1/4
3/16
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
3/8
3/8
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
1.920
2.570
3.630
4.900
6.500
7.250
9.150
13.600
8.330
10.000
14.500
19.700
Please inquire sizes not listed.
G-9
Stainless Steel RoundsTypes: 303, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 410, 416, 17-412 Ft. Random Lengths
CD=Cold Drawn CG=Centerless Ground HR= Hot Rolled and Rough Turned
Diameterin
Inches
Diameterin
Inches3/321/85/323/161/4
5/163/8
7/16
1/2
9/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
1 1-1/161-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-9/161-5/81-11/161-3/41-7/81-15/16
22-1/82-1/42-3/8
2-7/162-1/22-5/82-3/4
33-1/43-1/23-3/4
44-1/44-3/84-1/24-5/84-3/44-7/8
55-1/45-1/25-5/85-3/4
66-1/46-1/26-3/4
77-1/47-1/27-3/4
88-1/2
9
10
12
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
CDCDCDCDCDCGCDCDCGCDCGCDCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCG
CGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCG
CGCGCG CG
CGCGCGCG
CGCGCGCG
CGHRHRHRHRHRHR
HRHRHRHRHR
HRHRHRHR
HRHRHRHR
HRHR
HR
HR
HR
.0235 .0417 .0652 .0939 .1669 .1669 .2608 .3755 .3755 .5111 .5111 .6676 .6676 .8449 1.0430 1.2620 1.5020 1.7630 2.0450 2.3470
2.6700 3.0150 3.3800 3.7660 4.1720 4.6000 5.0490 5.5180 6.0080 6.5200 7.0510 7.6040 8.1780 9.388010.0200
10.680012.060013.520015.0600
15.87 16.69 18.40 20.20
24.03 28.21 32.71 37.55
42.73 48.23 51.11 54.08 57.12 60.25 63.46
66.76 73.60 80.77 84.49 88.29
96.13104.30112.80121.70
130.90140.40150.20160.40
170.90192.90
216.30
267.00
384.50
G-10
Stainless Steel HexagonsTypes: 303, 304, 316, 416, 17-4Annealed & Cold Drawn
12 Ft. Random Lengths
Stainless Steel SquaresTypes: 303, 304, 316, Cold Drawn
12 Ft. Random Lengths
Size
Size
Size
Size
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.046 .104 .184 .288 .348 .414 .564 .736 .9321.1501.3921.6561.9402.2542.588
.0531 .1195 .2125 .4781 .6510 .85001.07601.32801.91302.6030
2.945 3.324 3.727 4.152 4.601 5.073 5.570 6.090 6.625 7.190 7.780 9.020 9.67310.400
11.78014.91018.40026.500
3.400 4.303 5.313 6.428 7.65010.410
13.60021.25025.710
41.650
54.400
1/83/161/45/1611/323/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
1/83/161/43/87/161/29/165/83/47/8
11-1/161-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-9/161-5/81-3/41-13/161-7/8
22-1/42-1/23
11-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-3/4
22-1/22-3/4
3-1/2
4
G-11
Stainless Steel Half RoundsTypes: 304 Annealed & Cold Drawn
12 Ft. Random Lengths
Stainless Steel FlatsTypes: 304 & 316 Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled
12 Ft. Random Lengths
Size
Size Size
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.334
.522
.751
.106 .159 .213 .266 .319 .425 .531 .638 .744 .8501.0631.2751.700
.319 .478 .638 .797 .9561.1161.2751.5941.9132.550
.425 .638 .8501.0631.275
1.488 1.700 2.125 2.550 2.967 3.400 4.250 5.100
.638 .956 1.275 1.594 1.913 2.230 2.550 3.188 3.825 5.100 6.380 7.650
1.700 2.125 2.550 3.400 4.250 5.100 6.80010.200
1/25/83/4
1/8 x
3/16 x
1/4 x
1/4 x
3/8 x
1/2 x
1/43/81/25/83/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/234
1/23/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/234
1/23/411-1/41-1/2
1-3/422-1/233-1/2456
1/23/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/23456
11-1/41-1/222-1/2346
G-12
Stainless Steel FlatsTypes: 304 & 316 Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled
12 Ft. Random Lengths
Size Size WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
5.100 6.800 8.50010.20013.60017.00020.400
8.50010.63012.75017.000
10.20012.75015.30020.400
17.00020.40027.200
2.125 3.188 4.250 5.313 6.375 8.50010.63012.750
2.550 3.830 5.100 6.375 7.650 8.92510.20012.75015.300
5/8 x
3/4 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
11-1/222-1/23456
11-1/222-1/233-1/2456
1-1/222-1/23456
22-1/234
22-1/234
2-1/234
Stainless Steel Diamond Floor PlatesType: 304Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled
G-13
Stainless Steel PlatesTypes: 304, 304L, 316 and 316L Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled
Thickness & Width in Inches
Thickness & Width in Inches
WeightPer Sq. Ft.
WeightPer Sq. Ft.
42.6742.6742.67
47.83
53.0053.00
63.3463.34
73.6773.67
84.01
94.78
105.10
126.30
136.60
147.00
157.30
167.60
8.5798.5798.5798.579
11.1611.1611.1611.16
13.7513.7513.75
16.5016.5016.5016.50
21.6621.6621.6621.66
26.8326.83
32.1232.1232.12
37.29
48607296
48607296
486096
48607296
48607296
7296
487296
96
3/16 x
1/4 x
5/16 x
3/8 x
1/2 x
5/8 x
3/4 x
7/8 x
1 x
1-1/8 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
1-3/4 x
2 x
2-1/4 x
2-1/2 x
3 x
3-1/4 x
3-1/2 x
3-3/4 x
4 x
487296
96
7296
7296
7296
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
G-14
STANDARD FINISHES OF STAINLESS STEEL FLAT-ROLLED PRODUCTS
Surface finishes on stainless steel sheets, strip, tubing and plates are generally selected for appearance, although degree and extent of form-ing and welding should be taken into consideration. Where forming is severe, or much welding is done, it is often more economical to use a cold rolled finish and then polish.
Unpolished Finishes
No. 1 Finish. Hot rolled, annealed and descaled. Generally used in industrial applications, such as for heat or corrosion resistance, where smoothness of finish is not of particular importance.
No. 2D Finish. A dull cold rolled finish produced by cold rolling, an-nealing, and descaling. The dull finish may result from the descaling or pickling operation or may be developed by a final light cold roll pass on dull rolls. The dull finish is favorable for the retention of lubricants on the surface in deep drawing operations. This finish is generally used in forming deep drawn articles which maybe polished after fabrication.
No. 2B Finish. A bright cold rolled finish commonly produced in the same manner as No. 2D, except that the annealed and descaled sheet receives a final light cold rolled pass on polished rolls. This is a general purpose cold rolled finish. It is commonly used for all but exceptionally difficult deep drawing applications. This finish is more readily polished than No. 1 or No. 2D Finish.
Polished Finishes
Sheets can be produced with one or two sides polished. When polished on one side only, the other side may be rough ground in order to obtain the necessary flatness.
No. 3 Finish is a polished finish obtained with abrasives approximately 100 mesh, and which may or may not be additionally polished during fabrication.
No. 4 Finish is a general purpose polished finish widely used for restaurant equipment, kitchen equipment, store fronts, dairy equipment, etc. Following initial grinding with coarser abrasives, sheets are gener-ally finished last with abrasives approximately 120 to 150 mesh.
No. 6 Finish is a dull satin finish having lower reflectivity than No. 4 Finish. It is produced by Tampico brushing No. 4 Finish sheets in a medium of abrasive and oil. It is used for architectural applications and ornamentation where a high luster is undesirable; it is also used effec-tively to contrast with brighter finishes.
G-15
No. 7 Finish has a high degree of reflectivity. It is produced by buffing a finely ground surface, but the grit lines are not removed. It is chiefly used for architectural and ornamental purposes.
No. 8 Finish is the most reflective finish that is commonly produced. It is obtained by polishing with successively finer abrasives and buffing extensively with very fine buffing rouges. The surface is essentially free of grit lines from preliminary grinding operations. This finish is most widely used for press plates, as well as for small mirrors and reflectors.
G-16
Stainless Steel SheetsTypes: 304, 304L, 316 and 316L Available Mill Finish or PolishedCold Rolled, Annealed & Pickled
SizeGauge Thickness WeightPer Sq. Ft.
WeightPer Sheet
7.8717.8717.8717.871
5.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.670
5.0405.0405.0405.0405.0405.0405.0405.0405.040
4.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.427
3.1543.1543.1543.1543.1543.1543.1543.154
251.87314.84377.81393.55
136.08170.10204.12181.44226.80272.16226.80283.50340.20408.24
120.96151.20161.28201.60241.92201.60252.00302.40362.88
106.25132.81159.37141.66177.08212.50177.08221.35265.62318.74
75.70 94.62113.54100.93126.16151.39126.16157.70
.1874
.1874
.1874
.1874
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1200
.1200
.1200
.1200
.1200
.1200
.1200
.1200
.1200
.1054
.1054
.1054
.1054
.1054
.1054
.1054
.1054
.1054
.1054
.0751
.0751
.0751
.0751
.0751
.0751
.0751
.0751
48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 120
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 12060 x 14472 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12048 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 12060 x 14472 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 12060 x 14472 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 120
7
10
11
12
14
Most Common Sizes Available
G-17
Stainless Steel SheetsTypes: 304, 304L, 316 and 316L Available Mill Finish or PolishedCold Rolled, Annealed & Pickled
SizeGauge Thickness WeightPer Sq. Ft.
WeightPer Sheet
3.1543.154
2.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.499
2.0162.0162.0162.0162.0162.0162.0162.016
1.4911.4911.4911.4911.4911.4911.4911.491
1.2311.2311.2311.2311.231
.987 .987 .987 .987
189.24227.09
59.98 74.97 89.96 79.97 99.96119.95 99.96124.95149.94179.93
48.38 60.48 72.58 64.51 80.64 96.77100.80120.96
35.78 44.73 53.68 47.71 59.64 71.57 74.55 89.46
29.54 36.93 39.39 49.24 59.09
23.69 29.61 31.58 39.48
.0751
.0751
.0595
.0595
.0595
.0595
.0595
.0595
.0595
.0595
.0595
.0595
.0480
.0480
.0480
.0480
.0480
.0480
.0480
.0480
.0355
.0355
.0355
.0355
.0355
.0355
.0355
.0355
.0293
.0293
.0293
.0293
.0293
.0235
.0235
.0235
.0235
60 x 14472 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 12060 x 14472 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 12060 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 12060 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12048 x 9648 x 12048 x 144
36 x 9636 x 12048 x 9648 x 120
14
16
18
20
22
24
Most Common Sizes Available
G-18
Stainless Steel SheetsTypes: 304, 304L, 316 and 316L Available Mill Finish or PolishedCold Rolled, Annealed & Pickled Most Common Sizes Available
Stainless Expanded MetalTypes: 304Standard & Flattened Long way of diamond runs parallel to length of sheet.
Sizein Inches
Sizein
Inches
Gauge
StyleDesignation
Thickness in Inches
WeightPer Sq. Ft.(Estimated)
WeightPer
Sq. Ft.
WeightPer Sheet(Estimated)
Sizein
Inches
StyleDesignation
WeightPer
Sq. Ft.
.7476
.7476
.7476
.7476
.6342
17.9422.4323.9229.90
19.03
.0178
.0178
.0178
.0178
.0151
1.47 .86 .701.80 .80
131618 913
1618 91316
.54 .461.20 .60 .40
36 x 9636 x 12048 x 9648 x 120
36 x 120
48 x 9648 x 9648 x 9648 x 9648 x 96
48 x 9648 x 9648 x 9648 x 9648 x 96
26
28
1/2 -1/2 -1/2 -3/4 -3/4 -
3/4 -3/4 -1-1/2 -1-1/2 -1-1/2 -
G-19
Stainless Square & Rectangular TubingType: 304 Available Mill Finish, 180, 240, 320 & 400 Grit Polished17-24 Foot Random Lengths
WallO.D.Weight
perFoot
WallO.D.Weight
perFoot
.650 .810 .9501.130
.634 .8301.0301.3201.450
1.0801.3701.7601.930
1.2701.6102.0802.2603.630
1.6902.1402.8003.0604.4606.010
.99
1.37
1.271.612.26
1.692.14
1.69
5.68
3.88 5.68
4.97 6.90 9.35
9.27
11.9016.35
2.72 3.88 5.68 7.67
3.29 4.53 4.97 6.90 9.35
6.26 9.2712.68
16.35
18.77
.062
.083
.109
.120
.049
.062
.083
.109
.120
.062
.083
.109
.120
.062
.083
.109
.120
.180
.062
.083
.109
.120
.180
.250
.062
.083
.062
.083
.120
.062
.083
.062
.180
.120
.180
.120
.180
.250
.180
.180
.250
.083
.120
.180
.250
.083
.109
.120
.180
.250
.120
.180
.250
.250
.250
.750 x .750
1.000 x 1.000
1.250 x 1.250
1.500 x 1.500
2.000 x 2.000
SQUARE
.750 x 1.500
1.000 x 1.500
1.000 x 2.000
1.000 x 3.000
1.500 x 2.500
1.500 x 3.500
2.000 x 3.000
2.000 x 4.000
2.000 X 6.000
4.000 X 6.000
2.500 x 2.500
3.000 x 3.000
4.000 x 4.000
5.000 x 5.000
6.000 x 6.000
RECTANGULAR
Please inquire on sizes not listed.
G-20
Stainless Round TubingType: 304 Available Mill Finish, 180, 240, 320 & 400 Grit Polished17-24 Foot Random Lengths
Wall I.D.O.D.Weight
perFoot
Wall I.D.O.D.Weight
perFoot
.118
.194
.180
.152
.120
.243
.215
.183
.319
.305
.277
.245
.430
.402
.370
.555
.527
.495
.435
.407
.680
.652
.620
.584
.560
.510
.805
.777
.745
.635
.930
.902
.870
.834
.810
.760
.995
1.1521.1201.0841.010
1.3051.135
1.4021.3701.3341.260
1.6201.584
1.7451.635
1.9021.8701.8341.7601.6251.500
1.9951.959
2.1202.0842.0101.8741.750
2.3702.3342.2602.1252.000
.057
.066 .080 .105 .128
.104 .138 .172
.104 .127 .171 .215
.174 .236 .302
.221 .301 .389 .538 .601
.267 .367 .476 .591 .665 .807
.314 .432 .562 .968
.361 .498 .649 .813 .9181.128
.736
.629 .8231.0341.448
.5011.608
.759 .9961.2561.769
1.1701.478
1.2572.250
1.0211.3431.6992.4093.6384.673
1.4301.810
1.5171.9212.7304.1405.340
1.6902.1433.0504.6866.064
.035
.028
.035
.049
.065
.035
.049
.065
.028
.035
.049
.065
.035
.049
.065
.035
.049
.065
.095
.109
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.120
.035
.049
.065
.120
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.120
.065
.049
.065
.083
.120
.035
.120
.049
.065
.083
.120
.065
.083
.065
.120
.049
.065
.083
.120
.188
.250
.065
.083
.065
.083
.120
.188
.250
.065
.083
.120
.188
.250
.188
.250
.313
.375
.500
.625
.750
.875
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.500
1.750
1.875
2.000
2.125
2.250
2.500
G-21
Stainless Round TubingType: 304 Available Mill Finish, 180, 240, 320 & 400 Grit Polished17-24 Foot Random Lengths
Stainless PipeType: 304, 304L. 316 and 316LCold Finished, Annealed & Pickled17-24 Foot Random Lengths
WallIn
Inches
I.D.in
Inches.
O.D.in
Inches
WeightperFoot
O.D.In
Inches
I.D.in
Inches
WeightperFoot
NominalPipe
Wall Thickness
Wallin
Inches
I.D.in
Inches
O.D.in
Inches
Weightper
Foot
2.8702.8342.7602.6242.500
3.1203.010
3.3703.260
3.8703.8343.760
1.010
4.3704.3344.260
4.510
4.8704.8344.760
5.8705.8345.760
7.760
2.0372.5863.6915.6467.343
2.2104.011
2.3854.332
2.7323.4724.973
5.293
3.070 3.915 5.613
5.930
3.426 4.359 6.254
4.120 5.245 7.536
10.099
.065
.083
.120
.188
.250
.065
.120
.065
.120
.065
.083
.120
.120
.540 .690 .8801.1201.2741.6203.060
1.4202.1002.6604.3704.9735.6707.840
1/23/411-1/41-1/223
11-1/2233-1/245
.8401.0501.3151.6601.9002.3753.500
1.3151.9002.3753.5004.0004.5005.563
.710 .9201.1851.5301.7702.2453.334
1.0971.6822.1573.2603.7604.2605.295
.065
.065
.065
.065
.065
.065
.083
.109
.109
.109
.120
.120
.120
.134
.065
.083
.120
.120
.065
.083
.120
.065
.083
.120
.120
3.000
3.250
3.500
4.000
4.250
4.500
4.750
5.000
6.000
8.000
SCHEDULE 5
SCHEDULE 10
G-22
Stainless PipeType: 304, 304L. 316 and 316LCold Finished, Annealed & Pickled17-24 Foot Random Lengths
O.D.In
Inches
I.D.in
Inches
Weightper Foot
NominalPipe
Wall Thickness
9.38013.40018.65024.160
.245 .425 .568 .851 1.131 1.679 2.273 2.718 3.653 5.793 7.576 9.10910.89014.75019.15028.82040.86050.030
.320 .540 .750 1.100 1.490 2.190 3.030 3.670 5.070 7.66010.25012.50014.89020.78028.57043.390
681012
1/81/43/81/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/233-1/245681012
1/81/43/81/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/233-1/24568
6.625 8.62510.75012.750
.405 .540 .675 .840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.62510.75012.750
.405 .540 .675 .8401.0501.3151.6601.9002.3752.8753.5004.0004.5005.5636.6258.625
6.357 8.32910.42012.390
.269 .364 .493 .622 .824 1.049 1.380 1.610 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.548 4.026 5.047 6.065 7.98110.02012.000
.215 .302 .423 .546 .742 .9571.2781.5001.9392.3232.9003.3643.8264.8135.7617.625
.134
.148
.165
.180
.068
.088
.091
.109
.113
.133
.140
.145
.154
.203
.216
.226
.237
.258
.280
.322
.365
.375
.095
.119
.126
.147
.154
.179
.191
.200
.218
.276
.300
.318
.337
.375
.432
.500
SCHEDULE 80
SCHEDULE 10
SCHEDULE 40
SECTION H
Aluminum Page
Processing Services H-1
Introduction to Aluminum H-2
Structural Shapes -Angles H-9 -Channels H-10 -Beams H-12 -Tees H-13
Bars -Rounds H-14 -Hexagons H-15 -Squares H-15 -Flats H-16
Plates H-18
Diamond Tread Plates H-20
Sheets H-21
Tubing -Round H-24 -Square H-26 -Rectangular H-26 Pipe H-27
H-1
Aluminum Processing Services Available
Coil Slitting & Cutting To LengthLeveling
Miter CuttingPlasma Cutting
PunchingRolling, Forming, Bending
Shearing & BlankingSaw Cutting To Length
Water Jet Cutting
H-2
Product Introduction - Aluminum Alloys
In high-purity form aluminum is soft and ductile. Most commer-cial uses, however, require greater strength than pure aluminum affords. This is achieved first by the addition of other elements to produce various alloys, which singly or in combination impart strength to the metal. Further strengthening is possible by means which classify the alloys roughly into two categories, non-heat-treatable and heat-treatable.
Non-heat-treatable alloys - The initial strength of alloys in this group depends upon the hardening effect of elements such as manganese, silicon, iron and magnesium, singly or in various combinations. The non-heat-treatable alloys are usually desig-nated, therefore, in the 1000, 3000, 4000, or 5000 series. Since these alloys are work-hardenable, further strengthening is made possible by various degrees of cold working, denoted by the “H” series of tempers. Alloys containing appreciable amounts of magnesium when supplied in strain-hardened tempers are usu-ally given a final elevated-temperature treatment called stabiliz-ing to insure stability of properties.
Heat-treatable alloys - The initial strength of alloys in this group is enhanced by the addition of alloying elements such as copper, magnesium, zinc, and silicon. Since these elements singly or in various combinations show increasing solid solubility in aluminum with increasing temperature, it is possible to sub-ject them to thermal treatments which will impart pronounced strengthening.
The first step, called heat treatment or solution heat treatment, is an elevated-temperature process designed to put the soluble element or elements in solid solution. This is followed by rapid quenching, usually in water, which momentarily “freezes” the structure and for a short time renders the alloy very workable. It is at this stage that some fabricators retain this more workable structure by storing the alloys at below freezing temperatures until they are ready to form them. At room or elevated tempera-tures the alloys are not stable after quenching, however, and precipitation of the constituents from the super-saturated solu-tion begins. After a period of several days at room temperature, termed aging or room-temperature precipitation, the alloy is considerable stronger. Many alloys approach a stable condition at room temperature, but some alloys, particularly those con-taining magnesium and silicon or magnesium and zinc, continue to age-harden for long periods of time at room temperature.
H-3
By heating for a controlled time at slightly elevated tempera-tures, even further strengthening is possible and properties are stabilized. This process is called artificial aging or precipitation hardening. By the proper combination of solution heat treat-ment, quenching, cold working and artificial aging, the highest strengths are obtained.
Clad Alloys - The heat-treatable alloys in which copper and zinc are major alloying constituents, are less resistant to corrosive attack than the majority of non-heat-treatable alloys. To increase the corrosion resistance of these alloys in sheet and plate form they are often clad with high-purity aluminum, a low magnesium-silicon alloy, or an alloy containing 1 per cent zinc. The cladding, usually from 2 1/2 to 5 per cent of the total thickness on each side, not only protects the composite due to its own inherently excellent corrosion resistance, but also exerts a galvanic effect which further protects the core material.
Special composites may be obtained such as clad non-heat-treatable alloys for extra corrosion protection, for brazing pur-poses, or for special surface finishes. Some alloys in wire and tubular form are clad for similar reasons and on an experimental basis extrusions also have been clad.
Annealing Characteristics - All wrought aluminum alloys are available in annealed form. In addition, it may be desirable to anneal an alloy from any other initial temper, after working, or between successive stages of working such as in deep drawing.
Effect of Alloying Elements
1000 Series - Aluminum of 99 percent or higher purity has many applications, especially in the electrical and chemical fields. These alloys are characterized by excellent corrosion resis-tance, high thermal and electrical conductivity, low mechanical properties and excellent workability. Moderate increases in strength may be obtained by strain-hardening. Iron and silicon are the major impurities.
2000 Series - Copper is the principal alloying element in this group. These alloys require solution heat-treatment to obtain optimum properties; in the heat treated condition mechanical properties are similar to, and sometimes exceed, those of mild steel. In some instances artificial aging is employed to further increase the mechanical properties. This treatment materially effects yield strength, with attendant loss in elongation; its effect on tensile (ultimate) strength, is not great.
H-4
The alloys in the 2000 series do not have as good corrosion resistance as most other aluminum alloys and under certain conditions they may be subject to intergranular corrosion. There-fore, these alloys in the form of sheet are usually clad with a high-purity alloy or a magnesium-silicon alloy of the 6000 series which provides galvanic protection to the core material and thus greatly increases resistance to corrosion. Alloy 2024 is perhaps the best known and most widely used aircraft alloy.
3000 Series - Manganese is the major alloying element of this group, which is generally non-heat-treatable. Because only a limited percentage of manganese, up to about 1.5 percent, can be effectively added to aluminum, it is used as a major element in only a few instances. One of these, however, is the popu-lar 3003, which is widely used as a general-purpose alloy for moderate-strength applications requiring good workability.
4000 Series - Major alloying element of this group is silicon, which can be added in sufficient quantities to cause substantial lowering of the melting point without producing brittleness in the resulting alloys. For these reasons aluminum-silicon alloys are used in welding wire and as brazing alloys where a lower melt-ing point than that of the parent metal is required. Most alloys in this series are non-heat-treatable, but when used in weld-ing heat-treatable alloys they will pick up some of the alloying constituents of the latter and so respond to heat treatment to a limited extent. The alloys containing appreciable amounts of sili-con become dark gray when anodic oxide finishes are applied, and hence are in demand for architectural applications.
5000 Series - Magnesium is one of the most effective and widely used alloying elements for aluminum. When it is used as the major alloying element or with manganese, the result is a moderate to high strength non-heat-treatable alloy. Magnesium is considerably more effective than manganese as a hardener, about 0.8 percent magnesium being equal to 1.25 percent man-ganese, and it can be added in considerably higher quantities. Alloys in this series possess good welding characteristics and good resistance to corrosion in marine atmosphere. However, certain limitations should be placed on the amount of cold work and the safe operating temperatures permissible for the higher magnesium content alloys (over about 3 1/2 percent for opera-tive temperatures above about 150 F (66 C) to avoid susceptibil-ity to stress corrosion.)
H-5
6000 Series - Alloys in this group contain silicon and magne-sium in approximate proportions to form magnesium silicide, thus making them heat-treatable. Major alloy in this series is 6061, one of the most versatile of the heat-treatable alloys. Though less strong than most of the 2000 or 7000 alloys, the magnesium-silicon (or magnesium-silicide) alloys possess good formability and corrosion resistance, with medium strength. Al-loys in this heat-treatable group may be formed in the T4 temper (solution heat-treated but not artificially aged) and then reach full T6 properties by artificial aging.
7000 Series - Zinc is the major alloying element in this group, and when coupled with a smaller percentage of magnesium re-sults in heat-treatable alloys of very high strength. Usually other elements such as copper and chromium are also added in small quantities. An outstanding member of this group is 7075, which is among the highest strength alloys available and is used in air-frame structures and for highly stressed parts.
Chemical equipment, heat exchanger fins, sheet metal work, dials and mane plates, cooking utensils, decorative parts, giftware, rivets and reflectors.Ductwork, cooking uten-sils, eyelet stock, ice cube trays, garage doors, awning slats, refrigerator panels, gas lines, gasoline tanks, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, chemical equip-ment, drawn and spun parts, general sheet metal work.
Useful where excessive finishing costs are encoun-tered in the use of 3003 alloys due to surface rough-ness upon drawing.
Kitchen cabinets, small boats, home freezers, milk crates, bus and truck bodies, refrigerator trays, aircraft tube, fencing, fan blades, shoe eyelets. Sheet metal parts, home appliances, tank cars and trailers, shipping drums, instrument cabinets.
Welded structures (high strength), pressure vessels, storage tanks, truck and marine applications.
Ship yard plate, tanks, structural and marine applications.
Excellent forming qualities, resistance of corrosion, weldability, electrical con-ductivity.
Similar characteristics to 1100 but with slightly higher strength, good workability, low wearing when deep drawn, weldability, resis-tance to corrosion. ASME unfired Pressure Vessel Code Approved.
Similar characteristics to 3003, but with finer grain structure. Good finishing characteristics. Best alloy for anodizing.
Excellent resistance to cor-rosion, especially marine environment; good work-ability, higher strength than 1100 or 3003. Good finishing characteristics. 5052-H112 Plate: ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code Approved.
High strength, high resis-tance to corrosion, suitable for being welded.
Higher strength than 5052 with similar characteristics. Excellent resistance to corrosion in marine envi-ronment. Good workability, weldability.
1100
3003
5005
5052
5083
5086
H-6
Non-Heat Treatable (Common) Alloys
H-7
Heat Treatable (Strong) Alloys2011
2017
2024
2024Alclad
6061
6063
6262
7075Alclad
7075
Good machinability, unexcelled for free-cutting qualities, good mechanical properties.
Relatively high strength, com-bined with fair workability and good machinability.
A high-strength material of adequate workability. Has largely superseded 2017 for structural applications. Use of 2024-0 is not recommended unless subse-quently heat-treated.
Combines high strength of 2024 with excellent resistance to cor-rosion in T3 and T4 temper. Its appearance is good.
Combines relatively high strength, good workability and high resistance to corrosion; widely available. ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code Approved.
High resistance to corrosion.
Good machinability with high strength, corrosion resistance and finishing characteristics are better then 2011, 2017, 2024 and equal to 6061.
Very high strength, excellent resistance to corrosion in the T6 temper. Used for highly stressed structural parts. The 0 temper combines formability with high strength after heat treating.
Very high strength material used for highly stressed structural ap-plications where maximum corro-sion resistance of Alclad 7075 is not required.
Screw-machine products, ma-chine parts, atomizer and hose parts, pipe stems, cigarette hold-ers, tube fittings.Screw-machine products, tube fit-tings, pulleys, gauges, coat hang-ers, crochet and knitting needles.
Aircraft parts, truck wheels, caul plates, piano hinges, luggage, scientific instruments, ski poles, fastening devices, veterinary and orthopedic braces and equipment, structures, rivets.
Aircraft frames and skins, railroad car roofs and sides, truck bodies, caul plates, washers.
Sailboats, canoes, truck and bus bodies, scaffolding, transmis-sion towers, mine skips, furniture chemical equipment, marine equipment, fire ladders, moldings, pipe, tankage, tank fittings, gen-eral structural and high pressure applications, paper and textile rolls, wire products, hardware.
Irrigation pipe, awning supports, windows, storefronts, architectural trim, storm sash, thresholds, stair rails, lighting standards.Screw-machine products, fittings, couplings, camera parts, nuts.
Aircraft, skiis. Used where higher strengths than Alclad 2024 are required.
Keys. Aerospace application not requiring maximum corrosion resistance of Alclad 7075.
H-8
DESIGNATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYSMAJOR ALLOY GROUPSAluminum employs a four-digit system. The first digit indicates the alloy group. The last two digits identify the alloy or, in the instance of the 1000 series, the purity. The second digit indicates a modification of the alloy. The alloy groups are these:1XXX Aluminum - 99% and greater2XXX Copper - Major alloying element3XXX Manganese - Major alloying element4XXX Silicon - Major alloying element
6XXX Magnesium & Silicon - Major alloying elements7XXX Zinc - Major alloying element8XXX Other elements9XXX Unused to date
TEMPER SYSTEMSThe temper designation follows and is separated from the alloy designation by a dash. i.e. 3003-H14 or 6061-T6. It indicates mechanical or thermal treatment. Additional digits to the right indicate varia-tions in basic treatment.Basic Tempers -F As fabricated. No special control over thermal conditions or strain hardening. No mechanical property limits. -O Annealed. Applies to wrought products which are annealed to obtain the lowest strength temper. -H Strain-hardened (cold worked). Applies to products which have their strength increased by strain-hardening with or without supplementary thermal treatments to produce some reduction in strength. The H is always followed by two or more digits. -W Solution heat-treated. An unstable temper applicable only to alloys which spontaneously age at room temperature after solution heat treatment. -T Thermally treated to produce stable tempers other than O or H. Applies to products which are thermally treated with or without supplementary strain-hardening, to produce stable tempers. The T is always followed by one or more digits.
Non-Heat Treatable Alloy Tempers 1000, 3000 and 5000 Series
-O -H1-H2
-H3
-H111
-H112
-H116
Annealed and recrystallized.Work or strain hardened.Strain hardened and partially annealed. Strain hardened, then stabilized.A digit to the right of -H1, -H2 or -H3 above indicate the degree of hardness: 1 is the least degree of strain- hardness 2 is 1/4 hard 4 is 1/2 hard 6 is 3/4 hard 8 is full hardStrain-hardened less than required for controlled H11 temper.Equivalent to F temper except that mechanical property limits have been set or mechanical listing is required.Work or strain hardened and when tested by the user is required to pass the exfoliation corrosion resistance test (asset method.)
Heat Treatable Alloy Tempers 2000, 6000 and 7000 Series
Annealed and recrystallized. (Solution Annealed).Naturally aged only (certain extrusions).Solution heat treated, then cold worked and naturally aged. Solution heat treated, then naturally aged.Solution heat treated by the user, and then naturally aged.Artificially aged only (certain extrusions).Solution heat treated, then artificially aged.Solution heat treated by the user, then artificially aged.Solution heat treated, cold worked, then artificially aged.Solution heat treated, artificially aged, then cold worked.Solution heat treated and cold worked (stress re-lieved by stretching to produce a permanent set of 1 1/2 to 3%), minor straightening after stretching.Solution heat treated (stress-relieved by stretching to produce a permanent set of 1 to 3%), minor straightening after stretching.Solution heat treated (stress-relieved by stretching to produce a permanent set of 1 to 3%), with no further straightening.Solution heat treated (stress-relieved by stretching to produce a permanent set of 1 1/2 to 3%) and artificially aged, minor straightening after stretching.
-O -T1 -T3
-T4-T42
-T5 -T6-T62 -T8
-T9
-T3511
-T4511
-T651
-T6511
For more information on aluminum refer to the data section of this catalog.
H-9
Aluminum AnglesExtruded-American Standard6061-T6Available in Lengths 25 Ft.
3/4 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
1-3/4 x
2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
2-1/2 x
3/4 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
1-3/4 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
1/8
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/4
1/83/161/45/163/8
3/161/4
3/161/45/163/8
Size in Inches Size in InchesWt. PerFoot
Wt. PerFoot
.201
.275 .400 .514
.343 .510 .656
.423 .619 .809
.497 .731 .956
.496 .731 .956
.577 .8501.1101.3641.606
.9611.257
1.0701.4041.7292.047
1.071 1.403 2.046
1.275 1.684 2.082 2.474 3.227
1.684
1.989 2.926 3.826
1.988 2.926
2.283 3.366 4.414
2.292 3.349
4.704
4.237 5.578
4.237 5.578
5.119 6.754
9.14113.478
3/161/43/8
3/161/45/163/81/2
1/4
1/43/81/2
1/43/8
1/43/81/2
1/43/8
1/2
3/81/2
3/81/2
3/81/2
1/23/4
2 x
3 x
2-1/2 x
3-1/2 x
3 x
4 x
3 x
3-1/2 x 5 x
4 x
6 x
8 x
3 x
3 x
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x
4 x
4 x
5 x
5 x
5 x
6 x
6 x
8 x
H-10
Aluminum AnglesExtruded - Sharp Corner6063-T52Stock Lengths: 16 Ft.
Aluminum ChannelsExtruded - American Standard6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.
1/2 x
3/4 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
1-1/2 x
3 x3 x3 x
4 x4 x4 x
5 x5 x
6 x6 x6 x6 x
8 x8 x
10 x10 x
12 x12 x
1/2 x
3/4 x
1/2 x
3/4 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
3/4 x
1 x
.170
.258
.356
.180
.247
.320
.190
.325
.472
.200
.225
.314
.438
.250
.303
.240
.379
.300
.387
1/16 1/8
1/16 1/8
1/8
1/8
1/161/83/16
1/83/16
1/8
1/8
Size in Inches Size in InchesApprox.Wt. Per
Foot
Web Depth &
Thicknessin Inches
Web Depth &
Thicknessin Inches
Flange Width
in Inches
Flange Width
in Inches
Approx.Weight
perFoot
Approx.Weight
perFoot
Approx.Wt. Per
Foot.068.128
.107
.202
.202
.239
.141
.275
.400
.348
.511
.313
.349
1.411.501.60
1.581.651.72
1.751.892.03
1.921.952.032.16
2.292.34
2.602.74
2.963.05
1.421.732.07
1.852.162.50
2.323.113.98
2.833.003.634.51
4.254.75
5.286.92
7.418.64
.422 .619 .808
.496
.422
.731
.569 .8411.102
.577
.724
.731
1.2751.684
1/83/161/4
1/8
1/8
3/16
1/83/161/4
1/8
1/8
1/8
3/161/4
1-1/2 x
1-3/4 x
1 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
1-1/2 x
2-1/2 x
2 x
3 x
1-1/2 x
1-3/4 x
2 x
2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x
3 x
3 x
H-11
Aluminum ChannelsExtruded - Aluminum Association6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.
2 x2 x
3 x3 x
4 x4 x
5 x5 x
6 x6 x
7 x7 x
8 x8 x
9 x9 x
10 x10 x
12 x12 x
.130
.170
.130
.170
.150
.190
.150
.190
.170
.210
.170
.210
.190
.250
.230
.290
.250
.310
.290
.350
Web Depth &
Thicknessin Inches
Flange Width in Inches
Flange Thicknessin Inches
Approx.Weight
per Foot
1.001.25
1.501.75
2.002.25
2.252.75
2.503.25
2.753.50
3.003.75
3.254.00
3.504.25
4.005.00
.13
.26
.20
.26
.23
.29
.26
.32
.29
.35
.29
.38
.35
.41
.35
.44
.41
.50
.47
.62
.577 1.070
1.140 1.600
1.740 2.330
2.210 3.090
2.830 4.030
3.210 4.720
4.150 5.790
4.980 6.970
6.140 8.360
8.27011.820
H-12
Aluminum ChannelsExtruded - Sharp Corner6063-T52Stock Lengths: 16 Ft.
Aluminum Beams (I-Beams)Extruded - American Standard6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.
Size Size
Flange Width in Inches
Flange Thicknessin Inches
Approx.Weight
per Foot
Approx.Weight
per Foot
Approx.Weight
per Foot
.147
.145
.258
.239
.183
.294
.258
.405
.294
.516
.330
.477
2.332.51
2.662.80
3.003.28
3.333.44
4.004.26
1.9632.591
2.6443.283
3.4305.100
4.3025.099
6.3488.813
.170
.349
.190
.326
.210
.494
.230
.344
.270
.532
.441 .516 .405 .552 .8461.634 .552 .771 .552 .6991.2431.906
1/2 x1/2 x1/2 x 5/8 x3/4 x3/4 x1 x1 x1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x
3/8 x1/2 x3/4 x5/8 x3/8 x3/4 x1/2 x1 x1/2 x1-1/4 x 1/2 x1 x
1/8 3/32 1/8 1/81/8 1/81/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8
1/8 1/8 1/8 1/81/8 1/41/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 3/163/16
1-3/4 x1-3/4 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2-1/4 x 2-1/2 x 3 x3 x3 x5 x
3 x3 x
4 x4 x
5 x5 x
6 x6 x
8 x8 x
3/4 x 1 x1/2 x 1 x2 x2 x7/8 x1-1/2 x1/2 x1 x1-1/2 x2 x
1-1/2 x 2 x
H-13
Aluminum Beams (W-Beams)Extruded - Aluminum Association6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.
Aluminum TeesExtruded - American Standard6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.
Aluminum TeesExtruded -Sharp Corner6063-T52Stock Lengths: 16 Ft.
Web Depthand
Thicknessin Inches
Sizein Inches
Sizein Inches
Sizein Inches
Flange Width in Inches
Flange Thicknessin Inches
Approx.Weight
per Foot
Approx.Weight
per Foot
Approx.Weight
per Foot
Approx.Weight
per Foot
2.502.503.003.003.504.004.004.505.005.005.506.006.007.00
.20
.26
.23
.29
.32
.29
.35
.38
.35
.41
.44
.41
.50
.62
.8051.259
.202
.274
.294
.825 .3861.103
.130
.150
.150
.170
.190
.190
.210
.230
.230
.250
.270
.250
.290
.310
1.637 2.030 2.311 2.793 3.700 4.030 4.692 5.800 6.181 7.023 8.361 8.64610.29014.290
1/81/81/8
1/41/4
1-1/2 x2 x
3 x3 x4 x4 x5 x6 x6 x7 x8 x8 x9 x10 x10 x12 x
3/4 x1 x1-1/4 x
3/4 x1 x7/8 x
1/41/81/4
1-1/2 x2 x2 x
1-1/2 x3/4 x2 x
H-14
Aluminum Rounds6061-T6Stock Lengths 12 Ft. Thru 4-1/2” Diameter 8/12 Ft. Over 4-1/2” Diameter
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.
1/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
11-1/161-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-9/161-5/81-3/41-13/161-7/8
22-1/82-1/42-3/82-1/22-9/162-5/82-3/42-7/8
Size inInches
Size inInches
.0145 .0324 .0577 .0901 .1297 .1766 .2306 .2919 .3604 .4361 .5190 .6091 .7064 .8110 .92271.04201.16801.30101.44201.59001.74501.90702.07602.25302.43602.82603.03103.2440
3.69104.16604.67105.20505.76706.05906.35806.97807.6340
8.304 9.011 9.746 10.520 11.300 12.140 12.980
14.780 15.720 16.670 18.680 19.740 20.820
23.070 24.260 25.430 28.000 30.510
33.220 34.650 36.040 38.980 42.040
45.210 51.900
59.050 66.660
74.740 94.680111.600144.200
33-1/83-1/43-3/83-1/23-5/83-3/4
44-1/84-1/44-1/24-5/84-3/4
55-1/85-1/45-1/25-3/4
66-1/86-1/46-1/26-3/4
77-1/2
88-1/2
910-1/81112-1/8
Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire
Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire
H-15Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire
Aluminum Hexagons6061-T651Stock Lengths 12 Ft.
Aluminum Squares6061 and 6063ExtrudedStock Lengths 12 Ft. - 6061 16 Ft. - 6063
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.
1/43/81/25/811/163/47/811-1/16
1/45/163/81/25/83/47/811-1/81-1/4
1-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/4
1-1/21-3/422-1/22-3/433-1/2456
Size inInches
Size inInches
Size inInches
Size inInches
.0631
.1431
.2543
.3974
.4809
.5722
.77891.01601.1480
.0735 .1148 .1656 .2940 .4586 .6595 .89941.17601.48901.8380
1.28701.58801.92202.28603.11604.07005.15006.35907.6940
2.6460 3.5980 4.7040 7.3430 8.884010.570014.390018.800029.370042.3400
H-16
Aluminum Flats6061 and 6063ExtrudedStock Lengths 6061 - 12 Ft. 6063 - 16 Ft.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.
1/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/233-1/245
1/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/234
1/25/83/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/233-1/244-1/25678
11-1/4
1/8 x
3/16 x
1/4 x
5/16 x
5/16 x
3/8 x
1/2 x
1-1/222-3/435
1/23/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/22-3/433-1/24568
3/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/233-1/244-1/255-1/268
Size inInches
Size inInches
.0745 .1098 .1470 .1833 .2215 .2940 .3671 .4410 .5140 .5880 .7342
.1107 .1656 .2215 .2754 .3303 .4410 .5507 .6608 .8820
.1470 .1842 .2215 .2940 .3685 .4410 .5155 .5704 .6608 .7350 .88201.02801.14101.32201.46901.76202.05602.3500
.3675 .4589
.5504 .71341.01101.10101.7880
.2250 .3312 .4410 .5498 .6605 .7710 .88201.10101.21201.32301.54201.76402.20302.64303.5240
.4400 .5880 .7350 .86441.02801.17601.48501.76402.05602.34802.64302.93703.23103.52804.7040
H-17Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire
Aluminum Flats6061 and 6063ExtrudedStock Lengths 6061 - 12 Ft. 6063 - 16 Ft.
Approx. Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx. Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.
11-1/41-1/2235
11-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/233-1/244-1/256
1-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/233-1/24568
1-1/222-1/2344-1/2
5/8 x
3/4 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
2 x
2-1/2 x
3 x
3-1/2 x
4 x
4-1/2 x
56
22-1/2346
2-1/23456
33-1/244-1/25
3-1/244-1/256
5
56
6
Size inInches
Size inInches
.7340 .91731.10301.47002.20303.6710
.88101.10301.29401.54201.76402.20102.64603.08703.52203.96504.40605.2920
1.46901.78202.05602.35202.93703.52804.11204.70405.87407.05609.3980
2.20302.94003.67104.40605.87406.6080
7.343 8.820
3.528 4.410 5.292 7.04910.570
5.874 7.056 9.39811.75014.100
8.81110.28011.75013.22014.690
12.34014.10015.86017.61021.150
20.550
23.50028.200
31.750
H-18
Aluminum Plate6061Mill Finish - Heat Treatable
Approx. Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx. Wt.per Platein Lbs.
36-1/248-1/248-1/248-1/260-1/260-1/27272
36-1/248-1/272
36-1/248-1/260-1/27272
36-1/248-1/248-1/260-1/260-1/27272
48-1/2
36-1/248-1/260-1/2
36-1/248-1/260-1/2
48-1/2
36-1/248-1/260-1/2
48-1/2
96-1/2 96-1/2 120-1/2 144-1/2120-1/2 144-1/2144240
96-1/2144-1/2 240
96-1/2 144-1/2144-1/2144240
96-1/296-1/2144-1/2144-1/2240-1/2144240
144-1/2
96-1/2 144-1/2 120-1/2
96-1/2 144-1/2144-1/2
144-1/2
96-1/2 144-1/2 144-1/2
144-1/2
xxxxxxxx
xxx
xxxxx
xxxxxxx
x
xxx
xxx
x
xxx
x
DecimalThicknessin Inches
Width inInches
Length inInches
3.5283.5283.5283.5283.5283.5283.5283.528
4.4174.4174.417
5.2925.2925.2925.2925.292
7.0567.0567.0567.0567.0567.0567.056
7.948
8.8208.8208.820
10.58010.58010.580
12.350
14.11014.11014.110
17.640
86.30114.67143.18171.70178.61214.19254.02423.36
108.04214.97530.04
129.44257.55321.28381.02635.04
172.59229.33343.40428.37712.96508.03846.72
386.82
215.74429.26446.53
258.79514.91642.31
601.06
345.13686.71856.62
858.51
.250
.313
.375
.500
.563
.625
.750
.875
1.000
1.250
Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire
H-19
Aluminum Plate6061Mill Finish - Heat Treatable
Approx. Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx. Wt.per Platein Lbs.
36-1/248-1/260-1/2
36-1/248-1/2
48-1/260-1/272-1/2
48-1/2
36-1/248-1/2
48-1/2
48-1/2
48-1/2
48-1/2
48-1/2
48-1/2
48-1/2
48-1/2
48-1/2
60
60
60
96-1/2144-1/2144-1/2
96-1/2144-1/2
144-1/2 144-1/2144-1/2
144-1/2 96-1/2144-1/2
144-1/2
144-1/2 144-1/2
144-1/2
144-1/2
144-1/2
144-1/2
144-1/2
144-1/2
144
144
144
xxx
xx
xxx
x
xx
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
DecimalThicknessin Inches
Width in
Inches
Length in
Inches 21.17 21.17 21.17
24.70 24.70
28.22 28.22 28.22
31.75
35.28 35.28
38.81
42.34
49.39
56.45
63.50
70.56
77.62
84.67
98.78
112.90
141.10
169.30
517.82 1030.31 1285.23
604.16 1202.11
1373.42 1713.24 2053.05
1545.22
862.95 1717.02
1888.84
2060.62
2403.73
2747.33
3090.44 3434.04
3777.64
4120.75
4807.46
6774.00
8466.00
10158.00
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.250
2.500
2.750
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
5.500
6.000
7.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire
.100
.125
.100
.125
.188
.250
.313
H-20
Diamond Tread Aluminum Floor Plate3003/6061-T6Available in bright reflective finish and mill finish.Raised lugs are on approximately 1” centers.Opposite side is smooth.
Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.
Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.
Wt. per Plate
in Lbs.
Wt. per Plate
in Lbs.
xx
x
x
xx
Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches
Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches
48 60
48
60
4860
100.48125.60
122.88
100.48
121.60152.00
178.56223.20
234.88293.60
368.00
153.60
180.50225.60
192192
192
1.571.57
1.92
1.92
2.822.82
192
192192
.125
.188
3003 - Bright Finish
6061-T6 - Mill Finish
x
xx
xx
xx
x
48
4860
4860
4860
60
192
192192
192192
192192
192
1.57
1.901.90
2.792.79
3.673.67
4.60
.375
.500
.625
.750
486072
486072
6072
6072
xxx
xxx
xx
xx
192192192
192192192
192192
192192
5.495.495.49
7.277.277.27
9.059.05
10.7210.72
351.36439.20527.04
465.28581.60697.92
724.00868.80
857.601029.12
H-21Other Sizes Available Slit and Cut-to-Length from Coil.
Aluminum Sheet3003Mill Finish - Non-Heat Treatable
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Sheetin Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Platein Lbs.
x
xxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
xxxxxx
xx
xxxxxx
xxxx
xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches
Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches
36
36484848
363636484848
363648484860
36363648484860
36363648484860
363636484848
6060
363648484860
36486072
36363648484860607272
36484860606072
120144
9614496120144144
96144144120
9612014496120144120144120144
9612014496120144144
6.84
8.5411.3914.2417.09
10.9413.6816.4214.5918.2421.89
13.6817.1018.2422.8027.3634.20
17.1121.3925.6622.8228.5234.2242.78
21.5526.9432.3328.7435.9243.1053.88
27.3434.1741.0036.4545.5654.67
56.95 68.34
30.89 46.33 41.18 51.48 61.78 77.22
34.22 68.45 85.56 85.56
42.77 53.46 64.15 57.02 71.28 85.54 89.10106.90106.90128.30
65.11108.52130.22108.36135.65162.78195.34
.285
.356 .356 .356 .356
.456 .456 .456 .456 .456 .456
.570 .570 .570 .570 .570 .570
.713 .713 .713 .713 .713 .713 .713
.898 .898 .898 .898 .898 .898 .898
1.1391.1391.1391.1391.1391.139
96
9696120144
9612014496120144
9612096120144144
9612014496120144144
9612014496120144144
9612014496120144
1.1391.139
1.2871.2871.2871.2871.2871.287
1.4261.4261.4261.426
1.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.782
2.7132.7132.7132.7132.7132.7132.713
.020
.025
.032
.040
.050
.063
.080
.080
.090
.100
.125
.190
Other Sizes Available Slit and Cut-to-Length from Coil.H-22
Aluminum Sheet5052Mill Finish - Non-Heat Treatable
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Sheetin Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Platein Lbs.
x
x
xxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx
xx
xxxx
xxxxxxxx
xx
xxxxxxxx
x
xxxxxxx
Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches
Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches
36
36
3636484848
363636484848
3636364848486060
3636364848486072
3636
48484860
3636364848486060
4860
3636364848486060
48
36484848606072
96120144144
9612014496120144120144
144144
9612014496120144120144
144
9696120144120144144
6.70
8.38
10.7313.4114.3017.8821.46
13.4216.7720.1217.8922.3626.83
16.7520.9425.1322.3427.9233.5034.9041.88
21.1226.4031.6828.1635.2042.2452.8063.36
26.7840.18
35.71 44.64 53.57 66.96
30.26 37.83 45.40 40.35 50.44 60.53 63.05 75.66
67.06 83.82
41.90 52.38 62.86 55.87 69.84 83.81 87.30104.76
107.09
63.79 85.06106.32127.58132.90159.48191.38
.279
.349
.447 .447 .447 .447 .447
.559 .559 .559 .559 .559 .559
.698 .698 .698 .698 .698 .698 .698 .698
.880 .880 .880 .880 .880 .880 .880 .880
1.1161.116
96
96
9612096120144
9612014496120144
9612014496120144120144
9612014496120144144144
96144
1.1161.1161.1161.116
1.2611.2611.2611.2611.2611.2611.2611.261
1.3971.397
1.7461.7461.7461.7461.7461.7461.7461.746
2.231
2.6582.6582.6582.6582.6582.6582.658
.020
.025
.032
.040
.050
.063
.080
.080
.090
.100
.125
.
.160
.190
Other Sizes Available Slit and Cut-to-Length from Coil.
H-23
Aluminum Sheet6061
Mill Finish - Heat Treatable
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Sheetin Lbs.
Approx.Wt.
per Platein Lbs.
x
x
xxx
xxxx
xxx
xx
xx
xxxxx
x
xxxxxx
Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches
Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches
48
48
484860
48484860
484860
4860
4848
3648484860
48
364848606072
21.70
27.12
28.2433.8942.36
28.4535.5642.6753.34
45.0854.1067.62
61.1576.44
56.44 67.73
42.34 56.45 70.56 84.67105.84
108.19
64.44107.40128.88134.25161.10193.32
.452
.565
.706 .706 .706
.889 .889 .889 .889
1.1271.1271.127
1.2741.274
1.4111.411
1.7641.7641.7641.7641.764
2.254
2.6852.6852.6852.6852.6852.685
144
144
120144144
96120144144
120144144
144144
120144
9696120144144
144
96120144120144144
.032
.040
.050
.063
.080
.090
.100
.125
.160
.190
H-24
Aluminum Round TubingDrawn 6061
Stock Lengths: 12 Ft.
Avg. WallThicknessin Inches
Avg. WallThicknessin Inches
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
3/16 x
1/4 x
5/16 x
3/8 x
1/2 x
5/8 x
3/4 x
7/8 x
1 x
1-1/8 x
1-1/4 x
1-3/8 x
1-1/2 x
1-5/8 x
1-7/8 x
2 x
2-1/4 x
2-1/2 x
3 x
3-1/4 x
3-1/2 x
SizeO.D.
inInches
SizeO.D.
inInches
.020
.028
.036
.048
.055
.044
.059
.068
.075
.060
.082
.095
.104
.128
.076
.104
.122
.134
.093
.127
.148
.165
.205
.109
.150
.195
.172
.202
.225
.281
.404
.229
.157 .217 .285 .358
.240 .282
.345 .435 .635
.336
.389
.254 .353 .416 .465 .588
.981
.585 .741
.705 .895
1.440
.825
.035
.035
.049
.049
.058
.035
.049
.058
.065
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.035
.049
.058
.065
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.035
.049
.065
.049
.058
.065
.083
.125
.058
.035
.049
.065
.083
.049
.058
.065
.083
.125
.058
.058
.035
.049
.058
.065
.083
.125
.065
.083
.065
.083
.125
.065
H-25
Aluminum Round Tubing6061-T6511
Extruded Seamless - HolobarStock Lengths: 24 Ft.
Avg. WallThicknessin Inches
Avg. WallThicknessin Inches
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
1-1/2 x
2 x
2-1/4 x
2-1/2 x
2-3/4 x
3 x
3-1/4 x
3-3/8 x
3-1/2 x
3-3/4 x
4 x
4 x
4-1/2 x
4-3/4 x
5 x
5-1/2 x
6 x
6-1/2 x
6-3/4 x
7 x
7-1/2 x
8 x
SizeO.D.
inInches
SizeO.D.
inInches
.6351.160
.8661.620
1.850
1.1002.0803.700
2.3104.160
1.3302.5404.6206.240
3.9805.076
7.270
3.0005.5407.624
6.000
1.7903.460
6.470
7.39010.39012.900
7.850
4.930 8.31011.76014.800
9.24013.10016.660
5.31010.10018.420
11.000
16.600
12.00022.150
12.900
10.50013.800
.125
.250
.125
.250
.250
.125
.250
.500
.250
.500
.125
.250
.500
.750
.375
.500
.750
.250
.500
.750
.500
.125
.250
.500
.500 .7501.000
.500
.250 .500 .7501.000
.500 .7501.000
.250 .5001.000
.500
.750
.5001.000
.500
.375 .500
H-26
Aluminum Square Tubing6063-T52
Extruded Stock Lengths: 21 Ft.-1 in.
Aluminum Rectangular Tubing6063-T52
Extruded Stock Lengths: 21 Ft.-1 In.
Avg. WallThicknessin Inches
Avg. WallThicknessin Inches
Avg. WallThicknessin Inches
Avg. WallThicknessin Inches
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
3/4 x1 x1-1/4 x1-1/2 x1-3/4 x
1 x1 x1-1/2 x1-1/2 x1-1/2 x
2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x
1-1/2 x2 x2 x2-1/2 x3 x
3 x4 x5 x6 x8 x
2 x3 x
4 x
SizeO.D.
inInches
SizeO.D.
inInches
SizeO.D.
inInches
SizeO.D.
inInches
.368
.516
.676
.810
.956
.662 .810 .9571.1031.264
1.3971.6901.9852.2792.925
1.1031.6913.2342.2794.410
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.250
.125
.250
SCHEDULE 80
SCHEDULE 40
H-27
Aluminum Round Pipe6061 and 6063
Extruded - SeamlessSchedule 40 & 80 - Standard IPSStock Lengths: 20 Ft.
Approx.Wt. per
Ft.in Lbs.
Avg. Wall
Thicknessin Inches
1/81/43/8 1/2 3/411-1/4 1-1/222-1/23 3-1/2 4 5681012
1-1/41-1/2 22-1/2 3 4
.269 .364 .493 .622 .824 1.049 1.380 1.610 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.548 4.026 5.047 6.065 7.98110.02011.938
1.2781.5001.9392.3232.9003.826
Nom.Pipe
Size inInches
O.D.in
Inches
I.D.in
Inches
.450 .540 .675 .840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.62510.75012.750
1.6601.9002.3752.8753.5004.500
.085 .147 .196 .293 .391 .581 .786 .9401.2642.0042.6213.1513.7335.0576.5649.87814.00018.520
1.0371.2561.7372.6503.5475.183
.068
.088
.091
.109
.113
.133
.140
.145
.154
.203
.216
.226
.237
.258
.280
.322
.365
.406
.191
.200
.218
.276
.300
.337
SECTION I
Specialty Products Page
Reinforcing Bar I-1
Reinforcing Wire Mesh I-1
Expanded Metal I-2
Expanded Metal Grating I-6
Bar Grating I-7
Perforated Metal I-8
Safety Grating I-11
Fiberglass I-12
I-1
Concrete Reinforcing BarASTM A615No Grade, Grade 40 & Grade 60Available Lengths 20 Ft. & 40 Ft.
Reinforcing Wire MeshASTM A185Available in Rolls or Flat Sheets
Bar Size Nominal Dimensions
Inches
Long. Trans. Long. Trans
Bar No.*
MetricBar Size
DiameterInches
Spacingin Inches
Wire Gaugein Inches
Sq. In.Long.
Sq. In.Trans
WeightLbs.
Per 100Sq.Ft.
Section AreasPer Foot of Width
AreaSq.In.
PerimeterInches
WeightLbs.
Per Ft. .376 .6681.0431.5022.0442.6703.4004.303
1.1781.5711.9632.3562.7493.1423.5443.990
.11 .20 .31 .44 .60 .791.001.27
.375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.0001.1281.270
.029
.041
.058
.080
.029
.041
.058
.080
21304258
1013161922252932
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6 x 66 x 66 x 66 x 6
10 x 108 x 86 x 64 x 4
3/81/25/83/47/811-1/81-1/4*Bar Numbers are the eighths of an inch in the nominal diameter.
I-2
Reg
ular
Exp
ande
d M
etal
—C
arbo
n S
teel
Sty
leW
eigh
t in
lbs.
per
c.s.
f.A
vaila
ble
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
in F
eet
Siz
e of
Ope
ning
sin
Inch
esC
ente
r to
Cen
ter
Bon
d In
Inch
es
Siz
e of
S
tran
dsIn
Inch
es
Per
cent
O
pen
Are
a
Ove
rall
Thic
knes
s in
In
ches
3/16
”-#2
43/
16”-
#22
3/16
”-#2
01/
4”-#
201/
4”-#
181/
2”-#
201/
2”-#
181/
2”-#
161/
2”-#
133/
4”-#
163/
4”-#
133/
4”-#
103/
4”-#
91”
#16
1-1/
2”-#
181-
1/2”
-#16
1-1/
2”-#
131-
1/2”
-#10
1-1/
2”-#
91-
1/2”
-# 6
2”
#
102”
# 9
50 62 75 86 114
43 70 86 147
54 80 120
180
44 20 40 60 79 120
250
68 90
N/A
N/A
N/A
129
171
59 85 97 173
65 92 136
195
51 25 48 68 89 131
273
75 102
.166
.166
.166
.172
.172
.438
.438
.375
.313
.813
.750
.750
.688
1.00
01.
313
1.25
01.
188
1.18
81.
125
1.00
01.
625
1.56
3
.437
.437
.437
.719
.719
.938
.938
.938
.938
1.75
01.
688
1.62
51.
563
2.06
32.
625
2.62
52.
500
2.50
02.
375
2.31
33.
438
3.37
5
.200
.200
.200
.255
.255
.500
.500
.500
.500
.923
.923
.923
.923
1.09
01.
330
1.33
01.
330
1.33
01.
330
1.33
01.
850
1.85
0
.50
.50
.50
1.00
1.00
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.40
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
4.00
.050
.050
.050
.073
.073
.072
.088
.086
.096
.099
.096
.144
.148
.096
.067
.107
.104
.137
.142
.201
.164
.149
.024
.030
.036
.036
.048
.036
.048
.060
.092
.060
.092
.092
.134
.060
.048
.060
.092
.092
.134
.198
.092
.134
63 60 57 45 43 80 77 71 58 85 78 77 66 86 93 89 86 85 75 63 86 86
.086
.088
.090
.125
.125
.124
.155
.157
.182
.186
.195
.282
.300
.182
.140
.211
.215
.289
.295
.425
.312
.325
4 4 4 4 4 4 4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4 4 4 4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
B B
8 8 8 8 8 8 8-10
8-10
8-10
8-10
8-10
8-10
8-10
-12
8 8 8-10
-12
8-10
-12
8-10
8-10
-12
8-10
-12
B B
Pla
in
Gal
v.
W
idth
- L
engt
h
W
idth
-
Leng
th
W
idth
- L
engt
h
Wid
th -
Thi
ckne
ss
I-3
Reg
ular
Exp
ande
d M
etal
—C
arbo
n S
teel
Sty
leW
eigh
t in
lbs.
per
c.s.
f.A
vaila
ble
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
in F
eet
Siz
e of
Ope
ning
sin
Inch
esC
ente
r to
Cen
ter
Bon
d In
Inch
es
Siz
e of
S
tran
dsIn
Inch
es
Per
cent
O
pen
Are
a
Ove
rall
Thic
knes
s in
In
ches
1/2”
- #1
81/
2”-
#16
1/2”
- #
133/
4” -
#18
3/4”
- #
163/
4” -
#13
3/4”
- #
91-
1/2”
-#1
61-
1/2”
- #
131-
1/2”
- #
9
73 91 187 48 60 91 205 45 68 137
.438
.438
.313
.813
.813
.750
.688
1.25
01.
250
1.12
5
.938
.938
.875
1.75
01.
750
1.68
81.
563
2.75
02.
625
2.50
0
.087
.087
.120
.106
.106
.108
.161
.115
.116
.155
.050
.062
.093
.050
.062
.093
.140
.062
.093
.140
.500
.500
.500
.923
.923
.923
.923
1.33
31.
333
1.33
3
1.20
1.20
1.20
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
77 70 58 89 85 78 67 89 86 75
.164
.164
.225
.200
.200
.200
.300
.220
.220
.280
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
W
idth
- L
engt
h
W
idth
-
Leng
th
W
idth
- L
engt
h
Wid
th -
Thi
ckne
ss
3/16
” -.
032
1/2”
-.0
511/
2” -
.081
3/4”
-.0
513/
4” -
.081
3/4”
-.1
251-
1/2”
-.0
811-
1/2”
-.1
25
23 27 44 17 41 65 22 43
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
.166
.375
.375
.813
.750
.688
1.18
81.
188
.437
.938
.938
1.75
01.
688
1.68
82.
500
2.50
0
.200
.500
.500
.923
.923
.923
1.33
31.
333
.50
1.20
1.20
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
.050
.094
.096
.109
.166
.170
.128
.163
.032
.051
.081
.051
.081
.125
.081
.125
52 70 60 90 74 66 87 78
.068
.158
.186
.200
.300
.305
.240
.300
Reg
ular
Exp
ande
d M
etal
—A
lum
inum
I-4
Flat
tene
d E
xpan
ded
Met
al—
Car
bon
Ste
el
Sty
leW
eigh
t in
lbs.
per
c.s.
f.A
vaila
ble
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
in F
eet
Siz
e of
Ope
ning
sin
Inch
esC
ente
r to
Cen
ter
Bon
d In
Inch
es
Siz
e of
S
tran
dsIn
Inch
es
Per
cent
O
pen
Are
a
Ove
rall
Thic
knes
s in
In
ches
3/16
”-#2
43/
16”-
#22
3/16
”-#2
01/
4”-#
201/
4”-#
181/
2”-#
201/
2”-#
181/
2”-#
161/
2”-#
133/
4”-#
163/
4”-#
143/
4”-#
133/
4”-#
91”
-#1
61-
1/2”
-#16
1-1/
2”-#
141-
1/2”
-#13
1-1/
2”-#
9
48 60 72 83 111 40 66 82 140 51 63 75 171 41 38 46 57 111
N/A
N/A
N/A
124
165 51 88 100
162 61 75 86 186 50 44 56 68 128
.085
.085
.085
.094
.094
.375
.281
.250
.250
.750
.688
.688
.563
.875
1.06
31.
063
1.06
31.
000
.459
.459
.459
.688
.688
1.00
01.
000
1.00
01.
000
1.75
01.
813
1.78
21.
688
2.25
02.
750
2.75
02.
750
2.56
3
.200
.200
.200
.255
.255
.500
.500
.500
.500
.923
.923
.923
.923
1.09
01.
330
1.33
01.
330
1.33
0
.52
.52
.52
1.03
1.03
1.26
1.26
1.26
1.26
2.10
2.12
2.10
2.12
2.56
3.20
3.20
3.20
3.20
.057
.057
.057
.086
.086
.070
.109
.103
.122
.115
.119
.119
.164
.115
.123
.138
.138
.175
.019
.024
.029
.030
.040
.029
.039
.050
.070
.048
.061
.070
.120
.048
.048
.060
.070
.110
41 40 39 47 40 72 69 60 57 75 70 73 63 77 82 82 80 77
.019
.024
.029
.030
.040
.029
.039
.050
.070
.048
.061
.070
.120
.048
.048
.060
.070
.110
4 4 4 4 4 43-
4-6
3-4-
63-
4-6
3-4-
63-
4-6
3-4-
63-
4-6 4 4
3-4-
63-
4-6
3-4-
6
8 8 8 8 8 88-
108-
108-
108-
108-
108-
108-
10-1
2 8 8 8 88-
10-1
2
Pla
in
Gal
v.
W
idth
- L
engt
h
W
idth
-
Leng
th
W
idth
- L
engt
h
Wid
th -
Thi
ckne
ss
I-5
Flat
tene
d E
xpan
ded
Met
al—
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Sty
leW
eigh
t in
lbs.
per
c.s.
f.A
vaila
ble
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
in F
eet
Siz
e of
Ope
ning
sin
Inch
esC
ente
r to
Cen
ter
Bon
d In
Inch
es
Siz
e of
S
tran
dsIn
Inch
es
Per
cent
O
pen
Are
a
Ove
rall
Thic
knes
s in
In
ches
1/2”
-#18
1/2”
-#16
1/2”
-#13
3/4”
-#18
3/4”
-#16
3/4”
-#13
3/4”
-# 9
1-1/
2”-#
161-
1/2”
-#13
1-1/
2”-#
9
69 86 178 46 57 87 195 43 65 131
.313
.313
.250
.750
.750
.625
.563
1.06
31.
000
.938
1.00
01.
000
1.00
01.
813
1.81
31.
750
1.68
82.
750
2.62
52.
625
.500
.500
.500
.923
.923
.923
.923
1.33
31.
333
1.33
3
1.26
1.26
1.26
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
3.15
3.15
3.15
.093
.093
.132
.118
.118
.120
.160
.124
.124
.165
.040
.050
.080
.040
.050
.070
.119
.050
.079
.119
68 60 56 77 75 74 64 83 79 76
.040
.050
.080
.040
.050
.070
.119
.050
.079
.119
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Wid
th -
Len
gth
Wid
th -
Le
ngth
Wid
th -
Len
gth
W
idth
- T
hick
ness
1/2”
-.0
511/
2” -
.081
3/4”
-.0
513/
4” -
.081
3/4”
-.1
251-
1/2”
-.0
811-
1/2”
-.1
25
Flat
tene
d E
xpan
ded
Met
al—
Alu
min
um25 41 16 38 61 20 40
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
.313
.313
.750
.688
.625
1.06
31.
000
1.00
01.
000
1.81
31.
750
1.75
02.
750
2.75
0
.500
.500
.923
.923
.923
1.33
31.
333
1.27
1.27
2.12
2.12
2.12
3.15
3.15
.091
.103
.114
.172
.180
.144
.190
.040
.060
.040
.070
.095
.055
.080
57 57 73 63 55 75 65
.040
.060
.040
.070
.095
.055
.080
I-6
Exp
ande
d M
etal
Gra
ting—
Car
bon
Ste
el
Sty
leW
eigh
t in
lbs.
per
c.s.
f.A
vaila
ble
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
in F
eet
Siz
e of
Ope
ning
sin
Inch
esC
ente
r to
Cen
ter
Bon
d In
Inch
es
Siz
e of
S
tran
dsIn
Inch
es
Per
cent
O
pen
Are
a
Ove
rall
Thic
knes
s in
In
ches
3 lb
. 3.
14 lb
. 4
lb.
4.27
lb.
5 lb
. 6.
25 lb
. 7
lb.
320
334
430
457
550
625
700
.938
1.62
5.9
381.
000
.813
.813
.813
3.43
84.
875
3.43
82.
875
3.37
53.
375
3.37
5
1.33
32.
000
1.33
31.
412
1.33
31.
412
1.41
2
5.33
6.00
5.33
4.00
5.33
5.33
5.33
.261
.308
.297
.297
.327
.347
.388
.183
.250
.215
.250
.250
.312
.312
73 74 65 58 52 55 60
.500
.562
.625
.625
.625
.750
.750
4-6
4-6
4-5-
64-
64-
5-6
4-6
4-6
8-12
8-10
8-10
8-10
8-10 8 8
Pla
in
Gal
v.
W
idth
- L
engt
h
Wid
th -
Le
ngth
Wid
th -
Len
gth
W
idth
- T
hick
ness
300
314
400
427
500
652
700
I-7
Steel Bar GratingBearing bars and cross bars are joined by automatic forge-welding machines which control heat, pressure and electric current. Result: sturdy, one-piece grating with flush top surface. Bar grating is widely used for walkways, fire escapes, floors, decks, etc. Available plain, painted, galvanized or vinyl coated, regular or with serrated edges, spiral-drawn or smooth round cross bars. Also available in stainless and aluminum.
Standard Widths: 24” and 36”Standard Lengths: 240” and 288”
TOPVIEW
BEARING BARSCenter to Center
CROSS BARSCenter to Center
SPECIFY FOR:
15-W-215-W-419-W-4 19-W-2Standard Mesh Close Mesh
1-3/16”
4” 2” 4” 2”
1-3/16” 15/16” 15/16”
GeneralDuty
ApplicationsSmaller
Openings
HeavierLoads,Smaller
Openings
HeaviestLoads,
SmallestOpenings
WEIGHT IN LBS. PER SQ. FT.Bearing
BarsCrossBars
Type19-W-4
Type19-W-2
Type15-W-4
Type15-W-2
1/83/16
1/83/16 1/8
3/161/8
3/16 3/163/163/16
1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 5/165/165/165/16
3/4 x3/4 x
1 x1 x
1-1/4 x1-1/4 x1-1/2 x1-1/2 x1-3/4 x
2 x2-1/4 x
3.995.675.157.356.209.037.35
10.9412.6214.3015.87
4.636.315.797.996.849.677.9911.8013.4815.1616.74
4.957.116.449.277.79
11.439.27
13.8215.9818.1420.16
5.597.757.089.918.43
12.079.91
14.6816.8419.0021.03
I-8
Perforated Metal
Carbon Steel
RoundPerforation
SizesHole
CentersGaugesAvailable
OpenArea
.027
.045
.045
.0461/16 1/161/16 5/64 5/643/323/32.117
1/81/8
5/323/163/161/4 1/4
5/163/83/81/2 3/4
1
.050 Straight
.066 Straight
.088 Staggered
.088 Staggered3/32 “7/64 “ 1/8 “ 7/64 “ 1/8 “ 5/32 “ 1/4 “ 5/32 “ 3/16 “ 1/4 “ 3/16 “ 1/4 “ 5/16 “ 5/16 “ 3/8 “ 7/16 “ 1/2 “ 9/16 “ 11/16 “ 1 “ 1-1/4 “
2624242222, 201622, 20, 18, 162018, 1622,18,16,14142224,22,20,18,16,14,12,111622, 20, 18, 1624, 22, 20, 18, 1616, 11, 3/1620, 18, 16, 1420,18,16,14,11,10,3/16,1/41111, 1/420, 16, 11, 3/16, 1/420, 16, 14, 11, 3/16, 1/4, 3/816, 11, 3/16, 1/411, 1/4
23.0%36.0%24.0%24.0%41.0%30.0%23.0%46.0%36.0%33.0%13.0%51.0%40.0%23.0%63.0%50.0%32.0%58.0%40.0%46.0%52.0%40.0%48.0%51.0%58.0%
I-9
Perforated Metal
Aluminum 3003-H14Standard Sizes: 3’ & 4’ x 8’ x 10’
RoundPerforation
SizesHole
CentersGaugesAvailable
OpenArea
.0331/161/161/163/32.117 1/81/8
5/323/16 3/161/4
.050 Straight3/32 Staggered7/64 “1/8 “ 5/32 “5/32 “ .177 “3/16 “3/16 “1/4 “5/16 “ 5/16 Staggered
.032
.032, .063
.063
.032, .040
.050, .080
.032
.063
.032, .050, .063, .125
.063
.032, .040, .050, .063
.063
.063
28.0%41.0%30.0%23.0%33.0%51.0%50.0%40.0%63.0%50.0%32.0%58.0%
I-10
Perforated Metal
Stainless Steel—Type 304Standard Sizes: 3’ & 4’ x 8’ & 10’
Perforated MetalStainless Steel—Type 316Standard Sizes: 3’ & 4’ x 8’ & 10’
RoundPerforation
SizesHole
CentersGaugesAvailable
OpenArea
RoundPerforation
SizesHole
CentersGaugesAvailable
OpenArea
.033
.0451/161/163/321/8 1/8
5/32 3/163/161/41/43/8 1/2
1
1/81/4
.055 Straight
.066 Straight3/32 Staggered 1/8 “5/32 “3/16 “ 3/8 Rev. Stg.3/16 Staggered1/4 “5/16 “5/16 “3/8 “9/16 “ 11/16 “1-1/4 “
3/16 Staggered 1/4 “
262622, 2022, 2022, 18, 1622, 20, 18, 16, 14, 111820, 18, 1622, 20, 18, 1616, 1122, 20, 18, 1618, 16, 14, 11, 3/1616, 1116, 11, 3/16
16, 1414
40.0%40.0%
34.0%37.0%41.0%23.0%33.0%40.0%10.0%63.0%50.0%32.0%58.0%40.0%40.0%48.0%
I-11
Safety GratingSafety Grating is a pre-galvanized, one piece,plank type grat-ing. Its slip-resistant open diamond pattern, serrated surface and load supporting characteristics offer an excellent choice where light weight and strength are required. Virtually main-tenance free. RRG-1602. Also available in aluminum and stainless steel.
Gauge Width DepthWeight perLineal Ft.
in Lbs.14GA x
12GA x
14GA x
12GA x
1-1/21-1/21-1/21-1/21-1/2
1-1/21-1/21-1/21-1/21-1/2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4-3/4 x 7 x 9-1/2 x 11-3/4 x 18-3/4 x 4-3/4 x 7 x 9-1/2 x 11-3/4 x 18-3/4 x 4-3/4 x 7 x 9-1/2 x 11-3/4 x 18-3/4 x
4-3/4 x 7 x 9-1/2 x 11-3/4 x 18-3/4 x 24 x
2.3003.0003.6004.2006.100
3.2004.1005.0005.9008.500
2.6003.2003.8004.4006.300
3.6004.5005.4006.2008.900
10.830
I-12
Molded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Std. Panel
Size (Ft)Mesh
Size (in.)
0.5
0.5
0.5
.75
1
2x2
1.5x1.5
.75x.751.5x1.5
1.5x1.5
1.5x1.5
12x4
12x4
12.5x4
12x4
10x412x4
74%
72%
42%
69%
69%
1.02
1.33
2.15
1.88
2.52
I-13
Molded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Std. Panel
Size (Ft)Mesh
Size (in.)
1
1
1
1
1.25
1.5x1.5
1x4
1x4
.75x.751.5x1.5
1.5x1.5
10x313x313x4
10x3
12x4
13x48x4
12x410x313x513x4
67%
67%
67%
38%
69%
1.02
1.33
2.15
1.88
2.52
I-14
Molded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Std. Panel
Size (Ft)Mesh
Size (in.)
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.5
1.5
1.5x1.5
.75x.751.5x1.5
.5x.51.5x1.5
1.5x1.5
6x1
10x313x313x4
13x313x4
13x4
10x412x413x413x5
12x4
67%
42%
30%
68%
56%
2.91
3.71
4.81
3.93
4.38
I-15
Molded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Std. Panel
Size (Ft)Mesh
Size (in.)
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2
.75x.751.5x1.5
4x1.5
1.5x1.5
.75x.751.5x1.5
2x2
13x313x4
12x4
10x313x313x4
13x4
12x4
42%
74%
67%
42%
69%
4.51
2.97
4.1
4.85
4.4
I-16
Molded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Std. Panel
Size (Ft)Mesh
Size (in.)
2
2.5
1.25
1.5
2
6x1.5
1.5x1.5
1.5x1.5
1.5x1.5
2x2
12x4
12x4
12x4
12x4
12x4
72%
47%
69%
68%
69%
4.3
10.65
2.77
3.48
4.1
I-17
Pultruded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Length (Ft)
Width (ft.)
1
1
1
1
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
40%
50%
40%
2.46
2.15
1.74
3.28
I-18
Pultruded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Length (Ft)
Width (ft.)
1
1
1.25
1.25
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
50%
60%
40%
50%
2.74
2.21
4.12
3.48
I-19
Pultruded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Length (Ft)
Width (ft.)
1.25
1.5
1.5
1.5
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
60%
40%
50%
60%
2.89
5.33
4.57
3.71
I-20
Pultruded Grating Products
Height (in.)
Weight (lbs./ft.)
Open Area
Length (Ft)
Width (ft.)
2
2
3
3
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
8,10, 12, 20
33%
50%
33%
50%
4.63
3.56
5.21
6.8
SECTION J
Brass, Bronze, Copper Page
Introduction to Red Metals J-1
Brass Rounds J-3
Brass Hexagons J-5
Brass Squares J-6
Brass Flats J-6
Bronze Rounds J-7
Bronze Tube - Hollow Rounds J-8
Copper Rounds J-10
Copper Squares J-11
Copper Bus Bars J-11
J-1
Product Introduction - Copper, Brass & Bronze
Copper
C110 Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper - C110 has the highest degree of electrical conductivity of any metal except silver. High ductility makes it a good choice for drawing, forming and spinning operations. It can be cold-worked or hot-formed and has highly suitable characteristics for welding and soldering. The corrosion resistance is excellent and C110 conforms to ASTM specification B133 (H04) and B187.
Brass
C353 Leaded Brass - This alloy is suited where extensive machining is performed in conjunction with or followed by severe knurling, deep thread rolling, deep roll stenciling, spin-ning, stabbing, flattening, bending or flaring and expanding. It conforms to ASTM B453.
C360 Free Cutting Brass - C360 is ideally suited for high speed machining operations with its superior machinability, thread rolling, and knurling characteristics. Its machinability rating of 100 is the standard against which all other copper alloys are rated. It is easily soldered or brazed and has good resistance to corrosion. Typical applications include gears, pinions, plumbing fittings, adapters, valves, valve stems, and various screw machine products. C360 conforms to ASTM B16 specifications.
C464 Naval Brass - With the addition of tin to copper and zinc, C464 provides a high degree of corrosion resistance to sea water at even higher than normal temperatures while also as-suring good strength and rigidity. C464 possesses excellent capacity for hot working and adapts well for hot forging and pressing. It also lends itself to drawing,forming and bending, and is readily soldered, brazed, and welded. Conforming to ASTM B21 specifications, C464 has typical applications of valve stems, pump shafts, marine hardware, nuts, bolts, and rivets.
C485 Leaded Naval Brass - Very similar to C464, except with the addition of lead for superior machining characteristics. This is the free-cutting naval brass, and it conforms to ASTM B21 specifications.
J-2
C694 Silicon Brass - C694 offers excellent wear resistance with a low coefficient of friction and therefore is used where corrosion resistance and high strength are critical. It has excellent capacity for being hot formed but is not recommended for cold working, and has an excellent rating for soldering and brazing. Conforming to ASTM B371 and B249 specifications, C694 is often used for forgings and screw machine products.
Bearing Bronze
C674 Manganese Bronze - this is a high strength, non-heat treatable material intended for use in applications requiring a combination of outstanding wear characteristics and high bear-ing strength. It has excellent hot forming capacities and is typically used for bushings, gears, connecting rods, wear plates and shafts. C674 conforms to SAE J461 and J463 specifications.
C932 Bearing Bronze - C932 (SAE 660) bearing bronze has excellent load capacity and anti-friction qualities that make it preferred for a wide variety of applications such as machine tools, power transmission equipment, electric motors, automo-tive equipment, tractors, cranes, hoists, elevators and many types of accessory and special equipment. It has good ma-chining characteristics, resists many chemicals and is general-ly recommended for medium speed, medium load applications. C932 conforms to ASTM B505 specifications.
C954 Aluminum Bronze - This is the most popular, all purpose aluminum bronze. It provides high yield and tensile strength, good ductility and weldability, unusual toughness and exceptional resistance to wear, fatigue and deformation. C954 conforms to ASTM 505 specifications.
J-3
Free-Cutting Brass RoundsC360
Half Hard (H02) TemperStock lengths: 12 Ft. thru 4” dia. - 7 to 12 Ft. over 4” dia.
1/163/327/641/89/645/3211/643/1613/647/3215/641/417/649/3219/645/1621/6411/3223/643/825/6413/3227/647/1629/6415/321/233/6417/329/1619/325/821/3211/1623/323/425/3213/1627/327/829/3215/1631/32
11-1/32 1-1/16 1-1/32 1-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/16 1-3/81-7/16 1-1/2 1-9/16 1-5/8 1-11/16 1-3/4 1-13/16 1-7/8 1-15/16 22-1/16 2-1/8 2-3/16 2-1/4 2-3/8 2-1/2 2-5/8 2-3/4 2-7/8 33-1/8 3-1/4 3-1/2 3-3/4 44-1/2 5678910
Size in
Inches
Size in
InchesWeight
Per FootWeight
Per Foot
.0113 .0254 .0346 .0452 .0572 .0706 .0854 .1017 .1193 .1384 .1589 .1807 .2040 .2288 .2549 .2824 .3114 .3417 .3735 .4067 .4413 .4773 .5147 .5535 .5938 .6354 .7230 .7689 .8162 .9150 1.0200 1.1300 1.2460 1.3670 1.4940 1.6270 1.7650 1.9090 2.0590 2.2140 2.3750 2.5420 2.7140
2.892 3.076 3.265 3.076 3.660 4.078 4.519 4.982 5.468 5.976 6.507 7.060 7.637 8.235 8.857 9.501 10.170 10.860 11.570 12.300 13.060 13.840 14.640 16.310 18.070 19.930 21.870 23.900 26.030 28.240 30.550 35.430 40.670 46.270 58.560 72.300 104.100 141.700 185.100 234.200 289.200
J-4
Naval Brass RoundsC464, C485
Half Hard (H02) TemperStock lengths: 12 Ft.
Silicon Brass RoundsC694
Stock lengths: 12 Ft.
1/43/81/25/83/47/81
1-1/41-1/2 1-3/4
2-1/42-3/4
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.1790 .4027 .7159 1.1190 1.6110 2.1930 2.8640
4.3616.2808.550
14.13021.110
Size in
InchesWeight
Per Foot
1-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/23
4.475 6.443 8.770 11.460 17.900 25.770
J-5
Free-Cutting Brass HexagonsC360
Half Hard (H02) TemperStock Lengths: 12 Ft.
Silicon Brass HexagonsC694
Stock lengths: 12 Ft.
1/8 5/323/167/321/49/325/1611/323/813/327/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
11-1/161-1/81-3/16 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-3/8 1-7/16 1-1/21-9/16 1-5/8 1-11/16 1-3/4 1-13/16 1-7/8 22-1/8 2-1/4 2-1/2 3
1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 2
2-1/8 2-1/4 2-1/2
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.0498 .0779 .1122 .1527 .1994 .2524 .3116 .3770 .4486 .5265 .6107 .79761.00901.24601.50801.79502.10602.44302.8040
6.891 8.088 9.38012.250
13.83015.50019.140
3.190 3.602 4.038 4.499 4.985 5.496 6.032 6.593 7.178 7.789 8.425 9.085 9.77010.48011.21012.76014.41016.15019.94028.710
J-6
Free-Cutting Brass SquaresC360
Half Hard (H02) TemperStock Lengths: 12 Ft.
Free-Cutting Brass FlatsC360Half Hard (H02) TemperStock lengths: 12 Ft.
3/321/85/323/167/321/43/325/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/4
1/8 x
3/16 x
1/4 x
3/8 x
3/8 x
1/2 x
5/8 x
3/4 x
1 x
13/167/811-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/2 1-5/81-3/422-1/42-1/234
1/23/411-1/41-1/223
3/411-1/22
1/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/234
3/411-1/4
1-1/2234
5/83/411-1/41-1/222-1/234
12
11-1/41-1/22
1-1/223
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer Foot
.0324 .0576 .0899 .1295 .1763 .2303 .2914 .3598 .5181 .7051 .9210 1.1660 1.4390 1.7410 2.0720
.2303 .3454 .4605 .5756 .6908 .92101.3820
.5181 .69081.03601.3820
.4605 .6908 .92101.15101.38201.84202.30302.76303.6840
1.03601.38201.7270
2.072 2.763 4.145 5.526
1.151 1.382 1.842 2.303 2.763 3.684 4.605 5.526 7.368
2.303 4.605
2.763 3.454 4.115 5.526
5.526 7.36811.050
2.432 2.821 3.684 4.663 5.756 6.965 8.289 9.72811.28014.74018.65023.03033.16058.940
J-7
Manganese Bronze RoundsC674
SAE J461 And J463Stock LEngthS: 12 Ft.
Bearing Bronze RoundsC932 (SAE 660)
Continuous CastStock Lengths: 13” and 105”
7/81-3/161-3/4
2-1/162-3/4
1/25/83/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/23-3/444-1/44-1/24-3/455-1/266-1/277-1/28
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer13”
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer1”
WeightPer Foot
WeightPer105”
2.2143.9928.506
.077 .116 .154 .277 .423 .608 .823 1.070 1.339 1.654 1.970 2.370 2.762 3.200 3.639 4.231 4.777 5.277 5.947 6.585 8.085 9.56211.17012.96014.86017.090
8.085 12.180 16.170 29.090 44.420 63.840 86.420 112.400 140.600 173.700 206.900 248.900 290.000 336.000 382.100 444.300 501.600 554.100 624.400 691.400 848.9001004.0001172.0001361.0001560.0001794.000
1.001 1.508 2.002 3.601 5.499 7.904 10.700 13.910 17.410 21.500 25.610 30.810 35.910 41.600 47.310 55.000 62.100 68.600 77.310 85.610 105.100 124.300 145.200 168.500 193.200 222.200
11.74020.700
J-8
Bearing Bronze Tube HollowsC932 (SAE) 660)
Continuous CastStock Lengths: 13” and 105”
1/2 x
3/4 x
1 x
1-1/4 x
1-1/2 x
1-3/4 x
2 x
11-1/41-1/22
11-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/4
1-1/41-1/2 1-3/422-1/42-1/233-1/24
1-1/21-3/422-1/4 2-1/234
22-1/42-1/22-3/434
22-1/22-3/433-1/24
2-1/2 2-3/433-1/24
Size in
Inches
WeightPer13”
WeightPer1”
WeightPer105”
.223 .393 .5391.008
.147 .308 .477 .708 .9471.2311.5311.862
.185 .377 .593 .8471.1001.4162.1542.9853.977
.308 .447 .693 .9621.2702.0003.877
.523 .8001.1001.4541.8313.731
.308 .9161.2391.6312.4703.539
.6931.0231.4002.2773.347
23.42 41.27 56.60105.80
15.44 32.34 50.09 74.34 99.44129.30160.80195.50
19.43 39.59 62.27 88.94115.50148.70226.20313.40417.60
32.34 46.94 72.77101.00133.40210.00407.10
54.92 84.00115.50152.70192.30391.80
32.34 96.18130.10171.30259.40371.60 72.77107.40147.00239.10351.40
2.899 5.109 7.00713.100
1.911 4.004 6.201 9.20412.31016.00019.90024.210
2.405 4.901 7.70911.01014.30018.41028.00038.81051.700
4.004 5.811 9.00912.51016.51026.00050.400
6.79910.40014.30018.90023.80048.500
4.00411.91016.11021.20032.11046.010
9.00913.30018.20029.60043.510
J-9
Bearing Bronze Tube HollowsC932 (SAE) 660)
Continuous CastStock Lengths: 13” and 105”
2 x
2-1/4 x
2-1/2 x
2-3/4 x
3 x
3-1/2 x
4 x
4-1/4 x
4-1/2 x
56
2-3/433-1/24
33-1/43-1/23-3/444-1/255-1/26
3-1/23-3/444-1/2
3-1/244-1/255-1/266-1/27
44-1/255-1/266-1/2
4-3/455-1/266-1/278
55-1/46
5-1/26
Size in
Inches
WeightPer13”
WeightPer1”
WeightPer105”
5.662 8.708
.747 1.131 1.985 3.031
.847 1.208 1.700 2.139 2.770 3.862 5.085 6.685 8.085
1.354 1.800 2.416 2.977
1.000 2.077 3.162 4.493 5.993 7.531 9.12310.240
1.285 2.377 3.616 5.170 6.647 8.339
2.0082.7004.2545.5777.4089.23913.100
2.2163.0705.223
3.2004.716
594.50 914.30
78.44 118.80 208.40 318.30
88.94 126.80 178.50 224.60 290.90 405.50 533.90 701.90 848.90
142.17 189.00 253.70 312.60
105.00 218.10 332.00 471.80 629.30 790.80 957.901075.00
134.90 249.60 379.70 542.90 697.90 875.60
210.80 283.50 446.70 585.60 777.80 970.101375.00
232.70 322.40 548.40
336.00 495.20
73.61113.20
9.71 14.70 25.81 39.40
11.01 15.70 22.10 27.81 36.01 50.21 66.11 86.91105.10
17.60 23.40 31.41 38.70
13.00 27.00 41.11 58.41 77.91 97.90118.60133.10
16.70 30.90 47.01 67.21 86.41108.40
26.10 35.10 55.30 72.50 96.30120.10170.40
28.81 39.91 67.90
41.60 61.31
J-10
Bearing Bronze Tube HollowsC932 (SAE) 660)
Continuous CastStock Lengths: 13” and 105”
Copper RoundsC110 - Electrolytic Tough Pitch
Hard (H04) TemperStock Lengths: 12 Ft.
4-1/2 x
5 x
5-1/2 x
6 x
6-1/2 x 7 x
8 x
3/161/43/81/25/83/47/811-1/8 1-1/4
1-1/2 1-3/4 22-1/2 33-1/2 44-1/2 5
6-1/275-3/466-1/277-1/26-1/277-1/2877-1/2897-1/2899
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
WeightPer13”
WeightPer1”
Weightper Ft.in Lbs.
Weightper Ft.in Lbs.
WeightPer105”
6.323 8.039 2.770 3.462 5.108 6.916 8.754 3.770 5.585 7.370 9.516 4.139 6.000 7.97712.480 4.454 4.747 9.139 5.431
.1066 .1896 .4265 .75831.18501.70602.32203.03303.83904.7390
6.825 9.28912.13018.98027.30037.16048.53061.42075.830
663.90 844.10 290.90 363.50 536.30 726.10 919.17 395.90 586.40 773.90 999.20 434.60 630.00 837.601310.00 467.70 498.40 959.60 570.30
82.20104.50 36.01 45.01 66.40 89.91113.80 49.01 72.61 95.81123.71 53.81 78.00103.70162.20 57.90 61.71118.80 70.60
J-11
Copper SquaresC110 - Electrolytic Tough Pitch
Hard (H04) TemperStock Lengths: 12 Ft.
Copper Bus BarC110 - Electrolytic Tough Pitch
Hard (H04) TemperFull Rounded Edge and Square EdgeStock Lengths: 12 Ft.
1/8 x
3/16 x 1/4 x
3/8 x
1212122-1/2345611-1/223
456122-1/2345624234
1/23/411-1/2
22-1/23
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Size in
Inches
Weightper Ft.in Lbs.
Weightper Ft.in Lbs.
Weightper Ft.in Lbs.
Weightper Ft.in Lbs.
.75831.70603.03306.8250
.483 .966 .7251.449 .9661.9322.4152.8983.8644.8305.7961.4492.1742.8984.347
5.7967.2458.6941.9323.8644.8305.7967.7289.66011.5905.79611.5927.72811.59015.460
12.13018.96027.300
3/8 x
1/2 x
3/4 x
1 x
SECTION K
Data & Reference PageNominal Chemical Compositions Alloy Steel K-5 Aluminum K-13 Carbon Steel K-1 Copper & Copper Alloy K-15 Stainless Steel K-10
Mechanical Properties Alloy Steel K-21 Aluminum K-47 Carbon Steel K-21 Copper & Copper Alloys K-15 Stainless Steel K-39 Corrosion Resistance K-40
Standard Mfg. Tolerances Aluminum Bars K-97 Pipe K-98 Sheet & Pipe K-96 & K-99 Tread Plate K-98 Tube K-98 Carbon Steel Hot Rolled Shapes & Bars K-50 Cold Finished Bars K-55 Hot Rolled Alloy Bars K-57 Cold Finished Alloy Bars K-59 Plates K-27 Gauge Thickness Tolerances K-61 Hot Rolled Sheets K-62 Cold Rolled Sheets K-66 Galvanized Sheets K-70 Aluminized Sheet K-75 Hot Rolled Strip K-77 Tubing & Pipe K-79 Copper & Copper Alloy Bars K-101 Sheet & Strip K-103 Tubing K-104
Standard Mfg. Tolerances (cont.) Stainless Steel Plates K-89 Hot Rolled Bars K-90 Cold Rolled Bars K-91 Pipe K-92 Tubing K-93 Cold Rolled Strip K-94 Sheet K-95
Hardness Conversion Table K-105
Gauge to Decimal Table K-106
U.S. & Metric Equivalents K-108
Geometric Formulas K-111
Summary of Common ASTM Standards Sorted by ASTM Standard K-113 Sorted by Product, then ASTM Standard K-127
Glossary K-142
AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of
Carbon Steels
Standard Steels—NonresulphurizedAISINo.* C Mn.
PMax.
SMax.
SAENo.
1008M1008
1010M1010
1012M1012
15131015
M101510161017
M10171018151810191020
M10201021102215221023
M10231524 1025
M102515251026
0.10 max0.10 max0.08-0.130.07-0.140.10-0.150.09-0.160.10-0.160.13-0.180.12-0.190.13-0.180.15-0.200.14-0.210.15-0.200.15-0.210.15-0.200.18-0.230.17-0.240.18-0.230.18-0.230.18-0.240.20-0.250.19-0.270.19-0.250.22-0.280.20-0.300.23-0.290.22-0.28
0.30-0.500.25-0.600.30-0.600.25-0.600.30-0.600.25-0.601.10-1.400.30-0.600.25-0.600.60-0.900.30-0.600.25-0.600.60-0.901.10-1.400.70-1.000.30-0.600.25-0.600.60-0.900.70-1.001.10-1.400.30-0.600.25-0.601.35-1.65 0.30-0.600.25-0.600.80-1.100.60-0.90
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
1008 —
1010 —
1012 —
15131015 —
10161017 —
1018151810191020 —
1021102215221023 —
15241025 —
15251026
* Prefix M denotes merchant quality grades with wider carbon and man-ganese ranges that fit standard steels.
K-1
AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of
Carbon Steels
Standard Steels—Nonresulphurized
AISINo.* C Mn.
PMax.
SMax.
SAENo.
1526152710291030
M10311035153610371038103910401541104210431044
M10441045104615471548104910501551155210531055106015611566
0.22-0.290.22-0.290.25-0.310.28-0.340.26-0.360.32-0.380.30-0.370.32-0.380.35-0.420.37-0.440.37-0.440.36-0.440.40-0.470.40-0.470.43-0.500.40-0.500.43-0.500.43-0.500.43-0.510.44-0.520.46-0.530.48-0.550.45-0.560.47-0.550.48-0.550.50-0.600.55-0.650.55-0.650.60-0.71
1.10-1.401.20-1.500.60-0.900.60-0.900.25-1.600.60-0.901.20-1.500.70-1.000.60-0.900.70-1.000.60-0.901.35-1.650.60-0.900.70-1.000.30-0.600.25-0.600.60-0.900.70-1.001.35-1.651.10-1.400.60-0.900.60-0.900.85-1.15 1.20-1.500.70-1.000.60-0.900.60-0.900.75-1.050.85-1.15
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040 .040.040.040
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050
.050 .050.050.050
15261527 —
1030 —
1035153610371038103910401541104210431044 —
10451046154715481049155115511552 —
1055106015611566
* Prefix M denotes merchant quality grades with wider carbon and man-ganese ranges that fit standard steels.
K-2
K-3
AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of
Carbon Steels
Standard Steels—Nonresulphurized
AISINo.* C Mn.
PMax.
SMax.
SAENo.
1070 1572 1078 1080 1084 1090 1095
11091110 B1112B1113 1116 1117 1118 1119 1132 1137 1139 1140 1141 1144 114511461151
1211 1212 1213 12L141215
0.65-0.750.65-0.760.72-0.850.75-0.880.80-0.930.85-0.980.90-1.03
.08-.13
.08-.13.13 max..13 max..14-.20.14-.20.14-.20.14-.20.27-.34.32-.39.35-.43.37-.44.37-.45.40-.48.42-.49.42-.49.48-.55
.13 max.
.13 max.
.13 max.
.15 max.
.09 max.
0.60-0.901.00-1.300.30-0.600.60-0.900.60-0.900.60-0.900.30-0.50
0.60-0.900.30-0.600.70-1.000.70-1.001.10-1.401.00-1.301.30-1.601.00-1.301.35-1.651.35-1.651.35-1.650.70-1.001.35-1.651.35-1.650.70-1.000.70-1.000.70-1.00
0.60-0.700.70-1.000.70-1.000.85-1.150.75-1.05
.040.040.040.040.040.040.040
.040
.040.07-.12.07-.12
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.040
.07-.12
.07-.12
.07-.12
.04-.09
.04-.09
.050.050.050.050.050.050.050
.08-.13
.08-.13
.16-.23
.24-.33
.16-.23
.08-.13
.08-.13
.24-.33
.08-.13
.08-.13
.13-.20
.08-.13
.08-.13
.24-.33
.04-.07
.08-.13
.08-.13
.10-.15
.16-.23
.24-.33
.26-.35
.26-.35
1070157210781080108410901095
1109111011121113 —
111711181119113211371139114011411144114511461151
121112121213 — —
Standard Steels—Resulphurized
Standard Steels—Rephosphorized and Resulphurized
Prefix B denotes acid Bessemer steels.
When lead or copper are required, they are added elements to a standard steel. Lead is generally added in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 0.35%; identified by inserting the letter “L” between the second and third numbers (example, 12L14). Copper added in minimum of 0.20%.
K-4
AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of
Carbon Steels
Standard Steel Designation Silicon Ranges or Limits
When silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used for basic open hearth steel grades:
Nonresulphurized Up to 1015 Excl. ..................................................................0.10 max. 1015-1025 incl. ............................0.10 max., 0.10-0.20, or 0.15-0.30 Over 1025......................................................0.10-0.20 or 0.15-0.30Resulphurized Up to 1110 incl. ..................................................................0.10 max. 1116 and Over ............................0.10 max., 0.10/0.20, or 0.15/0.30
AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of
Standard Alloy Steels
Open Hearth and Electric FurnaceAISINo.*
C
Mn
NI Cr
Mo
Other Elements
SAENo.
Manganese Steels1330133513401345
4012402340244027402840374047
411841304137414041424145414741504161
.28-0.33
.33-0.38
.38-0.43
.43-0.48
.09--0.14.20-0.25.20-0.25.25-0.30.25-0.30.35-0.40.45-0.50
.18--0.23.28-0.33.35-0.40.38-0.43.40-0.45.43-0.48.45-0.50.48-0.53.56-0.64
1.60-1.901.60-1.901.60-1.901.60-1.90
0.75-1.000.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.90
0.70-0.900.40-0.600.70-0.900.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.00
————
———————
—————————
————
———————
0.40-0.600.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.70-0.90
————
.15-.25
.20-.30
.20-.30
.20-.30
.20-.30
.20-.30
.20-.30
.08-.15
.15-.25
.15-.25
.15-.25
.15-.25
.15-.25
.15-.25
.15-.25
.25-.35
a,ba,ba,ba,b
a,ba,bb,ca,bb,ca,ba,b
a,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,b
1330133513401345
4012402340244027402840374047
411841304137414041424145414741504161
Molybdenum Steels
Chromium—Molybdenum Steels
K-5
K-6
AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of
Standard Alloy Steels
Open Hearth and Electric FurnaceAISINo.*
C
Mn
NI Cr
Nickel—Chromium—Molybdenum Steels43204340
E4340
.17-0.22
.38-0.43
.38-0.43
0.45-0.650.60-0.800.65-0.85
1.65-2.001.65-2.001.65-2.00
0.40-0.600.70-0.900.70-0.90
.20-.30
.20-.30
.20-.30
a,ba,ba,b
43204340
E4340
Manganese 0.80%—Molybdenum 0.40% Steels
Nickel 1.75%—Molybdenum 0.25% Steels
Mo
Other Elements
SAENo.
Nickel 1.05%—Chromium 0.45%—Molybdenum 0.20% Steels
*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all other analyses are open hearth or oxygen process steels.(a) Phosphorus content for basic open hearth or oxygen process steels is 0.35%.(b) Silicon content is .20 to .35%.(c)Sulphur content is .035 to 0.50%.
Chromium Steels50155120513051325135514051455147515051555160
E51100E52100
.12-0.17
.17-0.22
.28-0.33
.30-0.35
.33-0.38
.38-0.43
.43-0.48
.46-0.51
.48-0.53
.51-0.59
.56-0.64
.98-1.10
.98-1.10
0.30-0.500.70-0.900.70-0.900.60-0.800.60-0.800.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.95 0.70-0.900.70-0.900.75-1.000.25-0.450.25-0.45
—————————————
0.30-0.500.70-0.900.80-1.100.75-1.000.80-1.050.70-0.900.70-0.900.85-1.15 0.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.90-1.151.30-1.65
—————————————
a,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,b
50155120513051325135514051455147515051555160
5110052100
Nickel 3.50%—Molybdenum 0.25% Steels
4419 .18-0.23 0.45-0.65 — — .45-.60 a,b 4419
a,ba,ba,b
481548174820
.13-0.18
.15-0.20
.18-0.23
0.40-0.600.40-0.600.50-0.70
3.25-3.753.25-3.753.25-3.75
———
.20-.30
.20-.30
.20-.30
481548174820
47184720
.16-0.21
.17-0.220.70-0.900.50-0.70
0.90-1.200.90-1.20
0.35-0.550.35-0.55
.30-.40
.15-.25a,ba,b
47184720
4615462046214626
.13-0.18
.17-0.22
.18-0.23
.24-0.29
0.45-0.650.45-0.650.70-0.900.45-0.65
1.65-2.001.65-2.001.65-2.000.70-1.00
————
.20-.30
.20-.30
.20-.30
.15-.25
a,ba,bb,ca,b
4615462046214626
K-7
AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of
Standard Alloy Steels
Open Hearth and Electric Furnace
AISINo.*
C
Mn
NI Cr
Chromium—Vanadium Steels61186150
861586178620862286258627863086378640864286458655872087408822
925492559260
.16-0.21
.48-0.53
.13-0.18
.15-0.20
.18-0.23
.20-0.25
.23-0.28
.25-0.30
.28-0.33
.35-0.40
.38-0.43
.40-0.45
.43-0.48
.51-0.59
.18-0.23
.38-0.43
.20-0.25
.51-0.59
.51-0.59
.56--0.64
0.50-0.700.70-0.90
0.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.70-0.900.75-1.00.075-1.00
0.60-0.800.70-0.950.70-1.00
——
0.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.70 0.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.70 0.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.70
———
0.50-0.700.80-1.10
0.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.60
0.60-0.80——
.10-.15 V.15 min.
V.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.20-.30.20-.30
.30-.40——
a,ba,b
a,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,b
—aa
61186150
861586178620862286258627863086378640864286458655872087408822
925492559260
Nickel 0.55%—Chromium 0.50%—Molybdenum 0.20%—0.30% Steels
Mo
Other Elements
SAENo.
Silicon—Manganese Steels (Silicon Content is 1.8 to 2.2%)
*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all other analyses are open hearth or oxygen process steels.(a) Phosphorus content for basic open hearth or oxygen process steels is .035%; for basic electric furnace steel, .025%; Sul phur content for basic open hearth or oxygen process steels is 040%; for basic electric furnace steel, .025%.(b) Silicon content is .20 to .35%.
K-8
NOTE: Phosphorus is 0.035% max., sulphur, 0.040% max.
Notes On Alloy SteelsNote 1: Grades shown with prefix letter E are normally made only by the ba-sic electric furnace process. All others are normally manufactured by the ba-sic open hearth or basic oxygen processes but may be manufactured by the basic electric furnace process with adjustments in phosphorus and sulphur.
Note 2: Phosphorus and sulphur limits for each process are:
Maximum Per Cent
Steel Making Process P S
Basic electric furnace 0.025 0.025Basic open hearth or basic oxygen 0.035 0.040Acid electric furnace 0.050 0.050Acid open hearth 0.050 0.050
Note 3: Minimum silicon for acid open hearth or acid electric furnace alloy steel is 0.15%.
Note 4: Small quantities of certain elements are present in alloy steels which are not specified or required. Elements considered incidental may be present to the following maximum amounts: copper, 0.35%; nickel, 0.25%; chromium, 0.20%; and molybdenum, 0.06%.
Note 5: Where minimum and maximum sulphur content is shown it is indica-tive of resulphurized steel.
Note 6: The chemical ranges and limits shown are subject to the check analysis tolerances.
Note 7: Standard alloy steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.015 to 0.35%. Such steels are identified by inserting the letter “L” between the sec-ond and third numerals of the AISI number (example: 41L40). Ladle analysis for lead is not determinable since lead is added to the ladle stream while ingot is poured.
AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of
Standard Boron Steels
Minimum Boron content of 0.0005% can be expected.AISINo.*
C
Mn
SI NI
50B4450B4650B5050B6051B6081B4594B17
.43-0.48
.44-0.49
.48-0.53
.48-0.53
.56-0.64
.43-0.48
.15-0.20
0.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.00
.20-.35
.20-.35
.20-.35
.20-.35
.20-.35
.20-.35
.20-.35
—————
.20-.40
.30-.60
.40-.60.20-.35 .40-.60 .40-.60.70-.90.35-.55.30-.50
—————
.08-.15
.08-.15
50B4450B4650B5050B6051B6081B4594B17
Cr
Mo
SAENo.
K-9
Chemical Composition ofAlloy Steel Plate
Open Hearth and Basic Oxygen
(For electric furnace Steel see note D)AISINo.*
C
Mn
NI Cr
413041404340615086158620
.27-0.34
.36-0.44
.36-0.44
.46-0.54
.12-0.18
.17-0.23
0.35-0.600.70-1.000.55-0.800.60-0.900.60-0.900.60-0.90
——
1.65-2.00—
.40-0.70
.40-0.70
0.80-1.150.80-1.150.60-0.900.80-1.150.35-0.600.35-0.60
.15-0.25
.15-0.25
.20-0.30 —
.15-0.25
.15-0.25
a,ba,ba,b
a,b,ca,ba,b
Mo
OtherElements
(a) Phosphorus content is 0.035% maximum, sulphur, 0.40%.(b) Silicon content is .15 to 0.30%. Ranges of 0.10%-0.20%, 0.20- 0.35%, and 0.35% maximum (when carbon deoxidized) when specified by the purchaser.(c) Vanadium content is 0.15% minimum.(d) When electric furnace steel is ordered, the carbon range is restricted to 0.01%, manganese 0.05%, chromium 0.05% up to 1.25%, incl., and 0.10% over 1.25%. The maximum phosphorus and sulphur is 0.025% each.
K-10
Chemical Composition ofStainless Steel
AISI
Carbon Chromium
Nickel
OtherElements
201
202
301302
302B303
303Se
304304L
305307308309
309S310314316
316L316F
317D319
321325329347
347F Se
348
403405410414
.15 Max.
.15 Max.
.15 Max.
.15 Max.
.15 Max.
.15 Max.
.15 Max.
.08 Max.
.03 Max.
.12 Max.
.15 Max.
.08 Max.
.20 Max.
.08 Max.
.25 Max.
.25 Max.
.08 Max.
.03 Max.
.10 Max.
.08 Max.
.07 Max.
.08 Max.
.25 Max.
.20 Max.
.08 Max.
.08 Max.
.08 Max.
.15 Max.
.08 Max.
.15 Max.
.15 Max.
16.00-18.00
17.00-19.00
16.00-18.0017.00-19.0017.00-19.0017.00-19.00
17.00-19.00
18.00-20.0018.00-20.0017.00-19.0019.00-22.0019.00-21.0022.00-24.0022.00-24.0024.00-26.0023.00-26.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.00
18.00-20.0017.50-19.5017.00-19.007.00-10.00
25.00-30.0017.00-19.00
17.00-19.00
17.00-19.00
11.50-13.0011.50-14.5011.50-13.5011.50-13.50
3.50- 5.50
4.00- 6.00
6.00- 8.008.00-10.008.00-10.008.00-10.00
8.00-10.00
8.00-10.008.00-10.00
10.00-13.00 9.00-10.5010.00-12.0012.00-15.0012.00-15.0019.00-22.00 19.00-22.0010.00-14.0010.00-14.0010.00-14.00
11.00-15.0011.00-15.009.00-12.00
19.00-23.003.00- 5.00
9.00-13.00
9.00-12.00
9.00-13.00
———
1.25- 2.50
Mn 5.50-7.50, P .060 Max., N .25 Max.
Mn 7.50-10.00, P .060 Max., N .25 Max.
——
Si 2.00-3.00P .20 Max., S .15 Min.,
Mo .60 Max.P .20 Max., S .06 Max., Se .15 Min.
———
Mn 3.75-4.75———
Si 1.50 Max.Si 1.50-3.00Mo 2.00-3.00Mo 2.00-3.00
P or S .07 Min.Mo 1.75-2.50Mo 3.00-4.00 Mo 2.25-3.00Ti 5 x C Min.
—Mo 1.50-2.50Cb + Ta 10 x
C Min.Cb + Ta 10 xC Min. + SeCb + Ta 10 x
C Min., Ta .10 Max., Co .20 Max.Si .50 Max.Al .10-.30
——
Mn. 1.25 Max., P .06 Max.,S .15 Min.,
Mo .60 Max.
K-11
Chemical Composition ofStainless Steel
AISI Carbon
Chromium
Nickel
OtherElements
416F
416 Se
420420F
420F Se
430 430 Ti 430F
431440A440B440C440F
440F Se442446
12-2W16-18
17-10 P17-14 Cu Mo
21-6-9
22-4-9
PH 14-4 Mo
.08 Max.
.15 Max.
Over .15Over .15
Over .15
.12 Max.
.12 Max.
.12 Max.
.20 Max..60-.75.75-.95.95-1.20.95-1.20
.95-1.20.25 Max..20 Max.
.20 Max.
.08 Max.
.15 Max.
.15 Max.
.08 Max.
.45-.60
.07 Max.
13.50-15.00
12.00-14.00
12.00-14.0012.00-14.00
12.00-14.00
14.00-18.0014.00-18.0014.00-18.00
15.00-17.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.00
16.00-18.0018.00-23.0023.00-27.00
12.00-14.0015.00-17.00
16.00-18.0015.00-17.00
19.00-21.50
20.00-23.00
13.00-15.00
—
—
——
—
— — —
1.25- 2.50————
———
1.75-2.2517.00-20.00
9.50-12.0012.50-15.50
5.50- 7.50
3.00-5.00
3.00-5.00
Mn 1.00 Max., P. .05 Max., S .35 Min.,
Mo .60 Max.Mn 1.25 Max.,
P .06 Max., S .06 Max.,Se .15 Min.
—P or S .07
Min., Zr or Mo .60 Max.
P or Se .07 Min., Zr or Mo
.60 Max.—
Ti 6 x C Min.Mn 1.25 Max.,
P .06 Max., S .15 Min.,
Mo .60 Max. —
Mo .75 Max.Mo .75 Max.Mo .40-.60P or S .05
Min., Zr or Mo .60 Max.
P or Se .07 Min.—
Mn 1.50 Max.N .25 Max.
W 2.50-3.50Mn 2.00 Max., P .040 Max.
P .20-.40Mo 2.00-3.00,Cu 2.25-4.25,Cb + Ta 1.00
Max., Ti .60 MaxMn 8.00-10.00,
P .06 Max.,N .15-.40
Mn 7.00-10.00, S .12 Max.,N .30-.50,
P .045 Max.Cu 3.00-4.00, P .040 Max.,
Mn 1.00 Max., Mo 1.75-2.75,
Cb + Ta .10-.40
K-12
Chemical Composition ofStainless Steel
AISI Carbon
Chromium
Nickle
OtherElements
Ph 15-7 Mo
W PH 15-7 Mo
17-4 PH
W17-4 PH
17-7 PH
W 17-7 PH
.09 Max.
.09 Max.
.07 Max.
.06 Max.
.09 Max.
.09 Max.
14.00-16.00
14.00-15.25
15.50-17.50
16.25-17.50
16.00-18.00
16.00-17.25
6.50-7.75
6.50-7.75
3.00-5.00
4.25-5.25
6.50-7.75
6.50-7.75
Mo 2.00-3.00, Mn 1.00 Max.,
Al .75-1.50Mo 2.00-2.75,
Al .75-1.25, P .025 Max.,S .025 Max.
Cu 3.00-5.00, Mn 1.00 Max.,
Cb + Ta .15-.45Cu 3.00-4.00,
Si .75 Max., Cb + Ta .10-.35
Mn 1.00 Max., Al .75-1.50Al .75-1.25,
P .025 Max., Si .50 Max., S .025 Max.
Unless otherwise showManganese—2.00 Maximum, all 300 types1.00 Maximum, all 400 types
Silicon—1.00 Maximum, all typesSulphur—0.30 Maximum, all types
Phosphorus—.45 Maximum, all 300 types.040 Maximum, all 400 types
K-13
Che
mic
al C
ompo
sitio
n of
Alu
min
um
Max
imum
Che
mic
al C
ompo
sitio
n (in
Per
cent
)
Allo
ySi
FeC
uM
nM
gC
rZn
TiO
ther
sEa
ch
Tota
lA
l
1100
2011
2014
2017
2024
2024
Alc
lad
2219
3003
3003
Alc
lad
3004
3004
Alc
lad
4043
1.0
0.40
.50-
1.2
0.8
0.50
0.20 0.6
0.30
4.5-
6.0
Si+
Fe0.
70.
70.
70.
50
0.30 0.7
0.7
0.8
.05-
2.0
5.0-
6.0
3.9-
5.0
3.5-
4.5
3.8-
4.9
5.8-
6.8
0.05
-0.2
0
0.25
0.30
0.05 -
.40-
1.2
.40-
1.0
.30-
0.9
.20-
.40
1.0-
1.5
1.0-
1.5
0.05
- -.2
0-0.
8.4
0-0.
81.
2-1.
8
0.02 -
0.8-
1.3
0.05
- -0.
100.
100.
10 - - - -
0.10
0.30
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.10
0.10
0.25
0.10
- -0.
15 -
.02-
.10
- - 0.2
0.05
0.05
a0.
050.
050.
05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
99.0
0R
emai
nder
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
er
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
er
Rem
aind
er
Sam
e as
202
4 al
loy,
exc
ept c
lad
both
sid
es w
ith 1
230
allo
y.
Sam
e as
300
3 al
loy,
exc
ept c
lad
both
sid
es w
ith 7
027
allo
y.
Sam
e as
300
4 al
loy,
exc
ept c
lad
both
sid
es w
ith 7
072
allo
y.
(a) A
lso
cont
ains
0.2
0-0.
6% e
ach
of le
ad a
nd b
ism
uth.
EC
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....9
9.45
K-14
Che
mic
al C
ompo
sitio
n of
Alu
min
umM
axim
um C
hem
ical
Com
posi
tion
(in P
erce
nt)
Allo
ySi
FeC
uM
nM
gC
rZn
TiO
ther
sEa
ch
T
otal
Al
4343
5050
5052
5083
5086
5154
5252
5454
5456
6061
6061
Alc
lad
6063
6262
7072
7075
7075
Alc
lad
7178
6.8-
8.2
0.40
0.45
0.40
0.40
0.45
0.08
0.40
0.40
0.40
-0.8
.20-
0.6
.40-
0.8
0.7
0.40
0.40
0.8
0.7
Si+
Fe0.
400.
50S
i+Fe
0.10
Si+
FeS
i+Fe
0.7
0.35 0.7
Si+
Fe0.
5
0.50
0.25
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
.15-
.40
0.10
.15-
.40
0.10
1.2-
2.0
1.6-
2.4
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.30
-1.0
0.20
-0.7
0.10
0.10
.50-
1.0
.50-
1.0
0.15
0.10
0.15
0.10
0.30
0.30
-1.
0-1.
82.
2-2.
84.
0-4.
93.
5-4.
53.
1-3.
92.
2-2.
82.
4-3.
04.
7-5.
50.
8-1.
2
.45-
0.9
0.8-
1.2
0.10
2.1-
2.9
2.4-
3.1
- .10
.15-
.35
.05-
.25
.05-
.25
.15-
.35
-0.
5-.2
0.0
5-.2
0.0
4-.3
5
.10
.04-
.14
-.1
8-.3
5
.18-
.35
0.20
0.25
0.10
0.25
0.25
0.20 -
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.10
0.25
0.8-
1.3
5.1-
6.1
6.3-
7.3
- - -0.
150.
150.
20 -0.
200.
200.
15
0.10
0.15 -
0.20
0.20
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
b0.
050.
05
0.05
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.10
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
erR
emai
nder
Rem
aind
er
Sam
e as
606
1 al
loy,
exc
ept c
lad
both
sid
es w
ith 7
072
allo
y.
Sam
e as
707
5 al
loy,
exc
ept c
lad
both
sid
es w
ith 7
072
allo
y.
(b) A
lso
cont
ains
0.4
0-.0
7% e
ach
of le
ad a
nd b
ism
uth.
K-15
Cop
per a
nd C
oppe
r Allo
y Pr
oduc
ts
Nom
inal
Che
mic
al a
nd T
ypic
al M
echa
nica
l Pro
pert
ies
Cop
per
Allo
yU
NS
Num
ber
Des
crip
tion
Tem
per
CO
MPO
SITI
ON
%M
ECH
AN
ICA
LPH
YSIC
AL
Copp
er Z
inc
Lea
d T
in N
icke
l O
ther
sTe
nsile
Stren
gthks
i†
Yield
Stren
gthks
i†
Elonga
tionin
2” %
Rock
well
Hardn
ess
Meltin
gPo
int °F
Electr
ical
Cond
uctiv
ity(A
nnea
led)%
Mach
inabil
ityRa
ting
%*R
OD
(1.0
0” D
ia.)
* FC
Bra
ss =
100
%†
1 ks
i = 1
000
psi
100
145
147
182
314
316
353
360
464
485
544
624
C11
000
C14
500
C14
700
C18
200
C31
400
C31
600
C35
300
C36
000
C46
400
C48
500
C54
400
C62
400
Cop
per
Tellu
rium
Cop
per
Sul
fur C
oope
r (O
FCH
)C
hrom
ium
Cop
per
Com
mer
cial
Bro
nze
Com
mer
cial
Bro
nze
Flan
ging
Bra
ssFr
ee C
uttin
g B
rass
Nav
al B
rass
(N
onle
aded
)N
aval
Bra
ss (L
eade
d)
Pho
spho
rus
Bro
nze
(FC
)A
lum
inum
Bro
nze
1/8H
Har
d1/
2HH
ard
1/2H -
Ben
ding
1/2H
Ben
ding
1/4H
1/2H
Har
d1/
2H
Har
d-
99.
9+ “99
.5 “
99.6
98.5
89.0
89.0 “
62.0
61.5
60.0
60.0
88.0
85.5
- - - - - - 9.1
8.1 ”
35.5
35.5
39.2
37.5
4.0 -
- - - - - - 1.9
1.9 ” 2.5
3.0 - 1.8
4.0 -
- - - - - - - - - - - 0.8
0.7
4.0 -
- - - - - - - 1.0 “ - - - - - -
- -Te
.55
“S
.40
Cr 1
.0- - - - - - - -
Fe 3
.5A
l 10.
5
32.0
48.0
42.0
48.0
43.0
72.0
45.0
65.0
45.0
54.0
58.0
88.0
75.0
68.0
105.
0
10.0
44.0
40.0
44.0
40.0
65.0
28.0
57.0
27.5
40.0
45.0
66.0
53.0
57.0
52.0
55 16 25 20 20 18 22 15 20 20 25 18 15 20 14
F40
B47
B42
B48
B43
B80 -
B70 -
B70
B78
B95
B82
B80
B92
1981 “
1967 “
1969
1967
1900
1900 “
1660
1650
1650
1650
1830
1900
101 “ 93 “ 95 80 42 32 “ 26 26 26 26 19 12
20 “ 85 “ 85 20 80 80 “ 90 100
30 70 80 50
K-16
Cop
per a
nd C
oppe
r Allo
y Pr
oduc
ts
Nom
inal
Che
mic
al a
nd T
ypic
al M
echa
nica
l Pro
pert
ies
Cop
per
Allo
yU
NS
Num
ber
Des
crip
tion
Tem
per
CO
MPO
SITI
ON
%M
ECH
AN
ICA
LPH
YSIC
AL
Copp
er Z
inc
Lea
d T
in N
icke
l O
ther
sTe
nsile
Stren
gthks
i†
Yield
Stren
gthks
i†
Elonga
tionin
2” %
Rock
well
Hardn
ess
Meltin
gPo
int °F
Electr
ical
Cond
uctiv
ity(A
nnea
led)%
Mach
inabil
ityRa
ting
%*R
OD
(1.0
0” D
ia.)
630
642
792
932
Nic
kel-A
lum
inum
Bro
nze
Alu
min
um S
ilico
n
B
ronz
e
Nic
kel S
ilver
(Lea
ded)
Bro
nze
Bus
hing
C63
000
C64
200
C79
200
C93
200
HR
50
HR
50
Har
d-
81.0
91.2
61.5
83.0
- -
25.5
3.0
- - 1.0
7.0
- - - 7.0
5.0 -
12.0 -
Fe 2
.5A
l10.
0
Si 1
.8A
l 7.0 - -
118.
0
102.
0
82.0
44.0
75.0
68.0
70.0
24.0
15 12 16 18
B98
B94
B84 F76
1930
1840
1810
1790
9 8 8 12
30 60 60 70
SH
EE
T (.0
40”
Thic
k)C
oppe
r
(DH
P) C
oppe
rRoofingCooper
Com
mer
cial
Bro
nze
Red
Bra
ss
Sof
t1/
8-1/
4H1/
2H
1/8-
1/4H
Sof
t1/
8H
Sof
t1/
4H1/
2HS
oft
110
122
220
230
C11
000
C12
200
C22
000
C23
000
- - - - - -
10.0 “ -
15.0
99.9
+“ “
99.9
+99
.9+
“
90.0 “ “
85.0
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - -
P .0
2- - - - - -
32.0
37.0
42.0
38.0
34.0
36.0
37.0
47.0
52.0
40.0
10.0
29.0
36.0
30.0
11.0
28.0
10.0
37.0
45.0
12.0
45 27 14 25 45 30 45 25 11 47
F40
F69
B40 F70
F45
F60
F53
B47
B58 F59
1981 “ “
1981
1981 “
1910 “ “
1880
101 “ “ 85 98 “ 44 “ “ 37
22 “ “ 20 20 20 “ “ 30
Cop
per a
nd C
oppe
r Allo
y Pr
oduc
ts
Nom
inal
Che
mic
al a
nd T
ypic
al M
echa
nica
l Pro
pert
ies
Cop
per
Allo
yU
NS
Num
ber
Des
crip
tion
Tem
per
CO
MPO
SITI
ON
%M
ECH
AN
ICA
LPH
YSIC
AL
Copp
er Z
inc
Lea
d T
in N
icke
l O
ther
sTe
nsile
Stren
gthks
i†
Yield
Stren
gthks
i†
Elonga
tionin
2” %
Rock
well
Hardn
ess
Meltin
gPo
int °F
Electr
ical
Cond
uctiv
ity(A
nnea
led)%
Mach
inabil
ityRa
ting
%*S
HE
ET
(.040
” Th
ick)
260
208
353
464
510
614
752
C26
000
C28
000
C35
300
C46
400
C51
000
” C61
400
C75
200
30 “ “ “ “ 40 90 30 20 “ 20 20
K-17
Bra
ss
Mun
tz M
etal
Lead
ed B
rass
Nav
al B
rass
Pho
spho
r Bro
nze
” Alu
min
um B
ronz
e**
Nic
kel S
ilver
Sof
t1/
4H1/
2H3/
4HH
ard
Spr
ing
CR
1/2H
1/2H
Ext
ra/H
Spr
ing
Sof
t
Sof
t
70.0 “ “ “ “ “
60.0
61.5
60.0
94.8 “
91.0
65.0
30.0 “ “ “ “ “
40.0
36.7
39.2
5
- - -
17.0
- - - - - - - 1.8 - - - - -
- - - - - - - -0.
75 5.0 “ - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
18.0
- - - - - - - - -
P .2
0“
Fe 2
.0A
l 7.0 -
47.0
54.0
62.0
69.0
76.0
94.0
60.0
61.0
62.0
92.0
100.
0
78.0
58.0
15.0
40.0
52.0
57.0
63.0
65.0
35.0
50.0
41.0
80.0
80.0
35.0
25.0
62 43 25 15 8 3 30 20 42 6 4 42 45
F64
B55
B70
B70
B82
B91
B55
B70
B60
B93
B95
B80
B40
1750 “ “ “ “
1660
1670
1650
1920 “
1915
2030
28 “ “ “ “ 28 26 26 15 “ 14 6
* FC
Bra
ss =
100
%**
Bas
ed o
n 1/
8Ӡ
1 ks
i = 1
000
psi
K-18
Cop
per a
nd C
oppe
r Allo
y Pr
oduc
ts
Nom
inal
Che
mic
al a
nd T
ypic
al M
echa
nica
l Pro
pert
ies
Cop
per
Allo
yU
NS
Num
ber
Des
crip
tion
Tem
per
CO
MPO
SITI
ON
%M
ECH
AN
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LPH
YSIC
AL
Copp
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inc
Lea
d T
in N
icke
l O
ther
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nsile
Stren
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i†
Yield
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Elonga
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well
Hardn
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int °F
Electr
ical
Cond
uctiv
ity(A
nnea
led)%
Mach
inabil
ityRa
ting
%*
PLA
TE (1
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Thi
ck)
110
122
280
353
464
614
C11
000
C12
200
C28
000
C35
300
C46
400
C61
400
Cop
per
(DH
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oppe
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tz M
etal
Lead
ed B
rass
Nav
al B
rass
Alu
min
um B
ronz
e**
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t1/
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Sof
t
99.9
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+
60 61.5
60.0
91.0
- - -
40.0
36.7
39.2
5-
- - - - 1.8 - -
- - - - -
0.75 -
- - - - - - -
- -P
.02
- - -Fe
2.0
Al 7
.0
32.0
38.0
32.0
60.0
61.0
55.0
78.0
10.0
30.0
10.0
35.0
50.0
25.0
35.0
50 25 50 30 20 50 42
F40
F70
F40
B55
B70
B55
B80
1981 “
1981
1660
1670
1650
1915
101 “ 85 28 26 26 14
20 “ 20 40 90 30 20
TUB
E (1
.00”
OD
X .0
65 W
all)
122
272
330
932
954
(DH
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oppe
r
Bra
ssB
rass
Bro
nze
Bus
hing
†
Alu
min
um B
ronz
e
Sof
tH
ard
DG
P
DG
PD
GP - -
C12
200
C27
200
C33
000
C93
200
C95
400
99.9
+“ “
63.0
66.0
83.0
85.5
- - -
37.0
33.5
3.0 -
- - - - 0.5
7.0 -
- - - - - 7.0 -
- - - - - - -
P .0
2“ “ - - -
Fe 3
.5A
l 10.
5
20 “ “ 40 60 70 60
85 “ “ 26 26 12 14
1981 “ “
1690
1720
1790
1900
32.0
60.0
40.0
54.0
min
.54
.0m
in.
44.0
105.
0
F40
B63 F77
53.0
min
.30T
53.0
min
.30T
F76
B90
10.0
50.0
32.0 - -
24.0
40.0
40 10 25 - - 18 18
*FC
Brass=100%**●B
asedon1/8”●††1ksi=1000psi●†B
asedon7/8”ID
x1-3/8OD●D
GP=DrawnGeneralPurpose
K-19
Cop
per a
nd C
oppe
r Allo
y Pr
oduc
ts
Nom
inal
Che
mic
al a
nd T
ypic
al M
echa
nica
l Pro
pert
ies
Cop
per
Allo
yU
NS
Num
ber
Des
crip
tion
Tem
per
CO
MPO
SITI
ON
%M
ECH
AN
ICA
LPH
YSIC
AL
Copp
er Z
inc
Lea
d T
in N
icke
l O
ther
sTe
nsile
Stren
gthks
i†
Yield
Stren
gthks
i†
Elonga
tionin
2” %
Rock
well
Hardn
ess
Meltin
gPo
int °F
Electr
ical
Cond
uctiv
ity(A
nnea
led)%
Mach
inabil
ityRa
ting
%*
PIP
E (3
/4”
SP
S)
122
230
C12
200
C23
000
(DH
P) C
oppe
rR
ed B
rass
Har
dD
GP
99.9
+85
.0-
15.0
- -- -
- -P
.20
-55
.050
.050
.040
.012 30
B55
B55
1981
1880
85 37
* FC
Bra
ss =
100
%**
Elo
ngat
ion
in 1
0Ӡ
Bas
ed o
n 3.
125
OD
20 30
K-20
50 60 60 60 60 30 “
12 14 14 14 14 9 “
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1930
“
B92
B89
B89
B89
B89
B98
B97
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
52.
0
36.
0
36.
0
36.
0
36.
0
75.
0 5
7.0
105.
0
90.
0
90.
0
90.
0
90.
0
118.
010
8.0
- - - - - -
- - - - - 5.0 “
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.0
“
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
“
- - - - - -
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
80.0
“
HR
50 - - - -
HR
50
TQ50
†
Ext
. Rod
Cas
t Rod
Cas
t Sq
Cas
t Rec
t
Cas
t Tub
e
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und
er
Ove
r 3”
C62
400
C95
400
C95
400
C95
400
C95
400
C63
000
624
954
954
954
954
630
18 18 18
18 18 45
Cop
per a
nd C
oppe
r Allo
y Pr
oduc
ts
Nom
inal
Che
mic
al a
nd T
ypic
al M
echa
nica
l Pro
pert
ies
Cop
per
Allo
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NS
Num
ber
Des
crip
tion
Tem
per
CO
MPO
SITI
ON
%PH
YSIC
AL
Copp
er Z
inc
Iron
Alu
m N
icke
l Ch
rom
ium
Tens
ileSt
rength
ksi†
Yield
Stren
gthks
i†
Elonga
tionin
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Rock
-we
llHa
rd-
Meltin
gPo
int °F
Electr
ical
Cond
uctiv
ity(A
nnea
led)%
Mach
inabil
ityRa
ting
%*
AM
PC
O (1
.00”
Dia
.)
Am
pco
Allo
y
WIR
E (0
.80”
Dia
.)C
oppe
rB
rass
C11
000
C26
000
110
260
- -- - - -
35.0
52.0
70.0
130.
0
- - - -
-30
.0 ”
99.9
+70
.0 “ “
Sof
tS
oft
1/2H
Spr
ing
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
35**
58 20 3
20 30 ” ”
101
28 ” ”
1981
1760 ” ”
* FC
Bra
ss =
100
%**
Elo
ngat
ion
in 1
0Ӡ
Bas
ed o
n 3.
125
OD
K-21
Mechanical Properties Of Steel The mechanical properties shown below are for general information purposes and are for steels in the as-rolled condition except where noted.
Estimated minimum values for hot rolled and cold drawn carbon steel bars can normally be expected in sizes ranging from 3/4” to 1-1/4”, and are based on standard tensile test specimens with 2 inch gauge lengths per ASTM-E8. Yield strength values shown for the quenched and tempered condition are determined by the .2% offset method per ASTM-E8.
Case Hardening or Low Carbon Bars
AISI No. Or Trade
Name
Condition of
Steel
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
KSI
% Elong. in 2”
% Red. of
Area
Hardness Br. R
Machin- abiity Rating
(C1212=100)
Hot R’d.
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.
Cold Dr.
Hot R’d.
TG&P
Cold Dr.
Cold Dr.
Cold Dr.
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.Hot R’d.Cold Dr.
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.
Hot R’d.
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.
Hot R’d.
55
5864
64
55
58
78
78
78
6269
6269
91103
8498
8299
85101
82
89102
72
Medium Carbon/Direct Hardening Bars
M1020
1018
10L18
1020
1025
12L14
12L14+Te
1215
1117
11L17
86L20
E4320
4615-17
4620 E4620
C8615/8617
8620
1035
30
3254
54
30
32
60
60
60
3458
3458
6686
6181
6284.6
6385
60
6585
39.5
25
2515
15
25
25
10
10
10
2315
2315
2523
2918
2819
2822
31
2522
18
50
5040
40
50
50
35
35
35
4740
4740
6458
5854
6561
6460
62
6358
40
111
116126
126
111
116
163
163
163
121137
121137
187212
163207
183207
183207
149
192212
143
B72
B79B85
B85
B79
B79
B86
B85
B83
B78B87
B78B89
B90C16
B85B94
B90B95
B90C15
B81
B90C16
B90
50
5270
80
52
50
180
250
136
9090
100125
8892
5560
5864
5864
70
6063
65
K-22
Medium Carbon/Direct Hardening Bars
AISI No. Or Trade
Name
Condition of
Steel
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
KSI
% Elong. in 2”
% Red. of
Area
Hardness Br. R
Machin- abiity Rating
(C1212=100)
Hot R’d.
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.
TG&P
Cold Dr.
Hot R’d.Cold Dr.
TG&P
Drawn, G&P
Hot R’d. Cold Dr.
Hot R’d.Cold Dr.
*Hot R’d. *Cold Dr.
*Hot R’d. *Cold Dr.
*Hot R’d.
*Hot R’d. *Cold Dr.
*Hot R’d. *Cold Dr.
*Hot R’d.
*Hot R’d. *Cold Dr.
*Hot R’d.
*Cold Dr.
80
8291
82
88
94105
94
105
94105
97108
8698
89102
100
91103
103112
103
101111
91
107
M1044
1045
1045
1137
1141
1141
1141
11L41
1144
E4130
4140
4147-50
41L40-42
41L47/50 Rounds
4150 Mod. RSSqs.Flats
4340C4340
E6150
E8740
44
4577
45
48
51.588
51.5
88
51.588
5390
5687
6290
66
6393
6995
69
6999
58
96
16
1612
16
15
1510
15
10
1510
1510
2921
2618
21
2719
2316
23
2116
22
17
40
4035
40
35
3530
35
30
3530
3530
5752
5850
51
5851
5143
51
4542
53
48
-
163179
163
179
187212
187
212
187212
197217
183201
187223
197
187223
212223
212
207223
183
223
-
C16C15
C16
C15
B95C19
B95
C19
B95C19
B95C22
B90B94
B91C19
B93
B91C19
C16C19
C16
C15C19
B90
C19
65
5665
56
70
6570
65
70
95100
6480
6570
5766
54
8790
8085
73
4555
50
66
Mechanical Properties Of Steel
*Annealed
K-23
High Carbon/Direct Hardening Bars
AISI No. Or Trade
Name
Condition of
Steel
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
KSI
% Elong. in 2”
% Red. of
Area
Hardness Br. R
Machin- abiity Rating
(C1212=100)
Hot R’d. 1201095 66 10 25 248 C28 -
Mechanical Properties Of Steel
*Annealed Indicates minimum aim properties.
Heat Treated Bars/Minimum PropertiesProperties are at center of bars up to 1-1/2”, and at half radius of bars over 1-1/2”. Yield strength-0.2% offset per ASTM-E8.
Trade Name or
Type
Condition of
Steel
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
KSI
% Elong. in 2”
% Red. of
Area
Hardness Br. R
Machin- abiity Rating
(C1212=100)
ASTM A182Gr. F11
ASTM A193Gr. B7
ASTM A193Gr. B16
Mil-S-1222Gr. B7
Stress-Proof
Fatigue-Proof
e.t.d 150
41L40/50H.T.
4150Mod. RSH.T.
4150Mod RSH.T.
Hot Rolled
Hot Rolled & Cold Finished2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-4”Hot RolledOver 4”-7”
Hot Rolled & Cold Finished2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-3”Over 3”-5”Over 5”-7”
Hot Rolled2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-4”Over 5”-7”
Cold Dr.
Dr. at ele-vated temp.
Dr. at ele-vated temp.
Hot Rolled & Cold Finished4” & underHot RolledOver 4”-8”Over 8”-10”10-1/8” - 13-1/4”
H.R. Square2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-4”H.R. Flats
H.R. RoundsThru 1-1/21-5/8-33-1/8-66-1/8-88-1/8-12
70
125115
100
125120110100
125115100
125
140
150
125
125125
-
140135135
130125120115110
‡
‡
40
10595
75
1051059585
1059575
100
125
130
100
100100
-
120110105
110105958580
‡
20
1616
18
18181716
161618
10
10
15
15
1515 -
151517.5
1616161615
‡
‡
‡
30
5050
50
50504545
505050
30
23
35
45
4545 -
504551.9
5050454545
‡
‡
‡
‡
182/192
269/321269/321
269/321
255/302302 Max.293 Max.293 Max.
269/321269/321269/321
269
-
302
269/321
269/321269/321269/321
341 Max.341 Max.241-302
262/311262/311262/311262/311262/321
-
27/3427/34
27/34
25/3030 Max.29 Max.29 Max.
---
23/27
30
C32
27/34
27/3427/3527/35
32/3729/3722/32
-
5555
55
50505050
---
83
80
-
70
707070
626262
6262626262
‡
K-24
Heat Treated Bars, Continued
Condition of
Steel
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
KSI
% Elong. in 2”
% Red. of
Area
Hardness Br. R
Machin- abiity Rating
(C1212=100)
Mechanical Properties Of Steel
4120/42
4150
4340
Nitralloy135 Mod.
Hot Rolled & Cold Finished2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-4”Over 4”-7”
Hot Rolled1-1/2” & underOver 1-1/2”-2-15/16”3”-5-15/16”6”-8”8-1/4”-9-1/2”
Hot Rolled8” & under
Hot Rolled3” & less
125115110
140
135130125120
140
120120
1059585
120
1151059590
120
8585
505045
45
45454040
42
5040
269/321269/321269/321
285/341
285/341285/341285/341285/341
302/363
311 Max.311 Max.
27/3427/3427/34
29/36
29/3629/3629/3629/36
32/39
--
555555
55
55555555
52
5050
Trade Name or
Type
505045
45
45454040
42
5040
Plates Typical PropertiesProperties shown for annealed and as rolled alloy plate are based on single test results. They will vary considerably dependent on thickness.
Trade Name or
TypeCondition of Steel
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
KSI
% Elong. in 2”
% Elong. in 8”
Approximate Brinell
HardnessGeneral Purpose101510201025
Structural Quality CarbonASTM A283, ASME SA283Grade C
ASTM A36, ASME SA36
INX 50, EX-TEN 50ASTM A572 (50)
Cor-Ten AASTM A242
Cor-Ten BASTM A588 (A)
ASTM A656 Gr. 50
ASTM A656 Gr. 80
Structural Quality AlloyT-1 Type AASTM A514 Gr. B
T-1 Type BASTM A514 Gr. H
As RolledAs RolledAs Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
Q&T
Q&T
505870
55 to 60
58 to 80
65 Min.
70 Min.
70 Min.
60 Min.
95 Min.
110 to 130
110 to 130
293234
30 Min.
36 Min.
50 Min.
50 Min.
50 Min.
50 Min.
80 Min.
100 Min.
100 Min.
---
25
23
21
-
19
-
18
16
16
---
22
20
18
16
16
20
12
-
-
133143156
133
137
143
156
156
123/159
212/255
235/293
235/293
K-25
Trade Name or
TypeCondition of Steel
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
KSI
% Elong. in 2”
% Elong. in 8”
Approximate Brinell
Hardness
T-1ASTM A514 Gr. F
T-1 Type CASTM A514 Gr. Q
PRESSURE VESSEL QUALITYCARBONASTM A285 ASME SA285Grade C
ASTM A515, ASME SA515Grade 55
ASTM A515, ASME SA 515Grade 70
ASTM A516, ASME SA515Grade 70
PRESSURE VESSEL QUALITYALLOYT-1 PVQASTM A517, ASME SA517Grade F
ASTM A387, ASME SA387Grade II
ASTM A387, ASME SA387Grade 22
INTERMEDIATE CARBONAISI 1045
AISI 1060 FH 62
FH 62 Fineline
IMPROVED MACHING CARBONE-Z Cut 20
Clean Cut 20
E-Z Cut 45
Clean Cut 45
IMPROVED MACHINING ALLOYClean Cut 4142
Clean Cut 4150
Clean Cut 8620
ABRASION RESISTINGAR Carbon
T-1 Type A
AR 400
AR 500
CASE HARDENING8617 MTS
8620
Q&T
Q&T
As Rolled
Q&T
Ann.
N&T
As Rolled
Ann.
Spher. Ann
As Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
As Rolled
Norm &Temp
Norm & Temp
As Rolled
As Rolled
Q&T
Q&T
Q&T
100 to 130
100 to 130
55 to 75
55 to 75
70 to 90
70 to 90
115 to 135
60 to 85
75 to 100
90
91
90
67
70
92
90
-
-
78
-
-
-
-
78
78
100 Min.
90 Min.
30 Min.
30 Min.
38 Min.
38 Min.
100 Min.
35 Min.
45 Min.
50
52
50
38
45
45
45
-
-
52
-
-
-
-
52
52
16
14
27
27
21
21
16
22
18
-
22
-
31
30
20
-
-
-
25
-
-
-
-
25
25
-
-
23
23
17
17
-
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
235/293
253/293
137
137
163
163
235/293
135/174
149/207
187
179
187
133
163
187
187
262/321
262/321
-
212/255
321 Min,
400 Min,
477 Min.
179
179
Mechanical Properties Of Steel Plates Typical Properties
K-26
Trade Name or
TypeCondition of Steel
Tensile Strength
KSI
Yield Strength
KSI
% Elong. in 2”
% Elong. in 8”
Approximate Brinell
Hardness
THROUGH HARDENING4130
4140 MTS
4340 MTS
4340 Fineline
E6150
E4150 MTS
AIRCRAFT QUALITYE4130 AQ
E4130 AQ
E4340 AQAMS 63590
PRE-HARDENED ALLOYS4142
E4150
As Rolled
Annealed
Annealed
Norm & Temp
Annealed
Norm & Temp
Annealed
Normalized
Annealed
Norm & Temp
Norm & Temp
90
95
100
-
97
145
85 Max.
90 to 89 Min.
-
-
-
52
54
58
-
55
115
-
70 to 75 Min
-
-
-
28
25
21
-
23
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
179
197
229
262/321
197
262/321
-
197
235
262/321
262/321
Mechanical Properties Of Steel Plates Typical Properties
K-27
Spec
ified
Th
ickn
esse
s In
Inch
es
48
and
unde
r
Ove
r 48
to
60,
excl
.
60
to
72,
excl
.
72
to
84,
excl
.
84
to
96,
excl
.
96 to
108,
ex
cl.
108
to
120,
ex
cl.
120
to 132,
ex
cl.
132
to 144,
ex
cl.
144
to 168,
ex
cl.
168
and
over
*The
term
lot m
eans
all
the
plat
es o
f eac
h ta
bula
r wid
th a
nd th
ickn
ess
grou
p re
pres
ente
d in
eac
h sh
ipm
ent.
**Normanweightinpoundsequalsspecifiedlengthininchesmultipliedbyspecifiedwidthininchesmultipliedbyspecifiedthicknessininchesmultipliedby0.2833.Theadoptedstandarddensityfor
rolle
d st
eel i
s 0.
2833
pou
nd p
er c
ubic
inch
. Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness,0.01”.Tolerancesforoverweightforsingleplatesare1-1/3timestheam
ountsintheabovetable.
Tole
ranc
es fo
r ove
rwei
ght f
or lo
ts o
f circ
ular
and
ske
tch
plat
es a
re 1
-1/4
tim
es th
e am
ount
s in
the
abov
e ta
ble.
Ske
tch
plat
es a
re p
late
s ha
ving
form
s ot
her t
han
thos
e of
circ
les
and
rect
angl
es.
Tole
ranc
es fo
r ove
rwei
ght f
or a
sin
gle
circ
ular
pla
te a
nd a
sin
gle
plat
e ar
e 1-
2/3
times
the
amou
nts
in th
e ab
ove
tabl
e.
Up
to 1
/4, e
xcl
1/4
to 5
/16,
exc
l. 5/
16 to
3/8
, exc
l. 3/
8 to
7/1
6, e
xcl.
7/16
to 1
/2, e
xcl.
1/2
to 5
/8, e
xcl.
5/8
to 3
/4, e
xcl.
3/4
to 1
, exc
l. 1
to 2
, exc
l. 2
to 3
, exc
l. 3
to 4
, exc
l.4
to 6
, exc
l. 6
to 8
, exc
l. 8
to 1
0, e
xcl.
10 to
12,
exc
l. 12
to 1
5, e
xcl.
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
10.5 8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
12.0
10.5 8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
14.0
12.0
10.5 8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.5 8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
18.5
16.5
15.0
13.0
11.0 9.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
-19
.517
.015
.013
.011
.0 9.0
8.0
7.0
6.5
4.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
-
-
- 17.0
15.0
13.0
11.0
9.5
8.0
7.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
Car
bon
Stee
l Pla
tes
Rec
tang
ular
She
ared
Pla
tes
and
Uni
vers
al M
ill P
late
sTo
lera
nces
for T
hick
ness
and
Wei
ght W
hen
Ord
ered
to T
hick
ness
Exce
ss in
Ave
rage
Wei
ght o
f Lot
s* fo
r Wid
ths
Giv
e in
Inch
es, E
xpre
ssed
in P
erce
ntag
es o
f Nom
inal
Wei
ghts
**
K-28
Spec
ified
Th
ickn
esse
s In
Lbs
. Per
Squa
re F
oot
48 a
nd
unde
rO
ver 4
8 to
60
, exc
l. 60
to 7
2,
excl
. 72
to 8
4,
excl
. 84
to 9
6,
excl
.96
to 1
08,
excl
. 10
8 to
120
, ex
cl.
120
to 1
32,
excl
.13
2 to
144
, ex
cl.
144
to 1
68,
excl
.16
8 an
d ov
er
*The
term
lot m
eans
all
the
plat
es o
f eac
h ta
bula
r wid
th a
nd th
ickn
ess
grou
p re
pres
ente
d in
eac
h sh
ipm
ent.
Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness,0.01”.Tolerancesforoverweightforsingleplatesare1-1/3timestheam
ountsintheabovetable.
Tole
ranc
es fo
r ove
rwei
ght f
or lo
ts o
f circ
ular
and
ske
tch
plat
es a
re 1
-1/4
tim
es th
e am
ount
s in
the
abov
e ta
ble.
Ske
tch
plat
es a
re p
late
s ha
ving
form
s ot
her t
han
thos
e of
circ
les
and
rect
angl
es.
Tole
ranc
es fo
r ove
rwei
ght f
or a
sin
gle
circ
ular
pla
te a
nd a
sin
gle
plat
e ar
e 1-
2/3
times
the
amou
nts
in th
e ab
ove
tabl
e.
Up
to 1
0 ex
cl10
to 1
2.5
excl
. 12
.5 to
15.
0 ex
cl.
15 to
17.
5 ex
cl.
17.5
to 2
0 ex
cl.
20 to
25
excl
. 25
to 3
0 ex
cl.
30 to
40
excl
. 40
to 8
1.6
excl
. 81
.6 to
122
.4 e
xcl.
122.
4 to
163
.2 e
xcl.
163.
2 to
244
.8 e
xcl.
244.
8 to
326
.4 e
xcl.
326.
4 to
408
.0 e
xcl.
408.
0 to
489
.6 e
xcl.
489.
6 to
612
.0 e
xcl.
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
Car
bon
Stee
l Pla
tes
Rec
tang
ular
She
ared
Pla
tes
and
Uni
vers
al M
ill P
late
sTo
lera
nces
for T
hick
ness
and
Wei
ght W
hen
Ord
ered
to T
hick
ness
Exce
ss in
Ave
rage
Wei
ght o
f Lot
s* fo
r Wid
ths
Giv
e in
Inch
es, E
xpre
ssed
in P
erce
ntag
es o
f the
Spe
cifie
d W
eigh
ts
Per S
quar
e Fo
ot
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
Ove
r U
nder
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
7.5
6.5
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
9.0
7.0
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
11.0 8.0
7.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
13.0 9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
-
12.0
11.0 9.0
8.0
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
- 3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
- - - 1.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.5
6.0
4.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
- - - 3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
K-29
Spec
ified
Th
ickn
ess
in
Inch
es
Spec
ified
W
eigh
t in
Lbs.
pe
r Sq.
Ft.
To
36,
Excl
.
36 to
48
Ex
cl.
48 to
60
, Ex
cl.
60 to
72
, Ex
cl.
84 to
96
, Ex
cl.
96 to
10
8,
Excl
.
108
to
120,
Ex
cl.
120
to
144,
Ex
cl.
144
to
168,
ex
cl.
168
and
Ove
r
Not
e 1:FlatnessTolerancesforLength-T
helongerdimensionspecifiedisconsideredthelength,andvariationinflatnessalongthelengthshouldnotexceedthetabularamountforthespecified
wid
th in
pla
tes
up to
12
feet
in le
ngth
, or i
n an
y 12
feet
or l
onge
r pla
tes.
N
ote
2: FlatnessTolerancesforW
idth-Theflatnessvariationacrossthewidthshouldnotexceedthetabularamountforthespecifiedwidth.
Not
e 3:W
henthelongerdimensionisunder36”,thevariationinflatnessalongthelengthandacrossthewidthshouldnotexceed1/4”ineachdirection.W
henthelongerdimensionisfrom
36”to72”
incl.,theflatnessvariationshouldnotexceed75%ofthetabularamountforthespecifiedwidth,butinnocaselessthan1/4”.
Not
e 4:
Thetolerancesgivenintheabovetableapplytoplateswhichhaveaminimum
specifiedtensilestrengthnotover60,000psiorcom
patiblechemistryorhardness.Forplatesspecifiedtoa
high
er m
inim
um te
nsile
stre
ngth
or c
ompa
tible
che
mis
try o
r har
ness
, the
lim
its g
iven
in th
e ta
ble
are
incr
ease
d to
1 1
/2 ti
mes
the
amou
nt in
the
abov
e ta
ble.
N
ote
5:Theabovetableandnotescovertheflatnesstolerancesofcircularandsketchplates,basedonthemaximum
dimensionsofthoseplates.
To 1
/4 e
xcl.
1/4
to 3
/8, e
xcl.
3/8
to 1
/2 e
xcl.
1/2
to 3
/4, e
xcl.
3/4
to 1
, exc
l. 1
to 2
, exc
l. 2
to 4
, exc
l. 4
to 6
, exc
l,6
to 8
, exc
l.8
to 1
0, e
xcl.
10 to
12,
exc
l. 12
to 1
5, e
xcl.
Car
bon
Stee
l Pla
tes
Rec
tang
ular
She
ared
Pla
tes,
Uni
vers
al M
ill P
late
s an
d C
ircul
ar a
nd S
ketc
h Pl
ates
Flat
ness
Tol
eran
ces
Flat
ness
Tol
eran
ces
for S
peci
fied
Wid
th in
Inch
es
72 to
84
, Ex
cl.
Up
to 1
0.2,
exc
l. 10
.2 to
15.
3, e
xcl.
15.3
to 2
0.4
excl
. 20
.4 to
30.
6 ex
cl.
30.6
to 4
0.8
excl
. 40
.8 to
81.
6 ex
cl.
81.6
to 1
63.2
exc
l. 16
3.2
to 2
44.8
exc
l. 24
4.8
to 3
26.4
exc
l. 32
6.4
to 4
08.0
exc
l. 40
8.0
to 4
89.6
exc
l. 48
9.6
to 6
12.0
exc
l.
9/16 1/2
1/2
7/16
7/16 3/8
5/16 3/8
7/16 1/2
1/2
5/8
3/4
5/8
9/16 1/2
1/2
1/2
3/8
7/16 1/2
1/2
5/8
3/4
15/1
63/
45/
89/
169/
16 1/2
7/16 1/2
1/2
5/8
3/4
13/1
6
1-1/
415
/16
5/8
5/8
5/8
9/16 1/2
1/2
5/8
11/1
613
/16
7/8
1-1/
21-
1/4
7/8
3/4
5/8
5/8
1/2
9/16 3/4
13/1
615
/16
1
1-3/
81-
1/8
3/4
5/8
5/8
9/16 1/2
9/16
11/1
63/
47/
815
/16
1-5/
81-
3/8
1 1 3/4
5/8
1/2
5/8
7/8
7/8 1 1
1-3/
41-
1/2
1-1/
81 7/8
5/8
9/16 3/4
7/8
15/1
61 1
1-7/
81-
5/8
1-1/
41-
1/8
111
/16
5/8
7/8 1 1 1 1
- -1-
7/8
1-1/
21-
3/8
1-1/
87/
87/
8 1 1 1 1
- -2-
1/8
21-
3/4
1-1/
21-
1/8
1 1 1 1 -
K-30
Carbon Steel PlatesMill Edge Plates in Coils and
Cut Lengths of Plates Produced on Strip MillsWidth TolerancesTolerances are over specified width. No tolerances are under.
Up to 14 excl. ............................7/1614 to 17 excl. 1/217 to 19 excl. 9/1619 to 21 excl. .............................5/8 21 to 24 excl. 11/1624 to 26 excl. 13/16
26 to 28 excl. .............................15/1628 to 35 excl. .............................1-1/835 to 50 excl. .............................1-1/450 to 60 excl. .............................1-1/260 to 65 excl. .............................1-5/865 to 70 excl. .............................1-3/4
Specified Width, Inches
WidthTolerance in Inches
Specified Width, Inches
WidthTolerance in Inches
70 to 80 excl. .............................1-7/880 and over.................................2
Sheared Plates, Universal Mill Platesand Mill Edge Plates
Width and length tolerances for sheared plates 1-1/2” and under in thickness. Length tolerances for universal mill plates and mill edge tolerances for universal mill plates and mill edge plates 2-1/2” and under in thickness.
SpecifiedDimensions,
Inches
The above tolerances are applicable to all portions of the coil except the uncropped ends. Variation will occur along the length of a hot rolled coil because of differences in character-istics and performance of producing equipment.
Wid
th
Leng
th
Wid
th
Leng
th
Wid
th
Leng
th
Wid
th
Leng
th
Variations over Specified Width and Length for Thicknesses, Inches and
Equivalent Weights GivenUnder
3/83/8 to 5/8,
excl.5/8 to 1,
excl.1 to 2,*
incl.
Under 15.3, lb.
Per sq. ft
15.3 to 25.5, excl.
lb. per sq. ft.
25.5 to 40.8, excl.
lb. per sq. ft.
40.8 to 81.6, incl.
lb. per sq. ft.
Widths Lengths
Under 60 60 to 84, excl. 84 to 108, excl.108 and over
Under 60 60 to 84, excl. 84 to 108, excl.108 and over
Under 60 60 to 84, excl. 84 to 108, excl.108 and over
Under 120
120 to
240 excl.
240 to
360, excl.
3/87/161/25/8
3/81/29/165/8
3/81/29/1611/16
1/25/83/47/8
3/43/47/81
111
1-1/8
7/161/25/83/4
1/25/8
11/163/4
1/25/8
11/167/8
5/811/167/81
7/87/8
15/161-1/8
1-1/81-1/81-1/81-1/4
1/25/83/47/8
5/83/4
13/167/8
5/83/47/81
3/47/81
1-1/8
11
1-1/81-1/4
1-1/41-1/41-3/81-3/8
5/83/41
1-1/8
3/47/81
1-1/8
3/47/81
1-1/4
11
1-1/81-1/4
1-1/81-1/41-3/81-3/8
1-1/21-1/21-1/21-3/4
Permissible variation under specified width and length, 1/4 inch.*Length tolerances apply also to U.M. plates up to 12 inches in width for thicknesses over 2 to 2 1/2 inches incl.
K-31
Carbon Steel PlatesSheared Plates, Universal Mill Plates
and Mill Edge PlatesWidth and length tolerances for sheared plates 1-1/2” and under in thickness. Length tolerances for universal mill plates and mill edge tolerances for univer-sal mill plates and mill edge plates 2-1/2” and under in thickness.
Variations over Specified Width and Length for Thicknesses, Inches and
Equivalent Weights Given
SpecifiedDimensions,
Inches
Widths Lengths Wid
th
Leng
th
Wid
th
Leng
th
Wid
th
Leng
th
Wid
th
Leng
th
Permissible variation under specified width and length, 1/4 inch.*Length tolerances apply also to U.M. plates up to 12 inches in width for thicknesses over 2 to 2 1/2 inches incl.
Under 3/8
3/8 to 5/8, excl.
5/8 to 1, excl.
1 to 2,* incl.
Under 15.3, lb.
Per sq. ft.
15.3 to 25.5, excl.
lb. per sq. ft.
25.5 to 40.8, excl.
lb. per sq. ft.
40.8 to 81.6, incl.
lb. per sq. ft.
Under 60 60 to 84, excl. 84 to 108, excl.108 and over
Under 60 60 to 84, excl. 84 to 108, excl.108 and over
Under 60 60 to 84, excl. 84 to 108, excl.108 and over
Under 60 60 to 84, excl. 84 to 108, excl.108 and over
360to
480, excl.
480to
600, excl
600 to
720, excl.
720, andover
7/161/29/163/4
7/161/25/83/4
1/25/85/87/8
9/163/43/41
1-1/81-1/41-1/41-3/8
1-1/41-3/81-3/81-1/2
1-3/41-3/41-3/41-3/4
2222
1/25/83/47/8
1/25/83/47/8
5/83/43/41
3/47/87/8
1-1/8
1-1/41-3/81-3/81-1/2
1-1/21-1/21-1/21-5/8
1-7/81-7/81-7/8
2
2-1/82-1/82-1/82-3/8
5/83/47/81
5/83/47/81
3/47/87/8
1-1/8
7/811
1-1/4
1-3/81-1/21-1/21-5/8
1-5/81-5/81-5/81-3/4
1-7/81-7/81-7/82-1/4
2-1/42-1/42-1/42-1/2
3/47/81
1-1/4
3/47/81
1-1/4
7/81
1-1/81-1/4
11-1/81-1/41-3/8
1-5/81-5/81-7/81-7/8
1-7/81-7/81-7/81-7/8
2-1/42-1/42-1/42-1/2
2-1/42-3/42-3/4
3
K-32
Carbon Steel PlatesSheared Plates and Gas Cut
Rectangular PlatesUniversal Mill PlatesCamber Tolerances
Note: Camber as it relates to plates is the horizontal edge curvature in the length, mea-sured over the entire length of the plate in the flat position.
Rolled Width Tolerances
Thickness in inches and Equivalent Weights
Widthin
Inches
Tolerances over Specified Width
To 20, excl.20 to 36, excl.36 and over
1/8 3/16 5/16
1/8 1/4 3/8
3/16 5/16 7/16
1/4 3/8 1/2
3/8 7/16 9/16
1/2 9/16 5/8
Tolerances under Specified Width: 1/8”
Gas Cut Rectangular Plates
Width and Length TolerancesTolerances are over for all widths and lengths*.
*These tolerances may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so speci-fied. Plates with universal rolled edges are commonly cut to length only.
Thickness in inches
Wt. In Lbs. Per Sq. Ft.
Width in Inches
Camber Tolerance
To 2, incl.
Over 2 to 15, incl.
Over 2 to 15, incl.
To 81.6, incl.
81.6 to 612.0, incl.
81.6 to 612.0, incl.
All
To 30, incl.
Over 30 to 60, incl.
1/8” x No. of feet of length5
3/16” x No. of feet of length5
1/4” x No. of feet of length5
To 3/8, Excl.
3/8 to 5/8, Excl.
5/8 to 1, Excl.
1 to 2, Incl.
Over 2 to 10, Incl.
Over 10 to 15, Incl.
To 15.3 lb.per Sq. Ft.,
Excl.
15.3 to 25.5 lbs. per Sq.
Ft., Excl.
25.5 to40.8 lbs. per Sq. Ft., Excl.
40.8 to 81.6 per Sq. Ft.,
Excl.
Over 81.6 to 408.0 lbs. per Sq. Ft. , Incl.
Over 408.0 to 612.0 lb. Per Sq. Ft., Incl.
Specified Thickness in Inches
Specified Wt. in Lbs., Per Sq. Ft.
Tolerances, Inches
To 2, excl.2 to 4, excl.4 to 6, excl.6 to 8, excl.8 to 15, incl.
Up to 81.6, excl.81.6 to 163.2, excl.163.2 to 244.8, excl.244.8 to 326.4, excl.326.4 to 612.0, incl.
1/25/83/47/81
K-33
Carbon Steel PlatesRolled Floor Plates
Tolerances for Thickness and WeightWhen Ordered To Thickness
Specified Thickness in Inches
Excess in Avg. Wt. of Lots* Expressed in % of nom. Wts.
1/8 to 3/16, excl. 3/16 to 1/4, excl. 1/4 to 5/16, excl. 5/16 to 3/8, excl. 3/8 to 7/16, excl. 7/16 to 1/2, excl. 1/2 to 5/8, excl. 5/8 to 1, incl.
1410 9 8 7 6 5.5 5
Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness,0.01”.Note: Tolerances for overweight for lots of circular and sketch plates are 1-1/4 times the amounts in the above table. Tolerances for overweight for single plates are 1-1/3 times the amounts in the above table. Tolerances for overweight for single circular and sketch plates are 1-2/3 times the amounts in the above table.
Tolerances for WeightWhen Ordered To Weight
Specified Wt. in Lbs. per Sq. Ft.
Tolerances for Avg. Wt of Lots* Expressed in %
of the specified wts. per Sq. Ft.
Up to 3.00 excl. 3.00 to 6.15 excl. 6.15 to 8.70 excl. 8.70 to 11.25 excl. 11.25 to 13.80 excl. 13.80 to 16.35 excl. 16.35 to 18.90 excl. 18.90 to 21.45 excl. 21.45 to 26.55 excl26.55 to 41.85 incl.
Over Under
10865.554.543.532.5
55533332.52.52.5
*The term lot means all the plates of each tabular weight or thickness group represented in each shipment.
Note: Tolerances for overweight for lots of circular and sketch plates are 1-1/4 times the amounts in the above table. Tolerances for overweight for single plates are 1-1/3 times the amounts in the above table. Tolerances for overweight for single circular and sketch plates are 1-2/3 times the amounts in the above table.
K-34
Carbon Steel PlatesRolled Floor Plates
Tolerances for Thickness and Length
Thickness in Inches and Equivalent Weights
5/8 to 1” incl.3/8 to 5/8” incl.Under 3/8”
26.55 to 41.85, incl. lb. per sq.
ft.
16.35 to 26.55, excl. lb. per sq.
ft.
Under 16.35 lb. per sq.
ft.
Specified Length,
Specified Width,
Inches Inches Width Length Width Width LengthLength
Tolerances Over Specified Width and Length
Up to 90,
incl.
Under 120120 to 240, excl. 240 to 360, excl. 360 to 480, excl.
3/83/83/87/16
1/23/41
1-1/4
11-1/81-1/21-5/8
1/25/85/85/8
5/87/8
1-1/81-3/8
7/161/21/21/2
Tolerances Under Specified Width and Length
Thickness 3/16” (8 70 lbs. per sq. ft.) and over 1/4”Thickness under 3/16” 1/8”
Camber Tolerances For Raised Figures
Camberasitrelatestoraisedfiguresisthecurvatureoftheraisedfiguresinthelength direction, measured over the entire length of the plate.
3/8” x Number of feet of length 5
K-35
Spec
ified
Th
ickn
esse
s In
Inch
es48
and
un
der
Ove
r 48
to
60, e
xcl.
60 to
72,
ex
cl.
72 to
84,
ex
cl.
84 to
96,
ex
cl.
96 to
108
, ex
cl.
108
to 1
20,
excl
.12
0 to
132
, ex
cl.
132
to 1
44,
excl
. 14
4 to
168
, ex
cl.
168
and
over
Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness,0.01”.Tolerancesforoverweightforsingleplatesare1-1/3timestheam
ountsintheabovetable.Tolerancesforoverweightforlotsofcircularandsketch
plat
es**
* ar
e 1-
1/4
times
the
amou
nts
in th
e ab
ove
tabl
e. T
oler
ance
s fo
r ove
rwei
ght f
or a
sin
gle
circ
ular
pla
te a
nd a
sin
gle
plat
e ar
e 1-
2/3
times
the
amou
nts
in th
e ab
ove
tabl
e.
*The
term
lot m
eans
all
the
plat
es o
f eac
h ta
bula
r wid
th a
nd th
ickn
ess
grou
p re
pres
ente
d in
eac
h sh
ipm
ent.
**Nom
inalweightinpoundsequalsspecifiedlengthininchesmultipliedbyspecifiedwidthininchesmultipliedbyspecifiedthicknessininchesmultipliedby0.2833.
***S
ketc
h pl
ates
are
pla
tes
havi
ng fo
rms
othe
r tha
n th
ose
of c
ircle
s an
d re
ctan
gles
.
Up
to 1
/4, e
xcl.
1/4
to 5
/16,
exc
l.5/
16 to
3/8
, exc
l. 3/
8 to
7/1
6, e
xcl.
7/16
to 1
/2, e
xcl.
1/2
to 5
/8, e
xcl.
5/8
to 3
/4, e
xcl.
3/4
to 1
, exc
l. 1
to 2
, exc
l. 2
to 3
, exc
l. 3
to 4
, exc
l. 4
to 6
, exc
l. 6
to 8
, exc
l. 8
to 1
0, e
xcl.
10 to
12,
exc
l. 12
to 1
5, e
xcl.
Allo
y St
eel P
late
s
Rec
tang
ular
She
ared
Pla
tes
and
Uni
vers
al M
ill P
late
sTo
lera
nces
for T
hick
ness
and
Wei
ght W
hen
Ord
ered
to T
hick
ness
Exce
ss in
Ave
rage
Wei
ght o
f Lot
s* fo
r Wid
ths
Giv
e in
Inch
es, E
xpre
ssed
in P
erce
ntag
es o
f Nom
inal
Wei
ghts
**
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
8.5
5.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
10.5 8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
12.0
10.5 8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
14.0
12.0
10.5 8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.5 8.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
18.5
16.5
15.0
13.0
11.0 9.5
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
-
19.5
17.0
15.0
13.0
11.0 9.0
8.0
7.0
6.5
4.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
-
-
-
17.0
15.0
13.0
11.0 9.5
8.0
7.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
K-36
Spec
ified
Th
ickn
esse
s In
Inch
esTo
36,
ex
cl.
36 to
60,
ex
cl.
60 to
84,
ex
cl.
120
to 1
32,
excl
. 84
to 1
20,
excl
.13
2 an
d O
ver
Not
es:1.Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness0.01inch.2.Theabovetolerancesonlyapplywhenthethicknessismeasured3/8inchfrom
thelongitudinaledgesofplates.3.Foroverweight
tole
ranc
es w
hich
lim
it th
e ov
eral
l thi
ckne
ss o
f the
pla
te, s
ee T
able
6.
Ove
r 2 to
3, e
xcl.
3
to 4
, exc
l.
4 to
6, e
xcl.
6
to 8
, exc
l.
8 to
10,
exc
l.
1
0 to
12,
exc
l.
1
2 to
15,
exc
l.
Allo
y St
eel P
late
s
Hot
Rol
led
or T
herm
ally
Tre
ated
Thic
knes
s To
lera
nces
- R
ecta
ngul
ar S
hear
ed P
late
s an
d U
nive
rsal
Mill
Pla
tes
1/16
5/64
3/32
7/64
5/32
11/6
413
/64
3/32
3/32 1/8
1/8
11/3
23/
167/
32
7/64
7/64
9/64
5/32
3/16
15/6
41/
4
1/8
1/8
9/64
5/32
3/16
15/6
49/
32
1/8
1/8
5/32
11/6
47/
3215
/64
9/32
9/64
9/64
11/6
47/
327/
329/
329/
32
Tole
ranc
es O
ver S
peci
fied
Thic
knes
s fo
r Wid
ths
Giv
en, I
nche
s
Cam
ber T
oler
ance
s - S
hear
ed P
late
, Uni
vers
al M
ill P
late
s an
d Sp
ecia
l Cut
or G
as C
ut R
ecta
ngul
ar P
late
sC
ambe
r is
the
grea
test
dev
iatio
n of
a s
ide
edge
from
a s
traig
ht li
ne, t
he m
easu
rem
ent b
eing
take
n on
the
conc
ave
side
with
a s
traig
ht e
dge.
Dim
ensi
ons,
in.
Thic
knes
s
Wid
ths
Cam
ber T
oler
ance
s fo
r Thi
ckne
sses
and
Wid
ths
Giv
en
To 2
, inc
l.
Ove
r 2 to
15,
incl
.
Ove
r 2 to
15,
incl
.
All
To 3
0, in
cl.
Ove
r 30
1/8
in. x
num
ber o
f fee
t of l
engt
h
5
3/16
in. x
num
ber o
f fee
t of l
engt
h
5
1/4
in. x
num
ber o
f fee
t of l
engt
h
5
K-37
Spec
ified
Th
ickn
esse
s In
Inch
es
Spec
ified
w
eigh
t, lb
s.
per s
q. ft
.
To
36,
excl
.
60 to
72
, ex
cl.
72 to
84
, ex
cl.
84 to
96
, ex
cl.
96 to
10
8,
excl
.
108
to
120,
ex
cl.
120
to
144,
ex
cl.
36 to
48
, ex
lc.
144
to
168,
ex
cl.
168
and
over
Not
es:
1.FlatnessTolerancesforLength.Thelongerdimensionspecifiedisconsideredthelength,andvariationsfrom
aflatsurfacealongthelengthshouldnotexceedthetabularamountforthespecified
wid
th in
pla
tes
up to
12
feet
in le
ngth
, or i
n an
y 12
feet
of l
onge
r pla
tes.
2.FlatnessTolerancesforW
idth.Theflatnessvariationacrossthewidthshouldnotexceedthetabularamountforthespecifiedwidth.
3. W
hen
the
long
er d
imen
sion
is u
nder
36
inch
es, t
he v
aria
tion
shou
ld n
ot e
xcee
d 3/
8 in
. W
hen
the
larg
er d
imen
sion
is fr
om 3
6 to
72
inch
es in
clus
ive,
the
varia
tion
shou
ld n
ot e
xcee
d 75
per
cent
of
thetabularamountforthespecifiedwidth.
4.Theabovetableandnotescoverthetolerancesforflatnessofcircularandsketchplates,basedonthemaximum
dimensionsoftheseplates.
To 1
/4, e
xcl.
1/4
to 3
/8, e
xcl.
3/8
to 1
/2, e
xcl.
1/2
to 3
/4, e
xcl.
3/4
to 1
, exc
l. 1
to 2
, exc
l. 2
to 4
, exc
l. 4
to 6
, exc
l. 6
to 8
, exc
l. 8
to 1
0, e
xcl.
10 to
12,
exc
l. 12
to 1
5, e
xcl.
Allo
y St
eel P
late
s
Hot
Rol
led
or T
herm
ally
Tre
ated
Flat
ness
Tol
eran
ces
- Rec
tang
ular
Pla
tes,
Uni
vers
al M
ill P
late
s, a
nd C
ircul
ar a
nd S
ketc
h Pl
ates
To 1
0.2,
exc
l. 10
.2 to
15.
3, e
xcl.
15.3
to 2
0.4,
exc
l. 20
.4 to
30.
6, e
xcl.
30.6
to 4
0.8,
exc
l. 40
.8 to
81.
6, e
xcl.
81.6
to 3
26.4
, exc
l. 32
6.4
to 2
44.8
, exc
l. 24
4.6
to 3
26.4
, 32
6.4
to 4
18, e
xcl.
418
to 4
89.6
, exc
l. 48
9.6
to 6
12, e
xcl.
13/1
63/
43/
45/
85/
89/
16 1/2
9/16 5/8
3/4
3/4
7/8
1-1/
815
/16
7/8
3/4
3/4
5/8
9/16
11/1
63/
413
/16
15/1
61
1-3/
81-
1/8
15/1
613
/16
7/8
3/4
11/1
63/
43/
415
/16
1-1/
81-
3/16
1-7/
81-
3/8
15/1
67/
87/
813
/16
3/4
3/4
15/1
61
1-1/
41-
5/16
2-1/
41-
7/8
1-1/
21-
1/8
115
/16
3/4
7/8
1-1/
81-
1/4
1-3/
81-
1/2
2-3/
82
1-1/
21-
1/4
1-1/
81 3/4
15/1
61-
1/4
1-5/
161-
1/2
1-1/
2
2-5/
82-
1/4
1-5/
81-
3/8
1-5/
16 1 7/8
1-1/
81-
5/16
1-3/
81-
1/2
1-1/
2
2-3/
42-
3/8
1-7/
81-
5/8
1-1/
21 1
1-1/
41-
1/2
1-1/
21-
1/2
1-1/
2
- -2-
3/4
2-1/
42
1-5/
81-
1/4
1-1/
41-
1/2
1-1/
21-
1/2
1-1/
2
- -3-
1/8
32-
5/8
2-1/
41-
5/8
1-1/
21-
1/2
1-1/
21-
1/2
1-1/
2
Flatnessdenotesthedeviationofthetoporbottomsurfacefrom
ahorizontalplanewhentheplateisrestingonaflatsurface.Thistableshow
flatnesstolerances
whenflatnessismeasuredinthelengthdirectionandalsowhentheflatnessismeasuredinthewidthdirection,asexplainedinNotes1to4incl.
Flat
ness
tole
ranc
es fo
r spe
cifie
d w
idth
s, in
ches
48 to
60
, ex
cl.
21-
3/4
1-1/
81
15/1
67/
83/
47/
8 11-
1/8
1-5/
161-
3/8/
2
K-38
Flat
ness
To
lera
nce
from
Pr
evio
us T
able
s
Allo
y St
eel P
late
s
Rec
tang
ular
Pla
tes,
Uni
vers
al M
ill P
late
s an
d C
ircul
ar a
nd S
ketc
h Pl
ates
Wav
ines
s To
lera
nces
1/2
9/16 5/8
11/1
63/
413
/16
7/8
15/1
61
1-1/
81-
1/4
1-1/
31-
1/2
1-5/
81-
3/4
1-7/
82
2-1/
82-
1/4
2-3/
82-
1/2
2-5/
82-
3/4
2-7/
83
3-1/
8
Wavinessdenotesthedeviationofthetoporbottomsurfacefrom
ahorizontalline,whentheplateisrestingonaflatsurface,asmeasuredinanincrem
entofless
than12feetoflength.Thewavinesstoleranceisafunctionoftheflatnesstoleranceasobtainedfromprevioustables.
Whe
n N
umbe
r of W
aves
is 1
2 ft.
is:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1/2
9/16 5/8
11/1
63/
413
/16
7/8
15/1
61
1-1/
81-
1/4
1-1/
31-
1/2
1-5/
81-
3/4
1-7/
82
2-1/
82-
1/4
2-3/
82-
1/2
2-5/
82-
3/4
2-7/
83
3-1/
8
3/8
7/16 1/2
1/2
9/16 5/8
11/1
611
/16
3/4
7/8
15/1
61-
1/16
1-1/
81-
1/4
1-5/
161-
7/16
1-1/
21-
5/8
1-11
/16
1-13
/16
1-7/
82
2-1/
162-
3/16
2-1/
42-
3/8
5/16
5/16 3/8
3/8
7/16
7/16 1/2
1/2
9/16 5/8
11/1
63/
47/
815
/16
11-
1/16
1-1/
81-
3/16
1-1/
41-
5/16
1-7/
161-
1/2
1-9/
161-
5/8
1-11
/16
1-3/
4
3/16 1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16
5/16 3/8
3/8
7/16 1/2
1/2
9/16 5/8
11/1
63/
413
/16
7/8
7/8
1-5/
16 11-
1/16
1-1/
81-
1/8
1-3/
161-
1/4
1-5/
16
3/16
3/16
3/16
3/16 1/4
1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16 3/8
3/8
7/16 1/2
1/2
9/16
9/16 5/8
11/1
611
/16
3/4
13/1
613
/16
7/8
15/1
615
/16
1
1/8
1/8
1/8
3/16
3/16
3/16
3/16 1/4
1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16 3/8
3/8
7/16
7/16 1/2
1/2
9/16
9/16
9/16 5/8
5/8
11/1
611
/16
3/4
1/16 1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
3/16
3/16
3/16 1/4
1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16
5/16 3/8
3/8
3/8
7/16
7/16
7/16 1/2
1/2
9/16
9/16
K-39
Mec
hani
cal P
rope
rtie
s of
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Mec
hani
cal P
rope
rtie
s
Typi
cal H
ardn
ess
AIS
I N
umbe
rSA
E
Num
ber
Mat
eria
lTe
nsile
St
reng
th k
siYi
eld
Stre
ngth
ksi
Elon
gatio
n in
2”
%R
educ
atio
n of
A
rea
%
Mac
hina
bilit
y %
of
CD
121
2B
HN
Roc
kwel
l
303
304
304L
309
316
316L
321
416
420
430
440F
Se
630
(17-
4)
3030
330
304
3030
4L30
309
3031
6
3031
6L30
321
5141
651
420
5143
051
440F
Se
-
*Ann
eale
d B
ar*A
nnea
led
Bar
*She
et/P
late
*She
et/P
late
*She
et*A
nnea
led
Bar
*She
et/P
late
*She
et/P
late
*She
et
Ann
eale
d B
arA
nnea
led
Bar
She
etA
nnea
led
Bar
Con
d-A
-Bar
Con
d-H
900
Bar
Con
d-H
1025
Bar
85/9
580
/90
75 m
in70
min
75 m
in75
/90
75 m
in70
min
75 m
in10
0 m
ax80
/100
95 65 m
in10
0/12
015
020
017
0
30/4
030
/40
30 m
in25
min
30 m
in30
/40
30 m
in25
min
30 m
in
55/6
550 30
min
60/7
011
018
516
5
45/5
555
/65
40 m
in40
min
40 m
in40
/50
40 m
in40
min
40 m
in
15/2
525 20
min
10/1
56/
1514 15
50/6
065
/75
- - - 60/7
0- - - 40
/50
55 - 20/3
030
/60
50 56
160/
180
150/
180
202
max
183
max
217
max
150/
180
217
max
217
max
217
max
190/
220
195
183
max
200/
260
321
415
352
B83
/95
B80
/90
B92
max
B88
Max
B95
max
B80
/90
B95
max
B95
max
B95
max
B90
/95
B92
B88
max
B94
/C25
C35
C44
C38
73 45 - - - 40 - - - 90 55 - 48 45
*May
be
slig
htly
mag
netic
whe
n co
ld w
orke
d.
K-40
Rela
tive
Corr
osio
n Re
sist
ance
Type
430
, 304
, and
316
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
* S
ubje
ct to
pitt
ing.
Corr
osiv
e M
edia
Conc
entra
tion
%
Tem
p.
FSt
ainl
ess
Stee
l43
0
304
3
16Co
rros
ive
Med
iaCo
ncen
tratio
n%
Te
mp.
F
Stai
nles
s St
eel
430
3
04
316
Ace
tic A
cid
Ace
tic A
nhyd
ride
Ace
tone
Ace
tyel
enA
lcoh
ol-E
thyl
(Eth
anol
)A
lcoh
ol-M
ethy
l (M
etha
nol)
Alu
m (P
otas
sium
Alu
min
um S
ulfa
te)
Alu
min
um A
ceta
te
Alu
min
um C
hlor
ide
Alu
m (C
hrom
e)A
lum
inum
Hyd
roxi
de
5-10 20 80 80 90 90 60 30
2 an
d 10
2 an
d 10
Sat
.S
atur
ated
10 a
nd 2
55
180
180
70B
oilin
g70
Boi
ling
180
180
Boi
ling
7070
-Boi
ling
70 150
70B
oilin
g70
-212
70 70 70
The
follo
win
g da
ta a
re b
ased
on
obse
rvat
ions
from
labo
rato
ry te
sts
and
serv
ice
expe
rienc
e. B
ecau
se o
f the
effe
ct o
f ser
vice
exp
osur
e va
riabl
es o
n co
rros
ion
resi
stan
ce, t
he d
ate
mus
t be
used
with
cau
tion,
onl
y as
gen
eral
gui
des
to c
orro
sion
resi
stan
ce.
Expl
anat
ion
of R
atin
gs:
A - S
atis
fact
ory
for u
se in
med
ia s
tipul
ated
. B
- S
light
to m
oder
ate
atta
ck; d
eser
ving
of c
onsi
dera
tion
for s
ome
uses
. C
- C
orro
sive
atta
ck g
ener
ally
too
high
to w
arra
nt c
onsi
dera
tion.
(E
ven
here
ther
e m
ay b
e oc
casi
ons
whe
n it
is m
ore
econ
omic
al to
use
sta
inle
ss
A B B C B C - - A A A A A B* C B* - C - A
A A A B A C A C A A A A A A*
A*
A* A C A A
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B A A
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um S
ulfa
teA
mm
onia
Anh
ydro
us
Am
mon
ium
Bic
arbo
nate
Am
mon
ium
Car
bona
te
Am
mon
ium
Chl
orid
e
Am
mon
ium
Nitr
ate
Am
mon
ium
Oxa
late
Am
mon
ium
Per
sulfa
teA
mm
oniu
m S
ulfa
te
Am
mon
ium
Sul
fite
10 a
nd S
atur
ated
Any
Con
c.A
nhyd
rous
Gas
1 an
d 5
Stil
lA
erat
ed o
r Agi
tate
d10 20
All
Con
c.-A
gita
ted
5 51
and
5A
giat
ed a
ndA
erat
ed10
Sat
urat
ed
Mol
ten
70-2
1270
-212
70to
600
70 a
nd H
ot
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 68B
oilin
gC
old
and
Boi
ling
C C A A A - A A B* - A A A A B* - -
C A A A A A A A - A* A A A A B* C B
C A A A A A A A A*
A* A A A A A A* A
K-41
Rela
tive
Corr
osio
n Re
sist
ance
Type
430
, 304
, and
316
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
* S
ubje
ct to
pitt
ing.
Corr
osiv
e M
edia
Conc
entra
tion
%
Tem
p.
FSt
ainl
ess
Stee
l43
0
304
3
16Co
rros
ive
Med
iaCo
ncen
tratio
n%
Te
mp.
F
Stai
nles
s St
eel
430
3
04
316
Ani
line
Ani
line
Hyd
roch
lorid
eA
myl
Ace
tate
Am
yl C
hlor
ide
Ars
enic
Aci
d
Ars
enio
us A
cid
Bar
ium
Car
bona
teB
ariu
m C
hlor
ide
Bar
ium
Nitr
ate
Bar
ium
Sul
fate
Bar
ium
Sul
fide
Bee
rB
enze
neB
enzo
ic A
cid
Blo
od (M
eat J
uice
s)B
orax
Bor
deau
x M
ixtu
reB
oric
Aci
d
Bro
min
e an
d B
rom
ine
Wat
erB
utyr
ic A
cid
But
yl A
ceta
te
70 60 70 70 150
225
70 70 Hot
Hot 70 70 70 70 70 Col
dH
ot
Hot
Boi
ling
7070
+150
A C A B - - B A A* - - A A - A A A* A - A B C A A
A C A A A B A A A* A A A A A A A A A A A A C A A
A C A A A - A A A A* A A A A A A A A A A A C A A
Cal
cium
Car
bona
teC
alci
um C
hlor
ate
Cal
cium
Hyd
roxi
deC
alci
um H
ypoc
hlor
iteC
alci
um S
ulfa
teC
arbo
nate
d B
ever
ages
Car
bon
Bis
ulfid
eC
arbo
n M
onox
ide
Gas
Car
bon
Tetra
chlo
ride
Car
boni
c A
cid
Chl
orac
etic
Aci
dC
hlor
benz
ene
Chl
oric
Aci
dC
hlor
ine
Chl
orof
orm
Chr
omic
Aci
d
Citr
ic A
cid
Dil.
Sol
. 10
, 20
10S
atur
ated
CP
Com
mer
cial
M
oist
at
Hig
h Te
mp.
Sat
urat
ed
Con
c. P
ure
Dry
Gas
Moi
st G
asG
as (D
ry)
5 an
d 10
50 C
P50
CP
5, S
till
15
7070
and
Hot
Boi
ling
70 70 7076
0 an
d87
070
+Boi
l70 - 70 70 70 70 70 70 21
270 70 70
Boi
ling
70 a
nd 1
5070
and
Boi
ling
A A - B* A A A A A A* C A C A C B C C A B* C C A A
A A A B* A A A A A A* C A C A C B C B A A*
A* C A A
A A A A* A A A A A A C A B A C B C B A A A A A A
3, C
onc.
Cru
de
Anh
ydro
usA
nhyd
rous
5 o
r Sat
.A
queo
usS
ol.
Aqu
esou
sS
ol.
5 5S
atur
ated
5
K-42
Rela
tive
Corr
osio
n Re
sist
ance
Type
430
, 304
, and
316
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
* S
ubje
ct to
pitt
ing.
**S
ubje
ct to
atta
ck w
hen
H2S
O, i
s pr
esen
t
Corr
osiv
e M
edia
Conc
entra
tion
%
Tem
p.
FSt
ainl
ess
Stee
l43
0
304
3
16Co
rros
ive
Med
iaCo
ncen
tratio
n%
Te
mp.
F
Stai
nles
s St
eel
430
3
04
316
Citr
ic A
cid
Coc
a-C
ola
Syr
upC
oppe
r Ace
tate
Cop
per C
arbo
nate
Cop
per C
hlor
ide
Cop
per C
yani
deC
oppe
r Nitr
ate
Cop
per S
ulfa
teC
reos
ote
Cre
osot
e +
3% S
alt
Cre
sylic
Aci
dC
yano
gen
Gas
Din
itroc
hlor
oben
zene
Eps
om S
alts
Eth
er (E
thyl
)E
thyl
Ace
tate
Eth
yl C
hlor
ide
Eth
ylen
e C
hlor
ide
Boi
ling
284
70 70 70 70B
oilin
g
70 Hot
70-1
50H
ot 70 70H
ot a
ndC
old
70 70 70 70
C - A A A A* C C A A B** - - - - A A A A A -
C C A A A A* C A A A A A C A A A A A A A A
B A A A A A* C A A A A A - A A A A A A A A
Eth
ylen
e G
lyco
lFa
tty A
cids
Ferr
ic C
hlor
ide
Ferr
ic H
ydro
xide
Ferr
ic N
itrat
eFe
rric
Sul
fate
Ferr
ous
Sul
fate
Fluo
rine
Form
alde
hyde
Form
ic A
cid
Frui
t Jui
ces
Furfu
ral
Gal
lic A
cid
Gel
atin
eG
lue
Gly
cerin
eH
ydro
brom
ic A
cid
Hyd
roch
loric
Aci
d
Con
c.
All
Con
c.
All
Con
c.
All
Con
c.
10S
atur
ated
Dry 40 5 5
10-5
010
-50
100
100
Dry
or N
eut.
Sol
. A
cid
Sol
.
All
Con
c.
70 7070
and
Boi
ling
70 70 7070
+ B
oil
70 70 70 150
70 70B
oilin
g70
Boi
ling
70 7070
+150
7070
+150
70 70
A A C - A A - - A A B A B C - - A - A A A - A C C
A A C A A A A A A A A A A C A - A A A A A B* A C C
A A C A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B* A C C
Sat
urat
ed5
(as
45 p
si)
Sat
. Sol
. S
at. S
ol. i
n50
% N
H4O
H1,
Agi
tate
d or
Aer
ated
5, A
erat
edS
at. S
ol.
1-5
Agi
tate
d or
Aer
ated
50 A
queo
usA
ll C
onc.
Mel
ted
and
Sol
idifi
ed
Dry
Dry
K-43
Rela
tive
Corr
osio
n Re
sist
ance
Type
430
, 304
, and
316
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
* S
ubje
ct to
pitt
ing.
Corr
osiv
e M
edia
Conc
entra
tion
%
Tem
p.
FSt
ainl
ess
Stee
l43
0
304
3
16Co
rros
ive
Med
iaCo
ncen
tratio
n%
Te
mp.
F
Stai
nles
s St
eel
430
3
04
316
Hyd
rocy
anic
Aci
dH
ydro
fluor
ic A
cid
Hyd
roge
n P
erox
ide
Hyd
roge
n S
ulfid
e
Ink
Iodi
ne S
olut
ions
Idof
orm
Lact
ic A
cid
Lins
eed
Oil
Mag
nesi
um C
arbo
nate
Mag
nesi
um C
hlor
ide
Mag
nesi
um S
ulfa
te
Mag
nesi
um H
ydro
xide
Mag
nesi
um N
itrat
eM
alic
Aci
d
May
onna
ise
Mer
curic
Chl
orid
e
Aci
d-Fr
eeW
etD
ry 1 5 5 10 10 10
1, 5
Stil
l10
-30
Sat
urat
ed
Dil.
Sol
.
70 70 70 70
70+B
oil.
70B
oilin
g70 15
0B
oilin
g70 70 68 70
Hot
and
C
old
Hot
and
C
old
70
B C A C A - C - A A B C - C A A A* - C A A A - - C
A C A A* A A* C A A A A A B C A A A*
A*
A* A A A A A* C
A C A A* A A C A A A A A B B A A A* - A* A A A A A* C
Mer
curic
Cya
nide
Mer
curo
us N
itrat
eM
ercu
ryM
ethy
l Chl
orid
eM
ilk-F
resh
or S
our
Mix
ed A
cids
Nap
htha
Cru
de o
r Pur
eN
icke
l Chl
orid
e S
ol.
Nic
kel N
itrat
eN
icke
l Sul
fate
E
lect
ropl
atin
g S
olut
ion
Nitr
ic A
cid
Dry
15 H
2SO
4+ 5
HN
O3
30 H
2SO
4+ 5
HN
O3
58 H
2SO
4+40
HN
O3
58 H
2SO
4+40
HN
O3
70 H
2SO
4+10
HN
O3
10 H
2SO
4+90
HN
O3
5-50 70
Hot
or C
old
230
230
203
230
203
Boi
ling
70 70 70B
oilin
g70
Boi
ling
- A A - A - - - - - - A C A - A C A C
A A A A A A A A C A A A C A A A A A B
A A A A A A A A C A A A A* A A A A A -
K-44
Rela
tive
Corr
osio
n Re
sist
ance
Type
430
, 304
, and
316
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Corr
osiv
e M
edia
Conc
entra
tion
%
Tem
p.
FSt
ainl
ess
Stee
l43
0
304
3
16Co
rros
ive
Med
iaCo
ncen
tratio
n%
Te
mp.
F
Stai
nles
s St
eel
430
3
04
316
Nitr
ic A
cid
Nitr
ous
Aci
d
Oils
, Cru
deO
ils, V
eget
able
s an
d M
iner
alO
leic
Aci
d
Oxa
lic A
cid
Par
affin
Phe
nol
Pho
spho
ric A
cid
* S
ubje
ct to
pitt
ing.
**
Sub
ject
to a
ttack
whe
n H
2SO
, is
pres
ent
Fum
ing
Con
c.Fu
min
gC
onc.
5 5 1010
and
50
CP
+ 1
0W
ater
Cru
deC
rude
Com
mer
cial
1 an
d 5
10 A
ir-Fr
ee10
Aer
ated
70
Boi
ling
70H
ot a
nd
Col
d
70 400
300
Hot
and
C
old
70B
oilin
gH
ot a
nd
Col
d
Boi
ling
212
Boi
ling
7070
and
B
oilin
g70 70
A C A A
** A** A - B* A B C A A A - A* A C A
A C A A
**
A** A C - A A C A A A A A* A A A
A C A A
** A** A A - A A C A A A A A A A A
Pho
spho
rous
Tric
hlor
ide
Pho
togr
aphi
c D
evel
oper
s
Hyp
o S
olut
ions
Pic
ric A
cid
Pot
assi
um B
ichr
omat
eP
otas
sium
Bro
mid
eP
otas
sium
Car
bona
te
Pot
assi
um C
hlor
ide
Pot
assi
um C
yani
deP
otas
sium
Fer
ricya
nide
Pot
assi
um F
erro
cyan
ide
Pot
assi
um H
ydro
xide
Pot
assi
um Io
dide
Pot
assi
um N
itrat
e
Pot
assi
um O
xala
teP
otas
sium
Per
man
gana
teP
otas
sium
Sul
fate
Pot
assi
um T
hioc
yana
teP
yrog
allic
Aci
dP
yrol
igne
ous
Aci
d
1 an
d 5
Agi
tate
d or
A
erat
ed
5 55
Agi
tate
d or
A
erat
ed27
and
50
5
Con
c.
70 70
70 a
nd
Boi
ling
70
70 a
nd
Boi
ling
70 70B
oilin
g
70 a
nd
Boi
ling
7070
and
B
oilin
g70
- - - A A - A A* A A* - A - C A A A A B* A -
A A A* A A A* A A* A A A A A A A A A A A A A
A A A* A A A* A A* A A*
A* A A A A A A A A A A
K-45
Rela
tive
Corr
osio
n Re
sist
ance
Type
430
, 304
, and
316
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Corr
osiv
e M
edia
Conc
entra
tion
%
Tem
p.
FSt
ainl
ess
Stee
l43
0
304
3
16Co
rros
ive
Med
iaCo
ncen
tratio
n%
Te
mp.
F
Stai
nles
s St
eel
430
3
04
316
Ros
inS
ea W
ater
Sew
age
Silv
er B
rom
ide
Silv
er C
hlor
ide
Silv
er C
yani
de
Ele
ctro
plat
ing
Sol
utio
nS
ilver
Nitr
ate
Soa
psS
odiu
m A
ceta
teS
odiu
m B
icar
bona
teS
odiu
m B
ichr
omat
eS
odiu
m B
isul
fate
Sod
ium
Bor
ate
Sod
ium
Bro
mid
eS
odiu
m C
arbo
nate
Sod
ium
Chl
orat
eS
odiu
m C
hlor
ide
Sod
ium
Citr
ate
Sod
ium
Flu
orid
eS
odiu
m H
ydro
xide
Sod
ium
Hyp
ochl
orite
Sod
ium
Hyp
osul
fite
Sod
ium
Lac
tate
Sod
ium
Nitr
ate
Sod
ium
Nitr
iteS
odiu
m P
erox
ide
Sod
ium
Pho
spha
te
(Trib
asic
)S
odiu
m S
ulph
ate
Sod
ium
Sul
fide
Sod
ium
Sul
fite
Sod
ium
Sal
icyl
ate
Stan
nic
Chl
orid
e So
lutio
n
Ste
am, C
O2 a
nd A
irS
tear
ic A
cid
* S
ubje
ct to
pitt
ing.
**
Sub
ject
to a
ttack
whe
n H
2SO
, is
pres
ent
Moi
stA
ll C
oncs
.
10S
atur
ated
5-50
10 a
nd 2
5A
ll C
onc.
50 40M
olte
n
Mol
ten
70 70
68 a
nd 2
12
70 a
nd
Boi
ling
70 70B
oilin
g60
0
A B*
- C C - A A A*
A A - - A - A A A*
A B*
A B C
A A*
A**
B C A A A A*
A A A C A A A A A*
A A*
A A B
A A*
A**
A*
C A A A A A A A - A A A A A*
A A*
A A A
5, S
till
Sat
urat
ed
Sat
urat
ed
5, S
at.
Sat
urat
edC
onc.
5 an
d S
at.
50 5 1025
, 50
Sat
urat
ed
Con
c.
70 70 670
Fuse
d 70 21
2
70 70B
oilin
g70 70 19
470 15
0B
oilin
g70 20
070
or
Boi
ling
176
and
200
B*
- B**
- B A - - A A C B A*
C B - C A A C - A
A*
B*
A**
A A A A A A A A A A*
A*
A A A A A C A A
A B**
A*
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A C A A
K-46
* S
ubje
ct to
pitt
ing.
Rela
tive
Corr
osio
n Re
sist
ance
Type
430
, 304
, and
316
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
The
data
pre
sent
ed h
erei
n is
not
inte
nded
for s
peci
ficat
ion
purp
oses
, and
sho
uld
be c
onsi
dere
d as
typi
cal o
r ave
rage
val
ues
only
. A
pplic
atio
ns s
ugge
sted
for t
he m
ater
i-al
s de
scrib
ed a
re m
ade
sole
ly to
allo
w th
e re
ader
to m
ake
his
own
eval
uatio
n, a
nd a
re n
ot to
be
cons
trued
as
war
rant
ies,
eith
er li
mite
d or
exp
ress
, of f
itnes
s fo
r the
se o
r ot
her a
pplic
atio
ns.
Corr
osiv
e M
edia
Conc
entra
tion
%
Tem
p.
FSt
ainl
ess
Stee
l43
0
304
3
16Co
rros
ive
Med
iaCo
ncen
tratio
n%
Te
mp.
F
Stai
nles
s St
eel
430
3
04
316
Suc
cini
c A
cid
Sug
ar J
uice
Sul
fur
Sul
fur C
hlor
ide
Sul
fur D
ioxi
de
Sul
furic
Aci
d
Sul
furo
us A
cid
Syr
upTa
nnic
Aci
d
Tann
ic A
cid
Tarta
ric A
cid
Tin
Tom
ato
Juic
eTr
ichl
oret
hyle
neTr
ichl
orac
etic
Aci
dTu
ng O
ilU
ric A
cid
Var
nish
Veg
etab
le J
uice
sV
ineg
ar
Zinc
Zinc
Chl
orid
e
Zinc
Sul
fate
Gas
Moi
stG
as D
ry5,
Aer
ated
10 A
erat
ed
50 A
erat
ed
90 A
erat
edFu
min
gS
atur
ated
10 10
Mol
ten
500,
M
olte
n
70 575
70B
oilin
g70
Boi
ling
70B
oilin
g70 70 70 - 68
Boi
ling
- A A C C A C - C C C C C - C - - -
50 10 Dry
Con
c.
Stil
l, A
gita
ted
or
Aer
ated
5 S
till
5 or
Sat
.25
68 a
nd B
oilin
g70
and
150
Mol
ten
68
70
70-H
ot
70M
olte
n70
and
B
oilin
g70
Boi
ling
- A C - A C - A A A A C C A -
A A C A A C A A A A A C A*
A A
A A C A A C A A A A A C A*
A A
K-47
Mechanical Properties of Aluminum
Typical Properties for Comparison Only
Alloy and
TemperUltimate Yield 1/16” Thick 1/2” Thick Brinell
Harndess*
Ultimate Shear
Strength KSI
Endurance1
Limit, KSI
Mod.2 of
Elast. KSLx103
Tension
StrengthKSI
% Elong. in 2”
1060-01060-H121060-H141060-H161060-H18
1100-01100-H121100-H141100-H161100-H18
1350-01350-H121350-H141350-H161350-H19
2011-T32011-T8
2014-02014-T4, T4512014-T6, T651
2017-02017-T4, 451
2018-T61
2024-0224-T32024-T4, T3512024-T3615
2025-T6
2036-T4
2117-T4
2124-T851
2218-T72
2219-02219-T422219-T31 T3512219-T372219-T622219-T81 T8512219-T87
2618-T61
3003-03003-H123003-H143003-H163003-H18
101214161913161821241214161827555927627026626127706872584943704825525257606669641619222629
41113151851517202241214162443451442602040461150475737282464371127364642515754618212527
431612863512965-------------
20182013-
24---
18201711101010-
3010854
-----
4525201715-3----4
151218201322221222-
19-
19-
2781-------
104020161410
19232630352328323844-----
95100451051354510512047120120130110
-70-
95-------
1152835404755
78910119101112138910111532351838421838391841414235-
28-
30-------
381112141516
345
6.56.556799----718181320181318171320201818186
14------
151515187891010
10.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.210.210.610.610.610.510.510.810.610.610.610.610.410.310.310.610.810.610.610.610.610.610.610.610.810.010.010.010.010.0
K-48
Mechanical Properties of Aluminum, Continued
Alloy and
TemperUltimate Yield 1/16” Thick 1/2” Thick Brinell
Harndess*
Ultimate Shear
Strength KSI
Endurance1
Limit, KSI
Mod.2 of
Elast. KSLx103
Tension
StrengthKSI
% Elong. in 2”
3004-03004-H323004-H343004-H363004-H38
3105-03105-H123105-H143105-H163105-H183105-H25
4032-T6
5005-05005-H125005-H145005-H165005-H185005-H325005-H345005-H365005-H38
5050-05050-H325050-H345050-H365050-H38
5052-05052-H325052-H345052-H365052-H38
5056-05056-H185056-H38
5083-05083-H321, H116
5086-05086-H32, H1165086-H345086-H112
5154-05154-H325154-H345154-H365154-H385154-H112
5252-H255252-H38, H28
5254-05254-H325254-H345254-H365254-H385254-H112
5454-05454-H32
2631353841172225283126551820232629202326292125283032283338404242636042463842473935394245483534413539424548353640
1025293336819222528234661922252817202427821242629132831353722595021331730371917303336391725351730333639171730
20109552475438-
25106541186524987625121087-----
221210142715131210251152715131210252210
25171296------9--------------
3018141083510151216--------------------
1617182021121415161715381114141516141415161517181920182021232426343225-
23-
27-
2222242628-
21232222242628-
2324
4552637077------
12028----
364146513646535863476068737765105100
------
58677378808368755867737880636273
1415151616------
16---------
12131314141617181920202222-
23----
171819202117--
171819202117--
10.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.011.410.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.210.210.210.210.210.310.310.310.310.310.310.310.310.310.210.210.210.210.210.210.010.010.210.210.210.210.210.210.210.2
K-49
1. Basedon 500,000,000 cycles of completely reversed stress using the R.R. Moore type of machine and specimen. 2. Average of tension and compression moduli. Compression modulus is about 2% greater than tension modulus. 3. 135-0 wire will have an elongation of approximately 23% in 10 inches. 4. 1350-H19 wire will have an elongation of approx. 1-1/2% in 10 inches. 5. Tempers T361 and T861 were formerly designated T36 and T86.6. Based on a 107cyclesusingflexuraltypetestingofsheetspecimens.
*500 kg load; 100mm ball.
Mechanical Properties of Aluminum, Continued
Alloy and
TemperUltimate Yield 1/16” Thick 1/2” Thick Brinell
Harndess*
Ultimate Shear
Strength KSI
Endurance1
Limit, KSI
Mod.2 of
Elast. KSLx103
Tension
StrengthKSI
% Elong. in 2”
5454-H345454-H1115454-H112
5456-05456-H1125456-H321, H116
5457-05457-H255457-H321, H28
5652-05653-H325653-H345653-H365652-H38
5657-H255657-H38, H28
6061-06061-T4, T4516061-T6, T651
6063-06063-T16063-T46063-T56063-T66063-T836063-T8316063-T832
6066-06066-T4, T4516066-T6, T651
6070-T6
6101-H1116101-T6
6262-T9
6463-T16463-T56463-T6
7075-07075-T6, T651
7178-07178-T6, T6517178-T76, T7651
443836454551192630283338404223281835451322252735373042225257551432582227353383338883
352618232437723271328313537202482140713132131352739123052511128551321311573157873
101418---
2212625121087127252212-
2022121291012---
10-
15-
20121217111510-
---
242216---
301814108--
302517--------
181812---
10---
1611161111
262323--
30121618182021232414151224301014-
172222182714293434-
20351417222248---
817062--
90324855476068737740503065952542-
60738270954390120
--
7112042607460150
---
---------
1617181920--9141489-
1010-----
1614--
13101010-
23---
10..210.210.210.310.310.310.010.010.010.210.210.210.210.210.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.410.410.410.410.3
K-50
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Wide Flange Shapes
Beam Size
Over Theoretical
Under Theoretical
Depth
Over Theoretical
Under Theoretical
Flange Width Flanges Out of Square Maximum
ASTM
≤12”> 12” to 18”> 18”
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.250
.250
.250
.188
.188
.188
.250
.313
.313
Webb Off Center Max ASTM
Maximum Depth at any Cross Section Over Theoretical
ASTMAll .188
(ASTM max allowable on isolated conditions)(i.e. start ups and end condition)
.250
Over Theoretical
Under Theoretical
Web Thickness* Flange Thickness* Flange Width* Difference Over
Theoretical Under
Theoretical Run Max.
ALL .30 .30 .30 .30 1/2 tol. .20/in of flangewidth
Web Bow Bucked Web, Wavey Web Wavey Flange
≤14”> 14” to < 18”> 21”
.062
.080
.100
No more than one every 4 ft.
Flange width ≥8”< 8
.062 one per 10’
.031 one per 10’
Flange Bow1%offlangewidth
Example:Flange width = 8.00”
8.00 x 1% = .080
Camber Weight Per Foot
ALL 1/8 in. X (number of feet of total +/- 2.5% length / 10)
Sweep
Flange Width< 6” 1/8 in x (number of feet of total length / 5)
≥ 1/8inx(numberoffeet of total length / 10)
Length Over Under
2” 0”
K-51
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsRounds, Squares and Round Cornered Squares
Size, Out-of-Round or Out-of-Square Tolerances
Specified Size In Inches
Out of Rd. or Sq., Inches
Size Tolerances, Inches
Over UnderTo 5/16 incl. Over 5/16 to 7/16 incl. Over 7/16to 5/8 incl. Over 5/8 to 7/8 incl. Over 7/8 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 1-1/8 incl. Over 1-1/8 to 1-1/4incl. Over 1-1/4 to 1-3/8 incl. Over 1-3/8 to 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl, Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 incl. Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2 incl. Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2 incl. Over 6-1/2 to 8-1/4 incl. .Over 8-1/4 to 9-1/2 incl. Over 9-1/2 to 10 incl
0.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.0100.0110.0120.0141/641/323/641/165/641/85/323/161/4
0.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.0100.0110.0120.0141/64
00000000
0.0080.0090.0100.0120.0130.0150.0160.0180.0210.0230.0230.0350.0460.0580.0700.0850.1000.120
Note: Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diam-eters to the bar, measured at the same cross section. Out-of-square section is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of a square bar between opposite faces.
HexagonsSize and Out-of-Hexagon Tolerances
Size Tolerances, Inches
Over Under
Out of Hexagon,
Inches
Specified Sizes between Opposite
Sides in Inches
To 1/2 incl. Over 1/2 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1.2 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl.
0.0070.0100.0211/323/641/16
0.0070.0100.0131/641/641/64
0.0110.0150.0251/323/641/16
Note: Out of hexagon section is the greatest difference between any two dimen-sions at the same cross section between opposite faces.
K-52
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsSquare Edge and Round Edge Flats
Thickness and Width Tolerances
To 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl.Over 2 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl.
Specified Size In Inches
.203 to .230 excl.
Over 2 to 3, incl.
Over 1 to 2, incl.
Over 1/2 to 1,
incl.
.230 to 1/4
excl.
1/4 to 1/2
incl.
Over 3
Specified Thickness In Inches
0.0070.0070.0080.009
-
0.0070.0070.0080.0090.015
0.0080.0120.0150.0150.015
--
3/643/64
-
--
3/643/643/64
-1/321/321/321/32
0.0100.0150.0200.0200.025
Tolerance, InchesSpecified Width
in Inches Over Under
To 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl.Over 2 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl.
1/641/321/163/321/8*
1/641/321/321/163/32*
*Forflatsover6”to8”inwidth,andto3”incl,inthickness
All Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsStraightness Tolerances
1/8” in any 5 ft. or 1/4” number of ft. of length divided by 5. Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bars if any subsequent heating operation or controlled cooling has been performed.
K-53
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsBar Size Angles
Thickness, Length, and Out-of-Square Tolerances
Specified Length
of Leg in Inches
Thickness Tolerances for Thicknesses Given, Over and Under, In.
Tolerances for length of leg,
over and under in inches
To 3/16, incl.
Over 3/16 to 3/8, incl.
Over 3/8
To 1, incl. Over 1 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 3, incl.
0.0080.0100.012
0.0100.0100.015
-0.0120.015
1/323/641/16
The longer leg of an unequal angle determines the size tolerance. The out-of-square tolerance in either direction , 1-1/2o.
Bar Size TeesDimensional tolerances
Specified Size of Tee In Inches
Width or Depth, In.
Thicness Of Flanges, In.
Stem Out-of-Square†
Inches
Thickness of Stem, In.
Over Under Over Under Over Under
To 1-1/4, incl.
Over 1-1/4 to 2, incl.
Over 2 to 3, incl.
3/64
1/16
3/32
3/64
1/16
3/32
0.010
0.012
0.015
0.010
0.012
0.015
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.020
0.020
1/32
1/16
3/32
The longer member of an unequal tee determines the size for tolerances. Mea-surements for both width and depth are overall. †Stem out-of-square is the varia-tion from its true position of the center line of stem, measured at the point.
Bar Size Channels
Depth of Section, Width of Flange, Thickness of Web and Out-of-Square Tolerances
Specified Size of
Channel in Inches
Size Tolerance, Over or Under, Inches
Depth of
Section
Width of
FlangesTo 3/16,
Incl. Over 3/16
Thickness of Web
Out-of-Square** of
either Flange Inches, per
inch of Flange width
To 1-1/2, incl.
Over 1-1/2 to 3, excl.
1/32
1/16
1/32
1/16
0.010
0.015
0.015
0.020
1/32
1/32
**For channels 5/8” or under in depth, the permissible out of square is 3/64” perinchofdepth.Measurementsfordepthofsectionandwidthofflangesareoverall.
K-54
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsAll Bars and Bar Size Sections**
Length TolerancesSize of
Rounds, Squares,
Hexagons, Inches
Specified Size of FlatsTolerances Over Specified Length,
Inches. No Tolerances UnderWidth Inches
ThicknessInches
5” to 10” excl.
10” to 20 excl.
20” to 30” excl.
30” to 40” excl.
40” to 60” excl.
Mill Cutting:
To 1, incl.
Over 1 to 2 incl.
Over 2 to 5, incl.
Over 5 to 10, incl.
To 3, incl.
To 3, incl. Over 3 to 6, incl.
Over 3 to 6, incl.
-Over 6 to 8 incl. Over 6 to 8, incl.
To 1, incl.
Over 1To 1, incl.
Over 1
-.230 to 1, incl. Over 1 to 3
1/2
5/85/8
1
2
3/41-1/4
3/4
11
1-1/2
2-1/2
1-1/41-3/4
1-1/4
1-1/21-1/2
1-3/4
2-3/4
1-3/42
2-1/4
2-1/22-1/2
2-3/4
3-1/4
44
1-3/4
22
2-1/4
3
3-1/23-1/2
Hot Sawing:
2 to 5* incl.Over 5 to 10, incl. Bar Size Sections
3 & over 1 & over *
*5/8
1-1/2
2-1/21
1-3/4
2-3/41-1/2
2-1/4
32
2-3/4
3-1/42-1/2
*Smaller sizes and shorter lengths are not hot sawed.
Straightness Tolerances
1/4” in any 5 ft. or 1/4” x number of ft. of length divided by 5.
Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bars if any subse-quent heating operation or controlled cooling has been performed.
Straightness Tolerances for Machine Straightened Bars
1/8” in any 5 ft. or 1/8” x number of ft. of length divided by 5.
Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bars if any subse-quent heating operation or controlled cooling has been performed after straighten-ing. **Exception-Tolerances for half rounds and ovals, ovals and other special bar size sections are commonly negotiated between purchaser and producer.
K-55
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Cold Finished Carbon Steel Bars
Undersize Variations in Inches
Max. CarbonRange Over.55% or all
GradesQuenched &
Tempered Or
Normalized &Tempered
BeforeCold Finishing
Max. CarbonRange to
0.55% incl., Stress
Relieved orAnnealedAfter ColdFinishing
Max CarbonRange Over
.28% to .55% Incl.
Max CarbonRange .28%
or less
Size Range
in Inches
Cold Drawn or Turned & Polished Rounds
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
1-1/2 or underOver 1-1/2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 4, incl. Over 4 to 6, incl. Over 6 to 8, incl. Over 8 to 9, incl. Over 9
Cold Drawn Hexagons
3/4 or underOver 3/4 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/8, incl
.002
.003
.004
.005
.003
.004
.005
.006
.004
.005
.006
.007
.006
.007
.008
.009
Cold Drawn Squares3/4 or underOver 3/4 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 4, incl
.002
.003
.004
.006
.003
.004
.005
.006
.002
.003
.004
.005
.007
.008
.009
.011
Cold Drawn FlatsTolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width.
To 3/4, incl. Over 3/4 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 3, incl. Over 3 to 4, incl. Over 4 to 6, incl.Over 6
.003
.004
.005
.006
.008
.013
.004
.005
.006
.008
.010
.015
.006
.008
.010
.011
.012-
.008
.010
.012
.016
.020-
K-56
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Cold Finished Carbon Steel Bars
Turned, Ground and Polished RoundsCold Drawn, Ground and Polished Rounds
SizeRange
in Inches
Undersized Variations in InchesTurned, Ground
and Polished Rounds
Cold Drawn, Ground and
Polished Rounds
1-1/2 and under
Over 1-1/2 to less than 2-1/2
2-1/2 to 3, incl.
Over 3 to 4, incl.
Over 4 to 6, incl.
Over 6
.001
.0015
.002
.003
.004*
.005*
.001
.0015
.002
.003
-
-
*Fornonresulphurizedsteels(steelsspecifiedtomaximumsulphurlimitsunder0.08%) or for steels thermally treated, the tolerance is increased by .001”.
K-57
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Hot Rolled Alloy Steel BarsRounds & Squares
Variation from Size in InchesSpecified Size in Inches
Out of Round* or Square in Inches Over Under
Up to 5/16, incl. Over 5/16 to 7/16, incl. Over 7/16 to 5/8, incl. Over 5/8 to 7/8, incl. Over 7/8 to 1, incl. Over 1 to 1-1/8, incl. Over 1-1/8 to 1-1/4, incl. Over 1-1/4, to 1-3/8, incl. Over 1-3/8 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2, incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2, incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2, incl. Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2, incl. Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2, incl. Over 6-1/2 to 8-1/4, incl. Over 8-1/4 to 9-1/2, incl.
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.0141/641/323/641/165/641/85/323/16
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.0141/64
-------
.008
.009
.010
.012
.013
.015
.016
.018
.021
.023
.023
.035
.046
.058
.070
.085
.100
*Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of a round bar measured at the same cross section. Out-of-square is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of square bar - each dimension being the distance between opposite faces.
Hexagons & OctagonsVariation from Size in InchesSpecified Sizes Mea-
sured between oppo-site sides in Inches
Max. Difference in Inches (Three Measurements
Hexagons Only) Over Under
Up to 1/2, incl. Over 1/2 to 1, incl. Over 1 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2, incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2, incl
.007
.010
.0211/323/641/16
.007
.010
.0131/641/641/64
.007
.010
.0211/323/641/16
Square Edge and Round Edge FlatsTolerances Apply to Thickness in Inches
Specified Width in Inches
Variations From Width
in Inches
Variations from Thickness in Inches(Tolerances are over or under)
Under 1/4” thick
1/4” to 1/2” thick
Over 1/2” to 1” thick
Over 1” to 2”
thick
Over 2” to 4”
thick Over Under
Up to 1, incl. Over 1 to 2, incl. Over 2 to 4, incl. Over 4 to 6, incl.Over 6 to 8, incl.
.007
.007
.008
.009
.015
.008
.012
.015
.015
.016
--
3/641/161/16
-1/321/321/321/32
.010
.015
.020
.020
.025
1/641/321/321/163/32
1/641/321/163/321/8
K-58
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Hot Rolled Alloy Steel Bars
Standard Straightness - 1/4” in any 5 feet, or 1/4” x number of feet of length divided by 5.
Special Straightness - 1/8” in any 5 feet, or 1/8” x number of feet of length divided by 5.
Note: Straightness tolerances do not apply to H.R. alloy steel bars if any subse-quent heating operation was performed.
K-59
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Cold Finished Alloy Steel Bars*
Undersize Variations from Size in Inches
Max. CarbonRange Over.55% with or
without Stress Relieving or
Annealing after Cold Finishing.
Also all Carbons Heat Tr. or Norm. & Temp. Before Cold Finishing
Annld. or Stress Relieved after C.F.
Max. Carb. to .55%
Max CarbonRange Over
.28% to .55% Incl.
Max CarbonRange .28%
or less
Specified Size in Inches
Cold Drawn or Turned & Polished Rounds
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
To 1 incl. (In coils)To 1-1/2 incl.Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2Over 2-1/2 to 4Over 4 to 6Over 6 to 8Over 8 to 9Over 9
Cold Drawn Hexagons
To 3/4, incl. Over 3/4 to 1-1/2Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2Over 2-1/2 to 4
.003
.004
.005
.006
Cold Drawn Squares
To 3/4, incl. Over 3/4 to 1-1/2Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2Over 2-1/2 to 4Over 4 to 5
.003
.004
.005
.007
.011
Cold Drawn FlatsTolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width.
Width in InchesTo 3/4, incl. Over 3/4 to 1-1/2 Over 1-1/2 to 3Over 3 to 4Over 4 to 6Over 6
.004
.005
.006
.007
.009
.014
.004
.005
.006
.007
.005
.006
.007
.008
.007
.008
.009
.010
.005
.006
.007
.009 -
.006
.007
.008
.010 -
.008
.009
.010
.012 -
.005
.006
.007
.009
.011 -
.007
.009
.011
.012
.013 -
.009
.011
.013
.017
.021 -
*Tolerances for sizes over 4” are standards of major producers.
K-60
Standard Manufacturing Tolerances
Cold Finished Alloy Steel Bars*Cold Drawn, Ground, and Polished Rounds
Turned, Ground, and Polished Rounds
Diameter in
Inches
Not Heat Treated All Carb.
Heat Treated** All Carb.
All Carbons with or without Thermal
Treatment before Cold Drawing
Cold Drawn, Ground & Polished Turned, Ground & Polished
To 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2, incl. 2-1/2 to 3, incl. Over 3 to 4, incl. Over 4 to 6, incl. Over 6
.001
.0015
.002
.003--
.001
.0015
.002
.003
.004
.005
.001
.0015
.002
.003
.005
.006
*Tolerances for sizes over 4” are standards of major producers. **Applies for quenched and tempered, normalized and tempered, or any similar double treatment prior to turning.
K-61
AISI Thickness Tolerance Ranges
Galvanized Steel Sheets
Gage No.
ThicknessInches
Dec. Equiv.
Toler. Range
lbs. per sq. ft. Weight Equiv.*
Gage No.
ThicknessInches
Dec. Equiv.
Toler. Range
lbs. per sq. ft.
Weight Equiv.*
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
.1382
.1233
.1084
.0934
.0785
.0710
.0635
.0575
.0516
.0456
.0396
.1472
.1292
.1323
.1143
.1174
.0994
.0625
.0525
.0695
.0575
.0770
.0650
.0865
.0705
.1014
.0854
.0436
.0356
.0506
.0406
.0566
.0466
5.78125
5.15625
4.53125
3.90625
3.28125
2.96875
2.65625
2.40625
2.15625
1.90625
1.65625
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
.0366
.0336
.0306
.0276
.0247
.0217
.0202
.0187
.0172
.0157
1.53125
1.40625
1.28125
1.15625
1.03125
.90625
.84375
.78125
.71875
.65625.0187.0127
.0202
.0142
.0217
.0157
.0232
.0172
.0247
.0187
.0287
.0207
.0316
.0236
.0346
.0266
.0376
.0296
.0406
.0326
Carbon Steel Sheets ● Hot Rolled ● H R P & O ● Cold Rolled
Gage No.
ThicknessInches
Dec. Equiv.
Toler. Range
lbs. per sq.
ft.
Wt. Equiv.*Gage No.
ThicknessInches
Dec. Equiv.
Toler. Range
CR
lbs. per sq.
ft. Weight
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
.2242
.2092
.1943
.1793
.1644
.1495
.1345
.1196
.1046
.0897
.0747
.0673
.0598
.0538
.2033
.1853
.1873
.1713
.1126
.0966
.1276.1116
.1425
.1265
.1575
.1415
.1724
.1564
.0733
.0613
.0817
.0677
.0967
.0827
9.375
8.750
8.125
7.500
6.875
6.250
5.625
5.000
4.375
3.750
2.812
2.500
2.250
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
.0478
.0418
.0359
.0329
.0299
.0269
.0239
.0209
.0179
.0164
.0149
.0135
.0120
2.000
1.750
1.500
1.375
1.250
1.125
1.000
.875
.750
.688
.625
.562
.500
.0184
.0144
.0199
.0159
.0239
.0179
.0269
.0209
.0299
.0239
.0329
.0269
.0359
.0299
.0389
.0329
.0458
.0378
.0518
.0438
HRP&O CR
*Based on density of .2904 lb per cubic inch.
.0130
.0110
.0155
.0115
.0169
.0129
.2332
.2152
.0598
.0478
.0658
.0538
.2182
.2002
.0578
.0498
.0648
.0548
.0723
.0623
.0797
.0697
.0947
.0847
.1106
.0986
.1256
.1136
.1405
.1285
.1585
.1405
.1734
.1554
.1883
.1703
K-62
Carbon Steel Sheets
Hot Rolled Sheets - Dimension Tolerances
Thickness Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths, Including Pickled Sheets
Thickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*SpecifiedThicknessinInches
Specified Width in Inches
0.2299 to .1800
.1799 to .0972
.0971 to .0710
.0709 to .0568
.0567 to .0509
.0508 to .0449
Over 12 to 20 incl. Over 20 to 40 incl. Over 40 to 48 incl. Over 48 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl. Over 72
.007
.008
.009---
.007
.007
.008
.008
.008
.008
.006
.007
.007
.007
.008
.008
.006
.006
.006
.007
.007-
.005
.005
.006
.006
.007-
.005
.005
.005---
Thickness Tolerances for Coils Over .180” Thick
Thickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*SpecifiedThicknessinInches
Specified Width in Inches
.5000 to .3751
.3750 to .3125
.3124 to .2300
.2299 to .1800
Over 12 to 15 incl. Over 15 to 20 incl. Over 20 to 32 incl. Over 32 to 40 incl.Over 40 to 48 incl. Over 48 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl.
.014
.015
.016
.017
.018
.019
.021
.012
.014
.015
.016
.017
.019
.021
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
-----
.011
.012
Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 3/8 in. from a cut edge and not less than 3/4 in. from a mill edge. The above table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
*Regardlessofwhethertotalthicknesstoleranceisspecifiedequallyorunequally,over and under, the total tolerance should be equal to twice the tabular toler-ances.
K-63
Carbon Steel Sheets
Hot Rolled Sheets - Dimension TolerancesWidth Tolerances for Coils and Cut Lengths,
Including Pickled Sheets
Width Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance Under
Specified Widthin Inches
Tolerances in Inches
Specified Widthin Inches
Tolerances in Inches
Hot Rolled Cut Edge Sheets - Not Resquared Up to 30 incl. Over 30 to 48 incl. Over 48 to 60 incl.
Over 60 to 80 incl. Over 80
1/83/161/4
5/163/8
The above applies to thickness of 0.2299” or thinner.
Hot Rolled Mill Edge SheetsOver 12 to 14 incl. Over 14 to 17 incl. Over 17 to 19 incl. Over 19 to 21 incl. Over 21 to 24 incl.
Over 24 to 26 incl. Over 26 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 50 incl. Over 50 to 78 incl. Over 78
7/161/29/165/8
11/16
13/1615/161-1/81-1/21-7/8
The above tolerances do not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
Length Tolerances for Sheets Not Resquared, Including Pickled Sheets
Length Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance UnderSpecified Width
in InchesTolerances in Inches
Specified Widthin Inches
Tolerances in Inches
Up to 15 incl. Over 15 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 120 incl.
Over 120 to 156 incl. Over 156 to 192 incl. Over 192 to 240 incl. Over 240
1/81/41/23/4
11-1/41-1/21-3/4
Camber Tolerances (Includes Pickled Sheets)Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measure-ment being taken on the concave side with a straight edge. Camber tolerances for sheets in cut lengths, not resquared, are shown below:
Cut Length in Ft.
Camber Tolerances in Inches
Up to 4 incl. Over 4 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 10 incl. Over 10 to 12 incl. Over 12 to 14 incl.
Over 14 to 16 incl. Over 16 to 18 incl. Over 18 to 20 incl. Over 20 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 40 incl.
1/83/161/45/163/81/2
5/83/47/8
1-1/41-1/2
Cut Length in Ft.
Camber Tolerances in Inches
For sheets in coils, camber should not exceed 1” in any 20 feet of length.
K-64
Carbon Steel Sheets
Hot Rolled Sheets - Dimension Tolerances
Out-of-Square Tolerances for Cut Edge Sheets NotResquared, Including Pickled Sheets
Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the sheet. The out-of-square deviation is one-half of that difference. The tolerance for sheets of all gauges and all size is 1/16” per 6” of width or fraction thereof.
Resquared Tolerances(Includes Pickled Sheets)
Whensheetsarespecifiedresquared,thewidthandlengtharenotlessthanthedimensionsspecified.Theindividualtoleranceforover-width,over-length,cam-ber or out-of-square should not exceed 1/16” for sheets up to and including 48” in width and up to and including 120” in length; or 1/8” for wider or longer sheets.
Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Not Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness
Including Pickled SheetsSpecified
Widthin Inches
Specified Thicknessin Inches
Flatness* Tolerancein Inches
0.449 to 0.0567
0.0568 to 0.1799
0.1800 to 0.2299
To 36 incl. Over 36 to 60 incl. Over 60
To 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl. To 48 incl.
To 48 incl.
1/23/41
1/23/41
1/2
*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.Theabovetablealsoappliestosheetscut-to-lengthfromcoilsbytheconsumerwhenadequateflatteningoperations are performed.
Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Specified to StretcherLeveled Standard of Flatness,
Including Pickled Sheets
Specified Width
in Inches
Specified Thicknessin Inches
Flatness* Tolerancein Inches
Specified Length
in Inches.0499 & thicker To 48 incl.
Over 48To 96 incl. Over 96
1/81/4
*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.
K-65
Carbon Steel Sheets
Hot Rolled Sheets - Dimension Tolerances
Allowance in Width and Length for Sheets Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness, Not Resquared
Including Pickled Sheets
Allowances are over Specified Dimensions.
Specified Length in
Inches
Width in
Inches
Specified: “Grip or entry marks outside
specified length”
Specified: “Grip or entry marks inside specified length”
Length in Inches
To 120 incl. Over 120 to 156 incl. Over 156
3/41
1-1/4
445
334
K-66
Cold Rolled Sheets - Dimension TolerancesThickness Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths-
Over 12” WideThickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*
Specified Thickness in InchesSpecified Width in Inches
0.1419 to .0972
.0971 to .0710
.0709 to .0568
.0567 to .0389
.0388 to .0195
.0194 to .0142
Over 12 to 15 incl. Over 15 to 72 incl. Over 72
.005
.006
.007
.005
.005
.006
.002
.002
-
.003
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 3/8 inch from a side edge.
*Regardlessofwhethertotalthicknesstoleranceisspecifiedequallyorunequally,over and under, the total tolerance should be equal to twice the tabular tolerances.
Thickness Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths-2” to 12” Wide
Thickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*
Specified Thickness in InchesSpecified Width
in Inches .0821 to .0568 .0567 to .0389 .0388 to .0195 .00194 to .0142
2 to 12 incl. .005 .004 .002.003
Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 3/8 inch from a side edge.
*Regardlessofwhethertotalthicknesstoleranceisspecifiedequallyorunequally,over and under, the total tolerance should be equal to twice the tabular tolerances.
This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.
K-67
Carbon Steel Sheets
Cold Rolled Sheets - Dimension Tolerances
Width Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths-Over 12” Wide
Width Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance UnderSpecified Width
in InchesTolerances in Inches
Specified Widthin Inches
Tolerances in Inches
Over 12 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 48 incl. Over 48 to 60 incl.
1/83/161/4
Over 60 to 80 incl. Over 80
5/163/8
Width Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths-2” to 12” Wide
Width Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*Specified Width in Inches
Specified Thicknessin Inches
2 to 6 inclusive
Over 9 to 12 inclusive
Over 6 to 9 inclusive
.0821 to .0681
.0680 to .0142.012.008
.016
.016.032.032
This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.
Length Tolerances for Cut Lengths-Over 12” Wide Not Resquared
Length Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance UnderSpecified Length
in InchesLength Tolerances
in InchesSpecified Length
in InchesLength Tolerances
in InchesOver 12 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 96 incl. Over 96 to 120 incl.
1/81/41/23/4
Over 120 to 156 incl. Over 156 to 192 incl. Over 192 to 240 incl. Over 240
11-1/41-1/21-3/4
Length Tolerances for Cut Lengths-2” to 12” Wide Not Resquared
Length Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance UnderSpecified Width
in Inches24 to 60 inclusive
Over 60 to 120 inclusive
Over 120 to 240inclusive
2 to 12 inclusive 1/2 3/4 1
This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.
K-68
Carbon Steel Sheets
Cold Rolled Sheets - Dimension Tolerances
Camber Tolerances for SheetsOver 12” Wide
Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measure-ment being taken on the concave side with a straight edge. Camber tolerances for sheets in cut lengths, not resquared, are shown below:
Cut Length in Ft.
Camber Tolerances in Inches
Up to 4 incl. Over 4 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 10 incl. Over 10 to 12 incl. Over 12 to 14 incl.
1/83/161/45/163/81/2
Over 14 to 16 incl. Over 16 to 18 incl. Over 18 to 20 incl. Over 20 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 40 incl.
5/83/47/8
1-1/41-1/2
Cut Length in Ft.
Camber Tolerances in Inches
For sheets in coils, camber should not exceed 1” in any 20 feet of length. Cam-ber tolerances for cils 2” to 12” wide are 1/4” in any 8 feet.
Out-of-Square Tolerances for SheetsOver 12” Wide Not Resquared
Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the sheet. The out-of-square deviation is one-half of that difference. The tolerance for sheets of all gauges and all sizes is 1/16” per 6” of width or fraction thereof.
General Tolerances for Resquared SheetsOver 12” Wide
Whensheetsarespecifiedresquared,thewidthandlengtharenotlessthanthedimensionsspecified.Theindividualtoleranceforover-width,over-length,cam-ber or out-of-square should not exceed 1/16” for sheets up to and including 48” in width and up to and including 120” in length; or 1/8” for wider or longer sheets.
Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Over 12” Wide Not Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness
Specified Thicknessin Inches
Specified Widthin Inches
Flatness* Tolerancein Inches
Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60, incl. Over 60 to 72, incl. Over 72
Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60, incl. Over 60
0.449 & thicker
.0448 & thinner
1/43/85/87/8
3/85/87/8
*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.Note 1: The above table does not apply to full hard sheets produced to hardness ranges. Note 2: The above table also applies to sheets cut to length from coils by the consumer whenadequateflatteningmeasuresareperformed.
K-69
Carbon Steel Sheets
Cold Rolled Sheets - Dimension Tolerances
Flatness Tolerances for SheetsSpecified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness
Specified Thicknessin Inches
Specified Widthin Inches
Flatness* Tolerancein Inches
To 48, incl. over 48
To 36, incl. over 36
.0284 & thicker
.0283 to .0157 incl.
1/81/4
1/43/8
Specified Lengthin Inches
To 120, incl. over 120
To 120, incl. over 120
*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.
Allowances in Width and Length for Sheets Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness Not Resquared
Allowances are over specified dimensions
Specified Length in
Inches
Width in
Inches
Specified: “Grip or entry marks outside
specified length”
Specified: “Grip or entry marks inside specified length”
Length in Inches
To 120 incl. Over 120 to 156 incl. Over 156
3/41
1-1/4
445
334
K-70
Carbon Steel SheetsGalvanized Sheets-Hot Dipped
Coating Designation and Minimum Coating Test Limits
TypeCoating
Designation
PreviousCoating Classoz. per sq. ft.
Triple Spot Testoz. per sq. ft.
Single Spot Testoz. per sq. ft.
Minimum Check Limit
Regular RegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularAlloyedAlloyedAlloyed
G235G210G185G165G140G115G90G60G01A60A40A01
2.752.502.252.001.751.50
1.25 Commercial Light Commercial
----
2.352.101.851.651.401.15.0900.60
No Minimum 0.600.40
No Minimum
2.001.801.601.401.201.000.800.50
No Minimum 0.650.43
No Minimum
The weight of coating in oz. per sq. ft. refers to the total coating on both surfaces. thecoatingdesignationnumberisthetermbywhichthisproductisspecified.
K-71
Carbon Steel SheetsGalvanized Sheets-Hot Dipped
Thickness Tolerances for Coils and Cut LengthsThickness Tolerances are Over or Under in Inches
Specified Width in Inches
Specified Thickness in Inches
.1868 to .1009
.1008 to .0748
.0747 to .0606
.0605 to .0426
.0425 to .0232
.0231 & thinner
To 32, incl. Over 32 to 40Over 40 to 60Over 60 to 72
.008
.008
.009
.009
.007
.008
.008
.009
.006
.006
.006
.006
.005
.005
.005
.005
.004
.004
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
-
Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 3/8 inch from a side edge.
*Regardlessofwhethertotalthicknesstoleranceisspecifiedequallyorunequally,over and under, the total tolerance should be equal to twice the tabular tolerances
Width Tolerances for Coils and Cut Lengths Over 12” Wide Not Resquared
Width Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance Under
Specified Width in Inches
Width Tolerance in Inches
Specified Width in Inches
Width Tolerance in Inches
Up to 30 incl. Over 30 to 48 incl.
Over 48 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl.
1/83/16
1/45/16
Width Tolerances for Coils and Cut Lengths 2” to 12” Wide Not Resquared
Thickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches
Specified Width in Inches
Specified Thickness in Inches
2 to 6 inclusive
Over 6 to 9 inclusive
Over 9 to 12 inclusive
.0821 to .0681
.0680 to .0142 .012.008
.016
.016.032.032
This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.
K-72
Carbon Steel SheetsGalvanized Sheets-Hot Dipped
Length Tolerances for Sheets Not ResquaredLength Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance Under
Specified Length in Inches
Tolerance in Inches
Specified Length in Inches
Tolerance in Inches
Over 12 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 96 incl. Over 96 to 120 incl.
Over 120 to 156 incl. Over 156 to 192 incl. Over 192 to 240 incl. Over 240
1/81/41/23/4
11-1/41-1/21-3/4
Length Tolerances for Sheets 2 “ to 12” Wide Not ResquaredLength Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance Under
Specified Width in Inches
24 to 60 inclusive
Over 60 to 120 inclusive
Over 120 to 240 inclusive
2 to 12 inclusive 1/2 3/4 1
This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.
Camber Tolerances
Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measure-ment being taken on the concave side with a straight edge. The camber toler-ances for sheets in cut lengths, not resquared, are shown below:
Cut Length in Ft.
Camber Tolerances in Inches
Up to 4 incl. Over 4 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 10 incl. Over 10 to 12 incl. Over 12 to 14 incl.
Over 14 to 16 incl. Over 16 to 18 incl. Over 18 to 20 incl. Over 20 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 40 incl.
1/83/161/45/163/81/2
5/83/47/8
1-1/41-1/2
Cut Length in Ft.
Camber Tolerances in Inches
Out-of-Square Tolerances For Sheets Not ResquaredOut-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the sheet. The out-of-square deviation is one-half of that difference. The tolerance for sheets of all gauges and all sizes is 1/16” per 6” of width or fraction thereof.
Resquared Tolerances Whensheetsarespecifiedresquared,thewidthandlengtharenotlessthanthedimensionsspecified.Theindividualtoleranceforover-width,over-length,cam-ber or out-of-square should not exceed 1/16” for sheets up to and including 48” in width and up to and including 120” in length; or 1/8” for wider or longer sheets.
K-73
Carbon Steel SheetsGalvanized Sheets-Hot Dipped
Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Over 12” Wide Not Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness
Specified Wt. in Lbs. per Sq. Ft.
Specified Thickness in Inches
Specified Width in Inches
Flatness* Tolerance in Inches
2.031 (18 G.S.G.) and heavier
2.030 (19 G.S.G.) and lighter
.0486 andthicker
.0485 andthinner
Up 50 36, incl. Over 36 to 60, incl. Over 60 to 72, incl.
Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60, incl. Over 60 to 72, incl.
1/43/85/8
3/85/87/8
*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.Note 1: The above table does not apply to full hard sheet or sheets produced to hardness ranges. Note 2: The above table also applies to sheets cut to length from coils by the consumerwhenadequateflatteningmeasuresareperformed.
Flatness Tolerances for Sheet Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness
Specified Wt. in Lbs. per Sq. Ft.
Specified Thick., Inches
Specified Width, Inches
Specified Length, Inches
Flatness* Tol., In.
1.344 (22 G.S.G.) and heavier
1.343 (23 G.S.G.) and lighter
0486 andthicker
0485 andthinner
To 48, incl.Over 48
To 36, incl. Over 36
To 120, incl. Over 120
To 120, incl. Over 120
1/81/4
1/43/8
*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.
Allowances in Width and Length for Sheets Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness Not Resquared
Allowances are over specified dimensions
Specified Length in
Inches
Width in
Inches
Specified: “Grip or entry marks outside
specified length”
Specified: “Grip or entry marks inside specified length”
Length in Inches
To 120 incl. Over 120 to 156 incl. Over 156
3/41
1-1/4
445
334
Galvanized Sheets-Electrolytic Zinc Coated
Except for thickness tolerances shown following, dimensional tolerances for elec-trolytic zinc coated sheets are the same as those for cold rolled sheets.
K-74
Carbon Steel SheetsGalvanized Sheets-Hot Dipped
Thickness Tolerances for Coils and Cut LengthsThickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches
Specified Thickness in Inches
Specified Width
in Inches
.0971 to
.0568
.0567 to
.0389
.0388to
.0195
.0194to
.0142
.0141 to
thinner
Up to 40Over to 60
.005
.005.004.004
.003
.003.002.002
.0015-
Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 3/8 inch from a side edge.
*Regardlessofwhethertotalthicknesstoleranceisspecifiedequallyorunequally,over and under, the total tolerance should be equal to twice the tabular tolerances.
K-75
Aluminum Coated Sheets - Type 1(Aluminized)
Gauge and Thickness Equivalents
Alum. Coated Ga.
No.
Lbs. per Square
Foot
Thick. Equivalent,
in.
Alum. Coated Ga.
No.
Lbs. per Square
Foot
Thick. Equivalent,
in.
121314151617181920
4.4523.8273.2022.8892.5772.3272.0771.8271.577
.1084
.0934
.0785
.0710
.0635
.0575
.0516
.0456
.0396
2122232425262728
1.4521.3271.2021.0770.9520.8270.7640.702
.0366
.0336
.0306
.0276
.0247
.0217
.0202
.0187
Aluminum Coated Sheets - Type 1(Aluminized)
Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Over 12” Wide Not Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness
Specified Wt. in Lbs. per Sq. Ft.
Specified Thickness in Inches
Specified Width in Inches
Flatness* Tolerance in Inches
1.952 (18 A.C.G.) and heavier
1.951 (19 A.C.G.) and lighter
.0486 and thicker
.0485 and thinner
Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60 incl.
Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60 incl.
1/43/8
3/85/8
*Maximumdeviationfromhorizontalflatsurface.
Note 1: The above table does not apply to full hard sheets or sheets produced to hardness ranges. Note 2: The above table also applies to sheets cut to length from coils by the con-sumerwhenadequateflatteningmeasuresareperformed.
K-76
Carbon Steel SheetsAluminum Coated Sheets - Type 1
(Aluminized)
Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness
Specified Wt. in Lbs. per Sq. Ft.
Specified Thick., Inches
Specified Width, Inches
Flatness* Tol.,
Inches
Specified Length,Inches
1.265 (22 A.C.G.) and heavier
1.264 (23 A.C.G.) to .734 (27 A.C.G) incl.
.0322 and thicker
.0321 to .0195 incl.
To 48, incl. Over 48
To 36, incl. Over 36
To 120, incl. Over 120
To 120, incl. Over 120
1/81/4
1/43/8
*Maximumdeviationfromhorizontalflatsurface.
Dimensional tolerances for aluminum coated sheets are the same as for hot dipped galvanized sheets. See previous tables.
K-77
Carbon Steel Strip - Hot RolledThickness Tolerances for Coils and Cut LengthsThickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches
Specified Thickness in InchesSpecified
Width in Inches
0.0343 to
0.0255
0.0448 to
0.0344
0.0567 to
0.0449
0.1179 to
0.0568
0.1874 to
0.1180
0.2030 to
0.1875
0.2299 to
0.2031
Up to 3-1/2 incl.
Over 3-1/2 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 12 incl.
-
-
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
-
0.003
-
-
Thickness measurements are taken 3/8” from edge of strip on 1” or wider and at any place on the strip when narrower than 1”. The given tolerances do not include crown.
Crown Tolerances
Strip may be thicker at the center than at a point 3/8” from the edge by the follow-ing amounts:
Specified Thickness in InchesSpecified
Width in Inches
0.0343 to
0.0255
0.0448 to
0.0344
0.0567 to
0.0449
0.1179 to
0.0568
0.1874 to
0.1180
0.2030 to
0.1875
0.2299 to
0.2031
Over 1 to 3-1/2 incl.
Over 3-1/2 to 6 incl.
Over 6 to 12 incl.
-
-
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.003
-
0.002
-
-
K-78
Carbon Steel Strip - Hot Rolled
Width TolerancesWidth Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches
Specified Thickness in Inches
Specified Width
in Inches
Mill Edge & Square Edge All
Thicknesses
Slit or Cut Edge Up to 0.109 incl.
Over 0.109
Up to 2 incl. Over 2 to 5 incl. Over 5 to 10 incl. Over 10 to 12 incl.
1/323/641/163/32
0.0080.0080.0100.016
0.0160.0160.0160.016
Length TolerancesTolerances are Specified Length. No Tolerances are Under.
Specified Length in FeetSpecified
Width in Inches
Up to 5 incl.
Over 5 to 10 incl.
Over 10 to 20 incl.
Over 20 to 30 incl.
Over 30 to 40 incl.
Over 40
To 3 incl.
Over 3 to 6 incl.
Over 6 to 12 incl.
1/4
3/8
1/2
3/8
1/2
3/4
1/2
5/8
1
1-1/2
1-1/2
1-3/4
1
1
1-1/2
3/4
3/4
1-1/4
Camber Tolerances for Mill Edge, Square Edge & Slit or Cut Edge Strip
Camber is the deviation of a side edge from a straight line. Such deviation is obtained by placing an 8-foot straight edge on the concave side and measuring the greatest distance between the strip edge and the straight edge.
For strip wider than 1-1/2” ......................................................... 1/4” in any 8 feet
For strip 1-1/2” and narrower ..................................................... 1/2” in any 8 feet
When the camber tolerances shown above are not suitable for a particular pur-pose, hot rolled strip is sometimes machine straightened.
K-79
Structural Steel TubeDimensional Tolerances
Outside Diameter: Largest outside dimension..................Outside tolerance including convexity and concavity
Up to 2-1/2”.............................................. ± .020”Over 2-1/2” to 3-1/2” inclusive ................. ± .025”Over 3-1/2” to 5-1/2” inclusive ................. ± .030”Over 5-1/2” ................................................ ± 1%
Corner Radii:The radius of any outside corner shall notexceedthreetimesthespecifiedwall thickness. Twist:Longest outside dimension.........Maximum twist per 3 feet of length
2” to 2-1/2” inclusive .............................. .062”over 2-1/2” to 4 inclusive ....................... .075”over 4” to 6” inclusive ............................ .087”over 6” to 8” inclusive ............................ .100”over 8” ................................................... .112”
Tolerances include allowance for convexity or concavity. For rectangular sections, the tolerance calculatedforthelargerflatdimensionshallalsoapplytothesmallerflatdimension.Thistolerancemay be increased 50 percent when applies to the smaller dimension, if the ratio of cross sectional dimensions is between 1.5 and 3, and 100 percent when the ratio exceeds 3.
Wall Thickness: Maximum allowable variation ± 10% (wall thick-nessistobemeasuredatthecenteroftheflat,exclusive of the weld area, and not at corners).
Straightness: Permissible variation shall be 1/8” times the num-ber of feet of total length divided by 5:
.125” x (total length) ÷ 5
Squareness of Sides: Adjacent sides may deviate from 90 degrees by a tolerance of plus or minus 2 degrees maximum.
Flash: Structuraltubingusuallyissuppliedflashin.Theheightoftheflashwillvarywiththewallthicknessof the tube.
Seamless Mechanical Steel Tube Tolerances Hot Rolled Round Carbon & Alloy Steel
Diameter Tolerances OUTSIDE DIAMETER TOLERANCES (INCHES) OUTSIDE DIAMETER TOLERANCES (INCHES)
Specified Size O.D. (Inches)
As Rolled or Annealed Plus
& Minus
Oil Quenched & Tempered
Plus & Minus
Specified Size O.D. (Inches)
As Rolled or Annealed Plus
& Minus
Oil Quenched & Tempered
Plus & Minus
2.000 to 2.4992.500 to 2.9993.000 to 3.4993.500 to 3.999
4.000 to 4.4994.500 to 4.9995.000 to 5.4995.500 to 5.999
6.000 to 6.4996.500 to 6.9997.000 to 7.4997.500 to 7.999
Note 1: Normalized and tempered tolerances. Note 2: Ifwaterquenchandtemperisrequiredforspecified-RefertoMillforapplicabletolerance.Note 3: Tolerances are ASTM-A-519.Note 4: HotRolledtubingusuallyspecifiedODxWallonly.
8.000 to 8.4998.500 to 8.9999.000 to 9.4999.500 to 9.999
.017”
.019”
.021”
.023”
10.000 to 10.49910.500 to 11.00011.001 to 11.49911.500 to 11.999
12.000 to 13.99914.000 to 15.99916.000 to 17.99918.000 to 24.000
.033”
.035”
.037”
.040”
.025”
.027”
.029”
.031”
.027”
.029”
.032”
.035”
.038”
.041”
.044”
.047”
.050”
.053”
.056”
.060”
.043”
.045”
.048”
.050”
.053”
.055”1% O.D.1% O.D.
1% O.D.1% O.D.1% O.D.1% O.D.
.064”
.068”
.072”
.076”
.080”
.080”Consult
Mill
ConsultMill
ConsultMill
K-80
Seamless Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesHot Rolled Round Carbon & Alloy Steel
Wall Tolerances
Wall Thickness
Maximum Over & Under Normal Wall 2” to 11” O.D. Over 11” O.D.
Plus Minus Plus Minus
Walls under 10% of nominal Outside Diameter
Walls 10% of nominal O.D. to 25% of nominal O.D. inclusive.
Walls over 25% of nominal Outside Diameter
10.0%
7.5%
7.5%
10.0%
7.5%
7.5%
12.5%
12.5%
12.5%
12.5%
12.5%
12.5%
Note: Wall thickness range & tolerance are ASTM-A-519.
Straightness Tolerances
Maximum Deviation from StraightTotal in Entire Length: Inches
Per Foot of LengthOutside
Diameter Size Range
Inches
Wall % of
Outside Diameter
Total Inches
in Any 3 Feet
Length 3 to 22 Feet
Length Under 3 and Over 22 Feet
Up to 5.000”5.001/8.000”8.001/10.750”
3% OD & over4% OD & over4% OD & over
.030”
.045”
.060”
.007”
.010”
.015”
.010”
.015”
.020”
Note: Out-of-straightness is ordinarily checked at points of maximum devia-tion (as determined by line-of-sight observation) by means of a three-front straight-edge and feeler gages. When overall straightness in entire length is of concern, the tube is rolled on a surface-plate and maximum deviation-from-straight is determined by means of feel gages inserted between the tube and plate at a point of maximum departure. If rotational methods such as chucking the tube at its ends or supporting the ends on roller and rotating under a dial indicator are used, extreme care in interpreting results must be employed becausereadingareinfluencedbyODdimensionalvariationinadditiontodeviation-from-straight. Not applicable to quenched and tempered tubes over 302 BHN.
K-81
OD Size Range,
Inches
Wall: Percent of
OD
Unannealed or Stress Relief Annealed
Soft Annealed or Normalized
Oil Quenched & Tempered
OD Inches ID Inches OD / IDOD Inches ID InchesPlus Minus Plus / MinusPlus MinusPlus Minus Plus Minus
Up to 0.4990.500-1.6991.700-2.099
2.100-2.4992.500-2.8992.900-3.299
3.300-3.6993.700-4.0994.100-4.499
4.500-4.8994.900-5.2995.300-5.549
5.550-5.999
6.000-6.499
6.500-6.499
7.000-7.499
7.500-7.999
8.000-8.499
8.500-8.999
9.000-9.499
9.500-9.999
10.000-10.999
11.000-12.000
AllAllAll
AllAllAll
AllAllAll
AllAllAll
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2
Seamless Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesCold Drawn Round Carbon & Alloy Steel
Diameter Tolerances
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.010
.009
.018
.013
.010
.020
.015
.012
.012
.018
.013
.026
.020
.015
.029
.023
.016
.031
.025
.017
.034
.028
.019
.037
.030
.020
.040
.034
.022
.044
.035
.025
.045
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.010
.009
.009
.013
.010
.010
.015
.012
.012
.018
.013
.013
.020
.015
.015
.023
.016
.016
.025
.017
.019
.028
.019
.022
.030
.020
.025
.034
.022
.029
.035
.025
.035
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.010
.009
.009
.013
.010
.010
.015
.012
.012
.018
.013
.013
.020
.015
.015
.023
.016
.015
.025
.017
.015
.028
.019
.015
.030
.020
.000
.034
.022
.015
.035
.025
.015
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.010
.009
.000
.013
.010
.000
.015
.012
.012
.018
.013
.000
.020
.015
.000
.023
.016
.000
.025
.017
.000
.028
.019
.000
.030
.020
.000
.034
.022
.000
.035
.025
.000
.005
.007
.006
.008
.009
.011
.013
.013
.014
.016
.018
.020
.018
.016
.017
.023
.018
.020
.027
.021
.021
.032
.023
.031
.035
.026
.036
.041
.028
.033
.044
.030
.038
.045
.033
.043
.045
.035
.048
.045
.039
.055
.050
.045
.060
.002
.002
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.007
.007
.007
.007
.007
.018
.016
.015
.023
.018
.015
.027
.021
.021
.032
.023
.015
.035
.026
.015
.041
.028
.022
.044
.030
.022
.045
.033
.022
.045
.035
.022
.045
.039
.022
.050
.045
.022
.002
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.018
.016
.016
.023
.018
.018
.027
.021
.021
.032
.023
.023
.035
.026
.026
.041
.028
.028
.044
.030
.030
.049
.033
.033
.053
.035
.035
.069
.039
.039
.065
.045
.045
.007
.006
.008
.009
.011
.013
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.018
.016
.016
.023
.018
.018
.027
.021
.021
.032
.023
.023
.035
.026
.026
.041
.028
.028
.044
.030
.030
.049
.033
.033
.053
.035
.035
.069
.039
.039
.065
.045
.045
.005
.007
.008
.009
.010
.012
.013
.014
.015
.017
.018
.019
.025
.023
.023
.033
.025
.025
.038
.029
.029
.045
.033
.033
.050
.037
.037
.058
.040
.040
.063
.043
.043
.070
.047
.047
.075
.050
.050
.080
.055
.055
Tabulated tolerances can be applied simultaneously to only two of three cross-sectional dimension, i.e., OD x Wall, OD x ID or ID x Wall. IDTolerancesapplyonlytotubespecifiedODxIDxWall...andtodimensional0.625”andoverwhenIDisatlleasthalfthe OD. Wall thickness less than 3% of OD, require added ovality tolerances of plus and minus 1/2% of mean OD. Ifwaterquenchandtemperisrequiredorspecified-refertoMillforapplicabletolerance.
K-82
Seamless Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesCold Drawn Round Carbon & Alloy Steel
Wall Tolerances
Wall Thickness % of OD
Wall Tolerances Max % Overand Under Normal Wall
ID Under .500” ID .500” & Over
Under 10%10 to 25%Over 25%
± 10.0%± 10.0%± 12.5%
± 7.5%± 6.0%± 7.5%
Straightness Tolerances
Outside Diam-eter Size Range
Inches
Wall Percent of Outside Diameter
Total Camber in Any 3 Feet
Up to 5.000”5.001/8.000”8.001/10,750”
3% OD & Over4% OD & Over4% OD & Over
.030”
.045”
.060”
Not applicable to quenched and tempered tubes over 302 BHN
K-83
DOM Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesCold Drawn Round Welded & Drawn Over Mandrel
Diameter Tolerances
OD Size RangeWall % of OD
OD, Inches ID, InchesPlus Minus Plus Minus
Up - .5000.500 - 1.6991.700 - 2.099
2.100 - 2.4992.500 - 2.8992.900 - 3.299
3.300 - 3.6993.700 - 4.0994.100 - 4.499
4.500 - 4.8994.900 - 5.2995.300 - 5.549
5.550 - 5.999
6.000 - 6.499
6.500 - 6.999
7.000 - 7.499
7.500 - 7.999
8.000 - 8.499
8.500 - 8.999
9.000 - 9.499
9.500 - 9.999
10.000 - 10.999
11.000 - 11.999
12.000 - 12.999
13.000 - 13.999
14.000 -15.000
AllAllAll
AllAllAll
AllAllAll
AllAllAll
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2Under 6
6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
Under 6 6 to 7-1/2
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.010
.009
.013
.010
.015
.012
.018
.013
.020
.015
.023
.016
.025
.017
.028
.019
.030
.020
.034
.022
.035
.025
.036
.027
.037
.029
.038
.030
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.010
.009
.013
.010
.015
.012
.018
.013
.020
.015
.023
.016
.025
.017
.028
.019
.030
.020
.034
.022
.035
.025
.036
.027
.037
.029
.038
.030
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.010
.009
.013
.010
.015
.012
.018
.013
.020
.015
.023
.016
.025
.017
.028
.019
.030
.020
.034
.022
.035
.025
.036
.027
.037
.029
.038
.030
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.010
.009
.013
.010
.015
.012
.018
.013
.020
.015
.023
.016
.025
.017
.028
.019
.030
.020
.034
.022
.035
.025
.036
.027
.037
.029
.038
.030
Straightness Tolerances
.030” in any 3 ft. of length up to 7.500” OD
.060” in any 3 ft. of length over 7.500” OD
K-84
DOM Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesCold Drawn Round Welded & Drawn Over Mandrel
Wall TolerancesWall
Thick-ness, Inch
Incl. .375
to .875 OD
Over 3.7500
to 15.000 OD
Over 1.875 to
3.750 OD
Over .875 to 1.875 OD
.028 &
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.134
.148
.165
.180
.203
.220
.238
.259
.284
.300
.320
.344
.375
.400
.438
.480
.531
.563
.580
.600
.625
.650
+.002
-.002+.002-.002
+.002-.002
+.002-.002
+.002-.002
+.002-.003+.003-.003
+.002-.003
+.002-.003
+.002-.003
+.002
-.002
+.002
-.002
+.002-.003
+.002-.003
+.002-.003
+.002-.004+.002-.004+.002-.004+.002-.004
+.008-.008
+.004-.006
+.004-.005
+.003-.004
+.003-.004
+.007-.007
+.006-.006
+.005-.006
+.005-.006
+.005-.006
+.003-.003
+.003-.003
+.003-.003
+.003-.003
+.003-.003
+.003-.003
+.003-.004
+.004-.006
+.004-.005
+.003-.005
+.005-.006
+.005-.006
+.005-.006
+.006-.006
+.008-.008
+.007-.007
+.015-.015
+.014-.014
+.013-.013
+.012-.012
+.011-.011
+.010-.010
+.009-.009
+.013-.013
+.016-.016
+.004-.004+.004-.005+.004-.005+.005-.005
+.005-.005
+.005-.005
+.005-.005
+.005-.006+.006-.006+.006-.007+.007-.007
+.007-.007
+.007-.007
+.007-.007
+.008-.008+.008-.008+.009-.009+.009-.009+.010-.010+.011-.011+.012-.012+.013-.013+.013-.013+.014-.014+.015-.015
+.017-.017
+.016-.016
K-85
DOM Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesCold Drawn Round Welded & Drawn Over Mandrel
Ovality Tolerances
O.D., Inches Ovality O.D., Inches Ovality
Up to 2 Over 2 to 3 incl. Over 3 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 5 incl. Over 5 to 6 incl.
.010”
.015”
.020”
.025
.030”
Over 6 to 7 incl. Over 7 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 9 incl. Over 9 to 10 incl.Over 10 to 11 incl.
.035”
.040”
.045”
.050”
.055”
O.D., Inches Ovality O.D., Inches Ovality
Over 11 to 12 incl.
Over 12 to 13 incl.
.060”
.065”
Over 13 to 14 incl.
Over 14 to 15 incl.
.070”
.075”
Ovality shall be within regular diameter tolerances except when the wall thickness is less than 3% of the OD. In such cases, add the additional ovality tolerance shown here; however, the mean OD or ID must be within the minimum and maximum permitted by the diameter tolerance table.
Cold Drawn Buttweld Steel Tube DateRound Mandrel Drawn OD x ID Tube (CDBW)
Dimensional Tolerances
O.D., Inches I.D. InchesO.D. Size Range Inches
Wall Thickness
Range Inches
Diameter Tolerances
Plus PlusMinus Minus
Wall Tolerances
Plus Minus
Under .500.500 to 1.500.500 to 1.5001.500 & over1.500 & over
Under .156Under .1560.156 & overUnder .1560.156 & over
.004
.005
.005
.010
.010
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.010
.005
.005
.010
.010
12.5%10.0% 7.0%10.0% 7.0%
12.5%10.0% 7.0%10.0% 7.0%
Tolerances can be supplied to only two of three cross-sectional dimension. SunkdrawnCDBWtubeusuallyisspecifiedODxWall.
Straightness tolerance is 0.030” in any 3 feet of length.
K-86
Welded Mechanical Steel Tube ToleranceAs-Welded Round Hot Rolled Electric Weld (HREW)
Diameter Tolerances
Outside Diameter Size Range Inches BWG
Outside Diameter, Tolerance, InchesWall Thickness
PlusInches Minus
3/4 to 1-1/8 incl. Over 1-1/8 to 2, incl. Over 1-1/8 to 2, incl.
Over 2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3, incl.
Over 3 to 3-1/2, incl. Over 3 to 3-1/2, incl. Over 3-1/2 to 3, incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4, incl.
Over 4 to 5, incl. Over 4 to 5, incl. Over 5 to 6, incl. Over 5 to 6, incl. Over 6 to 8, incl. Over 6 to 8, incl.
16 to 1016 to 76 to 3
16 to 316 to 3
2 to .320
16 to 32 to .360
6 to 32 to .500
16 to 32 to .50016 to 3
2 to .50011 to 3
2 to .500
.065 to .134
.065 to .180
.203 to .259
.065 to .259
.065 to .259
.284 to .320
.065 to .259
.284 to .360
.065 to .259
.284 to .500
.065 to .259
.284 to .500
.065 to .259
.284 to .500
.120 to .259
.284 to .500
.0035.005.005
.006
.008
.010
.009
.012
.010
.015
.020
.020
.020
.020
.025
.025
Note 1: Measurements for diameter are to be taken at least 2 inches from the end of the tubes. Note 2: Ovality shall be within the above tolerance except when the wall thickness is less than 3% of the outside diameter. In such cases the ovality may be 50% greater than the outsidetolerancesbutthemeanoutsidediametershallbewithinthespecifiedtolerance.
.0035.005.005
.006
.008
.010
.009
.012
.010
.015
.020
.020
.020
.020
.025
.025
Wall TolerancesWall Thickness
BWGInches
Outside Diameter, Inches
Wall Thickness Tolerance, InchesPlus Minus
Over 1 to 1-15/16, Incl.
3/4 to 1, Incl.
Over 1-15/16 to 3-3/4, Incl.
Over 3-3/4 to 4-1/2, Incl.
Over 4-1/2 to 8, Incl.
Plus Minus Plus Minus Plus Minus Plus Minus
.065
.072
.083
.095
.109
.120
.134
.148
.165
.180
.203
.220
.238
.259
.284
.300
.320
.344
.360
.375
.406
.438
.469
.500
.002
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.006
.006
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
.016
.016
.017
.017--
.011
.011
.012
.012
.012
.012
.012
.013
.013
.013
.015
.015
.020
.021
.022
.023
.024
.025
.025-----
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
.007
.007
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
.017
.017-----
.010
.010
.011
.011
.011
.011
.011
.012
.012
.012--------------
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.006
.006
.006--------------
.009
.009
.010
.010
.010
.010
.010-----------------
.005
.005
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006-----------------
16151413121110987654321--------
.012
.012
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.014
.014
.014
.017
.017
.022
.023
.024
.025
.026
.027
.027
.027
.028
.028
.028
.028
.002
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.015
.015
.016
.016
.016
.016
.012
.012
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.014
.014
.014
.016
.016
.021
.022
.023
.024
.025
.026
.026
.026
.027
.027--
K-87
Welded Mechanical Steel Tube ToleranceAs-Welded Round Hot Rolled Electric Weld (HREW), continued
Inside Weld Flash HREW tubing is usually produced to OD x Wall dimension only and in three categoriesdeterminedbyheightofinsidediameterweldingflash: Flash-in-Tubing - ID Flash does not exceed wall thickness or 3/32” whichever is less. FlashControlled.010”-IDflashis0.10”maximumheight.FlashControlled.005”-IDflashis.005”maximumheight.
Outside Diameter Size Range Inches BWG
Outside Diameter, Tolerance, InchesWall Thickness
PlusInches Minus
1/4 to 3/8 incl. Over 3/8 to 5/8 incl. Over 3/8 to 5/8 incl.
Over 5/8 to 1-1/8 incl. Over 5/8 to 1-1/8 incl.
Over 1-1/8 to 2 incl. Over 1-1/8 to 2 incl.
Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl.
Over 2-1/2 to 3 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3 incl.
Over 3 to 3-1/2 incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4 incl.
Over 4 to 5 incl. Over 4 to 5 incl. Over 5 to 6 incl.
22 to 1422 to 1614 to 12
22 to 1413 to 11
22 to 1413 to 19
20 to 1413 to 9
20 to 1816 to 9
20 to 920 to 8
16 to 1413 to 816 to 8
.028 to .083
.028 to .065
.083 to .109
.028 to .083
.096 to .120
.029 to .083
.095 to .148
.035 to .083
.095 to .148
.035 to .049
.065 to .148
.035 to .148
.035 to .165
.065 to .083
.095 to .165
.065 to .165
.0025.003.003
.0035
.0035
.005
.005
.006
.006
.008
.008
.009
.010
.020
.015
.020
.0025.003.003
.0035
.0035
.005
.005
.006
.006
.008
.008
.009
.010
.020
.015
.020
Note 1: Measurements for diameter are to be taken at least 2 inches from the end of the tubes. Note 2: Ovality shall be within the above tolerance except when the wall thickness is less than 3% of the outside diameter. In such cases the ovality may be 50% greater than the outsidetolerancesbutthemeanoutsidediametershallbewithinthespecifiedtolerance.
Wall TolerancesWall Thickness
BWGInches
Outside Diameter, Inches
Wall Thickness Tolerance, InchesPlus Minus
Over 7/8 to 1-1/8 Incl.
Over 1-7/8 to 3-3/4 Incl.
Over 3-3/4 to 5 Incl.
Over 5 to 6 Incl.
Plus Minus Plus Minus Plus Minus Plus Minus
.028
.035
.049
.065
.083
.095
.109
.120
.134
222018161413121110
.001
.002
.003
.005
.006
.006---
.005
.002
.003
.005
.006
.006---
.001
.001
.002
.004
.005
.005
.006
.007
.007
-.005.006.007.007.007.008.008.008
-.001.002.004.004.004.005.006.006
.005
.006
.006
.007
.007
.007
.008
.008
.008
---
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
---
.007
.007
.007
.008
.008
.008
---
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
---
.007
.008
.008
.009
.009
.009
CREW tubing is usually produced to OD x Wall dimension only and in three categoriesdeterminedbyheightofinsidediameterweldingflash: Flash-in-Tubing - ID Flash does not exceed wall thickness or 3/32” whichever is less. FlashControlled.010”-IDflashis0.10”maximumheight.FlashControlled.005”-IDflashis.005”maximumheight.
Welded Mechanical Steel Tube ToleranceAs-Welded Round Cold Rolled Electric Weld (CREW), continued
3/8 to 7/8, Incl.
Inside Weld Flash
K-88
Low Carbon Steel Pressure Tube DataHeat Exchanger Tube Tolerances
SpecificationPlus Minus Plus Minus
O.D. Wall
ASTM-A-179ASME-SA-179Cold Drawn SeamlessHeat Exchanger TubeMinimum Wall(See Note 1)
ASTM-A-214ASME-SA-214ERW WeldedHeat Exchanger TubeMinimum Wall(See Notes 1, 2 & 3)
.004”
.006”
.008”
.010”
.012”
.015”
.004”
.006”
.008”
.010”
.012”
.015”
.015”
.015”
Tolerances
Size O.D. Range Inches
Under 1.0001.000 to 1.5001.501 to 1.9992.000 to 2.4992.500 to 2.9993.000 to 4.000
Under 1.0001.000 to 1.5001.501 to 1.9992.000 to 2.4992.500 to 2.9993.000 to 4.0004.001 to 7.5007.501 to 9.000
.004”
.006”
.008”
.010”
.012”
.015”
.004”
.006”
.008”
.010”
.012”
.015”
.025”
.045”
20%20%22%22%22%22%
18%18%18%18%18%18%18%18%
0%0%0%0%0%0%
0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%
Note 1 - Also available in average wall with ± 10% tolerance. Note 2-Tubesover2”ODx.135”wall,IDweldflashcontrolled.10”max.height.Note 3-Tubes2”ODx.135”wall&under,IDweldflashcontrolled.006”max.height
Hydraulic Tube Tolerances
SpecificationPlus Minus Plus Minus
O.D. Wall
ANSI-B93, 11-1969SAE-J524AMS-5050Cold Drawn SeamlessJIC Hydraulic Line
ANSI-B93, 4-1969SAE-J525Welded & DrawnJIC Hydraulic Line
.003”
.003”
.005”
.010”
.010”
.010”
.002”.0025”.003”.004”.005”.006”
Tolerances
Size O.D. Range Inches
Up to 0.3750.376 to 0.500.0501 to 1.5001.501 to 2.5002.501 to 3.0003.001 to 3.500
Up to 0.3750.376 to 0.6250.626 to 2.0002.001 to 2.5002.501 to 3.0003.001 to 4.000
15%10%10%10%10%10%
15%10%10%10%10%10%
15%10%10%10%10%10%
15%10%10%10%10%10%
.003”
.003”
.005”
.010”
.010”
.010”
.002”.0025”.003”.004”.005”.006”
K-89
Stainless Steel PlatesFlatness Tolerances - Annealed Plates
Permissible variations in above table apply to plates up to 15 feet long or to any 15 feet of longer plates. If the longer dimension is under 36 inches the permissible variation shall not be greater than 1/4 inch. Theshorterdimensionspecifiedshallbeconsideredthewidthandthepermissiblevariationinflatnessacrossthewidthshallnotexceedthetabularamountforthatdimension. Innocaseshallthemaximumdeviationfromaflatsurfaceexceedthetabulartoler-anceforthelongerdimensionspecified.Theaboveflatnesstolerancesarenotapplicabletoplatesinthehotrolledconditionorto plates with physical other than fully annealed. Closertolerancescanbefurnishedbyspecialflatteningatmill-inquire.
Thickness, Inches
Variations from a Flat Surface for Thickness and Widths Shown, Inches
48and
under
Over 48 to
60 excl.
144 and over
120 to 144 excl.
108 to 120 excl.
96 to 108 excl.
84 to 96
excl.
72 to 84
excl.
60 to 72
exlc.
3/6 to 1/41/4 to 3/8 excl. 3/8 to 1/2 excl. 1/2 to 3/4 excl. 3/4 to 1 excl. 1 to 1-1/2 excl. 1-1/2 to 4 excl. 4 to 6 excl.
3/411/161/21/21/21/23/161/4
--
1-3/41-3/81-1/8
17/8
1-1/8
21-7/81-7/161-1/8
13/43/41
1-7/81-9/161-1/41-1/815/1611/165/87/8
1-5/81-7/161-1/81-1/813/1611/169/163/4
1-5/81-3/815/1613/163/4
11/161/25/8
1-3/81-1/83/45/85/89/167/169/16
1-1/415/1611/165/85/89/163/81/2
1-1/163/49/169/169/169/169/163/8
Camber Tolerances - Sheared Mill Plate
1/8” X Number of feet of length 5
Tolerances May Vary After Cutting Plate to Size
Thickness Tolerances For Rectangular Stainless Steel PlatesAll plates must be ordered to thickness and not to weight per square foot. For purposes of production and shipment of plates within production size ranges, the Thickness Tolerances for Rectangular Stainless Steel Plates show below apply.
Specified Thickness (Inch)
Thickness Tolerance - Over Variation* (Inches)
Widths to 84, Incl. Widths Over 84 to 120, Incl.
3/16 to 3/8 excl. 3/8 to 3/4 excl. 3/4 to 1 excl. 1 to 2 excl. Over 2
.046
.054
.060
.070Inquire
.050
.058
.066
.074Inquire
*No plate shall vary more than 0.01” under thickness ordered. Spot grinding not to ex-ceed0.01”underthespecifiedthicknessispermittedtoremovesurfaceimperfections.
K-90
Stainless Steel BarsSize Tolerances - Hot Finished
Rounds and Squares
Size Inches Over Under
Size Tolerance, Inches
Over 1/4 to 5/16 incl. Over 5/16 to 7/16 incl. Over 7/16 to 5/8 incl. Over 5/8 to 7/8 incl. Over 7/8 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 1-1/8 incl. Over 1-1/8 to 1-1/4 incl. Over 1-1/4 to 1-3/8 incl. Over 1-3/8 to 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 incl. Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2 incl. Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2 incl. Over 6-1/2 to 8 incl.
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.0141/641/323/641/165/641/85/32
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.0141/64
000000
Out-of-Round or Out-of-Square Section, Inches
.008
.009
.010
.012
.013
.015
.016
.018
.021
.023
.023
.035
.046
.058
.070
.085
Rough Turned Rounds
Specified Size Inches Over Under
Size Tolerance, Inches
Over 1-1/2 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 incl. Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2 incl. Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2 incl. Over 6-1/2 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 10 incl. Over 10
1/641/323/641/165/641/85/321/43/8
1/6400000000
K-91
Stainless Steel BarsSize Tolerances - Cold Finished Round
1/2” and Under
Size Inches Over Under
Tolerance, Inches
1/2 onlyUnder 1/2 to .3125 incl. Under .3125 to .105 exlc.
.002.0015.001
.002.0015.001
Rounds - Over 1/2”
Size Inches Over Under
Tolerance, Inches
Over 1/2 to 1 excl. 1 to 1-1/2 excl. 1-1/2 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 4-1/2 incl. Over 4-1/2
.002.0025.003.005.008
.002.0025.003.005.008
NOTE: When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after coldfinishing,becauseofspecialhardnessormechanicalpropertyrequirements, tolerances are commonly double those shown above.
Squares and Hexagons
Size Inches Over Under
Tolerance, Inches
Over 1/2 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 3 incl. Over 3
0000
.004
.006
.008
.010
See footnote under Cold Finished Rounds above.
K-92
Standard Tolerances for Stainless Steel PipeASTM-A-312
(Welded, Schedule 40)
Pipe Size, In. Plus Minus Plus Minus
O.D. Tolerances Wall Tolerances
1/81/43/81/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/233-1/245681012
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.062
.062
.062
.093
.093
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
.031
000000000000000000
12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%
Standard Tolerances for Stainless Steel PipeASTM-A-312 - Tolerances to A530
(Seamless Hot Finished and Cold Drawn)
Pipe Size, In. Over Under Over Under
O.D. Wall
1/8 to 1-1/21-1/2 to 44 to 8
1/641/321/16
1/321/321/32
000
12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%
K-93
Commercial Tolerances - Seamless Stainless Steel TubingASTM-A-213 - Tolerances to A450 (Except Average Wall)
Size, In. Plus Minus Plus Minus Ovality
O.D. Tolerances Wall Tolerances
Under 11 - 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 - 2 excl.2 - 2-1/2 excl. 2-1/2 - 3 excl. 3 -4 incl. Over 4 - 7-1/2 incl. Over 7-1/2 - 9 incl.
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.015
.015
.015
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.015
.025
.045
10%10%10%10%10%10%10%10%
10%10%10%10%10%10%10%10%
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.030
.040
.060
Notes:1. Please inquire for wall tolerances on sizes 2” O.D. and over with wall of .220 and heavier, as well as any O.D. with wall 3/4” and heavier, and any tube with I.D. 60% or less of the O.D.2. Please inquire for ovality tolerance on sizes 2” O.D. and less with wal 2% or less ofspecifiedO.D.andforgreaterthan2”O.Dwithwall3%orlessofspecifiedO.D.
Round Welded Stainless TubingASTM-A-249 - Tolerances to A450 (Except Average Wall)
Size, In. Plus Minus Plus Minus Ovality
O.D. Tolerances Wall Tolerances
Under 11 - 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 - 2 excl.2 - 2-1/2 excl. 2-1/2 - 3 excl. 3 -4 incl. Over 4 - 7-1/2 incl. Over 7-1/2 - 9 incl.
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.015
.015
.015
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.015
.025
.045
10%10%10%10%10%10%10%10%
10%10%10%10%10%10%10%10%
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.030
.040
.060
K-94
Thic
knes
s To
lera
nces
Stai
nles
s Co
ld R
olle
d St
ripM
easu
red
3/8
inch
in e
dge
on 1
inch
or w
ider
; and
on
narr
ower
than
1 in
ch a
t any
pla
ce o
n th
e st
rip.
Not
e: M
ost s
trip
supp
lied
from
sto
ck is
slit
from
she
et c
oils
. To
ler-
ance
s fo
r 24”
- 48
” she
et a
s sh
own
abov
e w
ill a
pply
.
Ord
ered
Th
ickn
ess,
Inch
Tole
ranc
es F
or M
ill P
rodu
ced
Strip
.249
.160
.099
.068
.049
.039
.034
.031
.028
.025
.022
.019
.016
.014
.012
.011
.010
.161
.100
.069
.050
.040
.035
.032
.029
.026
.023
.020
.017
.015
.013
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
5.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01
003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
5.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01
002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
5.0
025
.002
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
5.0
015
.001
.001
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
5.0
025
.002
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
5.0
01.0
01.0
01
.004
.003
.003
.003
.002
5.0
025
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
5.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01.0
01
.006
.005
.004
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.002
5.0
025
.002
5.0
02.0
02.0
02.0
015
.001
5.0
015
005
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.002
5.0
025
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
5.0
015
.001
.006
.005
.004
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
5.0
025
.002
.002
.002
.001
5.0
015
.001
5
Cam
ber T
oler
ance
s on
Sta
inle
ss C
old
Rol
led
Strip
Up
to a
nd in
clud
ing
1-1/
2” w
ide
1
/2” i
n an
y 8
ft. le
ngth
Ove
r 1-1
/2” t
o 24
”, ex
clus
ive
1/
4” in
any
8 ft
. len
gth
Cam
ber t
o be
det
erm
ined
by
plac
ing
an 8
foot
stra
ight
edg
e ag
ains
t the
con
cave
sid
e of
the
strip
.
From
To a
nd In
cl.
Ove
r 12
” to
16”
, +/
-
Ove
r 9”
to 1
2”,
+/-
Ove
r 6”
to 9
”,
+/-
3”
to 6
”,
+/-
Und
er
3” to
1-1
/2”,
+/
-
Und
er
1-1/
2” to
1”,
+/
-
Und
er
1” to
1/2
”,
+/-
Und
er
1/2”
to 3
/16”
, +/
-
Ove
r 20
” to 2
3-15/1
6”,
Incl
. + &
-
Ove
r 16
” to
20”
, +/
-
K-95
Stainless SteelSheet Gauge and Thickness Tolerances - All Finished
USS Gage
Tolerance - Plus and MinusContinuous Mill Product
Hand Mill Product
Over 48” to 60” incl.
24” to 48”incl.
OrderedThicknessin Inches
8 and 9101112131415 and 1617 to 1920 to 2223 to 27
.1874 to .1451
.1450 to .1301
.1300 to .1141
.1140 to .0981
.0980 to .0831
.0830 to .0721
.0720 to .0581
.0580 to .0401
.0400 to .0291
.0290 to .0161
.0160 to .0080
.0079 to .0060
.0059 to .0050
.014
.012
.010
.009
.008
.007
.006
.005
.004
.003
.002
.007
.006
.005
.005
.004
.004
.003
.003
.002
.0015
.0015
.0015
.001
.0105
.009
.0075
.007
.006
.0055
.0045
.004
.003
The decimal thickness ordered or required will be furnished to the standard plus and minus thickness tolerances. Note: Original width of sheet governs tolerance.
Stainless Steel Camber ToleranceWidths through 36”: 1/8” every 8 ft.
Widths over 36”: 3/32 every 8 ft.
Sheetsnotspecifiedtostretcherleveledstandardofflatness(exclusiveof1/4,1/2,3/4,and full hard tempers of 200 and 300 series grades dead soft and deep drawing sheet.
Stainless Steel Sheet/Flatness Tolerance
Thickness in Inches
Width in Inches
Flatness Tolerance (maximum deviation
from a horizontal surface), inches
.062 & over
Under .062
To 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl.
Over 72
To 36 incl. Over 36 to 60 incl.
Over 60
1/23/41
1/23/41
Stretcher Leveled Flatness ToleranceSheetsspecifiedtostretcherleveledstandardofflatness(exclusiveofhardtempersof200 and 300 series grades).
Thickness in Inches
Width in Inches
Flatness Tolerance (maximum deviation
from a horizontal surface), inches
Length in Inches
Under 3/16Under 3/16Under 3/16Under 3/16
To 48 incl. To 48 incl. Over 48Over 48
To 96 incl. Over 96
To 96 incl. Over 96
1/81/41/41/4
K-96
Standard Tolerances for Thickness of Flat and Coiled Sheet Alloys 1100, 3003, 3105, 5005 and 5050
Thickness InchesUp to
18” Incl. Over 18” thru 36”
Over 36” thru 54”
Over 54” thru 72”
0.006 to 0.0070.008 to 0.0100.011 to 0.0170.018 to 0.0280.029 to 0.0360.037 to 0.0450.046 to 0.0680.069 to 0.0760.077 to 0.0960.097 to 0.1080.109 to 0.1400.141 to 0.1720.173 to 0.2030.204 to 0.2490.250 to 0.3200.321 to 0.4380.439 to 0.6250.626 to 0.8750.876 to 1.125
0.00100.00100.00150.00150.00200.00200.00250.00250.00300.00350.00450.00600.00700.00900.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350
0.00100.00150.00150.00200.00200.00250.00300.00300.00300.00400.00450.00600.00700.00900.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350
0.00200.00200.00200.00250.00250.00300.00400.00400.00400.00500.00500.00800.00900.01100.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350
0.00300.00350.00400.00500.00600.00600.00700.00700.00900.01100.01300.01500.01900.02500.03000.0350
Alloys 2024, 5052, 5083, 5454, 6061 and 7075
Thickness Inches
Up to 18” Incl.
Over 18” thru 36”
Over 36” thru 48”
Over 48” thru 54”
Over 54” thru 60”
0.006 to 0.0100.011 to 0.0170.018 to 0.0280.029 to 0.0360.037 to 0.0450.046 to 0.0680.069 to 0.0760.077 to 0.0960.097 to 0.1080.109 to 0.1400.141 to 0.1720.173 to 0.2030.204 to 0.2490.250 to 0.3200.321 to 0.4380.439 to 0.6250.626 to 0.8750.876 to 1.125
0.00100.00150.00150.00200.00200.00250.00300.00350.00400.00450.00600.00700.00900.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350
0.00150.00150.00200.00200.00250.00300.00300.00350.00400.00450.00600.00700.00900.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350
0.00250.00250.00250.00250.00300.00400.00400.00400.00500.00500.00800.01000.01100.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350
0.00250.00350.00350.00400.00400.00500.00500.00500.00500.00500.00800.01000.01100.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350
0.00400.00500.00500.00600.00600.00600.00700.00700.00900.01100.01300.01500.02000.02500.03000.0350
Note: Original width of sheet governs tolerance. Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Sheet and Plate
Flatness j - Flat SheetLongitudinal or Transverse Distance, ft.,
Center to Center of Buckles or Edge Waves k
Up thru 2
Over 2 thru 3
Over 3 thru 4
Over 4 thru 6
Over 6
Tolerance, in. lmn
Alloy(includes Alclads)
Specified Thickness
In.
1060, 1100, 1350, 3003, 3005, 3105, 5005, 5050,5x57
3004, 5052, 5083, 5086, 5252, 5x54, 5456, 5652, brazing sheet and all heat treatable alloys
0.020 thru 0.0640.065 thru 0.249
0.020 thru 0.0640.065 thru 0.249
1/81/8
3/163/16
3/163/16
3/165/16
3/165/16
5/163/8
5/163/8
3/81/2
3/81/2
1/29/16
K-97
Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Rod & Bar
Diameter Inches Tolerance Inches Tolerance InchesThickness, Width, In.COLD FINISHED ROD COLD FINISHED FLAT
0.125 - 0.5000.501 - 1.0001.001 - 1.5001.501 - 2.000 2.001 - 2.0003.001 - 3.4993.500 - 5.000
±0.0015±0.0020±0.0025±0.0040±0.0060±0.0080±0.0120
.065 - .500 .501 - 1.001.001 - 1.5001.501 - 2.0002.001 - 3.0003.001 - 4.000
± .002± .0025± .030± .005± .008± .010
EXTRUDED ROD/6061 EXTRUDED SQUARES/FLATS
Under .125 .125 - .249 .250 - .499 .500 - .749 .750 - .999 1.000 - 1.499 1.500 - 1.999 2.000 - 3.999 4.000 - 5.999 6.000 - 7.999 8.000 - 9.99910.000 - 11.99912.000 - 13.999
± .006± .007± .008± .009± .010± .012± .014± .024± .034± .044± .054± .074± .084
Under .125 .125 - .249 .250 - .499 .500 - .749 .750 - .999 1.0 - 1.49 1.5 - 1.99 2.0 - 3.99 4.0 - 7.99 8.0 - 9.99
± .006± .007± .008± .009± .010± .012± .014± .024± .034± .054
Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Drawn Tube - RoundDiameter Tolerance/Plus & Minus, Inches
Allowable Deviation of Mean Diam.
Allowable Deviation of Mean Diam.from Size at any Point
Not Treated Heat Treated Annld.
Up thru 0.500 0.501 - 1.000 1.001 - 2.000 2.001 - 3.000 3.001 - 5.000 5.001 - 6.000 6.001 - 8.000 8.001 - 10.000 10.001 - 12.000
.003
.004
.005
.006
.008
.010
.015
.020
.025
.003
.004
.005
.006
.008
.010
.015
.020
.025
.006
.008
.010
.012
.016
.020
.030
.040
.050
.018
.018
.030
.036
.048
.060
.090
.012
.150
Wall Tolerances/Plus & Minus, InchesAllowable Deviation of Mean Diam.
Allowable Deviation of Mean Diam.from Size at any Point
Non-Heat-Treatable Heat Treatable
0.010 - 0.0350.036 - 0.0490.050 - 0.0830.084 - 0.1200.121 - 0.203 0.204 - 0.3000.301 - 0.3750.376 - 0.500
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.008
.015
.020
.002
.003
.004
.006
.008
.012
.020
.030
±10% of specified
wall± .003”
minimum
K-98
Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Extruded Tube - RoundDiameter Tolerance/Plus & Minus, Inches
Diam. Inches(Size)
5083, 50865454
Other Alloys
5083, 50865454
Other Alloys
Deviation from Size ofMean Diam.
Deviation from Size at Any Point
.500 - 0.999 1.000 - 1.999 2.000 - 3.999 4.000 - 5.999 6.000 - 7,999 8.000 - 9.99910.000 - 11.99912.000 - 13.99914.000 - 15.99916.000 - 17.999
.015
.018
.023
.038
.053
.068
.083
.098
.113
.128
.010
.012
.015
.025
.035
.045
.055
.065
.075
.085
.030
.038
.045
.075
.113
.150
.188
.225
.263
.300
.020
.025
.030
.050
.075
.100
.125
.150
.175
.200Wall Tolerances/Plus & Minus, Inches
Allowable Deviation of Mean Wall from Specified Wall
Spec. Wall
Inches
Under 1.250 OD 1.250 - 2.999 OD 3.000 - 4.999 OD 5.000 and over508350865454
OtherAlloys
508350865454
OtherAlloys
508350865454
OtherAlloys
508350865454
OtherAlloys
Under 0.0470.047- 0.0610.062 -0.0770.078 -0.1240.125 -0.2490.250 -0.3740.375 -0.4990.500 -0.7490.750 -0.9991.000 -1.4991.500 -2.0002.001 -2.4992.500 -2.9993.000 -3.4993.500 -4.000
.009
.011
.012
.014
.014
.017---------
.006
.007
.008
.009
.009
.011---------
-.012.012.014.014.017.023.030
-------
-.008.008.009.009.011.015.020
-------
-.012.014.015.020.032.041.053.068
------
-.008.009.010.013.016.021.028.035.045
-----
-.015.018.023.030.038.053.068.083.098.113.128.143.158.173
-.010.012.015.020.025.035.045.055.065.075.085.095.105.115
Allowable Wall Deviation at any point (Eccentricity)2” Wall & Under:
Over 2
Plus & minus 10% of mean wall .060” maximum, .010” minimum ±.120”
Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Pipe/Sch 40 & 80 Outside Diameter Wall
Pipe Size Inches
Tolerance Inches
Size Inches
Tolerance %
Under 22 and Up
+ .015 -.031±1%
All - 12-1/2
Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Tread Plate/SheetThick
In. Tolerance, In.
Plus MinusThick
In. Tolerance, In.
Plus Minus.100.125.156.188
.008
.010
.011
.013
.012
.015
.019
.023
.030
.045
.060
.075
.018
.025
.035
.044
.250
.375
.500
.625
Specifiedthicknessdoesnotincludeheightofpattern(Minimumheightofraisedpattern= 0.040 inch.)
K-99
Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Sheet and PlateFlatness - Sawed or Sheared Plate
Longitudinal Flatness
Specified Thickness, In.
Tolerance l In. - Allowable Deviation from FlatTx51 temperso Other than Tx51 tempers o m
0.250 - 3.0003.001 - 6.000
3/16 in any 6 ft. p1/8 in any 6 ft. or less
1/4 in any 6 ft. or less1/4 in any 6 ft. or less
Transverse Flatness
Specified Thickness,
In.
Tolerance l In. - Allowable Deviation from Flat
Tx51 temperso
Other than Tx51 tempers o m
Tx51 temperso
Other than Tx51 tempers o m All tempersm
Widths over 4 ft. thru 6 ft. q Widths over 2 ft. thru 4 ft. Widths 2 ft. and less
0.250 - 0.6240.625 - 1.5001.501 - 3.0003.001 - 6.000
3/85/163/161/8
1/23/81/41/4
5/163/163/161/8
Only short-span flatnesstolerance
applies
3/81/4
3/163/16
Short-Span Flatness r
Specified Thickness, In.
Tolerances In. - Allowable Deviation from Flat
Tx51 temperso Other than Tx51 tempers o m
0.250 - 0.624.0625 - 6.000
0.1250.090
0.1000.075
jNotapplicabletocut-lengthsheet,panelflatsheet,coiledsheet,orsheetover60 in. wide. k Also applicable to overall length or width of sheet if only one longitudinal and/or transverse buckle or edge wave is present. lAllowabledeviationfromflatwiththesheetpositionedonflathorizontalsurfaceto minimize deviation. m Not applicable to the O.F. and Hx8 and harder tempers. n Not applicable to end or corner turnup. o Tx51 is a general designation for the following stress-relieved tempers: T351, T451, T651, T851, T7351 AND T7651.p For pieces ordered to less than 6 ft. length the tolerance is 1/8 in. for the total length. q For widths over 6 ft., these tolerances apply for any 6 ft. of total width. rShort-spanflatnessisthedeviationfromflatoverfullspanforspans2ft.andless. sAsmeasuredwiththeplaterestingonaflatsurface.
K-100
Copper and Copper AlloyRod Tolerances - Rounds and HexagonsAll Tolerances are Plus and Minus in Inches
Non-Refractory Alloys110, 145, 147, 220, 260, 316, 353, 360, 464 & 485
Refractory Alloys544, 642 & 792
Tolerance in Inches
Non-Refractory Alloys Refractory AlloysDiameter or Distance between Parallel Surfaces
in Inches Round Hexagon Round Hexagon
Up to .150 incl.*Over .150 to .500 incl.* Over .500 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl. Over 2.00 to 2.125 incl. Over 2.125 to 2.250 incl. Over 2.250 to 2.375 incl. Over 2.375 to 2.625 incl. 2.750 2.875 3.00Over 3.125 to 3.25 incl. Over 3.5 to 3.625 incl. 3.750 to 4.00 incl. Over 4.00 to 4.250 incl. Over 4.250 to 4.750 incl. 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 10.00
.0013
.0015
.002
.0025
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
.006
.006
.007
.008
.009
.011
.012
.015
.0025
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.007
.008
.008
.009
.009
.010
.011
.011
.012 - - - - - -
.002
.002
.003
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
.006
.006
.006 - - - - - - - - - -
-.004.005.006.008.009.009.010.011.012.012 - - - - - - - - - -
*All Round FC Brass Rod 3/32” to 1/4” incl. are carried to “Swiss Tolerances” (± .0005)
Width TolerancesRectangles
All Tolerances are Plus and Minus in Inches
Non-Refractory Alloys110, 145, 220, 260, 316 & 360
Refractory Alloy - 510(For squares use thickness tolerances next page)
Width in InchesWidth Tolerance in Inches
Non-Refractory Alloys Refractory AlloysUp to .050 incl. Over .050 to .090 incl. Over .090 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .500 incl. Over .500 to 1.25 incl. Over 1.25 to 2.00 incl. Over 2.00 to 4.00 incl. Over 4.00 to 12.00 incl.
.0013 .0015 .002 .003 .0035 .005 .008 .0120.30%*
.0015 .002 .003 .004 .005 .007 .010 .0150.50%*
*Expressed to the nearest .001”
K-101
Copper and Copper AlloyThickness Tolerances - Square and Rectangular Rod and Bar
All Tolerances are Plus and Minus in Inches
Copper Bus BarWidth in Inches
Thickness in Inches
Up to 1/2
incl.
Over 1/2 to 1-1/4
incl.
Over 1-1/4 to 2.00
incl.
Over 2.00 to 4.00
incl.
Over 4.00 to 8.00
incl.
Over 8.00 to 12.00
incl.
Over .050 to .090 incl. Over .090 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .500 incl. Over .500 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl. Over 2.00 to 4.00 incl.
.0015
.0020
.0025
.0030---
.0015
.0020
.0025
.0030
.0040
.0045-
.0020
.0025
.0030
.0035
.0040
.0045-
.0025 .0030 .0035 .0040 .0045 .00500.30%*
-.0035.0040.0045.0050.0060
-
--
.0050
.0055
.0060--
Brass and Commercial Bronze
Width in Inches
Thickness in Inches
Up to 1/2
incl.
Over 1/2 to 1-1/4
incl.
Over 1-1/4 to 2.00
incl.
Over 2.00 to 4.00
incl.
Over 4.00 to 8.00
incl.
Over 8.00 to 12.00
incl.
Over .050 to .090 incl. Over .090 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .500 incl. Over .500 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl. Over 2.00 to 4.00 incl.
.0015
.002
.003
.0035---
.002
.0025
.0035
.004
.0045
.005-
.003
.0035
.004
.0045
.005
.005-
.0035.004
.0045 .0045.005.006
0.30%*
--
.006
.006
.007
.008-
--
.008
.008
.009--
*Expressed to the nearest .001”
K-102
Copper and Copper AlloyThickness Tolerances - Sheet and Strip
All Tolerances are Plus and Minus in Inches
Non-Refractory Alloys*
Thickness in Inches
Width in InchesUp to 8 incl.
Over 36 to 48 incl.
Over 28 to 36 incl.
Over 20 to 28 incl.
Over 14 to 20 incl.
Over 12 to 14 incl.
Over 8 to 12 incl.
Up to .004 incl. Over .004 to .006 incl. Over .006 to .009 incl. Over .009 to .013 incl. Over .013 to .017 incl. Over .017 to .021 incl. Over .021 to .026 incl. Over .026 to .037 incl. Over .037 to .050 incl. Over .050 to .073 incl. Over .073 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .205 incl. Over .205 to .300 incl. Over .300 to .500 incl. Over .500 to .750 incl. Over .750 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 1.50 incl. Over 1.50 to 2.00 incl.
.0003
.0004
.0006
.0008
.0010
.0013
.0015
.002
.002
.0025
.003
.0035
.0035
.004
.0045
.0055
.007
.022
.026
.0006
.0008
.0010
.0013
.0015
.0018
.002
.002
.0025
.003
.0035
.004
.004
.0045
.005
.007
.009
.022
.026
.0006
.0008
.0010
.0013
.0015
.0018
.002
.002
.0025
.003
.0035
.004
.004
.0045
.005
.007
.009
.022
.026
-.0013.0015.0018.002.002.0025.0025.003.0035.004.0045.0045.005.006.009.011.022.026
- - -.0025.0025..03.003.0035.004.005.006.007.007.009.012.015.018.022.026
- - -.003.003.0035.0035.004.005.006.007.008.009.010.013.017.021.025.030
- - -.0035.0035.004.004.005.006.007.008.010.010.012.015.019.024.029.036
Refractory Alloys**
Thickness in Inches
Width in InchesUp to 8 incl.
Over 28 to 36 incl.
Over 20 to 28 incl.
Over 14 to 20 incl.
Over 12 to 14 incl.
Over 8 to 12 incl.
Up to .004 incl. Over .004 to .006 incl. Over .006 to .009 incl. Over .009 to .013 incl. Over .013 to .017 incl. Over .017 to .021 incl. Over .021 to .026 incl. Over .026 to .037 incl. Over .037 to .050 incl. Over .050 to .073 incl. Over .073 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .205 incl. Over .205 to .300 incl. Over .300 to .500 incl. Over .500 to .750 incl. Over .750 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 1.50 incl. Over 1.50 to 2.00 incl.
.0004
.0006
.0008
.0010
.0013
.0015
.002
.0025
.003
.0035
.004
.0045
.0045
.005
.006
.008
.010
.028
.033
.0008
.0010
.0013
.0015
.002
.0025
.0025
.003
.0035
.004
.0045
.005
.005
.006
.007
.010
.012
.028
.033
.0008
.0010
.0013
.0015
.002
.0025
.0025
.003
.0035
.004
.0045
.005
.005
.006
.007
.010
.012
.028
.033
- .0015.002.0025.0025.003.003.0035.004.0045.005.006.006.007.008.012.015.028.033
- - - - - -.004.005.006.007.008.010.010.012.015.019.023.028.033
- - - - - -.005.006.007.008.010.012.012.014.017.021.026.032.038
*Non-Refractory Alloys 110, 122, 220, 230, 260 and 353**Refractory Alloys 280, 510 and 752
K-103
Brass and CopperRound Seamless Tubing Tolerances
Alloy 122, 260, 272 & 330
Wall Thickness Tolerances (Except Condenser Tubes, Pipe, Copper Water Tube, and Tubes Furnished
as Extruded)Maximum deviation at any point - The following tolerances are plus and minus in inches.
Wall Thickness in Inches
Outside Diameter in Inches1/32 to 1-1/8 incl.
Over 5/8 to 1
incl.
Over 1/8 to 5/8
incl.
Over 7 to 10
incl.
Over 4 to 7 incl.
Over 2 to 4 incl.
Over 1 to 2 incl.
Up to .018Incl. .018 to .025Incl. .025 to .035Incl. .035 to .058Incl. .058 to .083Incl. .083 to .120Incl. .120 to .165Incl. .165 to .220Incl. .220 to .284
.002
.003
.003
.003-----
.001
.002
.0025
.003
.0035
.004
.005
.007 -
.0015
.002
.0025
.0035
.004
.005
.006
.0075
.009
.002
.0025
.003
.0035
.004
.005
.006
.008
.010
- -.004.005.006.007.008.010.012
- - -.007.008.009.010.012.014
- - - -.010.011.012.014.016
Tolerancesonagiventubemaybespecifiedwithrespecttoanytwo,butnotallthreeofthefollowing: (a) Outside dimension, (b) Inside dimension, (c) Wall thickness. Standard inven-tory is ordered to O.D. and Wall tolerances.
Mean Diameter* TolerancesAll tolerances plus and minus in inches
Refertoofficeforout-of-roundtolerance.TubesoldtoO.D.andWallTolerances.Consultofficeonsizes10”O.D.andover.
Specified Diameter
Tolerances Applies to
Tolerance in Inches
Inside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or Outside
.002
.002
.0025
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.010
Up to 1/8 incl. Over 1/8 to 5/8 incl. Over 5/8 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 3 incl. Over 3 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 5 incl. Over 5 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 10 incl.
*The mean diameter of a tube is the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters, or of the maximum and minimum inside diameters, as determined at any one cross section of the tube.
K-104
Copper and Copper AlloyCommercial Round Wire Tolerances
Bare, Drawn to Final Size
Diameter
Tolerances in Inches Plus and MinusPhosphor Bronze Alloy 510 Round
Brass Alloy 260 Round
Copper Alloy 110 Round
Over .020 to .030 incl. Over .030 to .040 incl. Over .040 to .050 incl. Over .050 to .060 incl. Over .060 to .080 incl. Over .080 to .150 incl. Over .150 to .2576 incl.
.0003.0004.0005.0006.0008.0015.0026
.0003.0004.0005.0006.0008.0010.0015
.0005.0007.0008.0010.0015.0020.0020
Commercial Width Tolerances - Slit MetalFlat or Coils
All tolerances below plus and minus in inches.If wanted all plus or all minus, double the values given.
Thickness in InchesWidth in Inches .004 to .032 incl. .033 to .128 incl.
Up to 2 incl. Over 2 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 24 incl.
.005
.0081/64
.010
.0131/64
Commercial Width Tolerances - Sheared Metal
Thickness in InchesWidth or Length in Inches Up to 1/6 incl. Over 1/16 incl. Over 1/8
Up to 20 incl. Over 20 to 36 incl. Over 36 to 120 incl.
1/323/641/16
1/161/161/16
3/643/641/16
Commercial Width Tolerances - SAWED Metal Lengths Up to 10 Ft. Incl.
Thickness in InchesWidth in Inches Up to 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2
Up to 12 incl. Over 12
1/321/16
1/161/16
Straightness Tolerances - Slit Metal(Maximum Edgewise Curvature in any 6 foot portion of total length in inches)
As Slit Only
Width in Inches Shipped in Rolls Shipped Flat
Over 1/4 to 3/8 incl. Over 3/8 to 1/2 incl. Over 1/2 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 4 incl. Over 4
21-1/2
15/81/23/8
1/21/21/23/83/83/8
Specially Straightened
Flat or EdgeRolled or in Rolls
1-1/21
3/45/81/23/8
K-105
Hardness Conversion Table for Carbon and Alloy Steel
All Values Are Approximate
BrinellHardnessNumber (Carbide
Ball)
Rockwell Hardness Numbers Tensile Strength
CScale
AScale
BScale
15N ScaleSuperficial
30T ScaleSuperficial ksi MPa
-7226886546155775435124814554434324214094003903813713623533443363327319311301294286279271264258253247243240234222210200195185176169162156150144139135130125121117114
6664626058565452504847464544434241403938373635343332313029282726252423--------------------
84.583.482.381.280.179.078.076.875.974.774.173.673.172.572.071.570.970.469.969.468.968.467.967.466.866.365.865.364.664.363.863.362.862.462.0
--------------------
92.591.891.190.289.388.387.486.485.584.583.983.583.082.582.081.580.980.479.979.478.878.377.777.276.676.175.675.074.573.973.372.872.271.671.0
--------------------
-----------------------------------
10099979593929088868482807876747270686664
-----------------------------------
83.182.581.179.878.477.876.475.173.872.471.169.768.467.165.764.463.161.760.459.0
-----
313292273255238229221215208201194188182177171166161156152149146141138135131128125123119117116114104100949289868381777269676563615957-
-----
216020101880176016401580152014801430139013401300125012201180114011101080105010301010970950930900880860850820810800785715680650635615590570560530495475460450435420405395
-
K-106
Gauge by DecimalFor Accuracy, Specify by Decimal - Not By Gauge
WEIGHT Lbs.
Per Sq. Ft. 1100 6061
ALUMINUM
WEIGHT Lbs.
Per Sq. Ft. Alloy 260BRASS
GageDecimal
GageDecimal
WEIGHT Lbs. Per Sq. Ft.
SheetSTEEL
GageNo.
GageDecimal
WEIGHT Lbs. Per Sq. Ft. Steel STRIP
GageDecimal
WEIGHT Lbs. Per 100. Ft. STEEL WIRE
Non-FerrousBrown & Sharp
Steel Sheets(Uncoated)
Manufacturers Std. Strip & Tubing
Birmingham or StubsBasic Steel
Wire
- - - - - - - - - - -2.2862.0361.8131.6141.4381.2801.1401.016
.905
.806
.717
.639
.569
.507
.452
.402
.357
.319
.284
.235
.224
.200
.178
.160
.141
.126.113.100.089
- - - -
.5800
.5165
.4600
.4096
.3648
.3249
.2893
.2576
.2294
.2043
.1819
.1620
.1443
.1285
.1144
.1019
.0907
.0808
.0720
.0641
.0571
.0508
.0453
.0403
.03590320.0285.0253.0226.0201.0179.0159.0142.0126.0113.0100.0089.0080.0071.0063.0056.0050.0045.0040
- - - - - - - - - - -7.1856.4005.6995.0744.5204.0233.5843.1932.8432.5322.2532.0091.7871.5921.4191.2641.1221.002 .892 .794 .705 .630 .559 .501 .444 .395 .355 .315 .279 .248 .222 .200 .117
- - - - - - - -.2391.2242.2092.1943.1793.1644.1495.1345.1196.1046.0897.0747.0673.0598.0538.0478.0418.0359.0329.0299.0269.0239.0209.0179.0164.0149.0135.0120.0105.0097.0090.0082.0075.0067.0064.0060
- - - - - - - -
10.000 9.375 8.750 8.125 7.500 6.875 6.250 5.625 5.000 4.375 3.750 3.125 2.813 2.500 2.250 2.000 1.750 1.500 1.375 1.250 1.125 1.000 .875 .750 .688 .625 .563 .500 .438 .406 .375 .344 .313 .281 .266 .250
0000000000000000000001234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738
- .500.454.425.380.340.300.284.259.238.220.203.180.165.148.134.120.109.095.083.072.065.058.049.042.035.032.028.025.022.020.018.016.014.013.012.010.009.008.007.005.004
- -
-20.40018.52017.34015.50013.87012.24011.59010.5709.7108.9758.2817.3436.7316.0385.4674.8954.4473.8763.3862.9372.6522.3661.9991.7131.4281.3051.1421.020.898.816.734.653.571.530.490.408.367.326.286.204.163
- -
.4615
.4305
.3938
.3625
.3310
.3065
.2830
.2625
.2437
.2253
.2070
.1920.1170.1620.1483.1350.1205.1055.0915.0800.0720.0625.0540.0475.0410.0348.0317.0286.0258.0230.0204.0181.0173.0162.0150.0140.0132.0128.0118.0104.0095.0090.0085.0080
56.8749.4841.4135.0929.2525.0821.3818.4015.8613.5511.449.848.367.015.874.873.882.972.241.711.381.04.78.60.45.32.27.22.18.14.11.09.08.07.06
.052
.047
.044
.037
.029
.024
.022
.019
.017
ALUMINUM-Sheet BRASS-Sheet, Strip
Wire, TubeBRONZE-Sheet, Strip,
WireCOPPER-Strip, Tube,
WireNICKEL SILVER-
Sheet, Wire
STEELSHEETS-
Flat or Coil, Hot Rolled orCold Rolled
TUBING-Aluminum, Steel, Stainless
SteelBANDS
FLAT WIRESTRIP-Steel,
Stainless SteelSPRING Steel
Sheet
BASIC STEELWIRE-AllFinishes
K-107
Inches Converted to Decimal EquivalentParts of a Foot
Inches Decimal Inches Decimal Inches Decimal Inches Decimal
01/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
11/161/83/161/45/16 3/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
21/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
31/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
41/161/83/161/45/16 3/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
51/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
61/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
71/161/83/161/45/16 3/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
81/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
91/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
101/161/83/161/45/16 3/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
111/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16
12
.0000
.0052
.0104
.0156
.0208
.0260
.0313
.0365
.0417
.0469
.0521
.0573
.0625
.0677
.0729
.0781
.0833
.0885
.0937
.0990
.1042
.1094
.1146
.1198
.1250
.1302
.1354
.1406
.1458
.1510
.1562
.1615
.1667
.1719
.1771
.1823
.1875
.1927
.1979
.2031
.2083
.2135
.2188
.2240
.2292
.2344
.2396
.2448
.2500
.2552
.2604
.2656
.2708
.2760
.2813
.2865
.2917
.2969
.3021
.3073
.3125
.3177
.3229
.3281
.3333
.3385
.3437
.3490
.3542
.3594
.3646
.3698
.3750
.3802
.3854
.3906
.3958
.4010
.4062
.4115
.4167
.4219
.4271
.4323
.4375
.4427
.4479
.4531
.4583
.4635
.4688
.4740
.4792
.4844
.4896
.4948
.5000
.5052
.5104
.5156
.5208
.5260
.5313
.5365
.5417
.5469
.5521
.5573
.5625
.5677
.5729
.5781
.5833
.5885
.5937
.5990
.6042
.6094
.6146
.6198
.6250
.6302
.6354
.6406
.6458
.6510
.6562
.6615
.6667
.6719
.6771
.6823
.6875
.6927
.6979
.7031
.7083
.7135
.7188
.7240
.7292
.7344
.7396
.7448
.7500 .7552 .7604 .7656 .7708 .7760 .7813 .7865 .7917 .7969 .8021 .8073 .8125 .8177 .8229 .8281
.8333 .8385 .8437 .8490 .8542 .8594 .8646 .8698 .8750 .8802 .8854 .8906 .8958 .9010 .9062 .9115
.9167 .9219 .9271 .9323 .9375 .9427 .9479 .9531 .9583 .9635 .9688 .9740 .9792 .9844 .9896 .9948
1.0000
K-108
U.S. and Metric System Equivalents
Length
Unit MetersYardsFeetInchesCentimetersMillimeters
1 Millimeter1 Centimeter1 Inch1 Foot1 Yard1 Meter
1.010.0
25.4001304.801914.402
1000
.101.0
2.5400130.480191.4402
100
.03937.39371.01236
39.37
.003281
.032808
.0833331.03.0
3.28083
.001094
.010936
.027778
.3333331.0
1.09361
.001.01
.025400
.304801
.9144021.0
Unit Miles (Statute)FurlongsRodsMetersYardsFeet
1 Rod
1 Furlong1 Kilometer1 Mile (statute)
16.5
6603280.85280
5.5
2201093.61760
5.02921
201.1681000
1609.35
1.0
4.0199320
.025 (1/40)
1.04.9718.0
.003125 (1/320)
.125 (1/8).62137
1.0
1 Nautical Mile = 1.15155 status miles = 1/3 league.1 Light Year = 5.879 trillion miles = 9.46 trillion kilometers.
Weight
UnitPounds(Avoir.)
Pounds(Troy)
Ounces(Avoir.)
Ounces(Troy)GramsGrains
1 Grain1 Gram1 Ounce (Troy)1 Ounce (Avoir.)1 Pound (Troy)1 Pound (Avoir.)1 Kilogram
1.015.4324
480437.557607000
15432.4
.0647991.0
31.103528.3495373.242453.592
1000
.002083
.0321511.0
.91145812
14.583332.1507
.002286
.0352741.09714
1.013.1657
1635.2740
.000143
.002205
.068571.0625
.8228571.0
2.20462
.000174
.002679
.083333
.0759551.0
1.215282.67923
Kilo-grams
.000065.001
.031104
.028350
.373242
.4535921.0
Unit Gross (Long) Tons
Net (Short) Tons
MetricTons
Pounds(Avoir.)
Pounds(Troy)
Kilo-grams
1 Metric Ton1 Net (Short) Ton1 Gross (Long) Ton
1000907.185
1016.05
2679.232430.56
2722.22
2204.622000
2240
1.0.907185
1.01605
1.102311.0
1.12
.984206
.892857
1.0
K-109
U.S. and Metric System Equivalents
Volume and Capacity
UnitGals.
(Liquid)Quarts (Dry)
Quarts (Liquids)Liters
Cubic Inches
Cubic Centi-meters
Cubic Feet
Gal. (Dry)
1 Cu. Centimeter1 Cu. Inch1 Gill1 Pint (liquid)1 Pint (Dry)1 Liter1 Quart (liquid)1 Quart (dry)1 Gallon (liquid)1 Gallon (dry)1 Peck1 Cu. Foot1 Bushel 1 Barrel 1 Cu. Yard1 Cu. Meter
1.016.387118.29473.18550.621000
946.361101.23785.44404.98809.828317.035293.3119241.2764559.41000000
.061021.0
7.218828.87533.60061.02357.7567.201
231268.80537.611728
2150.47276.546656
61023.4
.001.01639.11829.47318.55062
1.0.946361.10123.78544.40498.809828.31735.239119.24764.561000
.00106
.01723.125.50
.581821.0564
1.01.1637
4.04.65469.309229.92237.237
126807.901056.7
.00091
.01488
.10742
.42968.50
.90808
.859371.0
3.43754.08.0
25.71432
108.28694.28908.08
.00026
.00433
.03125.125
.14546
.26417.25
.290911.0
1.16362.32737.48059.309231.5
201.97264.17
.00023
.00372
.01686
.10742.125
.22702
.21484.25
.859371.02.0
6.42858.0
27.070173.57227.02
.00004
.00058
.00418
.01671
.01845
.03531
.03342
.03889
.13368
.15556.31111
1.01.24454.2109
2735.314
Area
UnitSquareInches
SquareFeet
SquareYards
SquareMeters
1 Square Foot1 Square Yard1 Square Meter1 Square Rod1 Acre1 Square Mile (640 Acres)1 Square Kilometer
1441296155039204155000
--
1.09.0
10.7639272.251076.39
2787840010763867
.11111.0
1.1959930.25
119.59930976001195985
.09290
.836131.0
25.293100
25899991000000
K-110
U.S. and Metric System Equivalents
Conversion TableFractions to Decimals
to Metric
Fraction of Inch
Decimal of Inch
Fraction of Inch
Decimal of InchMillimeters Millimeters
1/641/323/641/16
5/643/327/641/8
9/645/3211/643/16
13/647/3215/64
1/4
17/649/3219/645/16
21/6411/3223/643/8
25/6413/3227/647/16
29/6415/3231/641/2
.0156
.0313
.0469
.0625
.0781
.0938
.1094
.1250
.1406
.1562
.1719
.1875
.2031
.2188
.2344
.2500
.2656
.2813
.2969
.3125
.3281
.3438
.3594
.3750
.3906
.4063
.4219
.4375
.4531
.4688
.4844
.5000
.397
.7941.1911.588
1.9842.3812.7783.175
3.5723.9694.3664.763
5.1595.5565.9536.350
6.7477.1447.5417.938
8.3348.7319.1289.525
9.92210.31910.71611.113
11.50911.90612.30312.700
33/6417/3235/649/16
37/6419/3239/645/8
41/6421/3243/6411/16
45/6423/3247/643/4
49/6425/3251/6413/16
53/6427/3255/647/8
57/6429/3259/6415/16
61/6431/3263/64
1”
.5156
.5313
.5469
.5625
.5781
.5938.60994.6250
.6406
.6563
.6719
.6875
.7031
.7188
.7344
.7500
.7656
.7813
.7969
.8125
.8281
.8438
.8594
.8750
.8906
.9063
.9219
.9375
.9531
.9688
.98441.0000
13.09713.49413.89114.288
14.68415.08115.47815.875
16.27216.66917.06617.463
17.85918.25618.65319.050
19.44719.84420.24120.638
21.03421.43121.82822.225
22.62223.01923.41623.813
24.20924.60625.00325.400
To convert a fraction to millimeters, determine its decimal equivalent, and then multiply the decimal by 25.4. Thus 21/64 in. = .3281 in. = 8.333374 mm. or 8.334 mm.
K-111
Geometric Formulas
CIRCLEArea = Square of Diamter x .7854 or Square of Radius x 3.1416Circumference = Diamter x 3.1416Diamter = circumference x .3183Doubling diameter increases area four times; tripling diameter increases are nine times, etc.
SQUAREArea = Square of SideDiagonal = Side x 1.4142Side = Diagonal x .7071
SQUARE INSCRIBED IN CIRCLESide of Square = Diameter of Circle x .7071 or Circumference of Circle x .2251Diameter of Circle = Side of Square x 1.4142Circumference of Circle = Side of Square x 4.4429
RECTANGLEArea = Length x WidthDiagonal = Square root of sum of squares of Width and Length
SQUARE AND CIRCLE WITH EQUAL AREASide of Square = Diameter of Circle x .8862Diameter of Circle = Side of Square x 1.128Circumference of Circle = Side of Square x 3.545
TRIANGLEArea = Base x 1/2 of Perpendicular Height
HEXAGON (EQUAL SIDES AND ANGLES)Area = Square of Distance across Flats x .866 or Square of Side x 2.598Side = 1/2 of Diagonal or Distance across Flats x .577Diagonal = Distance across Flats x 1.155 or Side x 2
OCTAGON (EQUAL SIDES AND ANGLES)Area = Square of Distance across Flats x .828 or Square of Side x 4.828Side = Diagonal x .383 or Distance across Flats x .414Diagonal = Distance across Flats x 1.082 or Side x 2.613
CUBEArea of Surface = Square of Side x 6Volume = Cube of SideDiagonal = Side x 1.732
SPHEREArea of Surface = Square of Diameter x 3.1416Volume = Cube of Diameter x .5236
K-112
Geometric Formulas(continued)
CYLINDERArea of Curved Surface = Diameter x Length x 3.1416Volume = Square of Diameter x Length x .7854
CONEArea of Curved Surface = Diameter of Base x Slant Height x 1.5708Volume = Diameter of Base Squared x Perpendicular Height x .2618 or Area of Base x 1/3 Perpendicular Height
PYRAMIDLateral Surface Area (not incl. base) = Perimeter of Base x 1/2 Slant HeightVolume = Area of Base x 1/3 Perpendicular Height
K-113
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
6/A
6M
A27
/A27
M
A36
/A36
M
A53
/A53
M
A10
5/A
105M
-10a
A10
6/A
106M
A10
8
A12
3/A
123M
A13
5/A
135M
A14
8/A
148M
A15
3/A
153M
A16
7-99
A17
6-99
StandardSpecificationforG
eneralRequirementsforR
olled
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
Bar
s, P
late
s, S
hape
s an
d S
heet
Pili
ng
StandardSpecificationforS
teelCastings,C
arbon,
for G
ener
al A
pplic
atio
n
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonStructuralSteel
StandardSpecificationforP
ipe,Steel,B
lackand
Hot
-Dip
ped,
Zin
c-C
oate
d, W
elde
d an
d S
eam
less
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonSteelForgingsforP
iping
App
licat
ions
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCarbonSteelPipe
for H
igh-
Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBar,C
arbonandAlloy,
Col
d-Fi
nish
ed
StandardSpecificationforZ
inc(Hot-Dipped
Gal
vani
zed)
Coa
tings
on
Iron
and
Ste
el P
rodu
cts
StandardSpecificationforE
lectric-Resistance-Welded
Ste
el P
ipe
StandardSpecificationforS
teelCastings,H
ighStrength,
for S
truct
ural
Pur
pose
s
StandardSpecificationforZ
incCoating(Hot-D
ip)
on Ir
on a
nd S
teel
Har
dwar
e
StandardSpecificationforS
tainlessandHeat-R
esisting
Chr
omiu
m-N
icke
l Ste
el P
late
, She
et a
nd S
trip
StandardSpecificationforS
tainlessandHeat-R
esisting
Chr
omiu
m S
teel
Pla
te, S
heet
and
Stri
p
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Mis
cella
neou
s
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Bar
s
Mis
cella
neou
s
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Mis
cella
neou
s
Mis
cella
neou
s
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Gen
eral
requ
irem
ents
onl
y, fo
r W, M
, S, H
P, C
, MC
, L,
Pla
tes
and
Bar
s
Ste
el C
astin
gs
M, S
, HP,
C, M
C, L
, Pla
tes,
Bar
s (a
lso
cove
rs, b
ut
is n
o lo
nger
com
mon
for W
-Sha
pes;
see
A99
2)
Pip
e (n
ot H
SS
; see
A50
0)
Forgedcarbonsteelpipingcomponents-flanges,fittings,valves
and
sim
ilar p
arts
, for
use
in p
ress
ure
syst
ems
at a
mbi
ent a
nd
high
er-te
mpe
ratu
re s
ervi
ce c
ondi
tions
Pipesthataresuitableforw
elding,bending,flanging
and
sim
ilar f
orm
ing
oper
atio
ns
Bar
s fo
r hea
t tre
atm
ent,
mac
hini
ng, s
hafti
ng o
r in
cons
truct
iona
l app
licat
ions
Hot
-Dip
Gal
vani
zing
for m
embe
rs
Two
grad
es -
inte
nded
for c
onve
ying
gas
, vap
or, w
ater
or o
ther
liqu
id
Ste
el C
astin
gs
Hot
-Dip
Gal
vani
zing
for H
ardw
are
Sta
inle
ss a
nd h
eat-r
esis
ting
chro
miu
m-n
icke
l Ste
elpl
ate,
she
et a
nd s
trip
not c
over
ed in
AS
TM A
240/
A24
0M
Sta
inle
ss a
nd h
eat-r
esis
ting
chro
miu
m s
teel
pla
te,
shee
t and
stri
p no
t cov
ered
in A
STM
A24
0/A
240M
K-114
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
182/
A18
2M-1
1
A19
3/A
193M
A19
4/A
194M
A21
3/A
213M
-11
A23
4/A
234M
-11
A24
0/24
0M
A24
2/A
242M
A24
9/A
249M
-10a
A25
2
A26
8/A
268M
-10
A26
9-10
Forg
ed lo
w a
lloy
and
stai
nles
s st
eel p
ipin
g co
mpo
nent
s fo
r us
e in
pre
ssur
e sy
stem
s
Bol
ts fo
r hig
h-te
mpe
ratu
re a
pplic
atio
ns
Nut
s fo
r hig
h-te
mpe
ratu
re a
pplic
atio
ns
Sea
mle
ss fe
rriti
c an
d au
sten
itic
stee
l boi
ler,
supe
rhea
ter a
ndheat-exchangertubes.Tubesshallbeeitherhotfinishedor
coldfinished,asspecified
Wroughtcarbonsteelandalloyfittingsofseamlessand
wel
ded
cons
truct
ion
for u
se in
pre
ssur
e pi
ping
and
in p
res-
sure
ves
sel f
abric
atio
n fo
r ser
vice
at m
oder
ate
and
elev
ated
te
mpe
ratu
res
Sta
inle
ss p
late
, she
et a
nd s
trip
for p
ress
ure
vess
els
and
gene
ral a
pplic
atio
ns
Wea
ther
ing
stee
l for
sha
pes,
pla
tes
and
bars
Vario
us g
rade
s of
nom
inal
-wal
l-thi
ckne
ss w
elde
d tu
bes
and
heav
ily c
old
wor
ked
wel
ded
tube
s in
tend
ed fo
r use
in a
bo
iler,
supe
rhea
ter,
heat
exc
hang
er o
r con
dens
er
Pip
e th
at a
cts
as a
per
man
ent l
oad-
carr
ying
mem
ber o
r as
ash
ell t
o fo
rm c
ast-i
n-pl
ace
conc
rete
pile
s
A nu
mbe
r of g
rade
s of
nom
inal
-wal
l-thi
ckne
ss, w
elde
d fe
rriti
can
d m
arte
nsiti
c st
ainl
ess
stee
l tub
ing
for g
ener
al c
orro
sion
-re
sist
ing
and
high
-tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
Vario
us g
rade
s of
nom
inal
-wal
l-thi
ckne
ss, s
eam
less
and
wel
ded
aust
eniti
c st
eel t
ubin
g fo
r gen
eral
cor
rosi
on-r
esis
ting
and
low
- or h
igh-
tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Fitti
ngs
&Fl
ange
s
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
StandardSpecificationforF
orgedorRolledAlloyand
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Pip
e Fl
ange
s, F
orge
d Fi
tting
s, V
alve
s an
d P
arts
for H
igh-
Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforA
lloy-SteelandStainlessSteel
Bol
ting
Mat
eria
ls fo
r Hig
h-Te
mpe
ratu
re o
r Hig
h P
ress
ure
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandAlloySteelNutsfor
Bol
ts fo
r Hig
h P
ress
ure
or H
igh-
Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
, or
Bot
h
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessFerriticandAustenitic
Allo
y-S
teel
Boi
ler,
Sup
erhe
ater
and
Hea
t-Exc
hang
er T
ubes
StandardSpecificationforP
ipingFittingsofW
roughtCarbon
Ste
el a
nd A
lloy
Ste
el fo
r Mod
erat
e an
d H
igh
Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforC
hrom
iumandChrom
ium-Nickel
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Pla
te, S
heet
and
Stri
p
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-StrengthLow
-Alloy
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
StandardSpecificationforW
eldedAusteniticSteelBoiler,
Sup
erhe
ater
, Hea
t-Exc
hang
er a
nd C
onde
nser
Tub
es
StandardSpecificationforW
eldedandSeamless
Ste
el P
ipe
Pile
s
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedFerritic
and
Mar
tens
itic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Tub
ing
for G
ener
al S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedAustenitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Tub
ing
for G
ener
al S
ervi
ce
K-115
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
270/
A27
0M-1
0
A27
6-10
A28
3/A
283M
A28
5/A
285M
A29
5/A
295M
-09
A30
7
A30
8/A
308M
-10
A31
1/A
311M
-04
A31
2/A
312M
A32
2-07
A32
5
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedAustenitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
San
itary
Tub
ing
StandardSpecificationforS
tainlessSteelBarsandShapes
StandardSpecificationforLow
andIntermediateTensile
Stre
ngth
Car
bon
Ste
el P
late
s
StandardSpecificationforP
ressureVe
sselPlates,Carbon
Ste
el, L
ow-a
nd In
term
edia
te T
ensi
le S
treng
th
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-CarbonAnti-Friction
Bea
ring
Ste
el
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonSteelBoltsandStuds,
60,0
00 P
SI T
ensi
le S
treng
th
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,Terne(Lead-TinAl-
loy)
Coa
ted
by th
e H
ot-D
ip P
roce
ss
StandardSpecificationforC
old-Drawn,Stress-Relieved
Car
bon
Ste
el B
ars
Sub
ject
to M
echa
nica
l Pro
perty
R
equi
rem
ents
StandardSpecificationforS
eamless,W
eldedandHeavily
Col
d W
orke
d A
uste
nitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Pip
es
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Alloy,Standard
Gra
des
StandardSpecificationforS
tructuralBolts,S
teel,
Hea
t Tre
ated
, 120
/105
ksi
Min
imum
Ten
sile
Stre
ngth
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Plat
es
Plat
es
Bar
s
Fast
ener
s
Shee
ts &
Coi
l
Bar
s
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Bar
s
Fast
ener
s
Gra
des
of s
eam
less
, wel
ded,
and
hea
vily
col
d w
orke
d au
sten
itic
and
ferr
itic/
aust
eniti
c st
ainl
ess
stee
l san
itary
tubi
ng in
tend
ed fo
r us
e in
the
dairy
and
food
indu
stry
and
hav
ing
spec
ial s
urfa
ce
finishes.Pharmaceuticalqualitymayberequested,asasupple
-m
enta
ry re
quire
men
t
Variousshapesofhot-finishedorcold-finishedbars,exceptbars
for r
efor
ging
Pla
tes
Pla
tes
that
are
inte
nded
for f
usio
n-w
elde
d pr
essu
re v
esse
ls
Bea
ring-
qual
ity s
teel
to b
e us
ed in
the
man
ufac
ture
of
anti-
frict
ion
bear
ings
Bol
ts a
nd a
ncho
r rod
s
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s co
ated
with
lead
-tin
allo
y by
the
hot-d
ip p
roce
ss
Vario
us c
lass
es, g
rade
s an
d co
nditi
ons
Pip
e th
at is
inte
nded
for h
igh-
tem
pera
ture
and
gene
ral c
orro
sive
ser
vice
Hot
-wro
ught
allo
y st
eel b
ars
Hig
h-S
treng
th B
olts
(not
anc
hor r
ods;
see
F15
54)
K-116
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
325M
A33
3/A
333M
A33
5/A
335M
A35
0/A
350M
-10
A35
4
A37
0
A37
6/A
376M
-06
A38
7/A
387M
-11
A40
3/A
403M
-10
A42
0/A
420M
-10a
A42
4/A
424M
A43
4-06
A43
5/A
435M
Met
ric H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Bol
ts
Car
bon
and
allo
y st
eel p
ipe
inte
nded
for u
se a
t low
tem
pera
ture
s
Ferr
itic
allo
y-st
eel p
ipe
inte
nded
for u
se a
t hig
h te
mpe
ratu
res
Sev
eral
gra
des
of c
arbo
n an
d lo
w-a
lloy
stee
l for
ged
or ri
ng-
rolledflanges,forgedfittingsandvalvesintendedprim
arilyfor
low
-tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
and
requ
iring
not
ch to
ughn
ess
test
ing
Bol
ts a
nd a
ncho
r rod
s
Mec
hani
cal t
estin
g of
ste
el
Vario
us g
rade
s of
pip
e in
tend
ed fo
r hig
h-te
mpe
ratu
rece
ntra
l-sta
tion
serv
ice
Pla
tes
for w
elde
d bo
ilers
and
pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
s de
sign
ed fo
rel
evat
ed te
mpe
ratu
re s
ervi
ce
Wroughtausteniticstainlesssteelfittingsforpressurepiping
appl
icat
ions
Wroughtcarbonsteelandalloysteelpipefittingsofseamless
and
wel
ded
cons
truct
ion
for u
se in
pre
ssur
e pi
ping
and
pre
s-su
re v
esse
l ser
vice
at l
ow te
mpe
ratu
res
She
et s
teel
in c
oils
and
cut
leng
ths
for p
orce
lain
ena
mel
ing
Hot-wroughtandcold-finishedquenchedandtempered
allo
y st
eel b
ars
Ultr
ason
ic te
stin
g
Fast
ener
s
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fast
ener
s
Test
ing
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Plat
es
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&Fl
ange
s
Shee
ts &
C
oils
Bar
s
Test
ing
StandardSpecificationforS
tructuralBolts,S
teel,H
eat
Trea
ted
830
MP
a M
inim
um T
ensi
le S
treng
th (M
etric
)
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedSteel
Pip
e fo
r Low
-Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessFerriticAlloy-Steel
Pip
e fo
r Hig
h-Te
mpe
ratu
re S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandLow-AlloySteel
Forg
ings
, Req
uirin
g N
otch
Tou
ghne
ss T
estin
g fo
r Pip
ing
Com
pone
nts
StandardSpecificationforQ
uenchedandTemperedAlloy
Ste
el B
olts
, Stu
ds a
nd o
ther
Ext
erna
lly T
hrea
ded
Fast
ener
s
StandardTestMethodsandDefinitionsforM
echanical
Test
ing
of S
teel
Pro
duct
s
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessAusteniticSteelPipe
for H
igh-
Tem
pera
ture
Cen
tral-S
tatio
n S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforP
ressureVe
sselPlates,Alloy
Ste
el, C
hrom
ium
-Mol
ybde
num
StandardSpecificationforW
roughtAusteniticStainless
Ste
el P
ipin
g Fi
tting
s
StandardSpecificationforP
ipingFittingsofW
roughtCarbon
Ste
el a
nd A
lloy
Ste
el fo
r Low
-Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heet,forPorcelain
Ena
mel
ing
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Alloy,Hot-W
rought
or C
old-
Fini
shed
, Que
nche
d an
d Te
mpe
red
StandardSpecificationforS
traight-BeamUltrasonic
Exa
min
atio
n of
Ste
el P
late
s
K-117
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
449
A46
3/A
463M
A47
9/A
479M
-10a
A48
0/A
480M
-11a
A49
0
A49
0M
A50
0/A
500M
A50
1
A51
2-06
A51
3
A51
4/A
514M
A51
5/A
515M
StandardSpecificationforQ
uenchedandTempered
Ste
el B
olts
and
Stu
ds
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,A
luminum
-Coated,
by th
e H
ot-D
ip P
roce
ss
StandardSpecificationforS
tainlessSteelBarsand
Sha
pes
for U
se in
Boi
lers
and
Oth
er P
ress
ure
Vess
els
StandardSpecificationforG
eneralRequirementsforF
lat-
Rol
led
Sta
inle
ss a
nd H
eat-R
esis
ting
Ste
el P
late
, She
et
and
Stri
p
StandardSpecificationforS
tructuralBolts,A
lloySteel,Heat
Trea
ted,
150
ksi
Min
imum
Ten
sile
Stre
ngth
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-StrengthSteelBolts,
Cla
sses
10.
9 an
d 10
.9.3
for S
truct
ural
Ste
el J
oint
s (M
etric
)
StandardSpecificationforC
old-FormedW
eldedand
Sea
mle
ss C
arbo
n S
teel
Stru
ctur
al T
ubin
g in
Rou
nds
and
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforH
ot-FormedW
eldedand
Sea
mle
ss C
arbo
n S
teel
Stru
ctur
al T
ubin
g
StandardSpecificationforC
old-DrawnButtweldCarbon
Ste
el M
echa
nica
l Tub
ing
StandardSpecificationforE
lectric-Resistance-Welded
Car
bon
and
Allo
y S
teel
Mec
hani
cal T
ubin
g
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-YieldStrength,Q
uenched
and
Tem
pere
d A
lloy
Ste
el P
late
, Sui
tabl
e fo
r Wel
ding
StandardSpecificationforP
ressureVe
sselPlates,Carbon
Ste
el, f
or In
term
edia
te-a
nd-H
ighe
r-Te
mpe
ratu
re S
ervi
ce
Fast
ener
s
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Plat
es
Plat
es
Bol
ts a
nd a
ncho
r rod
s
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s w
ith tw
o ty
pes
of a
lum
inum
coa
ting
and
seve
ral c
oatin
g w
eigh
ts
Varioushot-finishedorcold-finishedshapesforusein
boile
r and
pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
con
stru
ctio
n
Generalrequirementsforflat-rolledstainlessandheat-
resi
stin
g st
eel p
late
, she
et a
nd s
trip
Hig
h-S
treng
th B
olts
(not
anc
hor r
ods;
see
F55
4)
Met
ric H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Bol
ts
Rou
nd, R
ecta
ngul
ar a
nd S
quar
e H
SS
(not
pip
e; s
ee A
53)
Rec
tang
ular
, rou
nd a
nd s
quar
e H
SS
(not
pip
e; s
ee A
53)
Rec
tang
ular
, rou
nd, s
quar
e or
spe
cial
sha
pem
echa
nica
l tub
ing
Rec
tang
ular
, rou
nd, s
quar
e an
d sp
ecia
l sha
pe tu
bing
mad
e fro
m h
ot o
r col
d ro
lled
stee
l
Pla
tes
Pla
tes
prim
arily
inte
nded
for u
se in
wel
ded
boile
rs a
ndot
her p
ress
ure
vess
els
K-118
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
516/
A51
6M
A51
9
A52
9/A
529M
A55
4-10
A56
3
A56
4/A
564-
10
A56
8/A
568M
A57
2/A
572M
A57
5-96
A57
6-90
b
A57
8/A
578M
A58
2/A
582M
-05
A58
8/A
588M
Pla
tes
prim
arily
inte
nded
for u
se in
wel
ded
pres
sure
ves
sels
whe
re im
prov
ed n
otch
toug
hnes
s is
impo
rtant
Sev
eral
gra
des
of c
arbo
n an
d al
loy
mec
hani
cal t
ubin
g, e
ither
hot-finishedorcold-finished
Sha
pes,
pla
tes
and
bars
Mec
hani
cal a
pplic
atio
ns w
here
app
eara
nce,
mec
hani
cal
prop
ertie
s or
cor
rosi
on re
sist
ance
is n
eede
d
Nut
s
Varioushot-finishedorcold-finishedshapesofage-harden-
ing
stai
nles
s st
eel
Gen
eral
requ
irem
ents
for s
teel
she
ets
in c
oils
and
cut l
engt
hs
M, S
, HP,
C, M
C, L
, Pla
tes,
Bar
s (a
lso
cove
rs, b
ut is
no
long
er c
omm
on fo
r W-S
hape
s; s
ee A
992)
Hot
-wro
ught
mer
chan
t qua
lity
carb
on s
teel
bar
s pr
oduc
edto
a c
hem
ical
com
posi
tion
Hot
-wro
ught
spe
cial
qua
lity
carb
on s
teel
bar
s
Ultr
ason
ic te
stin
g
Variousshapesofhot-finishedorcold-finishedbars,except
bars
for f
orgi
ng, s
uita
ble
for m
achi
ning
pro
cess
es.
Wea
ther
ing
Ste
el fo
r W, M
, SW
, HP,
C, M
C, L
, Pla
tes
& B
ars
Plat
es
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Fast
ener
s
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Bar
s
Bar
s
Test
ing
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
StandardSpecificationforP
ressureVe
sselPlates,Carbon
Ste
el, f
or M
oder
ate-
and-
Low
er-T
empe
ratu
re S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCarbonandAlloySteel
Mec
hani
cal T
ubin
g
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-Strength
Car
bon-
Man
gane
se S
teel
of S
truct
ural
Qua
lity
StandardSpecificationforW
eldedStainlessSteel
Mec
hani
cal T
ubin
g
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandAlloySteelNuts
StandardSpecificationforH
ot-RolledandCold-Finished
Age
-Har
deni
ng S
tain
less
Ste
el B
ars
and
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heet,C
arbon,Structural
and
Hig
h-S
treng
th, L
ow-A
lloy,
Hot
-Rol
led
and
Col
d-R
olle
d
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-Strength,Low
-Alloy,
Col
umbi
um-V
anad
ium
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Carbon,Merchant
Qua
lity,
M-G
rade
s
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Carbon,Hot-W
rought,
Spe
cial
Qua
lity
StandardSpecificationforS
traight-BeamUltrasonic
Exa
min
atio
n of
Rol
led
Ste
el P
late
s fo
r Spe
cial
App
licat
ions
StandardSpecificationforF
ree-MachiningStainless
Ste
el B
ars
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-Strength,Low
-Alloy,
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
, up
to 5
0 ks
i [34
5MP
a] M
inim
um Y
ield
P
oint
with
Atm
osph
eric
Cor
rosi
on R
esis
tanc
e
K-119
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
589/
A58
9M
A60
6/A
606M
A61
5/A
615M
A61
8/A
618M
A63
5/A
635M
A65
3/A
653M
A65
6/A
656M
A66
6-10
A66
8/A
668M
A67
3/A
673M
A68
1-08
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedCarbon
Ste
el W
ater
-Wel
l Pip
e
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heetandStrip,
Hig
h-S
treng
th, L
ow-A
lloy,
Hot
-Rol
led
and
Col
d-R
olle
d,
with
Impr
oved
Atm
osph
eric
Cor
rosi
on R
esis
tanc
e
StandardSpecificationforD
eformedandPlainCarbon-
Ste
el B
ars
for C
oncr
ete
Rei
nfor
cem
ent
StandardSpecificationforH
ot-FormedW
eldedand
Sea
mle
ss H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Low
-Allo
y S
truct
ural
Tub
ing
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heetandStrip,
Hea
vy-T
hick
ness
Coi
ls, H
ot-R
olle
d, A
lloy,
Car
bon,
S
truct
ural
, Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy
and
Hig
h-S
treng
th
Low
-Allo
y w
ith Im
prov
ed F
orm
abili
ty
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,Zinc-Coated
(Gal
vani
zed)
or Z
inc-
Iron
Allo
y-C
oate
d (G
alva
nnea
led)
by th
e H
ot-D
ip P
roce
ss
StandardSpecificationforH
ot-RolledStructuralSteel,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy
Pla
te w
ith Im
prov
ed F
orm
abili
ty
StandardSpecificationforA
nnealedorCold-Worked
Aus
teni
tic S
tain
less
Ste
el S
heet
, Stri
p, P
late
and
Fla
t Bar
StandardSpecificationforS
teelForgings,Carbonand
Allo
y, fo
r Gen
eral
Indu
stria
l Use
StandardSpecificationforS
amplingProcedurefor
Impa
ct T
estin
g of
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
StandardSpecificationforToolSteelsAlloy
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Shee
ts &
Coi
l
Spec
ialty
Prod
ucts
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Shee
ts &
Coi
l
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Plat
es
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Mis
cella
neou
s
Test
ing
Spec
ialty
Prod
ucts
Fourspecifictypesofpipeforuseinwaterwells
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s of
she
et a
nd s
trip
for s
truct
ural
and
mis
cella
neou
s pu
rpos
es
Vario
us g
rade
s in
cut
leng
ths
and
coils
Rec
tang
ular
, rou
nd a
nd s
quar
e H
SS
(not
pip
e; s
ee A
53)
Gen
eral
requ
irem
ents
for h
eavy
thic
knes
s sh
eet a
ndst
rip c
oils
Coa
ted
stee
l she
et in
coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s
Thre
e ty
pes
and
four
stre
ngth
gra
des
of h
ot ro
lled
stru
ctur
al s
teel
pla
te w
ith im
prov
ed fo
rmab
ility
Diff
eren
t sha
pes
in th
e an
neal
ed a
nd n
orm
ally
requ
ired
cold
-wor
ked
cond
ition
s
Sta
ndar
d re
quire
men
ts fo
r unt
reat
ed a
nd h
eat-t
reat
ed c
ar-
bon
and
allo
y st
eel f
orgi
ngs
for g
ener
al in
dust
rial u
se
CV
N te
stin
g
Che
mic
al, m
echa
nica
l and
phy
sica
l req
uire
men
ts fo
rav
aila
ble
wro
ught
allo
y to
ol s
teel
pro
duct
s
K-120
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
693-
06
A69
4/A
694M
-08
A70
9/A
709M
A73
9-90
a
A75
9
A77
0/A
770M
A77
4/A
774M
-09
A77
8-01
A78
0/A
780M
A78
6/A
786M
A78
9/A
789M
-10a
Pre
cipi
tatio
n-ha
rden
ing
stai
nles
s st
eel p
late
, she
et a
nd s
trip
Forgedorrolledsteelpipeflanges,forgedfittings,valvesand
parts
sui
tabl
e fo
r use
with
hig
h-st
reng
th tr
ansm
issi
on-s
ervi
ce
pipe
Sha
pes,
Pla
tes
and
Bar
s fo
r Brid
ges
Ferr
itic
allo
y st
eel b
ars
for e
leva
ted
tem
pera
ture
or p
ress
ure-
cont
aini
ng p
arts
sui
tabl
e fo
r fus
ion
wel
ding
or b
oth
Cra
ne ra
ils
Thro
ugh-
thic
knes
s te
nsio
n te
stin
g
Five
gra
des
of a
s-w
elde
d, w
roug
ht a
uste
nitic
sta
inle
ss s
teel
fittingsforlow
-pressurepipingandforlow
andmoderate
tem
pera
ture
s an
d ge
nera
l cor
rosi
ve s
ervi
ce
Inte
nded
for l
ow a
nd m
oder
ate
tem
pera
ture
s an
dco
rros
ive
serv
ice
whe
re tr
eatm
ent i
s no
t nec
essa
ry fo
r co
rros
ion
resi
stan
ce
Rep
air o
f dam
aged
hot
-dip
gal
vani
zed
coat
ings
Checkeredfloorplate
Gra
des
of n
omin
al w
all t
hick
ness
, sta
inle
ss s
teel
tubi
ng fo
rse
rvic
es re
quiri
ng g
ener
al c
orro
sion
resi
stan
ce, w
ith p
artic
ular
em
phas
is o
n re
sist
ance
to s
tress
cor
rosi
on c
rack
ing.
The
se
stee
ls a
re s
usce
ptib
le to
em
britt
lem
ent i
f use
d fo
r pro
long
ed
perio
ds a
t ele
vate
d te
mpe
ratu
res
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Fitti
ngs
&Fl
ange
s
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Bar
s
Stru
ctur
als
Test
ing
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Mis
cella
neou
s
Plat
es
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
StandardSpecificationforP
recipitation-HardeningStainless
and
Hea
t-Res
istin
g S
teel
Pla
te, S
heet
and
Stri
p
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandAlloySteelForgings
for P
ipe
Flan
ges,
Fitt
ings
, Val
ves
and
Par
ts fo
r Hig
h-P
res-
sure
Tra
nsm
issi
on S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandHigh-Strength
Low
-Allo
y S
truct
ural
Ste
el S
hape
s, P
late
s, a
nd B
ars
and
Que
nche
d-an
d-Te
mpe
red
Allo
y S
truct
ural
Ste
el P
late
sfo
r Brid
ges
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Alloy,Hot-W
rought,for
Ele
vate
d Te
mpe
ratu
re o
r Pre
ssur
e-C
onta
inin
g P
arts
, or B
oth
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonSteelCraneRails
StandardSpecificationforT
hrough-ThicknessTension
Test
ing
of S
teel
Pla
tes
for S
peci
al A
pplic
atio
ns
StandardSpecificationforA
s-WeldedWroughtAustenitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Fitt
ings
for G
ener
al C
orro
sive
Ser
vice
at
Low
and
Mod
erat
e Te
mpe
ratu
res
StandardSpecificationforW
elded,UnannealedAustenitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Tub
ular
Pro
duct
s
Sta
ndar
d P
ract
ice
for R
epai
r of D
amag
ed a
nd U
ncoa
ted
Are
as o
f Hot
-Dip
Gal
vani
zed
Coa
tings
StandardSpecificationforH
otRolledCarbon,Low
-Alloy,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy
and
Allo
y S
teel
Flo
or P
late
s
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedFerritic/
Aus
teni
tic S
tain
less
Ste
el T
ubin
g fo
r Gen
eral
Ser
vice
K-121
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
792/
A79
2M-1
0
A79
3-96
A81
5/A
815M
-10a
A82
9/A
829M
-06
A83
0/A
830M
A84
7
A85
2/A
852M
A85
8/A
858M
-10a
A86
0/A
860M
-10
A87
9/A
879M
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,55%
Aluminum
-Zi
nc A
lloy-
Coa
ted
by th
e H
ot-D
ip P
roce
ss
StandardSpecificationforR
olledFloorP
late,S
tainless
Ste
el
StandardSpecificationforW
roughtFerritic,Ferritic/A
us-
teni
tic a
nd M
arte
nsiti
c S
tain
less
Ste
el P
ipin
g Fi
tting
s
StandardSpecificationforA
lloyStructuralSteelPlates
StandardSpecificationforP
lates,CarbonSteel,S
tructural
Qua
lity,
Fur
nish
ed to
Che
mic
al C
ompo
sitio
n R
equi
re-
men
ts
StandardSpecificationforC
old-FormedW
eldedand
Sea
mle
ss H
igh-
Stre
ngth
, Low
-Allo
y S
truct
ural
Tub
ing
with
Im
prov
ed A
tmos
pher
ic C
orro
sion
Res
ista
nce
StandardSpecificationforQ
uenchedandTemperedLow-
Allo
y S
truct
ural
Ste
el P
late
with
70
ksi [
485M
Pa]
Min
imum
Yi
eld
Stre
ngth
to 4
in. [
100
mm
] Thi
ck
StandardSpecificationforH
eat-T
reatedCarbonSteel
Fitti
ngs
for L
ow-T
empe
ratu
re a
nd C
orro
sive
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforW
roughtHigh-StrengthLow
-A
lloy
Ste
el B
utt-W
eldi
ng F
ittin
gs
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,ZincCoatedbythe
Ele
ctro
lytic
Pro
cess
for A
pplic
atio
ns R
equi
ring
Des
igna
tion
of th
e C
oatin
g M
ass
on E
ach
Sur
face
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Fitti
ngs
&Fl
ange
s
Plat
es
Plat
es
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Plat
es
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s fo
r app
licat
ions
requ
iring
cor
rosi
onre
sist
ance
or h
eat r
esis
tanc
e or
bot
h
Standardforstainlesssteelfloorplates
Two
gene
ral c
lass
es, W
P an
d C
R, o
f wro
ught
ferr
itic,
ferr
itic/
austeniticandmartensiticstainlesssteelfittingsofseamless
and
wel
ded
cons
truct
ion
Allo
y st
ruct
ural
ste
el p
late
s
Car
bon
stee
l pla
tes
in s
tand
ard
and
non-
stan
dard
gra
des
Wea
ther
ing
stee
l for
Rec
tang
ular
, Rou
nd a
nd
Squ
are
HS
S (n
ot p
ipe)
Pla
tes
Heat-treatedwroughtcarbonsteelpipingfittingswithlow
-er
ed c
arbo
n co
nten
t of s
eam
less
and
ele
ctric
fusi
on-w
elde
d co
nstru
ctio
n fo
r low
-tem
pera
ture
and
cor
rosi
ve s
ervi
ceap
plic
atio
ns
Wroughthigh-strengthlow-alloybutt-weldingsteelfittingsof
seam
less
and
ele
ctric
fusi
on-w
elde
d co
nstru
ctio
n fo
r ap
plic
atio
ns in
hig
h-pr
essu
re g
as a
nd o
il tra
nsm
issi
on a
nddi
strib
utio
n sy
stem
s R
equi
rem
ents
for z
inc
coat
ings
app
lied
by th
e el
ectro
lytic
proc
ess
to a
ny g
rade
of h
ot-r
olle
d or
col
d-ro
lled
stee
l she
ets
K-122
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
913/
A91
3M
A92
4/A
924M
-10a
A99
2/A
992M
A96
0/A
960M
-10
A99
9/A
999-
04a
A10
08/A
1008
M-1
1
A10
11/A
1011
M
A10
18/A
1018
M
B3-
01
W, M
, S, H
P, C
, MC
, L, (
not a
ll sh
apes
pos
sibl
e;co
ntac
t man
ufac
ture
r)
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s, m
etal
lic-c
oate
d on
con
tinuo
us li
nes
by th
e ho
t-dip
pro
cess
W (a
lso
cove
rs, b
ut is
not
yet
com
mon
in, M
, , H
P, C
, MC
, & L
)
Com
mon
requ
irem
ents
that
sha
ll ap
ply
to w
roug
ht s
teel
pip
ing
fittings.Thematerialshallconsistofforgings,bars,platesand
seam
less
or w
elde
d tu
bula
r pro
duct
s
Gen
eral
requ
irem
ents
- re
fer t
o in
divi
dual
pro
duct
specificationsforspecialrequirements
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s in
var
ious
des
igna
tions
She
et a
nd s
trip
in c
oils
and
cut
leng
ths
Hea
vy-th
ickn
ess
stee
l she
et a
nd s
trip
coils
Dra
wn
and
anne
aled
or s
oft r
ound
bar
e co
pper
wire
for
elec
trica
l pur
pose
s
Stru
ctur
als
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Stru
ctur
als
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Stai
nles
sSt
eel
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-StrengthLow
-AlloySteel
Sha
pes
of S
truct
ural
Qua
lity,
Pro
duce
d by
Que
nchi
ng a
ndS
elf-T
empe
ring
Pro
cess
(QS
T)
StandardSpecificationforG
eneralRequirementsforS
teel
She
et, M
etal
lic-C
oate
d by
the
Hot
-Dip
Pro
cess
StandardSpecificationforS
tructuralSteelShapes
StandardSpecificationforC
ommonRequirementsfor
Wro
ught
Ste
el P
ipin
g Fi
tting
s
StandardSpecificationforG
eneralRequirementsfor
Allo
y an
d S
tain
less
Ste
el P
ipe
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heet,C
old-Rolled,Car
-bo
n, S
truct
ural
, Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow
Allo
y w
ith Im
prov
ed F
orm
abili
ty, S
olut
ion
Har
dene
d an
dB
ake
Har
dena
ble
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heetandStrip,Hot-
Rol
led,
Car
bon,
Stru
ctur
al, H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Low
-Allo
y, H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Low
-Allo
y w
ith Im
prov
ed F
orm
abili
ty a
nd U
ltra-
Hig
h S
treng
th
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heetandStrip,Heavy-
Thic
knes
s C
oils
, Hot
-Rol
led,
Car
bon,
Com
mer
cial
, Dra
win
g,S
truct
ural
, Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow A
lloy
with
Impr
oved
For
mab
ility
and
Ultr
a-H
igh
Stre
ngth
StandardSpecificationforS
oftorA
nnealedCopperW
ire
K-123
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)B
16/B
16M
-10
B21
/B21
M-0
6
B36
/B36
M-0
8a
B42
-10
B43
-09
B68
/B68
M-1
1
B75
-02
B10
1-07
B10
3/B
103M
-10
B12
1/B
121M
-01
StandardSpecificationforF
ree-CuttingBrassRod,B
ar
and
Sha
pes
for U
se in
Scr
ew M
achi
nes
StandardSpecificationforN
avalBrassRod,B
arand
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforB
rassPlate,S
heet,S
tripand
Rol
led
Bar
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCopperP
ipe,
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessRedBrasspipe,
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCopperT
ube,
Brig
ht A
nnea
led
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCopperT
ube
StandardSpecificationforLead-CoatedCopperS
heet
and
Stri
p fo
r Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion
StandardSpecificationforP
hosphorB
ronzePlate,S
heet,
Stri
p an
d R
olle
d B
ar
StandardSpecificationforLeadedBrassPlate,
She
et, S
trip
and
Rol
led
Bar
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloy
UN
S C
3600
0 su
itabl
e fo
rhi
gh-s
peed
scr
ew m
achi
ning
app
licat
ions
and
mod
erat
eth
read
rolli
ng
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
4620
0, C
4640
0, C
4794
0,
C48
200
and
C48
500
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
2100
0, C
2200
0, C
2260
0,
C23
000,
C24
000,
C26
000,
C26
800,
C27
200
and
C28
000
Nom
inal
pip
e si
zes,
bot
h re
gula
r and
ext
ra-s
trong
, sui
tabl
efo
r use
in p
lum
bing
, boi
ler f
eed
lines
and
for s
imila
r pur
pose
s
Nom
inal
pip
e si
zes,
bot
h re
gula
r and
ext
ra-s
trong
in v
ario
uste
mpe
rs
Sea
mle
ss tu
be s
uita
ble
for u
se in
refri
gera
tion,
oil
lines
, ga
solin
e lin
es, a
nd s
o fo
rth, w
here
tube
with
an
inte
rior
surfa
ce e
ssen
tially
free
from
sca
le a
nd d
irt is
requ
ired
Sea
mle
ss re
ctan
gula
r, ro
und
and
squa
re c
oppe
r allo
y tu
besu
itabl
e fo
r gen
eral
eng
inee
ring
appl
icat
ions
Flatlengthsorcoilsofounce-weightthicknessforroofing,
flashing,gutters,dow
nspoutsandgeneralsheetmetal
wor
k in
bui
ldin
g co
nstru
ctio
n
Allo
ys o
f cop
per-
tin (p
hosp
hor b
ronz
e pl
ate)
, cop
per-
tin-le
ad(le
aded
pho
spho
r bro
nze)
and
cop
per-
tin-le
ad-z
inc
(bea
ring
bron
ze)
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
3350
0, C
3400
0, C
3450
0,
C35
000,
C35
300
and
C35
600
K-124
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)B
134/
B13
4M-0
8
B13
5-10
B13
9/B
139M
-07
B14
0/B
140M
-07
B15
0/B
150M
-08
B15
1/B
151M
-05
B15
2/B
152M
-09
B17
1/B
171M
-11e
1
B18
7/B
187M
-11
B20
9
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r hex
agon
al, o
ctag
onal
, rec
tang
ular
, rou
ndan
d sq
uare
bra
ss w
ire o
f UN
S A
lloy
C21
000,
C22
000,
C22
600,
C
2300
0, C
2400
0, C
2600
0, C
2700
0 an
d C
2740
0
Sea
mle
ss re
ctan
gula
r, ro
und
and
squa
re c
oppe
r allo
y tu
be in
stra
ight
leng
ths
in v
ario
us te
mpe
rs
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
5100
0, C
5210
0, C
5240
0,
C53
400
and
C54
400
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
3140
0, C
3160
0 an
dC
3200
0 us
ed fo
r scr
ew m
achi
ne a
pplic
atio
ns
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
6130
0, C
6140
0,
C61
900,
C62
300,
C62
400,
C63
000,
C63
020,
C63
200,
C64
200,
an
d C
6421
0
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
7060
0, C
7062
0,
C71
500,
C71
520,
C74
500,
C75
200,
C75
700,
C76
400,
C77
000
and
C79
200
Vario
us c
oppe
r allo
ys u
sed
to p
rodu
ce s
heet
, stri
p, p
late
and
rolle
d ba
r
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
3650
0, C
4430
0, C
4440
0,
C44
500,
C46
400,
C46
500,
C61
300,
C61
400,
C63
000,
C63
200,
C
7060
0, C
7062
0, C
7150
0, C
7152
0 an
d C
7220
0
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r cop
per c
ondu
ctor
bar
s an
d sh
apes
for b
oth
elec
trica
l (bu
s) a
nd g
ener
al a
pplic
atio
ns
Coiledsheet,flatsheetandplateinvariousalloys,
tempersandfinishes
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Alu
min
um
StandardSpecificationforB
rassW
ire
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessBrassTube
StandardSpecificationforP
hosphorB
ronzeRod,B
arand
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforC
opper-Zinc-Lead(RedBrassor
Har
dwar
e B
ronz
e) R
od, B
ar a
nd S
hape
s
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
BronzeRod,B
arand
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforC
opper-Nickel-ZincAlloy
(Nic
kel S
ilver
) and
Cop
per-
Nic
kel R
od a
nd B
ar
StandardSpecificationforC
opperS
heet,S
trip,Plateand
Rol
led
Bar
StandardSpecificationforC
opper-AlloyPlateandSheetfor
Pre
ssur
e Ve
ssel
s, C
onde
nser
s an
d H
eat E
xcha
nger
s
StandardSpecificationforC
opper,BusBar,R
od,S
hapes
and
Gen
eral
Pur
pose
Rod
, Bar
and
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
K-125
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)B
210-
04
B21
1-03
B22
1-08
B24
1-B
241M
-10
B30
1/B
301M
-08
B30
8/B
308M
-10
B31
7/B
317M
-07
B37
0-09
B42
9/B
429M
-10
B45
3/B
453M
-08
B50
5/B
505M
-10
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
Dra
wn
Sea
mle
ss T
ubes
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
Bar
, Rod
and
Wire
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
ExtrudedBars,Rods,W
ire,P
rofilesandTubes
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
Sea
mle
ss P
ipe
and
Sea
mle
ss E
xtru
ded
Tube
StandardSpecificationforF
ree-CuttingCopperR
od,B
ar,
Wire
and
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
-Alloy6061-T6
StandardStructuralProfiles
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
-AlloyExtrudedBar,
Rod,Tube,Pipe,StructuralProfilesandProfilesforE
lec-
trica
l Pur
pose
s (B
us C
ondu
ctor
)
StandardSpecificationforC
opperS
heetandStripfor
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
-AlloyExtruded
Stru
ctur
al P
ipe
and
Tube
StandardSpecificationforC
opper-Zinc-LeadAlloy
(Lea
ded
Bra
ss) R
od, B
ar a
nd S
hape
s
StandardSpecificationforC
opperA
lloyContinuousCast-
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Alu
min
um
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e an
d C
oppe
r
Bra
ss, B
ronz
ean
d C
oppe
r
Sea
mle
ss tu
bes
in s
traig
ht le
ngth
s an
d co
ils fo
r gen
eral
purp
ose
and
pres
sure
app
licat
ions
Bar,rodandwireinvariousalloys,tem
persandfinishes
Extrudedshapesinvariousalloys,tem
persandfinishes
Vario
us a
lloys
of s
eam
less
pip
e an
d se
amle
ss e
xtru
ded
tube
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
1450
0, C
1451
0, C
1452
0,C
1470
0 an
d C
1870
0 su
itabl
e fo
r hig
h-sp
eed
scre
w m
achi
new
ork
or fo
r gen
eral
app
licat
ions
Lim
ited
to I-
beam
s, H
-bea
ms,
cha
nnel
s, a
ngle
s, te
es a
ndze
es, w
hich
sha
ll be
pro
duce
d by
hot
ext
rudi
ng o
nly
6101
alu
min
um-a
lloy
in s
elec
ted
tem
pers
for u
se a
sel
ectri
cal c
ondu
ctor
s
Flatlengthsorcoilsofounce-weightthicknessforroofing,
flashing,gutters,dow
nspoutsandgeneralsheetmetal
wor
k in
bui
ldin
g co
nstru
ctio
n
6061
and
606
3 ex
trude
d pi
pes
and
tube
s in
tend
ed fo
r use
in s
truct
ural
app
licat
ions
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
3350
0, C
3400
0, C
3450
0,
C35
000,
C35
300
and
C35
600
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r con
tinuo
usly
cas
t rod
, bar
, tub
e an
d sh
apes
prod
uced
from
cop
per a
lloys
with
nom
inal
com
posi
tions
K-126
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)B
632/
B63
2M-0
8
B69
5
E94
E165
E709
E103
2
F436
F959
F126
7-07
F155
4
F185
2
Alu
min
um-a
lloy
rolle
d tre
ad p
late
in v
ario
us a
lloys
,tempersandfinishes
Mec
hani
cal G
alva
nizi
ng
Rad
iogr
aphi
c te
stin
g
Dye
-pen
etra
nt te
stin
g
Mag
netic
par
ticle
test
ing
Mag
netic
par
ticle
test
ing
Was
hers
DTI
Was
hers
Exp
ande
d m
etal
sha
ll be
mad
e fro
m c
omm
erci
al s
teel
, car
bon
stee
l she
ets
or fr
om s
tain
less
ste
el s
heet
s. -
Type
I-ex
pand
ed o
rTypeII-expandedandflattened-C
lass1-uncoated,Class2-
hot-d
ip z
inc
unco
ated
or C
lass
3-c
orro
sion
resi
stin
g st
eel,
Gra
de A
and
Gra
de B
Anc
hor R
ods
Twis
t-off
type
tens
ion
cont
rol b
olts
in A
325
stre
ngth
leve
l
Alu
min
um
Mis
cella
neou
s
Test
ing
Test
ing
Test
ing
Test
ing
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Spec
ialty
Pr
oduc
ts
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
-Alloy
Rol
led
Trea
d P
late
StandardSpecificationforC
oatingsofZincMechanically
Dep
osite
d on
Iron
and
Ste
el
Sta
ndar
d G
uide
for R
adio
grap
hic
Exa
min
atio
n
Sta
ndar
d Te
st M
etho
d fo
r Liq
uid
Pen
etra
nt E
xam
inat
ion
for G
ener
al In
dust
ry
Sta
ndar
d G
uide
for M
agne
tic P
artic
le T
estin
g
Sta
ndar
d te
st M
etho
d fo
r Rad
iogr
aphi
c E
xam
inat
ion
of W
eldm
ents
StandardSpecificationforH
ardenedSteelW
ashers
StandardSpecificationforC
ompressible-Washer-Type
Dire
ct T
ensi
on In
dica
tors
for U
se w
ith S
truct
ural
Fas
tene
rs
StandardSpecificationforM
etal,E
xpanded,Steel
StandardSpecificationforA
nchorB
olts,S
teel,36,55and
105
ksi Y
ield
Stre
ngth
StandardSpecificationfor“Tw
ist-O
ff”TypeTensionControl
Stru
ctur
al B
olt/W
ashe
r Ass
embl
ies,
Ste
el, H
eat T
reat
ed,
120/
105
ksi M
inim
um T
ensi
le S
treng
th
K-127
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
759
A91
3/A
913M
A99
2/A
992M
A6/
A6M
A36
/A36
M
A24
2/A
242M
A52
9/A
529M
A57
2/A
572M
A58
8/A
588M
A70
9/A
709M
A10
8
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonSteelCraneRails
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-StrengthLow
-AlloySteel
Sha
pes
of S
truct
ural
Qua
lity,
Pro
duce
d by
Que
nchi
ng a
ndS
elf-T
empe
ring
Pro
cess
(QS
T)
StandardSpecificationforS
tructuralSteelShapes
StandardSpecificationforG
eneralRequirementsforR
olled
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
Bar
s, P
late
s, S
hape
s an
d S
heet
Pili
ng
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonStructuralSteel
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-StrengthLow
-Alloy
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-Strength
Car
bon-
Man
gane
se S
teel
of S
truct
ural
Qua
lity
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-Strength,Low
-Alloy,
Col
umbi
um-V
anad
ium
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-Strength,Low
-Alloy,
Stru
ctur
al S
teel
, up
to 5
0 ks
i [34
5MP
a] M
inim
um Y
ield
P
oint
with
Atm
osph
eric
Cor
rosi
on R
esis
tanc
e
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandHigh-Strength
Low
-Allo
y S
truct
ural
Ste
el S
hape
s, P
late
s, a
nd B
ars
and
Que
nche
d-an
d-Te
mpe
red
Allo
y S
truct
ural
Ste
el P
late
sfo
r Brid
ges
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBar,C
arbonandAlloy,
Col
d-Fi
nish
ed
Stru
ctur
als
St
ruct
ural
s
Stru
ctur
als
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Stru
ctur
als,
Pl
ates
& B
ars
Bar
s
Cra
ne ra
ils
W, M
, S, H
P, C
, MC
, L, (
not a
ll sh
apes
pos
sibl
e;co
ntac
t man
ufac
ture
r)
W (a
lso
cove
rs, b
ut is
not
yet
com
mon
in, M
, , H
P, C
, MC
, & L
)
Gen
eral
requ
irem
ents
onl
y, fo
r W, M
, S, H
P, C
, MC
, L,
Pla
tes
and
Bar
s
M, S
, HP,
C, M
C, L
, Pla
tes,
Bar
s (a
lso
cove
rs, b
ut is
no
long
erco
mm
on fo
r W-S
hape
s; s
ee A
992)
Wea
ther
ing
stee
l for
sha
pes,
pla
tes
and
bars
Sha
pes,
pla
tes
and
bars
M, S
, HP,
C, M
C, L
, Pla
tes,
Bar
s (a
lso
cove
rs, b
ut is
no
long
erco
mm
on fo
r W-S
hape
s; s
ee A
992)
Wea
ther
ing
Ste
el fo
r W, M
, SW
, HP,
C, M
C, L
, Pla
tes
& B
ars
Sha
pes,
Pla
tes
and
Bar
s fo
r Brid
ges
Bar
s fo
r hea
t tre
atm
ent,
mac
hini
ng, s
hafti
ng o
r in
cons
truct
iona
l app
licat
ions
K-128
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
295/
A29
5M-0
9
A31
1/A
311M
-04
A32
2-07
A43
4-06
A57
5-96
A57
6-90
b
A73
9-90
a
A28
3/A
283M
A28
5/A
285M
A38
7/A
387M
-11
A51
4/A
514M
Bea
ring-
qual
ity s
teel
to b
e us
ed in
the
man
ufac
ture
of
anti-
frict
ion
bear
ings
Vario
us c
lass
es, g
rade
s an
d co
nditi
ons
Hot
-wro
ught
allo
y st
eel b
ars
Hot-wroughtandcold-finishedquenchedandtempered
allo
y st
eel b
ars
Hot
-wro
ught
mer
chan
t qua
lity
carb
on s
teel
bar
s pr
oduc
edto
a c
hem
ical
com
posi
tion
Hot
-wro
ught
spe
cial
qua
lity
carb
on s
teel
bar
s
Ferr
itic
allo
y st
eel b
ars
for e
leva
ted
tem
pera
ture
or p
ress
ure-
cont
aini
ng p
arts
sui
tabl
e fo
r fus
ion
wel
ding
or b
oth
Pla
tes
Pla
tes
that
are
inte
nded
for f
usio
n-w
elde
d pr
essu
re v
esse
ls
Pla
tes
for w
elde
d bo
ilers
and
pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
s de
sign
ed fo
rel
evat
ed te
mpe
ratu
re s
ervi
ce
Pla
tes
Bar
s
Bar
s
Bar
s
Bar
s
Bar
s
Bar
s
Bar
s
Plat
es
Plat
es
Plat
es
Plat
es
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-CarbonAnti-Friction
Bea
ring
Ste
el
StandardSpecificationforC
old-Drawn,Stress-Relieved
Car
bon
Ste
el B
ars
Sub
ject
to M
echa
nica
l Pro
perty
R
equi
rem
ents
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Alloy,Standard
Gra
des
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Alloy,Hot-W
rought
or C
old-
Fini
shed
, Que
nche
d an
d Te
mpe
red
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Carbon,Merchant
Qua
lity,
M-G
rade
s
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Carbon,Hot-W
rought,
Spe
cial
Qua
lity
StandardSpecificationforS
teelBars,Alloy,Hot-W
rought,for
Ele
vate
d Te
mpe
ratu
re o
r Pre
ssur
e-C
onta
inin
g P
arts
, or B
oth
StandardSpecificationforLow
andIntermediateTensile
Stre
ngth
Car
bon
Ste
el P
late
s
StandardSpecificationforP
ressureVe
sselPlates,Carbon
Ste
el, L
ow-a
nd In
term
edia
te T
ensi
le S
treng
th
StandardSpecificationforP
ressureVe
sselPlates,Alloy
Ste
el, C
hrom
ium
-Mol
ybde
num
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-YieldStrength,Q
uenched
and
Tem
pere
d A
lloy
Ste
el P
late
, Sui
tabl
e fo
r Wel
ding
K-129
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
515/
A51
5M
A51
6/A
516M
A65
6/A
656M
A78
6/A
786M
A82
9/A
829M
-06
A83
0/A
830M
A85
2/A
852M
A30
8/A
308M
-10
A42
4/A
424M
A46
3/46
3M
A56
8/A
568M
StandardSpecificationforP
ressureVe
sselPlates,Carbon
Ste
el, f
or In
term
edia
te-a
nd-H
ighe
r-Te
mpe
ratu
re S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforP
ressureVe
sselPlates,Carbon
Ste
el, f
or M
oder
ate-
and-
Low
er-T
empe
ratu
re S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforH
ot-RolledStructuralSteel,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy
Pla
te w
ith Im
prov
ed F
orm
abili
ty
StandardSpecificationforH
otRolledCarbon,Low
-Alloy,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy
and
Allo
y S
teel
Flo
or P
late
s
StandardSpecificationforA
lloyStructuralSteelPlates
StandardSpecificationforP
lates,CarbonSteel,S
tructural
Qua
lity,
Fur
nish
ed to
Che
mic
al C
ompo
sitio
n R
equi
rem
ents
StandardSpecificationforQ
uenchedandTempered
Low
-Allo
y S
truct
ural
Ste
el P
late
with
70
ksi [
485M
Pa]
Min
imum
Yie
ld S
treng
th to
4 in
. [10
0 m
m] T
hick
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,Terne(Lead-TinAl-
loy)
Coa
ted
by th
e H
ot-D
ip P
roce
ss
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heet,forPorcelain
Ena
mel
ing
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,A
luminum
-Coated,
by th
e H
ot-D
ip P
roce
ss
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heet,C
arbon,Structural
and
Hig
h-S
treng
th, L
ow-A
lloy,
Hot
-Rol
led
and
Col
d-R
olle
d
Plat
es
Plat
es
Plat
es
Plat
es
Plat
es
Plat
es
Plat
es
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Pla
tes
prim
arily
inte
nded
for u
se in
wel
ded
boile
rs a
ndot
her p
ress
ure
vess
els
Pla
tes
prim
arily
inte
nded
for u
se in
wel
ded
pres
sure
ves
sels
whe
re im
prov
ed n
otch
toug
hnes
s is
impo
rtant
Thre
e ty
pes
and
four
stre
ngth
gra
des
of h
ot ro
lled
stru
ctur
al s
teel
pla
te w
ith im
prov
ed fo
rmab
ility
Checkeredfloorplate
Allo
y st
ruct
ural
ste
el p
late
s
Car
bon
stee
l pla
tes
in s
tand
ard
and
non-
stan
dard
gra
des
Pla
tes
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s co
ated
with
lead
-tin
allo
y by
the
hot-d
ip p
roce
ss
She
et s
teel
in c
oils
and
cut
leng
ths
for p
orce
lain
ena
mel
ing
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s w
ith tw
o ty
pes
of a
lum
inum
coa
ting
and
seve
ral c
oatin
g w
eigh
ts
Gen
eral
requ
irem
ents
for s
teel
she
ets
in c
oils
and
cut l
engt
hs
K-130
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
606/
A60
6M
A63
5/A
635M
A65
3/A
653M
A79
2/A
792M
-10
A87
9/A
879M
A92
4/A
924M
-10a
A10
08/A
1008
M-1
1
A10
11/A
1011
M
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s of
she
et a
nd s
trip
for s
truct
ural
and
mis
cella
neou
s pu
rpos
es
Gen
eral
requ
irem
ents
for h
eavy
thic
knes
s sh
eet a
ndst
rip c
oils
Coa
ted
stee
l she
et in
coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s fo
r app
licat
ions
requ
iring
cor
rosi
onre
sist
ance
or h
eat r
esis
tanc
e or
bot
h
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r zin
c co
atin
gs a
pplie
d by
the
elec
troly
ticpr
oces
s to
any
gra
de o
f hot
-rol
led
or c
old-
rolle
d st
eel s
heet
s
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s, m
etal
lic-c
oate
d on
con
tinuo
us li
nes
by th
e ho
t-dip
pro
cess
Coi
ls a
nd c
ut le
ngth
s in
var
ious
des
igna
tions
She
et a
nd s
trip
in c
oils
and
cut
leng
ths
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heetandStrip,
Hig
h-S
treng
th, L
ow-A
lloy,
Hot
-Rol
led
and
Col
d-R
olle
d,w
ith Im
prov
ed A
tmos
pher
ic C
orro
sion
Res
ista
nce
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heetandStrip,
Hea
vy-T
hick
ness
Coi
ls, H
ot-R
olle
d, A
lloy,
Car
bon,
Stru
c-tu
ral,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy
and
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy
with
Impr
oved
For
mab
ility
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,Zinc-Coated
(Gal
vani
zed)
or Z
inc-
Iron
Allo
y-C
oate
d (G
alva
nnea
led)
by th
e H
ot-D
ip P
roce
ss
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,55%
Aluminum
-Zinc
Allo
y-C
oate
d by
the
Hot
-Dip
Pro
cess
StandardSpecificationforS
teelSheet,ZincCoatedbythe
Ele
ctro
lytic
Pro
cess
for A
pplic
atio
ns R
equi
ring
Des
igna
tion
of th
e C
oatin
g M
ass
on E
ach
Sur
face
StandardSpecificationforG
eneralRequirementsforS
teel
She
et, M
etal
lic-C
oate
d by
the
Hot
-Dip
Pro
cess
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heet,C
old-Rolled,Car
-bo
n, S
truct
ural
, Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow
Allo
y w
ith Im
prov
ed F
orm
abili
ty, S
olut
ion
Har
dene
d an
dB
ake
Har
dena
ble
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heetandStrip,Hot-
Rol
led,
Car
bon,
Stru
ctur
al, H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Low
-Allo
y, H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Low
-Allo
y w
ith Im
prov
ed F
orm
abili
ty a
nd U
ltra-
Hig
h S
treng
th
K-131
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
1018
/A10
18M
A53
/A53
M
A10
6/A
106M
A13
5/A
135M
A25
2
A33
3/A
333M
A33
5/A
335M
A50
0/A
500M
A50
1
A51
2-06
StandardSpecificationforS
teel,S
heetandStrip,Heavy-
Thic
knes
s C
oils
, Hot
-Rol
led,
Car
bon,
Com
mer
cial
, Dra
win
g,S
truct
ural
, Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow-A
lloy,
Hig
h-S
treng
th L
ow A
lloy
with
Impr
oved
For
mab
ility
and
Ultr
a-H
igh
Stre
ngth
StandardSpecificationforP
ipe,Steel,B
lackand
Hot
-Dip
ped,
Zin
c-C
oate
d, W
elde
d an
d S
eam
less
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCarbonSteelPipe
for H
igh-
Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforE
lectric-Resistance-Welded
Ste
el P
ipe
StandardSpecificationforW
eldedandSeamless
Ste
el P
ipe
Pile
s
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedSteel
Pip
e fo
r Low
-Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessFerriticAlloy-Steel
Pip
e fo
r Hig
h-Te
mpe
ratu
re S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforC
old-FormedW
eldedand
Sea
mle
ss C
arbo
n S
teel
Stru
ctur
al T
ubin
g in
Rou
nds
and
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforH
ot-FormedW
eldedand
Sea
mle
ss C
arbo
n S
teel
Stru
ctur
al T
ubin
g
StandardSpecificationforC
old-DrawnButtweldCarbon
Ste
el M
echa
nica
l Tub
ing
Shee
ts &
Coi
ls
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Hea
vy-th
ickn
ess
stee
l she
et a
nd s
trip
coils
Pip
e (n
ot H
SS
; see
A50
0)
Pipesthataresuitableforw
elding,bending,flanging
and
sim
ilar f
orm
ing
oper
atio
ns
Two
grad
es -
inte
nded
for c
onve
ying
gas
, vap
or, w
ater
or o
ther
liqu
id
Pip
e th
at a
cts
as a
per
man
ent l
oad-
carr
ying
mem
ber o
r as
ash
ell t
o fo
rm c
ast-i
n-pl
ace
conc
rete
pile
s
Car
bon
and
allo
y st
eel p
ipe
inte
nded
for u
se a
t low
tem
pera
ture
s
Ferr
itic
allo
y-st
eel p
ipe
inte
nded
for u
se a
t hig
h te
mpe
ratu
res
Rou
nd, R
ecta
ngul
ar a
nd S
quar
e H
SS
(not
pip
e; s
ee A
53)
Rec
tang
ular
, rou
nd a
nd s
quar
e H
SS
(not
pip
e; s
ee A
53)
Rec
tang
ular
, rou
nd, s
quar
e or
spe
cial
sha
pem
echa
nica
l tub
ing
K-132
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
513
A51
9
A58
9/A
589M
A61
8/A
618M
A84
7
A10
5/A
105M
-10a
A18
2/A
182M
-11
A23
4/A
234M
-11
A35
0/A
350M
-10
A40
3/A
403M
-10
Rec
tang
ular
, rou
nd, s
quar
e an
d sp
ecia
l sha
pe tu
bing
mad
e fro
m h
ot o
r col
d ro
lled
stee
l
Sev
eral
gra
des
of c
arbo
n an
d al
loy
mec
hani
cal t
ubin
g, e
ither
hot-finishedorcold-finished
Fourspecifictypesofpipeforuseinwaterwells
Rec
tang
ular
, rou
nd a
nd s
quar
e H
SS
(not
pip
e; s
ee A
53)
Wea
ther
ing
stee
l for
Rec
tang
ular
, Rou
nd a
nd
Squ
are
HS
S (n
ot p
ipe)
Forgedcarbonsteelpipingcomponents-flanges,fittings,valves
and
sim
ilar p
arts
, for
use
in p
ress
ure
syst
ems
at a
mbi
ent a
nd
high
er-te
mpe
ratu
re s
ervi
ce c
ondi
tions
Forg
ed lo
w a
lloy
and
stai
nles
s st
eel p
ipin
g co
mpo
nent
s fo
r use
in p
ress
ure
syst
ems
Wroughtcarbonsteelandalloyfittingsofseamlessandwelded
cons
truct
ion
for u
se in
pre
ssur
e pi
ping
and
in p
ress
ure
vess
el
fabr
icat
ion
for s
ervi
ce a
t mod
erat
e an
d el
evat
ed te
mpe
ratu
res
Sev
eral
gra
des
of c
arbo
n an
d lo
w-a
lloy
stee
l for
ged
or ri
ng-r
olle
dflanges,forgedfittingsandvalvesintendedprim
arilyfor
low
-tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
and
requ
iring
not
ch to
ughn
ess
test
ing
Wroughtausteniticstainlesssteelfittingsforpressurepiping
appl
icat
ions
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Tubi
ng &
Pip
e
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
StandardSpecificationforE
lectric-Resistance-Welded
Car
bon
and
Allo
y S
teel
Mec
hani
cal T
ubin
g
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCarbonandAlloySteel
Mec
hani
cal T
ubin
g
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedCarbon
Ste
el W
ater
-Wel
l Pip
e
StandardSpecificationforH
ot-FormedW
eldedand
Sea
mle
ss H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Low
-Allo
y S
truct
ural
Tub
ing
StandardSpecificationforC
old-FormedW
eldedand
Sea
mle
ss H
igh-
Stre
ngth
, Low
-Allo
y S
truct
ural
Tub
ing
with
Impr
oved
Atm
osph
eric
Cor
rosi
on R
esis
tanc
e
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonSteelForgingsforP
iping
App
licat
ions
StandardSpecificationforF
orgedorRolledAlloyand
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Pip
e Fl
ange
s, F
orge
d Fi
tting
s, V
alve
s an
d P
arts
for H
igh-
Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforP
ipingFittingsofW
roughtCarbon
Ste
el a
nd A
lloy
Ste
el fo
r Mod
erat
e an
d H
igh
Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandLow-AlloySteel
Forg
ings
, Req
uirin
g N
otch
Tou
ghne
ss T
estin
g fo
r Pip
ing
Com
pone
nts
StandardSpecificationforW
roughtAusteniticStainless
Ste
el P
ipin
g Fi
tting
s
K-133
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
420/
A42
0M-1
0a
A69
4/A
694M
-08
A77
4/A
774M
-09
A81
5/A
815M
-10a
A85
8/A
858M
-10a
A86
0/A
860M
-10
A96
0/A
960M
-10
A16
7-99
A17
6-99
A21
3/A
213M
-11
StandardSpecificationforP
ipingFittingsofW
roughtCarbon
Ste
el a
nd A
lloy
Ste
el fo
r Low
-Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandAlloySteelForgings
for P
ipe
Flan
ges,
Fitt
ings
, Val
ves
and
Par
ts fo
r Hig
h-P
res-
sure
Tra
nsm
issi
on S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforA
s-WeldedWroughtAustenitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Fitt
ings
for G
ener
al C
orro
sive
Ser
vice
at
Low
and
Mod
erat
e Te
mpe
ratu
res
StandardSpecificationforW
roughtFerritic,Ferritic/
Aus
teni
tic a
nd M
arte
nsiti
c S
tain
less
Ste
el P
ipin
g Fi
tting
s
StandardSpecificationforH
eat-T
reatedCarbonSteel
Fitti
ngs
for L
ow-T
empe
ratu
re a
nd C
orro
sive
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforW
roughtHigh-StrengthLow
-Alloy
Ste
el B
utt-W
eldi
ng F
ittin
gs
StandardSpecificationforC
ommonRequirementsfor
Wro
ught
Ste
el P
ipin
g Fi
tting
s
StandardSpecificationforS
tainlessandHeat-R
esisting
Chr
omiu
m-N
icke
l Ste
el P
late
, She
et a
nd S
trip
StandardSpecificationforS
tainlessandHeat-R
esisting
Chr
omiu
m S
teel
Pla
te, S
heet
and
Stri
p
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessFerriticandAustenitic
Allo
y-S
teel
Boi
ler,
Sup
erhe
ater
and
Hea
t-Exc
hang
er T
ubes
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Fitti
ngs
&
Flan
ges
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Wroughtcarbonsteelandalloysteelpipefittingsofseamless
and
wel
ded
cons
truct
ion
for u
se in
pre
ssur
e pi
ping
and
pre
s-su
re v
esse
l ser
vice
at l
ow te
mpe
ratu
res
Forgedorrolledsteelpipeflanges,forgedfittings,valvesand
parts
sui
tabl
e fo
r use
with
hig
h-st
reng
th tr
ansm
issi
on-s
ervi
cepi
pe
Five
gra
des
of a
s-w
elde
d, w
roug
ht a
uste
nitic
sta
inle
ss s
teel
fittingsforlow
-pressurepipingandforlow
andmoderate
tem
pera
ture
s an
d ge
nera
l cor
rosi
ve s
ervi
ce
Two
gene
ral c
lass
es, W
P an
d C
R, o
f wro
ught
ferr
itic,
ferr
itic/
austeniticandmartensiticstainlesssteelfittingsofseamless
and
wel
ded
cons
truct
ion
Heat-treatedwroughtcarbonsteelpipingfittingswithlowered
carb
on c
onte
nt o
f sea
mle
ss a
nd e
lect
ric fu
sion
-wel
ded
con-
stru
ctio
n fo
r low
-tem
pera
ture
and
cor
rosi
ve s
ervi
ce a
pplic
a-tio
ns
Wroughthigh-strengthlow-alloybutt-weldingsteelfittingsof
seam
less
and
ele
ctric
fusi
on-w
elde
d co
nstru
ctio
n fo
r app
lica-
tions
in h
igh-
pres
sure
gas
and
oil
trans
mis
sion
and
dis
tribu
tion
syst
ems
Com
mon
requ
irem
ents
that
sha
ll ap
ply
to w
roug
ht s
teel
pip
ing
fittings.Thematerialshallconsistofforgings,bars,platesand
seam
less
or w
elde
d tu
bula
r pro
duct
s
Sta
inle
ss a
nd h
eat-r
esis
ting
chro
miu
m-n
icke
l Ste
elpl
ate,
she
et a
nd s
trip
not c
over
ed in
AS
TM A
240/
A24
0M
Sta
inle
ss a
nd h
eat-r
esis
ting
chro
miu
m s
teel
pla
te,
shee
t and
stri
p no
t cov
ered
in A
STM
A24
0/A
240M
Sea
mle
ss fe
rriti
c an
d au
sten
itic
stee
l boi
ler,
supe
rhea
ter a
ndheat-exchangertubes.Tubesshallbeeitherhotfinishedor
coldfinished,asspecified
K-134
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
240/
240M
A24
9/A
249M
-10a
A26
8/A
268M
-10
A26
9-10
A27
0/A
270M
-10
A27
6-10
A31
2/A
312M
A37
6/A
376M
-06
A47
9/A
479M
-10a
Sta
inle
ss p
late
, she
et a
nd s
trip
for p
ress
ure
vess
els
and
gene
ral a
pplic
atio
ns
Vario
us g
rade
s of
nom
inal
-wal
l-thi
ckne
ss w
elde
d tu
bes
and
heav
ily c
old
wor
ked
wel
ded
tube
s in
tend
ed fo
r use
in a
bo
iler,
supe
rhea
ter,
heat
exc
hang
er o
r con
dens
er
A nu
mbe
r of g
rade
s of
nom
inal
-wal
l-thi
ckne
ss, w
elde
d fe
rriti
can
d m
arte
nsiti
c st
ainl
ess
stee
l tub
ing
for g
ener
al c
orro
sion
-re
sist
ing
and
high
-tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
Vario
us g
rade
s of
nom
inal
-wal
l-thi
ckne
ss, s
eam
less
and
wel
ded
aust
eniti
c st
eel t
ubin
g fo
r gen
eral
cor
rosi
on-r
esis
ting
and
low
- or h
igh-
tem
pera
ture
ser
vice
Gra
des
of s
eam
less
, wel
ded,
and
hea
vily
col
d w
orke
d au
sten
itic
and
ferr
itic/
aust
eniti
c st
ainl
ess
stee
l san
itary
tubi
ng in
tend
edfo
r use
in th
e da
iry a
nd fo
od in
dust
ry a
nd h
avin
g sp
ecia
l sur
face
finishes.Pharmaceuticalqualitymayberequested,asa
supp
lem
enta
ry re
quire
men
t
Variousshapesofhot-finishedorcold-finishedbars,except
bars
for r
efor
ging
Pip
e th
at is
inte
nded
for h
igh-
tem
pera
ture
and
gene
ral c
orro
sive
ser
vice
Vario
us g
rade
s of
pip
e in
tend
ed fo
r hig
h-te
mpe
ratu
rece
ntra
l-sta
tion
serv
ice
Varioushot-finishedorcold-finishedshapesforusein
boile
r and
pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
con
stru
ctio
n
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
StandardSpecificationforC
hrom
iumandChrom
ium-Nickel
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Pla
te, S
heet
and
Stri
p
StandardSpecificationforW
eldedAusteniticSteelBoiler,
Sup
erhe
ater
, Hea
t-Exc
hang
er a
nd C
onde
nser
Tub
es
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedFerritic
and
Mar
tens
itic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Tub
ing
for G
ener
al S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedAustenitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Tub
ing
for G
ener
al S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedAustenitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
San
itary
Tub
ing
StandardSpecificationforS
tainlessSteelBarsandShapes
StandardSpecificationforS
eamless,W
eldedandHeavily
Col
d W
orke
d A
uste
nitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Pip
es
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessAusteniticSteelPipe
for H
igh-
Tem
pera
ture
Cen
tral-S
tatio
n S
ervi
ce
StandardSpecificationforS
tainlessSteelBarsandShapes
for U
se in
Boi
lers
and
Oth
er P
ress
ure
Vess
els
K-135
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)A
480/
A48
0M-1
1a
A55
4-10
A56
4/A
564-
10
A58
2/A
582M
-05
A66
6-10
A69
3-06
A77
8-01
A78
9/A
789-
10a
A79
3-96
A99
9/A
999-
04a
B20
9
StandardSpecificationforG
eneralRequirementsforF
lat-
Rol
led
Sta
inle
ss a
nd H
eat-R
esis
ting
Ste
el P
late
, She
et a
ndS
trip
StandardSpecificationforW
eldedStainlessSteel
Mec
hani
cal T
ubin
g
StandardSpecificationforH
ot-RolledandCold-Finished
Age
-Har
deni
ng S
tain
less
Ste
el B
ars
and
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforF
ree-MachiningStainless
Ste
el B
ars
StandardSpecificationforA
nnealedorCold-Worked
Aus
teni
tic S
tain
less
Ste
el S
heet
, Stri
p, P
late
and
Fla
t Bar
StandardSpecificationforP
recipitation-HardeningStainless
and
Hea
t-Res
istin
g S
teel
Pla
te, S
heet
and
Stri
p
StandardSpecificationforW
elded,UnannealedAustenitic
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Tub
ular
Pro
duct
s
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessandW
eldedFerritic/
Aus
teni
tic S
tain
less
Ste
el T
ubin
g fo
r Gen
eral
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforR
olledFloorP
late,S
tainlessSteel
StandardSpecificationforG
eneralRequirementsfor
Allo
y an
d S
tain
less
Ste
el P
ipe
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
She
et a
nd P
late
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Stai
nles
s St
eel
Alu
min
um
Generalrequirementsforflat-rolledstainlessandheat-
resi
stin
g st
eel p
late
, she
et a
nd s
trip
Mec
hani
cal a
pplic
atio
ns w
here
app
eara
nce,
mec
hani
cal
prop
ertie
s or
cor
rosi
on re
sist
ance
is n
eede
d
Varioushot-finishedorcold-finishedshapesofage-hardening
stai
nles
s st
eel
Variousshapesofhot-finishedorcold-finishedbars,except
bars
for f
orgi
ng, s
uita
ble
for m
achi
ning
pro
cess
es.
Diff
eren
t sha
pes
in th
e an
neal
ed a
nd n
orm
ally
requ
ired
cold
-wor
ked
cond
ition
s
Pre
cipi
tatio
n-ha
rden
ing
stai
nles
s st
eel p
late
, she
et a
nd s
trip
Inte
nded
for l
ow a
nd m
oder
ate
tem
pera
ture
s an
d co
rros
ive
serv
ice
whe
re tr
eatm
ent i
s no
t nec
essa
ry fo
r cor
rosi
on re
sis-
tanc
e
Gra
des
of n
omin
al w
all t
hick
ness
, sta
inle
ss s
teel
tubi
ng fo
rse
rvic
es re
quiri
ng g
ener
al c
orro
sion
resi
stan
ce, w
ith p
artic
ular
emph
asis
on
resi
stan
ce to
stre
ss c
orro
sion
cra
ckin
g. T
hese
st
eels
are
sus
cept
ible
to e
mbr
ittle
men
t if u
sed
for p
rolo
nged
perio
ds a
t ele
vate
d te
mpe
ratu
res
Standardforstainlesssteelfloorplates
Gen
eral
requ
irem
ents
- re
fer t
o in
divi
dual
pro
duct
specificationsforspecialrequirements
Coiledsheet,flatsheetandplateinvariousalloys,
tempersandfinishes
K-136
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)B
210-
04
B21
1-03
B22
1-08
B24
1-B
241M
-10
B30
8/B
308M
-10
B31
7/B
317M
-07
B42
9/B
429M
-10
B63
2/B
632M
-08
A61
5/A
615M
A68
1-08
F126
7-07
Sea
mle
ss tu
bes
in s
traig
ht le
ngth
s an
d co
ils fo
r gen
eral
purp
ose
and
pres
sure
app
licat
ions
Bar,rodandwireinvariousalloys,tem
persandfinishes
Extrudedshapesinvariousalloys,tem
persandfinishes
Vario
us a
lloys
of s
eam
less
pip
e an
d se
amle
ss e
xtru
ded
tube
Lim
ited
to I-
beam
s, H
-bea
ms,
cha
nnel
s, a
ngle
s, te
es a
ndze
es, w
hich
sha
ll be
pro
duce
d by
hot
ext
rudi
ng o
nly
6101
alu
min
um-a
lloy
in s
elec
ted
tem
pers
for u
se a
sel
ectri
cal c
ondu
ctor
s
6061
and
606
3 ex
trude
d pi
pes
and
tube
s in
tend
ed fo
r use
in s
truct
ural
app
licat
ions
Alu
min
um-a
lloy
rolle
d tre
ad p
late
in v
ario
us a
lloys
,tempersandfinishes
Vario
us g
rade
s in
cut
leng
ths
and
coils
Che
mic
al, m
echa
nica
l and
phy
sica
l req
uire
men
ts fo
rav
aila
ble
wro
ught
allo
y to
ol s
teel
pro
duct
s
Exp
ande
d m
etal
sha
ll be
mad
e fro
m c
omm
erci
al s
teel
, car
bon
stee
l she
ets
or fr
om s
tain
less
ste
el s
heet
s. -
Type
I-ex
pand
ed o
rTypeII-expandedandflattened-C
lass1-uncoated,Class2-
hot-d
ip z
inc
unco
ated
or C
lass
3-c
orro
sion
resi
stin
g st
eel,
Gra
de A
and
Gra
de B
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Alu
min
um
Spec
ialty
Pr
oduc
ts
Spec
ialty
Pr
oduc
ts
Spec
ialty
Pr
oduc
ts
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
Dra
wn
Sea
mle
ss T
ubes
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
Bar
, Rod
and
Wire
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
ExtrudedBars,Rods,W
ire,P
rofilesandTubes
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
andAluminum
-Alloy
Sea
mle
ss P
ipe
and
Sea
mle
ss E
xtru
ded
Tube
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
-Alloy6061-T6
StandardStructuralProfiles
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
-AlloyExtrudedBar,
Rod,Tube,Pipe,StructuralProfilesandProfilesfor
Ele
ctric
al P
urpo
ses
(Bus
Con
duct
or)
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
-AlloyExtruded
Stru
ctur
al P
ipe
and
Tube
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
-Alloy
Rol
led
Trea
d P
late
StandardSpecificationforD
eformedandPlainCarbon-Steel
Bar
s fo
r Con
cret
e R
einf
orce
men
t
StandardSpecificationforToolSteelsAlloy
StandardSpecificationforM
etal,E
xpanded,Steel
K-137
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)B
3-01
B16
/B16
M-1
0
B21
/B21
M-0
6
B36
/B36
M-0
8a
B42
-10
B43
-09
B68
/B68
M-1
1
B75
-02
B10
1-07
B10
3/B
103M
-10
B12
1/B
121M
-01
StandardSpecificationforS
oftorA
nnealedCopperW
ire
StandardSpecificationforF
ree-CuttingBrassRod,B
arand
Sha
pes
for U
se in
Scr
ew M
achi
nes
StandardSpecificationforN
avalBrassRod,B
arandShapes
StandardSpecificationforB
rassPlate,S
heet,S
tripand
Rol
led
Bar
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCopperP
ipe,
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessRedBrasspipe,
Sta
ndar
d S
izes
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCopperT
ube,
Brig
ht A
nnea
led
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessCopperT
ube
StandardSpecificationforLead-CoatedCopperS
heetand
Stri
p fo
r Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion
StandardSpecificationforP
hosphorB
ronzePlate,S
heet,
Stri
p an
d R
olle
d B
ar
StandardSpecificationforLeadedBrassPlate,S
heet,
Stri
p an
d R
olle
d B
ar
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Dra
wn
and
anne
aled
or s
oft r
ound
bar
e co
pper
wire
for
elec
trica
l pur
pose
s
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloy
UN
S C
3600
0 su
itabl
e fo
r hig
h-sp
eed
scre
w m
achi
ning
app
licat
ions
and
mod
erat
e th
read
rolli
ng
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
4620
0, C
4640
0, C
4794
0,
C48
200
and
C48
500
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
2100
0, C
2200
0, C
2260
0,
C23
000,
C24
000,
C26
000,
C26
800,
C27
200
and
C28
000
Nom
inal
pip
e si
zes,
bot
h re
gula
r and
ext
ra-s
trong
, sui
tabl
efo
r use
in p
lum
bing
, boi
ler f
eed
lines
and
for s
imila
r pur
pose
s
Nom
inal
pip
e si
zes,
bot
h re
gula
r and
ext
ra-s
trong
in v
ario
uste
mpe
rs
Sea
mle
ss tu
be s
uita
ble
for u
se in
refri
gera
tion,
oil
lines
, ga
solin
e lin
es, a
nd s
o fo
rth, w
here
tube
with
an
inte
rior
surfa
ce e
ssen
tially
free
from
sca
le a
nd d
irt is
requ
ired
Sea
mle
ss re
ctan
gula
r, ro
und
and
squa
re c
oppe
r allo
y tu
besu
itabl
e fo
r gen
eral
eng
inee
ring
appl
icat
ions
Flatlengthsorcoilsofounce-weightthicknessforroofing,
flashing,gutters,dow
nspoutsandgeneralsheetmetal
wor
k in
bui
ldin
g co
nstru
ctio
n
Allo
ys o
f cop
per-
tin (p
hosp
hor b
ronz
e pl
ate)
, cop
per-
tin-le
ad(le
aded
pho
spho
r bro
nze)
and
cop
per-
tin-le
ad-z
inc
(bea
ring
bron
ze)
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
3350
0, C
3400
0, C
3450
0,
C35
000,
C35
300
and
C35
600
K-138
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)B
134/
B13
4M-0
8
B13
5-10
B13
9/B
139M
-07
B14
0/B
140M
-07
B15
0/B
150M
-08
B15
1/B
151M
-05
B15
2/B
152M
-09
B17
1/B
171M
-11e
1
B18
7/B
187M
-11
B30
1/B
301M
-08
B37
0-09
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r hex
agon
al, o
ctag
onal
, rec
tang
ular
, rou
ndan
d sq
uare
bra
ss w
ire o
f UN
S A
lloy
C21
000,
C22
000,
C22
600,
C23
000,
C24
000,
C26
000,
C27
000
and
C27
400
Sea
mle
ss re
ctan
gula
r, ro
und
and
squa
re c
oppe
r allo
y tu
be in
stra
ight
leng
ths
in v
ario
us te
mpe
rs
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
5100
0, C
5210
0, C
5240
0,C
5340
0 an
d C
5440
0
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
3140
0, C
3160
0 an
dC
3200
0 us
ed fo
r scr
ew m
achi
ne a
pplic
atio
ns
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
6130
0, C
6140
0, C
6190
0,C
6230
0, C
6240
0, C
6300
0, C
6302
0, C
6320
0, C
6420
0, a
nd C
6421
0
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
7060
0, C
7062
0, C
7150
0,C
7152
0, C
7450
0, C
7520
0, C
7570
0, C
7640
0, C
7700
0 an
d C
7920
0
Vario
us c
oppe
r allo
ys u
sed
to p
rodu
ce s
heet
, stri
p, p
late
and
rolle
d ba
r
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
3650
0, C
4430
0, C
4440
0,C
4450
0, C
4640
0, C
4650
0, C
6130
0, C
6140
0, C
6300
0, C
6320
0,C
7060
0, C
7062
0, C
7150
0, C
7152
0 an
d C
7220
0
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r cop
per c
ondu
ctor
bar
s an
d sh
apes
for b
oth
elec
trica
l (bu
s) a
nd g
ener
al a
pplic
atio
ns
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
1450
0, C
1451
0, C
1452
0,C
1470
0 an
d C
1870
0 su
itabl
e fo
r hig
h-sp
eed
scre
w m
achi
new
ork
or fo
r gen
eral
app
licat
ions
Flatlengthsorcoilsofounce-weightthicknessforroofing,
flashing,gutters,dow
nspoutsandgeneralsheetmetal
wor
k in
bui
ldin
g co
nstru
ctio
n
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
StandardSpecificationforB
rassW
ire
StandardSpecificationforS
eamlessBrassTube
StandardSpecificationforP
hosphorB
ronzeRod,B
arand
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforC
opper-Zinc-Lead(RedBrassor
Har
dwar
e B
ronz
e) R
od, B
ar a
nd S
hape
s
StandardSpecificationforA
luminum
BronzeRod,B
arand
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforC
opper-Nickel-ZincAlloy
(Nic
kel S
ilver
) and
Cop
per-
Nic
kel R
od a
nd B
ar
StandardSpecificationforC
opperS
heet,S
trip,Plateand
Rol
led
Bar
StandardSpecificationforC
opper-AlloyPlateandSheetfor
Pre
ssur
e Ve
ssel
s, C
onde
nser
s an
d H
eat E
xcha
nger
s
StandardSpecificationforC
opper,BusBar,R
od,S
hapes
and
Gen
eral
Pur
pose
Rod
, Bar
and
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforF
ree-CuttingCopperR
od,B
ar,
Wire
and
Sha
pes
StandardSpecificationforC
opperS
heetandStripfor
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion
K-139
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)B
453/
B45
3M-0
8
B50
5/B
505M
-10
A19
3/A
193M
A19
4/A
194M
A30
7
A32
5
A32
5M
A35
4
A44
9
A49
0
A49
0M
A56
3
StandardSpecificationforC
opper-Zinc-LeadAlloy
(Lea
ded
Bra
ss) R
od, B
ar a
nd S
hape
s
StandardSpecificationforC
opperA
lloyContinuousCastings
StandardSpecificationforA
lloy-SteelandStainlessSteel
Bol
ting
Mat
eria
ls fo
r Hig
h-Te
mpe
ratu
re o
r Hig
h P
ress
ure
Ser
vice
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandAlloySteelNutsfor
Bol
ts fo
r Hig
h P
ress
ure
or H
igh-
Tem
pera
ture
Ser
vice
, or
Bot
h
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonSteelBoltsandStuds,
60,0
00 P
SI T
ensi
le S
treng
th
StandardSpecificationforS
tructuralBolts,S
teel,
Hea
t Tre
ated
, 120
/105
ksi
Min
imum
Ten
sile
Stre
ngth
StandardSpecificationforS
tructuralBolts,S
teel,H
eat
Trea
ted
830
MP
a M
inim
um T
ensi
le S
treng
th (M
etric
)
StandardSpecificationforQ
uenchedandTemperedAlloy
Ste
el B
olts
, Stu
ds a
nd o
ther
Ext
erna
lly T
hrea
ded
Fast
ener
s
StandardSpecificationforQ
uenchedandTempered
Ste
el B
olts
and
Stu
ds
StandardSpecificationforS
tructuralBolts,A
lloySteel,
Hea
t Tre
ated
, 150
ksi
Min
imum
Ten
sile
Stre
ngth
StandardSpecificationforH
igh-StrengthSteelBolts,
Cla
sses
10.
9 an
d 10
.9.3
for S
truct
ural
Ste
el J
oint
s (M
etric
)
StandardSpecificationforC
arbonandAlloySteelNuts
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Bra
ss, B
ronz
e,
and
Cop
per
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Fast
ener
s
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Cop
per A
lloys
UN
S C
3350
0, C
3400
0, C
3450
0,
C35
000,
C35
300
and
C35
600
Req
uire
men
ts fo
r con
tinuo
usly
cas
t rod
, bar
, tub
e an
d sh
apes
prod
uced
from
cop
per a
lloys
with
nom
inal
com
posi
tions
Bol
ts fo
r hig
h-te
mpe
ratu
re a
pplic
atio
ns
Nut
s fo
r hig
h-te
mpe
ratu
re a
pplic
atio
ns
Bol
ts a
nd a
ncho
r rod
s
Hig
h-S
treng
th B
olts
(not
anc
hor r
ods;
see
F15
54)
Met
ric H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Bol
ts
Bol
ts a
nd a
ncho
r rod
s
Bol
ts a
nd a
ncho
r rod
s
Hig
h-S
treng
th B
olts
(not
anc
hor r
ods;
see
F55
4)
Met
ric H
igh-
Stre
ngth
Bol
ts
Nut
s
K-140
Sum
mar
y of
com
mon
AST
M S
tand
ards
Sort
ed b
y Pr
oduc
t, Th
en A
STM
Sta
ndar
dA
STM
St
anda
rdTi
tlePr
oduc
tSc
ope
(Wha
t It C
over
s)F4
36
F959
F155
4
F185
2
A37
0
A43
5/A
435M
A57
8/A
578M
A67
3/A
673M
A77
0/A
770M
E94
E165
E709
E103
2
Was
hers
DTI
Was
hers
Anc
hor R
ods
Twis
t-off
type
tens
ion
cont
rol b
olts
in A
325
stre
ngth
leve
l
Mec
hani
cal t
estin
g of
ste
el
Ultr
ason
ic te
stin
g
Ultr
ason
ic te
stin
g
CV
N te
stin
g
Thro
ugh-
thic
knes
s te
nsio
n te
stin
g
Rad
iogr
aphi
c te
stin
g
Dye
-pen
etra
nt te
stin
g
Mag
netic
par
ticle
test
ing
Mag
netic
par
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StandardSpecificationforH
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ompressible-Washer-Type
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ield
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teel
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StandardSpecificationforS
traight-BeamUltrasonic
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min
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late
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StandardSpecificationforS
traight-BeamUltrasonic
Exa
min
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led
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late
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r Spe
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licat
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StandardSpecificationforS
amplingProcedurefor
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estin
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Stru
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teel
StandardSpecificationforT
hrough-ThicknessTension
Test
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teel
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peci
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K-141
Sum
mar
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com
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AST
M S
tand
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Sort
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27M
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8/A
148M
A15
3/A
153M
A66
8/A
668M
A78
0/A
780M
B69
5
StandardSpecificationforS
teelCastings,C
arbon,
for G
ener
al A
pplic
atio
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StandardSpecificationforZ
inc(Hot-Dipped
Gal
vani
zed)
Coa
tings
on
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and
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el P
rodu
cts
StandardSpecificationforS
teelCastings,H
ighStrength,
for S
truct
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pose
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StandardSpecificationforZ
incCoating(Hot-D
ip)
on Ir
on a
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teel
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dwar
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StandardSpecificationforS
teelForgings,CarbonandAlloy,
for G
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dust
rial U
se
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ract
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for R
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amag
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-Dip
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tings
StandardSpecificationforC
oatingsofZincMechanically
Dep
osite
d on
Iron
and
Ste
el
Mis
cella
neou
s
Mis
cella
neou
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cella
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Ste
el C
astin
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embe
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-Dip
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for H
ardw
are
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ndar
d re
quire
men
ts fo
r unt
reat
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nd h
eat-t
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arbo
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d al
loy
stee
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s fo
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indu
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Rep
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hot
-dip
gal
vani
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coat
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Mec
hani
cal G
alva
nizi
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K-142
Abrasion – The process of rubbing, grinding or wearing away by friction.
Abrasion Resistant – Sheet and plate suitable for applications where the gradual removal of a surface as a result of contact with another material causes wear. Contact may be by sliding of one metal over another, the grinding of hard particles between metal surfaces, the impact of heavy materials such as rock, or the impact of high velocity dust particles on a metal surface.
Acetylene Welding – Welding by using the acetylene torch for fusing a selected metal(weldingrod)insuchapositionastofillthespacewhereajunctionistobemade. See Welding.
Acid Lining – The inner bottom and lining of a melting furnace composed of materials having an acid reaction if in contact with a molten slag (sand, siliceous rock, or silica bricks).
Acid Steel – Steel melted in a furnace having an acid bottom and lining and under a slag with acid reaction. The term has no reference to the acidity of the steel.
Activation – The changing of the passive surface of a metal to a chemically ac-tive state. Contrast with passivation.
Aging – The spontaneous change in the properties of a metal usually associated with the recovery of metal from an unstable condition produced by quenching (quenchaging) or by cold working (strainaging). Age hardening and aging are terms commonly used synonymously. See also “Precipitation Hardening.”
Aircraft Quality – Denotes material for important or highly stressed parts of air-craft and for other similar purposes; such materials are of extremely high quality requiring closely controlled, restrictive and special practices in their manufacture.
Air Hardening (Air Quenching) – A hardening process wherein the steel, heat-ed to the hardening temperature and cooled in air. Unless steel is high in carbon or alloy, or both, it will not show much increase in hardness when air hardened.
AISI – Abbreviation for American Iron and Steel Institute.
Alclad – Composite sheet produced by bonding either corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy or aluminum of high purity to base metal or structurally stronger aluminum alloy.
Alloy – A material with metallic properties composed of two or more elements of which at least one is a metal.
Alloy Steel–Steelcontainingsignificantquantitiesofalloyingelements(otherthan carbon and the commonly accepted amounts of manganese, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus) added to effect changes in mechanical properties by heat treat-ment.
Alloying Elements – Chemical elements added for improving the properties of thefinishedproducts.Somealloyingelementsarenickel,chromium,manga-nese, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, copper.
Aluminizing – Forming an aluminum or aluminum alloy coating on a metal by hot dipping, hot spraying or diffusion.
Glossary of Terms
K-143
Glossary of TermsAnisotropy – The characteristic of exhibiting different values of a property in dif-ferentdirectionswithrespecttoafixedreferencesysteminthematerial.
Annealing – Annealing generally refers to the heating and controlled cooling of solidmaterialforthepurposeofremovingstresses,makingitsofter,refiningitsstructureorchangingitsductility,toughnessorotherproperties.Specificheattreatments covered by the term annealing include black annealing, blue anneal-ing, box annealing, bright annealing, full annealing, graphitizing, malleablizing and process annealing.
Arc Welding – Welding by an electrical arc formed between an electrode (carbon or metal) and the metal being welded, between two separate electrodes as in atomic hydrogen welding, or between separate pieces being welded as in flashwelding.
ASM – Abbreviation for American Society for Metals.
As Rolled – When bars are hot rolled and allowed to cool in the air, they are said to be in the “as rolled” or natural condition.
ASTM – Abbreviation for American Society for Testing and Materials.
Atomic-hydrogen welding – Arc welding with heat from an arc between two tungsten or other suitable electrodes in a hydrogen atmosphere. The use of pressureandfillermetalisoptional.
Attenuation–Thefractionaldecreaseoftheintensityofanenergyflux,includ-ing the reduction of intensity resulting from geometrical spreading, absorption and scattering.
Austempering – A patented heat treating process that consists of quenching an iron-base alloy from a temperature above the transformation range in a medium having a high rate of heat abstraction, and then maintaining the metal, until transformation is complete, at a substantially uniform temperature which is below that of pearlite formation and above that of martensite formation.
Austenite – A phase in steels which consists of the gamma form of iron with carbon in solid solution. Austenite is tough, nonmagnetic and tends to work-harden rapidly when cold worked in those steels which are austenitic at ordinary temperatures.
Austenitic Steel – Steel which has a stable austenitic structure at normal (room) temperatures.
Austenitizing – Forming austenite by heating ferrous alloy into the transforma-tion range (partial austenitizing) or above the transformation range (complete austenitizing).
Autofrettage – Prestressing a hollow metal cylinder by the use of momentary internal pressure exceeding the yield strength.
Bainite – A decomposition product of austenite consisting of an aggregate of ferrite and carbide. In general, it forms at temperatures lower than those where veryfinepearliteformsandhigherthanthatwheremartensitebeginstoformoncooling. Its appearance is feathery if formed in the upper part of the temperature range; acicular, resembling tempered martenisite, if formed in the lower part.
K-144
Banded Structure - A characteristic microstructure consisting of parallel bands of ferrite and pearlite which run in the direction of working.
Bands - The initial coil product produced by rolling a slab on a hot strip mill, gen-erally to thickness 1/2” and lighter It is usually further processed as follows: 1. Rerolled into cold rolled sheets. 2. Leveled and cut into plates (3/16” and over). 3.Leveledandcutintohotrolledflatsheets(lighterthan3/16”).
Bar (Hot Rolled) - The term “bar” includes round, square, hexagonal and other cross-sectional shapes, 1/4 inch (6.4mm) and greater, small standard shapes (angles,channels,tees)under3inches(76.2mm),flats6inches(152mm)andunderinwidthand1/4inch(5.2mm)andoverinthickness,andflatsover6inches (152mm) through 8 inches (200mm) in width, and .2300 inch (5.84mm) and over in thickness.
Bark - Decarburized skin found just beneath the scale.
Base Box - A unit of measure used in the tin plate industry corresponding to an area equal to 112 sheets of tin plate, each 14 x 20in., or 31,360 sq. in., or 217.78 sq. ft.
Basic Bottom or Lining - The inner lining and bottom of a melting furnace composed of materials having a basic reaction; these may be crushed burnt dolomite, magnesite, magnesite bricks, or basic slag.
Basic Oxygen Process - (BOP) Steelmaking method in which substantially pure oxygen is introduced to facilitate the melting process.
Basic Steel - Steel melted in a furnace with a basic bottom and lining and under a slag having a basic reaction. Most steel made in America is basic.
Bauxite - The principle ore of aluminum, present in nearly all earthly materials and unavoidably present in most slags. Also used in the manufacture of alumina refractories for withstanding extremely high temperatures.
Bearing Load - A compressive load supported by a member, usually a tube or collar, along a line where contact is made with a pin, rivet, axle or shaft.
Bearing Quality - Steels used for balls, rollers and races of anti-friction bearings. Great hardness and resistance to crushing are the chief requirements.
Bearing Strength - The maximum bearing load at failure divided by the effective bearing area. In a pinned or riveted joint, the effective area is calculated as the product of the diameter of the hole and the thickness of the bearing member.
Bend Radius - The inside radius of a bent section.
Bend Tests - Various tests used to determine the ductility of sheet or plate that is subjected to bending. These test may include determination of the minimum radius or diameter required to make a satisfactory bend and the number of repeated bends that the material can withstand without failure when it is bent throughagivenangleandoveradefiniteradius.
Glossary of Terms
K-145
Glossary of TermsBessemer Process - A process for making steel by blowing air through molten pig iron contained a refractory lined vessel so as to remove by oxidation most of the carbon, silicon and manganese.
Billet-Asemi-finishedrolledingotofrectangularcrosssectionornearlyso.Ingeneral the term “billet” is used when the cross section ranges from 4 up to 36 sq. in., the width always being less than twice the thickness. Small sizes are usually classed as bars or “small billets.” The term “bloom” is properly used when the cross section is greater than about 36 sq. in., though this distinction is not universally observed.
Black Annealing - A process of box annealing of sheets prior to tinning whereby a black oxide color is imparted to the surface of the product.
Blackplate - Cold reduced sheet steel ranging in width from over 12 in. to less than 32 in. and in gauge from 29 and lighter, in coils or cut lengths, and within theuniformClassificationofFlatRolledCarbonSteelProducts.
Blast Furnace - A shaft furnace supplied with air blast, usually hot, for producing pig iron by smelting iron ore. The furnace is continuous in operation, the raw ma-terials (iron ore, coke, and limestone) are charged at the top, and the molten pig iron and slag are collected at the bottom and are tapped out at intervals.
Blister - A defect in metal produced by gas bubbles either on the surface or formedbeneaththesurfacewhilethemetalishotorplastic.Veryfineblistersare called pinhead or pepper blisters.
Bloom - See “Billet.”
Blooming Mill - Mill used to reduce ingots to blooms, slabs, etc.
Blowhole-Aholeproducedduringthesolidificationofmetalbyevolvedgaswhich, in failing to escape, is held in the metal.
Blue Annealing - A process of annealing sheets after rolling. The sheets, if fairly heavy, are allowed to cool slowly after the hot rolling; if of lighter gauge, as is usually the case, they are passed singly through an open furnace for heating to the proper annealing temperature. As the name indicates, the sheets have a bluish-black appearance.
Blue Brittleness - Brittleness exhibited by some steels after being heated to some temperature within the range of 300 to 650oF, and more especially if the steel is worked at the elevated temperature. Killed steels are virtually free of this kind of brittleness.
Blued Plate - Blackplate with the surface oxidized at a suitable temperature by steam or air to product a blue color.
Blueing-Amethodofcoatingsheetswithathin,evenfilmofbluishblackoxide.The blued surface is obtained by exposure to an atmosphere of dry steam or air at a temperature of about 1000oF. Generally this is done during box annealing.
Box Annealing - Softening steel by heating, usually at a subcritical temperature, in a suitable closed metal box or pot to protect it from oxidation, employing a slow heating and cooling cycle; also called closed annealing or pot annealing.
K-146
Brazing - Joining metals by fusion of nonferrous alloys that have melting points above 800oF but lower than those of the metals being joined. This may be ac-complished by means of a torch (torch brazing), in a furnace (furnace brazing) or bydippinginamoltenfluxbath(diporfluxbrazing).Thefillermetalisordinarilyin rod form in torch brazing; whereas in furnace and dip brazing the work mate-rialisfirstassembledandthefillermetalmaythenbeappliedaswire,washers,clips, bands, or may be integrally bonded, as in brazing sheet.
Bright Annealing - An annealing process usually carried out in a controlled furnace atmosphere so that surface oxidation is reduced to a minimum and the surface remains relatively bright.
Brinell Hardness Test - This test consists of forcing a ball of standard diameter into the specimen being tested under standard pressure, and judging the hard-ness of the material by the amount of metal displaced.
British Thermal Unit - A unit of heat representing the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. Abbrevi-ated B.T.U. or Btu.
Brittle Fracture - Fracture with little or no plastic deformation.
Burning -Heatingsteeltoatemperaturesufficientlyclosetothemeltingpointtocause permanent injury. Such injury may be caused by the melting of the more fusible constituents, by the penetration of gases such as oxygen into the metal with consequent reactions, or perhaps by the segregation of elements already present in the metal.
Burnishing - Smoothing surfaces through frictional contact between the work and some hard pieces of material such as hardened metal balls.
Butt Welding - Joining two edge or ends by placing one against the other and welding them.
Calorizing - A process of converting the surface of steel articles into a corrosion-resistant alloy layer of aluminum and iron by surface absorption of aluminum from a mixture of aluminum and aluminum oxide powder at elevated tempera-tures.
Camber - In sheet or strip: the greatest deviation of a side from a straight line. Instructurals:thecurvaturefromtheplaneofaflangeinlengthofthesection,eitherlegofananglebeingtakenastheflange.(AlsoseeSweep).
Canning-Adisheddistortioninaflatornearlyflatsurface,sometimesreferredto as “oil canning”.
Capped Steel - Semikilled steel cast in a bottle-top mold and covered with a cap fittingintotheneckofthemold.Thecapcausesthetopmetaltosolidify.Pres-sure is built up in the sealed-in molten metal and results in a surface condition much like that of rimmed steel.
Carbides - As found in steel, carbides are compounds of carbon and one or more of the metallic elements, such as iron, chromium, tungsten, etc.
Carbon Free - Metals and alloys which are practically free from carbon.
Glossary of Terms
K-147
Glossary of TermsCarbo-Nitriding - A process of case hardening an iron-base alloy by the simulta-neous absorption of carbon and nitrogen through heating in a gaseous atmo-sphere of suitable composition, following by cooling at a rate than will produce desired properties.
Carbon Range-Insteelspecifications,thecarbonrangeisthedifferencebe-tween the minimum and maximum amount of carbon acceptable.
Carbon Steel - Steel whole major properties depend on its carbon content and in which other alloying elements are negligible.
Carburzing - Adding carbon to iron-base alloys by absorption through heating the metal at a temperature below its melting point in contact with carbonaceous materials. Such treatment followed by appropriate quenching hardens the sur-face of the metal. The oldest method of case hardening.
Carburizing Compound - Mixtures containing carbonaceous solids which will give up carbon to steel in the presence of heat. Gas rich in carbon is sometimes used in the carburizing process.
Case - The surface layer of an iron-base alloy which has been made substan-tially harder than the interior by the process of case hardening.
Case Hardening - Carburizing, nitriding, or cyaniding and subsequent harden-ing, by heat treatment, all or part of the surface portions of apiece of iron base alloy.
Cast Steel - Any object made by pouring molten steel into molds.
Casting Strains - Strains produced by internal stresses resulting from the cool-ing of a casting.
Cavitation - The formation and instantaneous collapse of innumerable tiny voids or cavities within a liquid subjected to rapid and intense pressure changes. Cavitation produced by ultrasonic radiation is sometimes used to give violent localizedagitation.Thatcausedbysevereturbulentflowoftenleadstocavitationdamage.
Cavitation Damage - Wearing away of metal through the formation and collapse of cavities in a liquid.
Cementite - A compound of iron and carbon, known chemically as iron carbide and having the approximate chemical formula Fe3C. It is characterized by an orthorhombic crystal structure. When it occurs as a phase in steel, the chemical composition will be altered by the presence of manganese and other carbide-forming elements.
Centrifugal Casting - A casting made by pouring metal into a mold that is ro-tated or revolved.
Ceramic Tools - Cutting tools made from fused, sintered or cemented metallic oxides.
Chamfer - (1) A beveled surface to eliminate an otherwise sharp corner. (2) A relieved angular cutting edge at a tooth corner.
K-148
Charpy Test - A test made to determine the notched toughness, or impact strength, of a material. The test gives the energy required to break a standard notched specimen supported at the two ends.
Check Analysis - Analysis of metal after it has been rolled or forged into semi-finishedorfinishedforms.
Chemical Analysis - Qualitative analysis consists of separating a substance into its component elements and identifying them. In quantitative analysis the propor-tion of all component elements are determined.
Chemical Composition - Different elements, or combinations of elements, helps determine the characteristics of steel and are generally referred to as a steel’s chemical composition or chemistry.
Chemical Milling - Removing metal stock by controlled selective chemical etch-ing.
Chemical Requirements - When specifying to chemical composition, base requirements should be based on the standard limits and ranges together with the standard permissible variation for check analysis and standard methods of sampling published by AISI for each product.
Chipping-Onemethodofremovingsurfacedefectssuchassmallfissuresorseams from partially worked metal. If not eliminated, the defects might carry throughtothefinishedmaterial.Ifthedefectsareremovedbymeansofagastorchtheterm“deseaming”or“scarfing”isused.
Chromadizing (Chromodizing, Chromatizing) - Forming an acid surface to improve pain adhesion on aluminum or aluminum alloys, mainly aircraft skins, by treatment with a solution of chromic acid.
Chromium - A hard, corrosion resistant metal widely used as an alloying ele-ments in steel and for plating steel products.
Chromizing - A surface treatment at elevated temperature, generally carried out in pack, vapor or salt bath, in which an alloy is formed by the inward diffusion of chromium into the base metal.
Clad Metal - A composite metal containing two or three layers that have been bonded toegher. The bonding may have been accomplished by corolling, weld-ing, casting, heavy chemical deposition or heavy electroplating.
Cleavage Plane - Crystals possess the property of breaking more readily in one or more directions than in others. The planes of easy rupture are called cleav-age planes.
Close Tolerance - Hot rolled material is classed as close tolerance when fur-nished to size tolerances more restrictive than standard - in no case closer than 1/2 the standard variation.
Coil Breaks - Creased or ridges across a metal sheet transverse to the direc-tion of coiling, occasionally occurring when the metal has been coiled hot and uncoiled cold.
Glossary of Terms
K-149
Glossary of TermsCoining - A method of cold forming or sizing metal by compression, often used forimpartingsmoothfinishandclosetolerances.
Cold Drawing - The process of pulling a hot rolled bar through a die of lesser size. Cold drawing gives the hot rolled bar a bright, clean, uniform surface and increases tensile and yield strength. Cold drawing also increases torsional strength,surfacehardness,wearresistanceandimpartssignificantimprovementin machinability. In some cases, cold drawn bars subsequently may be subject-ed to grinding and polishing operations.
Cold Finishing - Changing the shape of, or reducing the cross section of steel while cold - usually accomplished by rolling, drawing through a die or turning.
Cold Heading-Forcingcoldmetaltoflowintodiestoformthickersectionsandintricate shapes.
Cold Rolled Products - Flat rolled products for which the approximate required thickness has been obtained by rolling without heating at approximately room temperature.
Cold Rolling - See “Cold Finishing.”
Cold Short - A condition of brittleness existing in some metals at temperatures below the recrystalization temperature.
Cold Shut - An area in metal where two portions of the metal in either a molten or plastic conditions have come together but have failed to unite into an integral mass.
Cold Working - Permanent deformation of a metal below its recrystalization temperature which hardens the metal.
Columnar Structure - A coarse structure of parallel columns of grains, having the long axis perpendicular to the casting surface.
Combined Carbon - All of the carbon in iron or steel which is combined with iron or other elements to form carbide.
Commercial Quality (CQ) - Sheet of this quality is for uses involving simple bendingormoderatedrawing.CommercialQualitysheetcanbebentflatuponitself in any direction at room temperature.
Compressive Strength - Yield: Maximum stress that a compressed metal can withstandwithoutapredefinedamountofdeformation.Ultimate:Maximumstress a brittle metal can withstand without fracturing when subjected to com-pression.
Consumable Electrode Melting - An ingot of steel is remelted in a vacuum by makingtheingotserveasaconsumableelectrode.Purpose:torefinethesteel.The melted ingot collects in a water-cooled copper mold.
Continuous Casting - A casting technique in which an ingot, billet, tube or other shapeiscontinuouslysolidifiedwhileitisbeingpoured,sothatitslengthisnotdetermined by mold dimensions.
K-150
Continuous Mill - A mill in which several stands of rolls are arranged in tandem, usually so close together that the steel passes through several stands simultane-ously - for example: bar mills, strip mills, and some newer plate mills.
Controlled Cooling - Cooling from elevated temperature in a predetermined manner to avoid hardening, cracking or internal damage, or to produce a desired microstructure.Suchcoolingusuallyfollowsthefinalformingoperation.
Core - The center portion of a piece of steel which may be of different chemical composition than the outside, as in the case of carburized parts, or which may have different physical properties than the outside due to the failure of penetra-tion of heat treatment effect.
Corrosion Embrittlement - The severe loss of ductility of a metal resulting from corrosive attack, usually intergranular and often not visually apparent.
Corrosion Fatigue-Effectoftheapplicationofrepeatedorfluctuatingstressesin a corrosive environment characterized by shorter life than would be encoun-teredasaresultofeithertherepeatedorfluctuatingstressesaloneorthecor-rosive environment alone.
Corrosion Resistance - The ability of a metal to withstand attack in an environ-ment that is conducive to chemical or electrochemical reaction.
Covered Electrode -Afiller-metalelectrode,usedinarcwelding,consistingofametal core wire with a relatively thick covering which provides protection for the molten metal from the atmosphere, improves the properties of the weld metal and stabilizes the arc. The covering is usually mineral or metal powders mixed with cellulose or other binder.
Creep-Plasticdeformationorflowofmetalsheldforlongperiodoftimeatstresses lower than normal yield strength. Especially important if temperature of stressing is near recrystalization temperature of the metal.
Creep Limit-(1)Themaximumstressthatwillcauselessthanaspecifiedquantity of creep in a given time. (2) The maximum nominal stress under which the creep strain rate decreases continuously with time under constant load and at constant temperature. Sometimes used synonymously with creep strength. Creep Strength - The maximum stress which can be applied to steel at a speci-fiedtemperaturewithoutcausingmorethanaspecifiedpercentageincreaseinlengthinaspecifiedtime.
Creep Test - A number of samples, each loaded to a different stress, are placed in heating coils and held at a constant predetermined temperature. Tests are conducted for periods ranging from 1000-2000 hours during which time the samples stretch. The elongation is measured and recorded at regular intervals. The results show the amount of elongation which can be expected when the steel is subjected to a given stress and temperature within a given time.
Crevice Erosion - A type of concentration-cell corrosion; corrosion of a metal that is caused by the concentration of dissolved salts, metals ions, oxygen or oth-ergases,andsuch,increvicesorpocketsremotefromtheprincipalfluidstream,with a resultant building up of differential cells that ultimately cause deep pitting.
Glossary of Terms
K-151
Glossary of TermsCritical Cooling Rate-Theminimumrateofcontinuouscoolingjustsufficienttoprevent undesired transformations. For steel, the slowest rate at which it can be cooled from above the upper critical temperature to prevent the decomposition of austenite at any temperature above the M s.
Critical Points or Temperatures - The various temperatures at which transfor-mations occur in steel as it passes through its critical range - on either a rising or falling temperature (See Transformation Range.)
Critical Range - A temperature range in passing through which steel undergoes transformation. The preferred term is transformation range (q.v.)
Crop - The imperfect ends of a rolled of forged product which are removed and discarded.
Cross Rolling - The rolling of sheet so that the direction of rolling is changed about 90o from the direction of the previous rolling.
Crown - A contour on a sheet or roll where the thickness or diameter increases from edge to center.
Cryogenics - Working with materials in environments near absolute zero ( - 459.69o F).
Cup Fracture - A type of fracture - which looks like a cup having the exterior portion extended with the interior slightly depressed - produced in a tensile test specimen. Usually an indication of ductility.
Cutting Speed - The linear or peripheral speed of relative motion between the tool and workpiece in the principal direction of cutting.
Cyaniding - Surface hardening of an iron-base alloy article or portion of it by heating at suitable temperatures in contact with molten cyanide salt and then quenching.
DC (Direct Chill) Casting - A continuous method of making ingots or billets for sheet or extrusion by pouring the metal into a short mold. The base of the mold isaplatformthatisgraduallyloweredwhilethemetalsolidifies,thefrozenshellof metal acting as a retainer for the liquid metal below the wall of the mold. The ingot is usually cooled by the impingement of water directly on the mold or on the walls of the solid metal as it is lowered. The length of the ingot is limited by the depth to which the platform can be lowered; therefore, it is often called semicon-tinuous casting.
Decalescence - The absorption of heat, due to internal changes, which occurs when steel is heated through the critical temperature range.
Decarburization - Removal of carbon from the outer surface of iron or steel, usually by heating in an oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. Water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide are strong decarburizers. Reheating with adhering scale is also strongly decarburizing in action.
Deep Drawing -The process of cold working or drawing sheet or strip metal blanks by means of dies on a press into shapes which are usually more or less cup-like in character involving considerable plastic deformation of the metal. Deep-drawing quality sheet or strip steel, ordered or sold on the basis of suit-ability for deep-drawing.
K-152
Deep Etching-Etching,forexaminationatlowmagnification,byareagentthatattacks the metal to a much greater extent than is normal for microscopic exami-nation - may bring out such features as abnormal grain size segregation, cracks orgrainflow.
Dendrite - A crystal that has a tree-like branching pattern , being most evident in castmetalsslowlycooledthroughthesolidificationrange.
Deoxidizing - Removal of oxygen. In steel sheet, strip, and wire technology, the term refers to heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere, to lessen the amount of scale.
Deoxidation -Aprocessusedduringmeltingandrefiningofsteeltoremoveand / or chemically combine oxygen from the molten steel to prevent porosity in thesteelwhenitissolidified.
Deoxidized Sheets - Hot rolled sheets that have been bright annealed.
Depth of Penetration - The depth to which appreciable hardening occurs when steel is quenched from its hardening temperature.
Diamond Pyramid Hardness Test - An indentation hardness test employing a 136o diamond pyramid indenter and variable loads enabling the use of one hard-ness scale for all ranges of hardness form soft lead to tungsten carbide.
Differential Heating - Heating so that various portions of an article reach differ-ent temperatures to produce different properties upon cooling.
Distortion - A change in shape (usually refers to changes of shape caused by internal stress).
Double Vacuum Melting - Ingots made by the vacuum induction melting method arere-meltedandfurtherrefinedbytheconsumableelectrodemethod.
Drawing - Drawing may refer to the pulling of steel through a die, as in drawing wire, or deforming steel in dies on a press (deep drawing).
Drawing Back - Reheating after hardening to a temperature below the critical range for the purpose of improving the ductility and or lowering the hardness of the steel.
Drawing Quality (DQ) - As compared with sheet of Commercial Quality, Draw-ing Quality sheet has a greater degree of ductility and is more consistent in performance. The greater ductility and uniformity result from higher standards of production, selection, and processing of the steel .
Drawing Quality - Special Killed (DQSK) - When Drawing Quality will not pro-videasufficientdegreeofductilityforfabricationofpartsorapplicationsrequirethat the sheet be free from aging Drawing Quality - Special Killed steel should be used. This quality is made by special steelmaking and processing practices. Also sometimes known as deep drawing quality.
Drop Forging - A forging made with a drop hammer.
Drop Hammer - A forging hammer that depends on gravity for its force.
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Glossary of TermsDuctile Crack Propagation - Slow crack propagation that is accompanied by noticeable plastic deformation and requires energy to be supplied from outside the body.
Ductility - Ability of steel to undergo permanent changes in shape without frac-ture at room temperature.
Duralumin-Thetradenameappliedtothefirstaluminum-copper-magnesiumtype of age-hardenable alloy (17S), which contains nominally 4% Cu, ½ % Mg. The term is sometimes used to include the class of wrought aluminum-copper-magnesium alloys that harden during aging at room temperature.
Earing - Wavy projections formed at the opera end of a cup or shell in the course of deep drawing because of differences in directional properties. Also termed scallop.
Eccentricity of Tubing - Variation on wall thickness, when the wall is lighter on one side and heavier at a point of 180o away, resulting in the I.D. of the tube be-ing not concentric with the O.D.
Eddy-Current Testing - Nondestructive testing method in which eddy-curent flowisinducedinthetestobject.Changesintheflowcausedbyvariationsintheobjectarereflectedintoanearbycoilorcoilsforsubsequentanalysisbysuitableinstrumentation and techniques.
Edge Condition - Mill Edge: Normal edge produced in rolling, conforms to no definitecontour.ShearedEdge:Onecutafterrolling.SlitEdge:Producedwhenstrip or coil is slit into multiple widths.
Elastic Limit - Maximum stress that a material will stand before permanent deformation occurs.
Elongation - Increase in length which occurs before a metal is fractured, when subjected to stress. This is usually expressed as a percentage of the original length and is a measure of the ductility of the metal. Endurance Limit - Maximum alternating stress, which a given material will with-standforanindefinitenumberoftimes,withoutcausingfatiguefailure.
Erichsen Test - Similar to the Olsen Test. Readings are in millimeters.
Etching - In metallography, the process of revealing structural details by the preferential attack of reagents on a metal surface.
Etch Tests - Etching to detect inclusion in steel. A common test is dipping a sample into acid which reacts with the inclusion to disclose their presence.
Eutectoid Steel - Steel representing the eutectoid composition of the iron carbon system, with about 0.80% to 0.83% carbon, the eutectoid temperature being about 1333°F. Such steel in the annealed condition consists exclusively of pearlite. Steels with less than this quota of carbon are known as hypo-eutectoid and contain free ferrite in addition to the pearlite. When more carbon is present, the steel is known as hyper-eutectoid and contains free cementite. The presence of certain elements, such as nickel or chromium, lowers the eutectoid carbon content.
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Exfoliation - A type of corrosion that progresses approximately parallel to the outer surface of the metal, causing layers of the metal to be elevated by the formation of corrosion product. Extensometer - An apparatus for indicating the deformation of metal while it is subjected to stress.
Extrusion - Shaping metal into a chosen continuous form by forcing it through a die of appropriate shape.
Fatigue - A condition leading to the eventual fracture of a material due to con-stant or repeated stresses that exert less pressure than the tensile strength of the material.
Fatigue Life - The number of cycle of stress that can be sustained prior to failure for a stated test condition.
Fatigue Limit - See “Endurance Limit.”
Fatigue Strength -Themaximumstressthatcanbesustainedforaspecifiednumber of cycles without failure, the stress being completely reversed within each cycle unless otherwise stated.
Fatigue Test - Highly polished samples are subject to stress while bending, which results in a reversal of stress for every complete revolution. The stress is reduced on each succeeding sample until the maximum stress sample will sustainfortenmillionreversalshasbeenreached.Sinceexperiencejustifiestheassumption that if steel can withstand ten million reversals, it can withstand such stressindefinely.Thisstressisreportedasthefatiguelimit.
Ferrite - The room temperature form of alpha iron, one of the two major constitu-ents of steel (cementite) in which it acts as the solvent to form solid solutions with such elements as manganese, nickel, silicon and, to a small degree, carbon.
Ferrite Banding - Parallel bands of free ferrite aligned in the direction of work-ing. Sometime referred to as ferrite streaks.
Ferro Alloys - A metal product commonly used as a raw material feed in steel-making, to aid various stages of the steelmaking process such as deoxidation, desulfurization, and adding strength. Examples: ferrochrome, ferromanganese, and ferrosilicon.
Fiber-Acharacteristicofwroughtmetalmanifestedbyafibrousorwoodyap-pearanceoffracturesandindicatingdirectionalproperties.Fiberisduechieflyto the extension in the direction of working on the constituents of the metal, both metallic and non-metallic.
Fiber Stress - Unit stress at a certain point when overall section stress is not uniform.
Fin - Protuberances resulting from the improper squeezing of steel during rolling. Also see “Flash.”
Finish-Thesurfaceappearanceofsteelafterfinaltreatment.
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Glossary of TermsFinished Steel - Steel that is ready for the market without further work or treat-ment.Blooms,billets,slabs,sheet,bars,andwirerodsaretermedsemi-finished.
Finishing Temperature - The temperature at which hot working is completed.
Firebox Quality - Quality of plates for use in pressure vesselss which will be exposedtofireorheatandtheresultingthermalandmechanicalstresses.
Fish eyes - Areas on a fractured steel surface having a characteristic white crystalline appearance.
Flakes-Shortdiscontinuousinternalfissuresinferrousmetalsattributedtostresses produced by localized transformation and decreased solubility of hydrogenduringcoolingafterhotworking.Inafracturedsurface,flakesappearas bright silvery areas; on an etched surface they appear as short discontinuous cracks.Alsocalledshattercracksandsnowflakes.
Flame Annealing - A process of softening a metal by the application of heat from ahigh-temperatureflame.
Flame Cutting - Oxygen cutting in which the appropriate part of the material to becutisraisedtoignitiontemperaturebyanoxy-fuelgasflame.
Flame Hardening - A hardening process in which the surface is heated by direct flameimpingementandthenquenched
Flange Quality - Quality of plates for use in pressure vessels which are not exposedtofireorradiantheat.Specialmanufacturing,testandmarkingarerequired.
Flare Test - A test applied to tubing, involving a tapered expansion over a cone. Similar to pin expansion test.
Flash - (1) In forging, the excess metal forced between the upper and lower dies.(2)Inresistancebuttwelding,afinformedperpendiculartothedirectionofap-plied pressure.
Flash Point - Ignition point - usually applied to oils.
Flash Welding - A resistance butt welding process in which the weld is produced over the entire abutting surface by pressure and heat, the heat being produced by electric arc between the members being welded.
Flattening-Standardcommercialflatnessisobtainedbyrollerleveling.Thisconsists in passing sheets singly or in packs through a machine having a series of small diameter rolls.
Foil - Metal in sheet form less than 0.006 in. in thickness.
Forging - A piece of metal which has been shaped or formed, while hot, by forg-ing with a hammer (hand or power), in a press, or by a drop hammer.
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Forging Quality -Semi-finishedsteelproducedforapplicationsinvolvingforgingrequire manufacturing control for chemical composition, deoxidization mold prac-tice, pouring, rolling, discard, cooling surface preparation, testing and inspection. Purchaser’s method of fabrication and end use is a vital consideration in produc-ingsteeltothisbroaddefinition.
Forging Stresses - Stresses resulting from forging or from cooling from the forg-ing temperature.
Fractography - Descriptive treatment of fracture, especially in metals, with specifiedreferencetophotographsofthefracturesurface.Macrofractographyinvolvesphotographsatlowmagnification;microfractography,athighmagnifica-tion.
Fracture - The surface of a break in metal.
Fracture Test - Nicking and breaking a bar by means of sudden impact, to en-able macroscopic study of the fracture.
Free Machining - Pertains to the machining characteristics of an alloy to which one or more ingredients have been introduced to produce small broken chips, lowpowerconsumption,bettersurfacefinishorlongertoollife.
Fretting - (Fretting Corrosion) - Action that results in surface damage, especially in a corrosive environment, when there is relative motion between solid surfaces in contact under pressure.
Full Annealing - Heating the metal to about 100 (degrees) F. above the critical temperature range, followed by soaking at this point and slow cooling below the critical temperature. Full Hardness - Usually the hardness of heat treated steel after quenching and before tempering.
Galling - Developing a condition on the rubbing surface of one or both mating parts where excessive friction between high spots results in localized welding with substantial spalling and a further roughening of the surface.
Galvanic Corrosion - Accelerated corrosion of a metal because of an electrical contact with a more noble metal or nonmetallic conductor in a corrosive electro-lyte.
Galvanizing-Coatingsteelwithzincandtin(principallyzinc)forrustproofingpurposes. Formerly for the purpose of galvanizing, cut length steel sheets were passed singly through a bath of the molten metal. Today’s galvanizing processing method consists of uncoiling and passing the continuous length of successive coils either through a molten bath of the metal termed Hot Dipped Galvanizing or by continuously zinc coating the uncoiled sheet electrolytically- termed Electro-Galvanizing.
Galvannealing - Applying an extra tight coat of zinc to a soft steel sheet, then passing through an oven at about 1200o F. gives a dull gray unspangled coat well suited for painting.
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Glossary of TermsGas Cutting - Refers to a procedure used for cutting when maximum shearing limitations for thickness and chemical compositions are exceeded. Also known asflamecutorspecialcutedgeplates.
Grain Growth - An increase in the average size of the grains in polycrystalline metal or alloy, usually a result of heating at elevated temperature.
Grain Refinement - Reducing the crystalline or grain structure by heat treating, or by a combination of heat treating and mechanical working.
Grain Size - Average diameter of grains in the metal under consideration, or alternatively, the number of grains per unit area. Since increase in grain size is paralleled by lower ductility and impact resistance, the question of general grain sizeisofgreatsignificance.Theadditionofcertainmetalsaffectsgrainsize,forexamplevanadiumandaluminumtentogivesteelafinegrain.TheASTMhas set up a grain size standard for steels, and the McQuaid-Ehn Test has been developed as a method of measurement.
Grain Structure - The type of crystalline structure as observed by eye or under the microscope.
Granular Fracture - A type of irregular surface produced when metal fractures, characterized by a rough, grain like appearance as differentiated from a smooth silky,orfibrous,type.Itcanbesubclassifiedintotrans-granularandinter-gran-ular forms.. This type of fracture is frequently called crystalline fracture, but the implication that the metal has crystallized is completely misleading.
Graphitizing - Annealing gray cast iron so that most of the carbon is transformed to the graphitic condition. Controlled by increasing silicon and by thermal treat-ment.
Gray Cast Iron - A cast iron that gives a gray fracture due to the presence of flakegraphite.Oftencalledgrayiron.
Grinding and Polishing-Coldfinishingoperationsthatmaybeappliedtocolddrawnorturnedbars.Thebarsarefirstgroundtoclosetoleranceincenter-less grinders and kept very straight during the operation. They are then saw cut on both ends to give a square, true cut, and burnished to a brilliant, bright finish.Theresultsarebarswithextremelyclosesizetolerance,ahighdegreeofstraightnessandasuperiorfinish.Grindingandpolishingmaybeprecededby either a cold drawing or turning operation. The mechanical properties remain comparable to those of the original hot rolled bar except when preceded by cold drawing.
Grinding Cracks - Shallow cracks formed in the surface of relatively hard mate-rials because of excessive grinding heat or the high sensitivity of the material.
Gun Drill-Adrill,usuallywithoneormoreflutesandwithcoolantpassagesthrough the drill body, used for deep hole drilling.
Half Rounds - Bars having a cross section that is a half circle.
Hammer Forging - Forging in which the work is deformed by repeated blows. Compare with press forging.
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Hard Chromium - Chromium deposited for engineering purposes, such as increasing the wear resistance of sliding metal surfaces, rather than as a decora-tive coating. It is usually applied directly to basis metal and is customarily thicker than a decorative deposit.
Hardenability - The ability of a metal, usually steel, to harden in depth as distin-guished from the terms “hardness.”
Hardening - (As applied to heat treatment of steel.) Heating and quenching to produce increased hardness.
Hardness - Ability of material to resist penetration.
Heat-Affected Zone - That portion of the base metal which was not melted dur-ing brazing, cutting or welding, but whose microstructure and physical properties were altered by the heat.
Heat (of steel)-Abatchofrefinedsteel.Abasicoxygenorelectricfurnacefullofsteel. One heat of steel will be used to cast several slabs, blooms or billets.
Heat Resisting Steels - Those steels which are used for service at relatively high temperatures because they retain much of their strength and resist oxida-tion under such condition.
Heat Tinting - Coloration of a metal surface through oxidation by heating to reveal details of structure.
Heat Treatment - An operation or combination of operations involving the heat-ing and cooling of steels in the solid state for the purpose of obtaining certain desirable mechanical, microstructural or corrosion-resisting properties.
High Draw - A drawing temperature not very much below the Ac 1 point of the steel - used to develop high ductility when tempering steel after the quench.
High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA)-Aspecificgroupofsteelsinwhichthestrength levels are achieved by the addition of moderate amounts of alloying ele-ments. The most common are columbium, vanadium or titanium.
Homogenizing - Holding at high temperature to eliminate or decrease chemical segregation by diffusion.
Honing - Removing stock generally on the internal cylindrical surface of a work- piece with an abrasive stick mounted in a holder.
Hot Forming - Working operations such as bending and drawing sheet and plate, forging, pressing, and heading, performed on metal heated to tempera-tures above room temperature.
Hot Rolled - This term describes steel products that are brought to approximate finishedsizebyrollingatelevatedtemperatures.
HRAR (Hot Rolled as Rolled) - A description of steel products that are rolled to finishedthicknessandnotsubsequentlyheattreated.
Hot Shortness - Brittleness in metal, at an elevated temperature.
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Glossary of TermsHot Top - (1) A reservoir, thermally insulated or heated, to hold molten metal on top of a mold to feed the ingot or casting as it contracts on solidifying to avoid having “pipe” or voids.
Hot Working-Plasticdeformationofmetalatatemperaturesufficientlyhighnotto create strain hardening. The lower limit of temperature for this process is the re-crystallization temperature.
H-Steels - Steels produced to end quench hardenability limits.
Hydrogen Embrittlement - (1) Brittleness of metal, resulting from the occlusion of hydrogen (usually as a by-product of pickling or by co-deposition in electro-plating). (2) A condition of low ductility resulting from hydrogen absorption and internal pressure developed subsequently. Electrolytic copper exhibits similar results when exposed to reducing atmosphere at elevated temperature.
Immersed Scanning - In ultrasonics, a planned, systematic movement of the beam relative to the object being inspected, the search unit being coupled to this object through a column of liquid. In most cases the object and the search unit are submerged in water.
Impact Energy (Impact Value) - The amount of energy required to fracture a material, usually measured by means of an Izod or Charpy test. The type of specimen and testing conditions affect the values and therefore should be speci-fied.
Impact Test - Test designed to determine the resistance of metal to breakage by impact, usually by concentrating the applied stress to a notched specimen.
Impact Values - Resistance to shock and ability to distribute localized stress as measured by impact test - usually expressed in foot-pounds.
Inclusion - A nonmetallic material in a solid metallic material. Slag or other foreign matter entrapped during welding. The defect is usually more irregular in shape than a gas pore.
Induction Hardening - A process of hardening a ferrous alloy by heating it above the transformation range by means of electrical induction, and then cool-ing as required. Quench hardening in which the heat is generated by electrical induction.
Inert-Gas Shielded-Arc Welding - Arc welding in an inert gas such as argon or helium.
Ingot -Aformofsemi-finishedsteel.Liquidsteelisteemed(poured)intomolds,whereitslowlysolidifies.Oncethesteelissolid,themoldisstripped,andthe25-to 30-ton ingots are then ready for subsequent rolling or forging.
Ingot Iron - Commercially pure open-hearth iron.
Intergranular Corrosion - Electrochemical corrosion along the grain boundar-ies of an alloy, usually caused because the boundary regions contain material anodic to the center of the grain.
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Interrupted Quenching - Quenching in which the metal object being quenched is removed from the quenching medium while the object is at a temperature substantially higher than that of the quenching medium Investment Casting - (1) Casting metal into a mold produced by surround-ing (investing) an expendable pattern with a refractory slurry that sets at room temperature after which the wax, plastic, or frozen mercury pattern is removed through the use of heat. Also called precision casting, or lost-wax process.(2) A casting made by the process.
Iron - (Chemical symbol Fe.) Element No. 26 of the periodic system; Atomic weight 55.85. A magnetic silver white metal of high tensile strength, ductile and malleable. Melting point of pure iron is about 2795 (degrees) F. Chemically iron ischieflybaseforming.Theprincipalformsofcommercialironaresteel,castironand wrought iron.
Isothermal Transformation - A change in phase at any constant temperature.
Izod Test - A pendulum type of single-blow impact test in which the specimen, usuallynotched,isfixedatoneendandbrokenbyafallingpendulum.Theenergy absorbed, as measured by the subsequent rise of the pendulum, is a measure of impact strength or notch toughness.
Jominy End-Quench Test - This is a hardenability test in which a steel sample is heated to its proper quenching temperature and subjected to a spray of water at one end, a quenching method which provides a very rapid rate of cooling at the end sprayed, with progressively slower cooling all the way up to the other end.
Kerf - That part of the material lost through processing. The amount will vary, depending on the type and thickness of material, and the process used.
Killed Steel - Steel deoxidized with a strong deoxidizing agent, such as silicon or aluminium, to reduce the oxygen content to such a level that no reaction oc-cursbetweencarbonandoxygenduringsolidification.Thetermkilledindicatesthatthesteelhasbeensufficientlydeoxidizedtoquietthemoltenmetalwhenpoured into the ingot mold. The general practice is to use aluminum ferrosilicon or manganese as deoxidizing agents. A properly killed steel is more uniform as to analysis and is comparatively free from aging. However, for the same carbon and manganese content Killed Steel is harder than Rimmed Steel. In general all steels above 0.25% carbon are killed, also all forging grades, structural steels from 0.15% to 0.25% carbon and some special steels in the low carbon range. Most steels below 0.15% carbon are rimmed steel.
Kip - A unit of load equalling 1000 pounds or 453.59 kilograms.
Ladle Analysis - A term applied to the chemical analysis representative of a heat of steel as reported by the producer. It is determined by analyzing a test ingot sample obtained during the pouring of the steel from a ladle.
Lamination - An abnormal structure resulting in a separation or weakness aligned generally parallel to the worked surface of the metal.
Lap - A surface defect, appearing as a seam, caused by fording over hot metal, fins,orsharpcornersandthenrollingorforgingthemintothesurface,butnotwelding them.
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Glossary of TermsLeveling - A mechanical process in which the strip is stretched beyond its yield pointbybendingoversmalldiameterrolls.Thepurposeistoimprovetheflat-ness of characteristics of the strip. Flattening rolled metal sheet or strip.
Light Metals-Metalandalloysthathavealowspecificgravity,suchasberyl-lium, magnesium and aluminum.
Lock Forming Quality (LFQ) - Galvanized steel sheet of this quality is intended primarily for use in fabrication where it is to be subjected to machine lock form-ing.
Long Ternes - Flat rolled steel in sheet sizes coated with a mixture of lead and tin. Coating usually contains 80% to 85% lead and 15% to 20% tin.
Longitudinal Direction-Theprincipaldirectionofflowinaworkedmetal.
Low-Hydrogen Electrode - A covered arc-welding electrode that provides an atmosphere around the arc and molten weld metal which is low in hydrogen.
Lubricity - Slipperiness. The ability of steel sheet to slide in a forming die.
Machinability - The relative ease of machining a metal.
Machinability Index - A relative measure of the machinability of an engineering materialunderspecifiedstandardconditions.
Machine Straightening - Straightening metal bars by rolling in a straightening machine.
Machining - Refers to performing multiple processes to a piece of metal to pro-duceacustomerspecifiedcomponentpart.
Macroetch Test - Consists of immersing a carefully prepared section of the steel in hot acid and of examining the etched surface to evaluate the soundness and homogeneity of the product being tested.
Macrostructure - The structure of metal as revealed by macroscopic examina-tion.
Magnaflux Test - A method of detecting cracks, laps, and other defects by mag-netizingthesteelandapplyingfinemagneticparticles(dryorsuspendedinsolu-tion). Presence of a surface or subsurface defect is indicted by a particle pattern.
Magnetic-Analysis Inspection - A nondestructive method of inspection for de-termining the existence and extent of possible defects in ferromagnetic materials. Finely divided magnetic particles, applied to the magnetized part, are attracted to andoutlinethepatternofanymagneticleakagefieldscreatedbydiscontinuities.
Malleability - The property that determines the ease of deforming a metal when the metal is subjected to rolling or hammering. The more malleable metals can be hammered or rolled into thin sheet more easily than others.
Malleabilizing - A process of annealing white cast iron in such a way that the combined carbon is wholly or partly transformed to graphitic or free carbon or, in some instances, part of the carbon is removed completely.
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Maraging Steels - A group of high nickel martensitic steels developed by the International Nickel Co. Their high strength and ductility evolve primarily from the aging of a martensitic matrix.
Martempering - (1) A hardening procedure in which an austenitized ferrous material is quenched into an appropriate medium at a temperature just above the Martensite temperature of the material, held in the medium until the temperature is uniform throughout - but not long enough for bainite to form - and then cooled in air. The treatment is frequently followed by tempering. (2) When the process is applied to carburized material, the controlling Ms temperature is that of the case. This variation of the process is frequently called marquenching.
Martensite - A metalstable transition phase with a body-centered-tetragonal crystal structure formed by diffusionless transformation of austenite generally during cooling between the Ms and Mf temperatures.A distinctive needle like structure as a transition stage in the transformation of austenite. It is the hardest constituent of steel of eutectoid composition. It is pro-duced by rapid cooling from quenching temperature and is the chief constituent of hardened carbon tool steels. Martensite is magnetic.
Matrix - The ground mass or principal substance in which a constituent is em-bedded.
McQuaid-Ehn Test - A test for revealing grain size of steel by heating above crit-ical range in a carbonaceous medium. This causes grains to be outlined sharply when polished, etched and viewed under a microscope. Grain sizes range from No.8(finest)toNo.1(coarsest).
Mean Dimension - The average of minimum and maximum mill tolerances; gen-erally used in connection with tubing on O.D., I.D. or wall dimension.
Mechanical Properties - Those properties of a material that reveal the elas-tic and inelastic reaction when force is applied, or that involve the relationship between stress and strain; for example, the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and fatigue limit. These properties have often been designated as physical prop-erties, but the term mechanical properties is much to be preferred. The mechani-cal properties of steel are dependent on its microstructure.
Merchant Bar - A group of commodity steel shapes that consist of rounds, squares,flats,strips,angles,andchannels,whichfabricators,steelservicecen-ters and manufacturers cut, bend and shape into products. Merchant products require more specialized processing than reinforcing bar.
Microscopic - Extremely small - not large enough to be seen with the naked eye.
Microstructure - The structure of a prepared surface of a metal as revealed by a microscopeatamagnificationgreaterthantendiameters.
Mill Edge - The edge of strip, sheet or plate in the as rolled state. Unsheared.
Mill Finish-Asurfacefinishproducedonsheetandplate.Characteristicofthegroundfinishusedontherollsinfabrication.
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Glossary of TermsModulus of Elasticity - A measure of the rigidity of metal. Ratio of stress, within proportionallimit,tocorrespondingstrain.Specifically,themodulusobtainedin tension or compression is Young’s modulus, stretch modulus or modulus of extensibility; the modulus obtained in torsion or shear is modulus of rigidity, shear modulus or modulus of torsion; the modulus covering the ratio of the mean normal stress to the change in volume per unit volume is the bulk modulus. The tangent modulus and secant modulus are not restricted within the proportional limit;theformeristheslopeofthestress-straincurveataspecifiedpoint;thelatteristheslopeofalinefromtheorigintoaspecifiedpointonthestress-straincurve.Alsocalledelasticmodulusandcoefficientofelasticity.
Network Structure - A structure in which the crystals of one constituent are sur-rounded by envelopes of another constituent which gives a network appearance to an etched test specimen.
Nickel Steel - Steel containing nickel as an alloying element. Varying amounts are added to increase the strength in the normalized condition to enable harden-ing to be performed in oil or air instead of water.
Nitriding - Introducing nitrogen into a solid ferrous alloy by holding at a suitable temperature (below Ac1 for ferritic steels) in contact with a nitrogenous material, usually ammonia of molten cyanide of appropriate composition. Quenching is not required to produce a hard case. Process of surface hardening certain types of steel by heating in ammonia gas at about 935-1000 (degrees) F., the increase in hardness being the result of surface nitride formation. Certain alloying con-stituents, principal among them being aluminum, greatly facilitate the hardening reaction. In general, the depth of the case is less than with carburizing.
Nominal Dimension-OD,ID,orwallthicknessoftubingspecifiedbybuyer,regardless of how the tolerances are expressed.
Normalizing - A heat treatment applied to steel, Involves heating above the criti-calrangefollowedbycoolinginstillair.Isperformedtorefinethecrystalstruc-ture and eliminate internal stress.
Notch Brittleness - A measure of the susceptibility of a material to brittle fracture at locations of stress concentration. For example, in a notch tensile test a mate-rial is said to be notch brittle if its notch strength is less than its tensile strength; otherwise, it is said to be notch ductile.
Notch (Impact) Toughness - An indication of a steel’s capacity to absorb energy when a stress concentrator or notch is present. Examples are Charpy V-Notch, dynamic tear, drop-weight and drop-weight tear tests.
Oil Quench - A quench from the hardening temperature, in which oil is the cool-ing medium.
Oiled-Applicationofasuitableoiltoflatrolledsteeltoretardrusting.Whensurface is a consideration, it is also desirable in reducing friction scratches that may develop in transit. The oil coating is not intended to serve as a lubricant for subsequent fabrication.
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Olsen Test - A method of measuring the ductility and drawing properties of strip or sheet metal which involves determination of the width and depth of impres-sion. The test simulating a deep drawing operation is made by a standard steel ball under pressure, continuing until the cup formed from the metal sample fractures. Readings are in thousandths of an inch. This test is sometimes used to detectstretcherstrainingandindicatesthesurfacefinishafterdrawing,similartothe Erichsen ductility test.
Open Hearth Furnace-Abroad,shallowhearthtorefinepigironandscrapintosteel.Heatissuppliedfromalarge,luminousflameoverthesurface,andtherefiningtakesseventoninehours.OpenHearths,atonetimethemostabundantsteelmaking furnaces among integrated companies, have been replaced by the basic oxygen furnace.
Orange Peel - A surface roughening (defect) encountered in forming products frommetalstockthathasacoarsegrainsize.Itisduetounevenflowortotheappearance of the overly large grains usually the result of annealing at too high a temperature. Also referred to as “pebbles” and “alligator skin.”
Out-of-Round - The difference between maximum and minimum diameters of a bar measured at the same cross section.
Out-of-Square - The difference between two dimensions of a square bar, each dimension being the distance between opposite sides and both measured at the same cross section. May also apply to the difference in diagonal measurements of plate or sheet products.
Overaging - Aging under conditions of time and temperature greater than those required to obtain maximum change in a certain property, so that the property is altered in the direction of the initial value See Aging.
Overheating - Heating a metal or alloy to such a high temperature that its prop-erties are impaired. When the original properties cannot be restored by further heat treating, by mechanical working, or by combination of working and heat treating, the overheating is known as burning.
Oxygen-Free Copper - Electrolytic copper free from cuprous oxide, produced without the use of residual metallic or metalloidal deoxidizers.
Pack Rolling - Rolling two or more pieces of thin sheet at the same time, a method usually practiced in rolling sheet into thin foil.
Pancake Forging - A rough forged shape which may be obtained quickly with a minimum of tooling. It usually requires considerable machining to attain the finishsize.
Passivation - Generally refers to a process for the surface treatment of stainless steels. Material is subjected to the action of an oxidizing solution, usually nitric acid,whichaugmentsandstrengthensthenormalprotectiveoxidefilmenablingthe material to resist corrosive attack. The passivating process also removes foreign substances from the surface which might cause local corrosion.
Patenting - A heat treatment applied to medium and high-carbon steel prior to cold drawing to wire. The treatment involves austenitization followed by isother-maltransformationatatemperaturethatproducesamicrostructureofveryfinepearlite.The metal is gradually heated to about 1830 (degrees) F., with subse-quent cooling, usually in air, in a bath of molten lead, or in a fused salt mixture held between 800 (degrees) F. and 1050 (degrees) F.
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Glossary of TermsPearlite - A eutectoid transformation product of ferrite and cementite that ideally has a lamellar structure but that is always degenerate to some extent.Lamellar structure resembling mother of pearl. A compound of iron and carbon occurring in steel as a result of the transformation of austenite into aggregations of ferrite and iron carbide.
Peening - Mechanical working of metal by hammer blows or shot impingement.
Penetrant Inspection - A method of non-destructive testing for determining the existence and extent of discontinuities that are open to the surface in the part being inspected. The indications are made visible through the use of a dye or fluorescentchemicalintheliquidemployedastheinspectionmedium.
Permanent Set - Non-elastic or plastic, deformation of metal under stress, after passing the elastic limit.
Phosphorus Banding - A visible band occurring in metals caused by localized phosphide segregations.
Photomicrograph-Aphotographicreproductionofanyobjectmagnifiedmorethan ten diameters. The term micrograph may be used.
Physical Properties - Those properties familiarly discussed in physics, exclu-sive of those described under mechanical properties; for example, density, elec-tricalconductivity,co-efficientofthermalexpansion.Thistermoftenhasbeenused to describe mechanical properties, but this usage is not recommended.
Pickling - Immersion of steel in a dilute solution of acid for the purpose of remov-ing the scale.
Piercing - Process of spinning and rolling a billet over a mandrel in such a way that a hole is opened in the center. Pig Iron - The name for the melted iron produced in a blast furnace, containing a large quantity of carbon (above 1.5%). Named long ago when molten iron was pouredthroughatrenchinthegroundtoflowintoshallowearthenholes,thearrangement looked like newborn pigs suckling. The central channel became known as the “sow,” and the molds were “pigs.”
Pin Expansion Test - A test for determining the ability of tubes to be expanded or for revealing the presence of cracks or other longitudinal weaknesses, made by forcing a tapered pin into the open end of a tube.
Pipe (Imperfection) - The center void in wrought products resulting from the centralcavityformedbycontractioninmetal,especiallyingots,duringsolidifica-tion.
Pit - A sharp depression in the surface of the metal.
Planishing -Producingasmoothsurfacefinishonmetalbyrapidsuccessionof blows delivered by highly polished dies or by a hammer designed for the pur-pose, or by rolling in a planishing mill.
Plate - Sheet steel with a width of more than eight inches, with a thickness rang-ing from one quarter of an inch to more than one foot (see Sheet Steel).
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Porosity - A group of gas pores.
Postheating - Heating weldments immediately after welding, for tempering, for stress relieving, or for providing a controlled rate of cooling to prevent formation of a hard or brittle structure.
Precipitation Hardening (PH) - Hardening caused by the precipitation of a constituent form a supersaturated solid solution. A small group of stainless steels with high chromium and nickel content, with the most common types having characteristics close to those of martensitic (plain chromium stainless class with exceptional strength) steels. Heat treatment provides this class with its very high strength and hardness. Applications for PH stainless steels include shafts for pumps and valves as well as aircraft parts.
Preheating - Heating before some further thermal or mechanical treatment. For tool steel, heating to an intermediate temperature immediately before austenitiz-ing. For some nonferrous alloys, heating to a high temperature for a long time, in order to homogenize the structure before working.
Press Forging - Forging metal, usually hot, between dies in a press.
Pressure Vessel Quality - Sheets and plate suitable for applications in pressure vessels and similar purposes. Pressure vessel requirements replace the previ-ouslyusedflangeandfireboxqualities.
Primes - Metal products, such as sheet and plate, of the highest quality and free from visible surface defects.
Process Annealing - In the sheet and wire industries, a process by which a ferrous alloy is heated to a temperature close to, but below, the lower limit of the transformation range and is subsequently cooled. This process is applied in order to soften the alloy for further cold working.
Proof Stress-(1)Thestressthatwillcauseaspecifiedsmallpermanentsetinamaterial.(2)Aspecifiedstresstobeappliedtoamemberorstructuretoindicateits ability to withstand service loads.
Proportional Limit - The greatest stress that the material is capable of sustain-ing without a deviation from the law of proportionality of stress to strain.
Pulse-Echo Method - A nondestructive test in which pulses of energy are di-rectedontoapart,andthetimefortheechotoreturnfromoneormorereflectingsurfaces is measured.
Pyrometer - An instrument of various types used for measuring temperatures.
Quench & Temper - The steel is rapidly cooled from above its critical tempera-ture range (austenitizing) to a temperature far below this range. Water or oil is used to accelerate the cooling. In the as-quenched condition, the product is not suitable for more commercial applications because of its poor ductility and high hardness. The steel must, therefore, be tempered in order to soften it somewhere to improve its ductility and toughness and relieve internal stresses. Tempering is a reheating treatment done at temperatures usually in the range between 800oF and 1200oF.
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Glossary of TermsQuench Cracking - The development of fractures in the surface of steel parts as a result of heat treatment that involves rapid cooling.
Quench Hardening - Hardening a ferrous alloy by austenitizing and then cooling rapidly enough so that some or all of the austenite transforms to martensite. The austenitizing temperature for hypoeutectoid steels is usually above Ac3 and for hypereutectoid steels usually between Ac1 and Ac (cm).
Quenching - In the heat treating of metals, the step of cooling metals rapidly in order to obtain desired properties; most commonly accomplished by immersing the metal in oil or water. In the case of most copper base alloys, quenching has no effect other than to hasten cooling.
Quenching Medium - The medium used for cooling steel during heat treatment - usually oil, water, air, or salts.
Quenching Temperature - The temperature from which steel is quenched dur-ing a heat treating process.
Radiography - A nondestructive method of internal examination in which metal objects are exposed to a beam of X-ray or gamma radiation. Differences in thickness, density or absorption, caused by internal defects or inclusions, are apparentintheshadowimageeitheronafluorescentscreenoronphotographicfilmplacedbehindtheobject.
Random Lengths-Atermindicatingnospecifiedminimumormaximumlengthwith lengths falling within the range indicated.
Recalescence - The liberation of heat due to internal changes, which occurs when steel is cooled through the critical temperature range.
Re-crystallization - (1) The change from one crystal structure to another, as occurs on heating or cooling through a critical temperature. (2) The formation of a new, strain-free grain structure from that existing in cold worked metal, usually accomplished by heating.
Recrystallization Temperature - The approximate minimum temperature at whichcompleterecrystallizationofacoldworkedmetaloccurswithinaspecifiedtime.
Red Shortness - Brittleness in steel when it is red hot.
Reduction - Reducing thickness of sheet or strip by hot or cold rolling.
Reduction of Area - The difference between the original cross-sectional area of a tensile specimen and that of the smallest area at the point of rupture. It is usu-ally stated as a percentage of the original area; also called “contraction of area.”
Refinement of Structure-See“GrainRefinement.”
Refining Temperature - A temperature, usually just higher than the transforma-tionrange,employedintheheattreatmentofsteeltorefinethestructure--inparticular, the grain size.
Refractory Metal - A metal having an extremely high melting point. In the broad sense, it refers to metals having melting points above the range of iron, cobalt, and nickel.
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Regenerative Quenching - Quenching carburized parts from two different tem-peraturestorefinecaseandcore(Oftencalleddoublequenching).
Rephosphorizing (Steel) - A Ladle-chemical treatment consisting of the addition of phosphorus as a work hardening agent when temper rolling black plate or sheet steel resulting in greater hardness and stiffness and with a corresponding loss in ductility. . NOTE: Black Plate in tempers T5 and T6 (R/B range 68/84) are temper rolled from Rephosphorized steel.
Residual Stress - Macroscopic stresses that are set up within a metal as the re-sult of non-uniform plastic deformation. This deformation may be caused by cold working or by drastic gradients of temperature from quenching or welding.Stress remaining in a metal part or structure as a result of welding.
Resquaring - A method of shearing to meet closer-than-standard width, length, and out-of-square tolerances.
Resulfurized Steel - Steel to which sulfur has been added in controlled amounts afterrefining.Thesulfurisaddedtoimprovemachinability.
Rimmed Steel-Low-carbonsteelcontainingsufficientironoxidetoproducecontinuousevolutionofcarbonmonoxideduringingotsolidification,resultinginacase or rim of metal virtually free of voids.The rim is of somewhat purer com-position than the original metal poured. If the rimming action is stopped shortly after pouring of the ingot is completed, the metal is known as capped steel. Most steels below 0.15% carbon are rimmed steels. For the same carbon and manga-nese content rimmed steel is softer than killed steel.
RMS - A means of measuring surfaces roughness - Root Mean Square. A surface with a theoretical zero value has no surface deviations. As the value increases, the roughness increases.
Rockwell Hardness (Test) - A standard method for measuring the hardness of metals. The hardness is expressed as a number related to the depth of residual penetration of a steel ball or diamond cone (brale) after a minor load of 10 kilo-grams has been applied to hold the penetrator in position. This residual penetra-tion is automatically registered on a dial when the major load is removed from thepenetrator.Variousdialreadingscombinedwithdifferentmajorloads,fivescales designated by letters varying from A to H; the B and C scales are most commonly in use.
Roll Forming - (1) An operation used in forming sheet. Strips of sheet are passedbetweenrollsofdefinitesettingsthatbendthesheetprogressivelyintostructural members of various contours, sometimes called “molded sections.” (2) The process of coiling sheet into open cylinders.
Rolled Edge - The edge on a universal plate when rolled by both vertical and horizontal rolls. Edge shearing is not necessary.
Roller Leveler - A rolling device used for eliminating buckles and waves in steel sheetsandstripandforproducingsheetsofcommercialflatness.Therollerlevelerhassetsofrollsthatarestaggeredtoflexthesheetasitpassesbetweenthem. Besides its use in leveling, it has extensive application for minimizing or temporarily eliminating the tendency to develop stretcher strains.
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Glossary of TermsRoll Threading - Threading a a bold or screw by rolling it between two grooved die plates, one of which is in motion, or between grooved circular rolls.
Rough Machining-Machiningwithoutregardtofinish,usuallytobefollowedbya subsequent operation.
Rounds - Bars having a circular or round cross section.
SAE - Abbreviation for Society of Automotive Engineers. This organization has specifiedcommonandalloysteelsandcopperbasealloysinaccordancewithanumerical index system allowing approximation of the composition of the metal. The last two digits always indicate the carbon content, usually within 0.05%.
Scab - A blemish caused on a casting by eruption of gas from the mold face or by uneven mold surface or occurring where the skin from a blowhole has partly burned away and is not welded.
Scale - The oxide of iron that forms on the surface of steel after heating.
Scaling - Forming a thick layer of oxidation products on metals at high tempera-tures.
Scalped Extrusion Ingot - A cast, solid or hollow extrusion ingot which has been machined on the outside surface.
Scarfing - Cutting surface areas of metal objects, ordinarily by using a gas torch. The operation permits surface defects to be cut from ingots, billets, or the edges of plate that is to be beveled for butt welding.
Scleroscope Hardness Test - A method for measuring the hardness of metals; adiamond-pointedhammerdropsfromafixeddistancethroughatubeontothesmoothed metal surface and the rebound measured. The scleroscope hardness valueisempiricallytakenfromtherebounddistance,withspecifiedhigh-carbonsteel as 100.
Screw Stock - Metal in the form or a wire or rod, ordinarily a free-machining type, used for making screw machine products.
Seam - On the surface of metal a crack that has been closed but not welded; usually produced by some defect either in casting or in working, such as blow-holes that have become oxidized or folds and laps that have been formed during working. Similar to cold shut and laminations.
Secondary Hardening - Tempering certain alloy steels at certain temperatures so that the resulting hardness is greater than that obtained by tempering the same steel at some lower temperature for the same time.
Segregation - Non-uniform distribution of alloying elements, impurities or phas-es.Inanalloy,concentrationofalloyingelementsatspecificregions,usuallyasaresult of the primary crystallization of one phase with the subsequent concentra-tion of other elements in the remaining liquid.
Semi-finished Steel - Steel shapes—for example, blooms, billets or slabs—that laterarerolledintofinishedproductssuchasbeams,barsorsheet.
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Semikilled Steel-Steelthatisincompletelydeoxidizedandcontainssufficientdissolved oxygen to react with the carbon to form carbon monoxide and thus offsetsolidificationshrinkage.
Sendzimir Mill - A mill having two work rolls of 1 to 2-1/2 in. diam. each, backed up by two rolls twice that diameter and each of these backed up by bearings on a shaft mounted eccentrically so that rotating it increases the pressure between bearings and backup rolls.
Shear Strength - The stress required to produce fracture in the plane of a cross section, the conditions of loading being such that the directions of force and of resistanceareparallelandoppositealthoughtheirpathsareoffsetaspecifiedminimum amount.
Sheared Edge - These plates have an edge produced by shearing (or gas cut-ting when plates are too thick to shear). “Sheared plates” or “sheared mill plates” are trimmed on all four edges.
Sheet Steel -Thin,flat-rolledsteel.Coiledsheetsteelaccountsfornearlyone-half of all steel shipped domestically and is created in a hot-strip mill by roll-ingacastslabflatwhilemaintainingthesidedimensions.Themalleablesteellengthens to several hundred feet as it is squeezed by the rolling mill. The most common differences among steel bars, strip, plate, and sheet are merely their physical dimensions of width and gauge (thickness).
Shell Molding - Forming a mold from thermosetting resin-bonded sand mixtures brought in contact with preheated (300 to 500 degrees F) metal patterns, result-inginafirmshellwithacavitycorrespondingtotheoutlineofthepattern.Alsocalled “Croning process.”
Sherardizing - A cementation process used to give small steel articles, such as bolts, a corrosion resistant surface of zinc-rich alloy. The articles are packed with zinc dust in drums which are heated for several hours while slowly rotating.
Shielded-Arc Welding - Arc welding in which the arc and the weld metal are protected by a gaseous atmosphere, the products of decomposition of the elec-trodecovering,orablanketoffusibleflux.
Shortness - A form of brittleness in metal. It is designated as cold, hot, and red, to indicate the temperature range in which the brittleness occurs.
Siliconizing - Diffusing silicon into solid metal, usually steel, at an elevated temperature.
Silky Fracture-Asteelfracturethathasaverysmoothfinegrainorsilkyap-pearance.
Skelp - Steel that is the entry material to a pipe mill. It resembles hot-rolled strip, but its properties allow for the severe forming and welding operations required for pipe production.
Sketch Plates - Plates cut to shapes other than rectangular.
Skull -Alayerofsolidifiedmetalordrossonthewallsofapouringvesselafterthe metal has been poured.
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Glossary of TermsSlab-Themostcommontypeofsemi-finishedsteel.Traditionalslabsmeasure10 inches thick and 30-85 inches wide (and average about 20 feet long), while the output of the recently developed “thin slab” casters is approximately two inches thick. Subsequent to casting, slabs are sent to the hot-strip mill to be rolled into coiled sheet and plate products.
Slabbing Mill - A mill for rolling slabs from ingots.
Slack Quenching - The process of hardening steel by quenching from the austenitizing temperature at a rate slower than the critical cooling rate for the particular steel, resulting in incomplete hardening and the formation of one or more transformation products in addition to or instead of martensite.
Slag - The impurities in a molten pool of iron. Flux such as limestone may be added to foster the congregation of undesired elements into a slag. Because slag islighterthaniron,itwillfloatontopofthepool,whereitcanbeskimmed.
Slip Bands - A series of parallel lines running across a crystalline grain. Slip bands are formed when the elastic limit is passed by one layer or portion of the crystal slipping over another portion along a plane, known as the slip plane.
Slitting - Cutting a sheet of steel into narrower strips to match customer needs. Becausesteelmillshavelimitedflexibilityastothewidthsofthesheetthattheyproduce, service centers normally will cut the sheet for the customer.
Soaking - Prolonged heating of a metal at selected temperature.
Soldering - Joining metals by fusion of alloys that have relatively low melting points -- most commonly, lead-base or tin-base alloys, which are the soft solders. Hard solders are alloys that have silver, copper, or nickel bases and use of these alloys with melting points higher than 800 (degrees) F. is generally termed braz-ing.
Solidification Range - The temperature range through which metal freezes or solidifies.
Solid Solution - A solid crystalline phase containing two or more chemical spe-cies in concentrations that may vary between limits imposed by phase equilib-rium.
Solution Heat Treatment - A heat treatment in which an alloy is heated to a suitable temperature, held at that temperature long enough to cause one or more constituents to enter into solid solution, and then cooled rapidly enough to hold these constituents in solution.
Sonims - Sold non-metallic inclusions in metal.
Sorbite - Structure of steel, resulting from the tempering of martensite. In a truly sorbitic structure, the cementite is completely dispersed in the matrix. The trend istocallthisstructuretemperedmartensite.Itisafinemixtureofferriteandcementite produced either by regulating the rate of cooling of steel or tempering steelafterhardening.Thefirsttypeisveryfinepearlitedifficulttoresolveunderthe microscope; the second type is tempered martensite.
Spalling -Thecrackingandflakingofparticlesoutofasurface.
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Spangle - The spangle of a hot-dip coated sheet surface is the visual manifes-tationofthegrainsthatformwithinthecoatingwhenitsolidifiesasthesheetemerges from the pot of molten coating metal. The spangle or grain varies in size, brightness and surface relief, depending upon a number of factors, most of which are related to the composition of the coating and cooling practices. Special Killed Steels - Low-carbon aluminum-killed steels mainly used for extra deep drawing sheet and strip.
Special Quality - Produced for applications involving forging, heat treating, cold drawing, machining, etc. Special quality bars are furnished in standard, other thanstandard,orrestrictedchemicalgrades,ortomechanicalpropertyspecifica-tions. This quality is subject to variations in check analysis.
Special Straightness - Material furnished to closer-than-standard straightness tolerances as set forth in the AISI manual.
Specified Grain Size-Grainsizecanonlybespecifiedcoarse(1to5)orfine(5to 8) except in alloy steels which allow a more restrictive requirement. (Also see McQuid-Ehn Test).
Spherodizing - Heating and cooling to produce a spherical or globular form of carbide in steel.
Spiegel - High-manganese pig iron, containing 15-30% manganese, approxi-mately 5% carbon, and less than 1% silicon used in the manufacture of steel by the Bessemer, or basic open-hearth process.
Spot Welding-Weldingoflappedpartsinwhichfusionisconfinedtoarelativelysmall circular area. It is generally resistance welding, but may also be gas-shielded tungsten-arc, gas-shielded metal-arc, or submerged-arc welding. It is an electric-resistance welding process in which the fusion is limited to a small area. The pieces being welded are pressed together between a pair of water-cooled electrodes through which an electrical current is passed during a very short inter-val so that fusion occurs over a small area at the interface between the pieces.
Stabilizing Treatment - Any treatment intended to stabilize the structure of an alloy or the dimensions of a part. (1) Heating austenitic stainless steels that con-tain titanium, columbium, or tantalum to a suitable temperature below that of a full anneal in order to inactivate the maximum amount of carbon by precipitation as a carbide of titanium, columbium, or tantalum. (2) Transforming retained aus-tenite in parts made from tool steel. (3) Precipitating a constituent from a nonfer-rous solid solution to improve the workability, to decrease the tendency of certain alloys to age harden at room temperature, or to obtain dimensional stability.
Standard Gold - A legally adopted alloy for coinage of gold. In the United States the alloy contains 10% Cu.
Static Load - A load which is sustained without motion - such as weight hanging on a string.
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Glossary of TermsSteel - An iron-base alloy, malleable in some temperature range as initially cast, containing manganese, usually carbon, and often other alloying elements. In carbon steel and low-alloy steel, the maximum carbon is about 2.0%; in high-alloy steel, about 2.5%. The dividing line between low-alloy and high-alloy steels is generally regarded as being at about 5% metallic alloying elements. Steel is to be differentiated from two general classes of “irons”: the cast irons, on the high-carbon side, and the relatively pure irons such as ingot iron, carbonyl iron, and electrolytic iron, on the low-carbon side. In some steels containing extremely low carbon, the manganese content is the principal differentiating factor, steel usually containing at least 0.25%; ingot iron contains considerably less.
Step Down Test - A sample of steel is machined down to different diameters and inspected at different distances from the surface.
Sterling Silver - A silver alloy containing at least 95.2% Ag, the remainder being unspecifiedbutusuallycopper.
Strain - A measure of the change in the size or shape of a body, referred to its original size or shape. “Linear strain” is the change per unit length of a linear dimension. “True strain” (or “natural strain”) is the natural logarithm of the ratio of the length at the moment of observation to the original gauge length. “Conven-tional strain” is the linear strain referred to the original gauge length. “Shearing strain” (or “shear strain”) is the change in angle (expressed in radians) between two lines originally at right angles. When the term strain is used alone it usually refers to the linear strain in the direction of the applied stress.
Strain Hardening - An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures below the recrystallization range.
Strength Properties - They are related to the steel’s ability to resist applied forces. Strength properties are measured by the tension test. (Tensile strength, yield point, or yield strength).
Stress - Deforming force to which a body is subjected or the resistance which the body offers to deformation by the force.
Stress-Corrosion Cracking - Failure by cracking under the combined action of corrosion and stress, either external (applied) or internal (residual). Cracking may be either intergranular or transgranular, depending on the metal and the corrosive medium.
Stress Relieving - Heating to a suitable temperature, holding long enough to re-duce residual stresses and then cooling slowly enough to minimize the develop-ment of new residual stresses.
Stress-Rupture Test - A tension test performed at constant temperature, the load being held at such a level as to cause rupture. Also known as “creep-rupture test.”
Stretcher Flattening - A process for removing bow and warpage from sheet by applying a uniform tension between the ends so that the piece is elongate to a definiteamountofpermanentset.
Stretcher Leveled Standard-Astandardofflatnessassociatedwithsheet;morestringentthancommercialstandardofflatness;notnecessarilyobtainedbyperforming stretcher leveling operations.
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Stretcher Strains - Elongated markings that appear on the surface of some ma-terials when deformed just past the yield point. These markings lie approximately parallel to the direction of maximum shear stress and are the result of localized yielding. Same as Luders lines.
Structural Quality - Material suitable for load-bearing applications and typically represents the quality of steel produced under regular or normal manufacturing conditions.
Superalloy - An alloy developed for very high temperature service where rela-tively high stresses (tensile, thermal, vibratory, and shock) are encountered and where oxidation resistance is frequently required.
Superficial Rockwell Hardness Test - Form of Rockwell hardness test using relatively light loads which produce minimum penetration. Used for determin-ing surface hardness or hardness of thin sections or small parts, or where large hardness impression might be harmful.
Swaging -Shapingmetalbycausingittoflowinaswagebypressing,rollingorhammering (also called swedging).
Sweep - The greatest deviation of a structural shape from a straight line in the directionoflengthparallelwithitsweb.Inreferencetowideflange(W)shapes,standard (S) beams, miscellaneous (M) shapes, and channels (C, MC), sweep denotes the curvature from the plane of the web in the length of these shapes.
Tack Welds - Small scattered welds made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignmentwhilethefinalweldsarebeingmade.
Tapping - Transferring molten metal from melting furnace to ladle.
Teeming - Pouring molten metal from a ladle into ingot molds. The term ap-pliesparticularlytothespecificoperationofpouringeitherironorsteelintoingotmolds.
Temper - (1) In heat treatment, reheating hardened steel or hardened cast iron to some temperature below the eutectoid temperature for the purpose of decreasing the hardness and increasing the toughness. The process also is sometimes applied to normalized steel. (2) In tool steels, “temper” is sometimes used, but unadvisedly, to denote the carbon content. (3) In nonferrous alloys and in some ferrous alloys (steels that cannot be hardened by heat treatment), the hardness and strength produced by mechanical or thermal treatment, or both, and characterized by a certain structure, mechanical properties, or reduction in area during cold working. It is the state of or condition of a metal as to its hard-ness or toughness produced by either thermal treatment or heat treatment and quench or cold working or a combination of same in order to bring the metal to its specifiedconsistency.Eachbranchofthemetalproducingindustryhasdevel-opeditsownsystemoftemperdesignates.Inflatrolledproductsincludingsheetand strip steel, tin mill products, stainless strip, aluminum sheet and copper base alloy strip.
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Glossary of TermsTemper Brittleness - Brittleness that results when certain steels are held within, or are cooled slowly through, a certain range of temperature below the transfor-mation range. The brittleness is revealed by notched-bar impact tests at or below room temperature.
Temper Carbon - A form of graphite in iron-base alloys produced by heating below the melting point.
Tempering - A process of reheating quench-hardened or normalized steel to a temperature below the transformation range and then cooling at any rate desired. The primary purpose of tempering is to impart a degree of plasticity or toughness to the steel to alleviate the brittleness of its martensite.
Tension Leveling-Aprocessforimprovingflatnessincoilsbypullingintension.
Tensile Strength - The maximum load per unit of original cross-sectional area obtained before rupture of a tensile specimen.
Thermal Stresses - Stresses in metal most often resulting from non-uniform or localized heating and cooling.
Through-Hardened - Description of a steel part that has been quenched to substantially the same hardness over its entire cross section.
Tin Plate - Thin sheet steel with a very thin coating of metallic tin. Tin plate is used primarily in can making.
TMW Pricing (Theoretical Minimum Weight) - A method of billing sheet and strip products at the theoretical weight calculated on the basis of the minimum specificthickness,width,andlength.
Tolerance-Specifiedlimitsofdeviationfromadimension.
Tong Hold - The portion of a forging billet, usually on one end, that is gripped by the operator’s tongs. It is removed from the part at the end of the forging opera-tion. Common to drop-hammer and press-type forging.
Torsion - A twisting action resulting in shear stresses and strains.
Toughness - An indication of a steel’s capacity to absorb energy, particularly in the presence of a notch or a crack.
Transformation Ranges (Transformation Temperature Ranges) - Those rang-es of temperature within which austenite forms during heating and transforms during cooling. The two ranges are distinct, sometimes overlapping but never coinciding. The limiting temperatures of the ranges depend on the composition of the alloy and on the rate of change of temperature, particularly during cooling.
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Transformation Temperature - The temperature at which a change in phase oc-curs. The term is sometimes used to denote the limiting temperature of a trans-formation range. The following symbols are used for iron and steels: . Ac(cm) In hypereutectoid steel, the temperature at which the solution of cementite in austenite is completed during heating. . Ac1 The temperature at which austenite begins to form during heating. . Ac3 The temperature at which transformation of ferrite to austenite is completed during heating. . Ac4 The temperature at which austenite transforms to delta ferrite during heating. . Ae(cm) Ae1 Ae3 Ae4 The temperatures of phase changes at equilibrium. . Ar(cm) In hypereutectoid steel, the temperature at which precipitation of cementite starts during cooling. . Ar1 The temperature at which transformation of austenite to ferrite or to ferrite plus cementite is completed during cooling. . Ar3 The temperature at which austenite begins to transform to ferrite during cooling. . Ar4 The temperature at which delta ferrite transforms to austenite during cooling. . M(5) (or Ar) The temperature at which transformation of austenite to martensite starts during cooling. . M(f) The temperatureatwhichmartensiteformationfinishesduringcooling..NOTE:Allthese changes except the formation of martensite occur at lower temperatures during cooling than during heating, and depend on the rate of change of tem-perature.
Transition Temperature-(1)Anarbitrarilydefinedtemperaturewithinthetemperature range in which metal fracture characteristics determined usually bynotchedtestsarechangingrapidlysuchasfromprimarilyfibrous(shear)toprimarilycrystalline(cleavage)fracture.Commonlyuseddefinitionsare“transi-tion temperature for 50% cleavage fracture”, “10-ft-lb transition temperature,” and “transition temperature for half maximum energy.” (2) Sometimes also used todenotethearbitrarilydefinedtemperatureinarangeinwhichtheductilitychanges rapidly with temperature.
Transverse - Literally, “across”, usually signifying a direction or plane perpen-dicular to the direction of working.
Trepanning - A type of boring where an annual cut is made into a solid material with the coincidental formation of a plug or solid cylinder.
Troosite-Apreviouslyunresolvablerapidlyetchingfineaggregateofcarbideand ferrite produced either by tempering martensite at low temperature or by quenching a steel at a rate slower than the critical cooling rate. Preferred termi-nologyforthefirstproductistemperedmartensite;forthelatter,finepearlite.
Turning & Polishing-Theprocessofcoldfinishinghotrolledbarsbymachiningto the desired size on a lathe or turning machine, then polishing by rotating them through hardened steel rolls. Turning completely removes the bar surface and with it, decarburization, seams, slivers and other surface imperfections. Polish-ingproducesafiner,brighter,smootherfinishthanisobtainedbycolddraw-ing. In some cases turned bars may subsequently be subjected to grinding and polishing operations.
Ultimate Strength - The maximum conventional stress, tensile, compressive, or shear, that a material can withstand.
Ultrasonic Frequency - A frequency, associated with elastic waves, that is greater than the highest audible frequency, generally regarded as being higher than 15 kc per sec.
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Glossary of TermsUltrasonic Waves - Waves of ultrasonic frequency. They include longitudinal, transverse, surface and standing waves.
Universal Mill - A rolling mill in which rolls with a vertical axis roll the edges of the metal stock between some of the passes through the horizontal rolls.
U.M. Plate - Universal Mill Plate or plate rolled to width by vertical rolls as well as to thickness by horizontal rolls. Edge shearing is not necessary.
Upsetting - (1) A metal working operation similar to forging. (2) The process of axialflowunderaxialcompressionofmetal,asinformingheadsonrivetsbyflat-tening the end of wire.
Vacuum Degassing - A steel making process which permits cyclic degassing - plus the addition of alloying materials to molten steel in the absence of air prior to teeming. Undesirable oxide content is reduced.
Vacuum Induction Melting - Steel is melted in an induction electric furnace in vacuum chambers which also contain the ingot molds into which the melted steel is cast. Charging, melting and casting are all performed under vacuum, reducing undesirable oxide content.
Vickers Hardness (Test) - Standard method for measuring the hardness of met-als, particularly those with extremely hard surfaces: the surface is subjected to a standard pressure for a standard length of time by means of a pyramid-shaped diamond. The diagonal of the resulting indention is measured under a micro-scope and the Vickers Hardness value read from a conversion table.
Water Quench - (In steel heat treatment). Cooling steel from its quenching tem-perature with water.
Wear Resistance - The ability to withstand impairment or loss of material due to rubbing or other frictional action.
Welding - A process used to join metals by the application of heat. Fusion weld-ing, which includes gas, arc, and resistance welding, requires that the parent metals be melted. This distinguishes fusion welding from brazing. In pressure welding joining is accomplished by the use of heat and pressure without melting. The parts that are being welded are pressed together and heated simultane-ously, so that re-crystallization occurs across the interface.
Wetting - A phenomenon involving a solid and a liquid in such intimate contact that the adhesive force between the two phases is greater than the cohesive force within the liquid. Thus a solid that is wetted, on being removed from the liquid bath, will have a thing continuous layer of liquid adhering to it. Foreign substances such as grease may prevent wetting. Addition agents, such as deter-gents, may induce wetting by lowering the surface tension of the liquid.
Widmanstatten Structure - A structure characterized by a geometrical pattern resulting from the formation of a new phase along certain crystallographic planes of the parent solid solution. The orientation of the lattice in the new phase is re-lated crystallographically to the orientation of the lattice in the parent phase. The structure was originally observed in meteorites but is readily produced in many other alloys with certain heat treatment.
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Workability - The characteristic or group of characteristic that determines the ease of forming a metal into desired shapes.
Work Hardness - Hardness resulting from mechanical working.
Wrought Iron - Iron containing only a very small amount of other elements, but containing 1-3% by weight of slag in the form of particles elongated in one direc-tion, giving the iron a characteristic grain. Is more rust-resistant than steel and welds more easily.
Yield Point - The load per unit of original cross section at which, in soft steel, a marked increase in deformation occurs without increase in load.
Yield Strength (YS)-Thestressatwhichamaterialexhibitsaspecifiedlimitingdeviation from the proportionality of stress to strain. The deviation is expressed in terms of strain. Also known as proof stress.
Young’s Modulus-Thecoefficientofelasticityofstretching.Forastretchedwire, Young’s Modulus is the ratio of the stretching force per unit cross-sectional area to the elongation per unit length. The values of Young’s Modulus for metals are of the order 10(12) dynes per square cm.
Zyglo Inspection - Metals are treated with a special dye containing water wash-able oil which has the power to penetrate extremely small surface cracks. The part is then illuminated with short wave-length light called “black light,” causing thedyetoglowwithfluorescence-thusindicatingthesizeandlocationofcracksor other defects.
Glossary of Terms
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