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Stor-skala taredyrking: Faktorer der kan påvirke ogspiller inn på naturlige økosystemer
En presentasjon av KELPPRO: Kelp industrial production: Potential
impacts on coastal ecosystems
Kasper Hancke
For Algenett Nord via video
17 Desember 2018
Bilder: SES, NIVA og Tango Seaweed
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)
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Kasper: Education and positions
• 2002 MSc in Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Uni. of Copenhagen
• 2003-2007 PhD in Marine Algae Ecology, NTNU, Norway
• 2007-2010 Post doc on Primary Production and Ocean optics, IMR, Norway
• 2010-2011 Research coordinator at NTNU, Norway
• 2011-2014 Post doc Benthic & Pelagic Biogeochemistry, Uni. of Southern Denmark (SDU)
• 2015-2016 Researcher in Arctic Ecology. Aarhus Univ.
• 2016 – Researcher in Coastal Ecology. NIVA
Prosjektleder for et nytt forskningsprosjekt.
NFR - 2017-2020
KELPPROKelp industrial production: Potential
impacts on coastal ecosystems
17.12.2018Kasper Hancke et al.
KELPPROKelp industrial production: Potential impacts on coastal ecosystems
• Project lead: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA, Kasper Hancke)
• Scientific partners: SINTEF, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),
Akvaplan-NIVA, Institute of Marine Research (HI), University of Southern Denmark
(SDU)
• Industrial partners: Seaweed Energy Solutions (SES), Hortimare
• Duration: 2017-2020 (4 years)
• Funding: Research Council of Norway
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Why spend time on environmental impacts?
Image: SES/J Funderud 2016
Sangou Bay, China
17.12.2018Kasper Hancke 5Image: SES/J Funderud 2016
Why spend time on environmental impacts?
• Global seaweed production >26 mill. ton (FAO 2016)
• In Norway, current production is low (145 tons in 2017), but
• the future prospect is 20 mill. tonn by 2050 (Olafsen 2012)
• This requires an area of 2000-3000 km2, equivalent almost to the
size of Hardangervidda national park
• Globally, estimate potential seaweed production is
~several billion tons year-1 (e.g. Bjerregaard et al 2017)
17.12.2018Kasper Hancke 6Image: SES/J Funderud 2016
Why spend time on environmental impacts?
www.visitnorway.com
17.12.2018Kasper Hancke 7
• Potensialet for vekst i dyrkning av makroalger
anses som betydelig, med anvendelser som mat,
fôr, næringsstoffer, kjemikalier og energi.
• Regjeringen er opptatt av at vi skal få til en vekst i
oppdrettsnæringen som spiller på lag med
naturen. Det er bare slik vi kan opprettholde en
fremtidsrettet næring.
Regerings havstrategi Februar 2017
Marked potential
The macro algae industry is expected to increase from NOK 1.2 mrd i 2010 to
NOK 40 mrd i 2050 (SINTEF, NTNU et al. - Verdiskapning basert på produktive
hav i 2050).
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Kelp industrial production: Potential impacts on coastal ecosystems
Three main questions:
1) How will large scale kelp farming impact the coastal ecosystems – open water and sea floor habitats and functioning?
2) Will farmed kelp detritus provide valuable bio-resources or pose a threat to natural coastal ecosystems?
3) Will kelp farming facilities provide ecosystem functioning as ‘artificial’ forest habitats?
Images by SES and Tango Seaweed
Aim:
Provide an integrated assessment of positive and negative impacts of industrial-scaled kelp farming on the marine ecosystem of coastal Norway
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Potential environmental impacts of extensive seaweed cultivation
Positive impacts are• Nutrient uptake, reducing marine
eutrophication • CO2 uptake, reducing ocean
acidification• Increased primary production• Promote elevated biodiversity
Negative impacts are• Depletion of limited nutrients• Depositing of large quantities of kelp
biomass on the seafloor, leading to• poor environmental conditions,• oxygen deficiency, • and change in natural biodiversity
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Effects on open water ecosystems
• Reduce light availability for natural populations of phytoplankton
Effects on primary production and foodweb efficiency (wild fish stock)
• Reduce water currents, mixing and attenuate waves
Alter nutrient and matter transport and the water column vertical transport
rates
• Take up of nutrients
Provides a tool for eutrophication mitigation, or
limits recourses for the foodweb, and commercial harvest (fish)
The balance determines the system Carrying Capacity
• Take up of CO2
Provides climate mitigation actions (if carbon is removed from the biosphere)
• Provide refuges for a vast number of species, virus to fauna
Increase habitats for wanted and unwanted species
Increase spread of diseases and genetic material?
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Effects on seafloor ecosystems
• Reduce light availability for seafloor macroalgae
Effects on primary production, foodweb efficiency and biodiversity
• Depositing organic matter (lost kelp) detritus (30% of the biomass)
Provide a food source for staving ecosystems, or
Lead to poor environmental conditions and oxygen deficiency
The balance determines the tipping point between food source or
ecosystem threat
• Change in biodiversity and ecosystem function
• impacts on foodweb structure and ecosystem servises
• Depositing of carbon (CO2 removal)
Provides climate mitigation actions, if carbon is permanently buried in
the seafloor
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Ongoing efforts
• Fieldwork
• Laboratory work
• Mesocosms
• Numerical modelling
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Broch et al. in review 2018
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NIVA – research for a sustainable future
Conclusion
• There is a large potential for growing industrial-scale volumes of seaweed
biomass to supply the global market with food and resources
• Industrial-scaled kelp farming will inevitably impact local, regional and
global ecosystems and productivity – positively and/or negatively
• As of today, we have limited knowledge on ecosystem consequences, and
potential positive and negative impacts are largely unmeasured
• Research efforts and applicable indexes needs to be accomplished and
developed
Take home message: Knowledge-based operations and research-based monitoring is
needed to secure a sustainable future for seaweed aquaculture
Photo
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ph: A
Chapm
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ango S
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NIVA – research for a sustainable future
Two resent publications
New report out: April 2018
A website targeted for kelp
farmers and managers:
https://arcg.is/1uy0DK
Photo
gra
ph: A
Chapm
an, T
ango S
eaw
eed
17.12.2018Kasper Hancke 17
NIVA – research for a sustainable future
Two resent publications
New report out: April 2018
A website targeted for kelp
farmers and managers:
https://arcg.is/1uy0DK
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17.12.2018Kasper Hancke 18
NIVA – research for a sustainable future
Thank you
Questions?
KELPPROKelp industrial production: Potential impacts on coastal ecosystems
www.kelppro.netFunded by the Research Council of Norway P
hoto
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ph: A
Chapm
an, T
ango S
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