Skeleton and Muscular Systems Key Revision Facts•The function of the skeleton is:

1. support;

2. protect organs;

3. movement;

4. produce blood cells.

•Fixed joints do not allow for any movement, for example the skull.

•Hinge joints allow for movement backwards and forwards, for example the elbow.

•Ball and socket joints allow for movement in all directions, for example hip and shoulder.

•The main muscles in the arm are the biceps and triceps. To bend the arm, the biceps contract and the triceps relax. To straighten the arm, the triceps contract and the biceps relax.

•Muscles that work in opposite directions to each other are known as antagonistic pairs, for example the biceps and triceps.

•Ligaments join two bones together.

•Tendons join a muscle to a bone.

•Cartilage is the tissue covering the end of bones at a joint to stop them rubbing together.

Either colour each square Red, Amber or Green or put a tick in each row to indicate how confident you feel with each statement.

Topic - The skeleton and muscular systemsI can R A G

Name 3 functions of the skeleton.Name the type of movement allowed by a fixed joint and give an example.Name the type of movement allowed by a hinge joint and give an example.Name the type of movement allowed by a ball and socket joint and give an example.Name the 2 main muscles in the arm and explain how they bring about movement.Explain what is meant by the term ‘antagonistic pairs’.Explain the role of ligaments, tendons and cartilage.

Skeleton and Muscular Systems Test Yourself 1Match and Draw: Match the type of joints to their movement

Skeleton - Quick QuestionsName the bones that protect the heart and lungs.

Which bone protects the brain?

Which bones protect the spinal cord?

How many bones in the average adult human skeleton?

Give 3 functions of the skeleton.

Where would you find the ulna and radius?

Hinge joint Movement in an upwards and downwards motion

Fixed joint Movement in all directions

Ball and socket No movement

What is another name for the kneecap?

Where would you find the scapula?

Skeleton and Muscular Systems Test Yourself 2Wordsearch

Find the words labelled on the skeleton.

SternumHumerus

RadiusUlna Pelvis

Femur

Fibula Tibia

p p z e h l i f i b u l a m yo a u q d n k c u h w u x v ny y u p k s l h c p x j f i hl n p a a u y d p r x p d g ek v s v e r h y a e i y g f gr f h s d e t d z a l a d l fm e u g t m i c i f g v l r jd d u s e u w c y a a s i q qr g h u s h m s b l l p z s dq u l l c y f i t e s z v p lt n m o z e f u g e j x f j na i j e m n f x h x r j q r gi e b v f l y j r l d n n z te o u i q y z a k g o l u c ob r c p a j z k q a o n q m c

Match and DrawMatch the key word with its definition.

Exam Style Questions 11. On the diagram of the skeleton shown below, mark on the position of where you would

find the following joints:• a hinge joint;

• a fixed joint;

• a ball and socket joint;

Tendons These occur where 2 or bones join together.

Ligaments These attach muscles to the bones.

Joints Without this, bones would rub together.

Cartilage These hold bones together.

2. When an ice skater skates, her arms and legs are moved by a pair of antagonistic muscles. How do antagonistic muscle pairs work? Give an example.

Exam Style Questions 21. The diagram shows the bones and muscles of a human arm. The biceps and triceps are

muscles that contract to move the arm. What do the biceps and triceps do to move the arm upwards?

Bicep

Tricep

Bones

2. Ligaments hold the bones together at a joint and can stretch. Why must ligaments be able to stretch?

Fluid

Cartilage

3. Why are cartilage and fluid needed in a joint?

4. Name 3 functions of the skeleton.