K+S Group 0

Storage of toxic waste in salt rock formations

- The definitive solution

K + S Entsorgung GmbH - a K+S Group Company

Dr. Roland Liesenberg, K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Dr. Andreas Krüger, GEKA Munster

Dipl.Ing. Ing.chem. Alfred Krippendorf, Hazard Control GmbH

K+S Group

The K+S Group | Facts and Figures

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Storage of waste from CW demilitarization operations requires special analytical

and technical knowledge. In order to cover this a cooperation between the

following companies has been established:

Hazard Control GmbH

- Analytical examination of waste for CWA and highly toxic compounds

- Outgassing tests to identify gas phase concentrations of toxic compounds

- Development and testing of methods for waste inerting, immobilization and

stabilization

GEKA mbH

- Treatment and preparation of toxic waste to fulfill the storage criteria

K+S Entsorgung GmbH

- Final waste underground storage

K+S Group

The K+S Group | Facts and Figures

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

A world-wide leader in the sectors of:

● Special and standard fertilisers

● Salt products

● Approx. 14,300 employees

● Revenue 2015: 4.17 billion €

Sites in

more than 20 countries

K+S Group

The K+S Group | Corporate Structure

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

K+S Group

Potash and Magnesium

Products Business Segment

Salt Business Segment

Complementary Activities

- K+S Transport

- CFK (Trading)

- Animal Hygiene

Products

Waste Management

&

Recycling

K+S Group

The Company | Profile

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

European leader in

underground disposal

● A K+S Group business segment since 1991

● Disposal activities are centrally managed from

Kassel

● Internationally active, with representatives in

eight countries

● Pioneer of underground waste disposal;

first facility worldwide: Herfa-Neurode (1972)

Second facility: Zielitz (1995)

● Revenue 2015: 87.9 m. €

K+S Group

The company | Areas of Activity

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Underground disposalSolution for highly contaminated materials

Long-term removal from the biosphere

Underground

recovery

Solution for less contaminated materials

Utilisation of the material properties by:

• Stacking backfill

• High-consistency slurry backfill

• Tipping backfill

Building material

recycling

Recycling of construction materials

Utilisation as cover material for greening a potash

tailings pile

Secondary aluminium

System solutions

• Distribution of salt fluxes

• Recycling of salt slag

• Raw materials recovery

• Disposal of filter dusts

K+S Group

The company | Areas of Activity

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

1 Underground waste disposal plant Zielitz

2 Underground waste disposal plant Herfa-

Neurode

3 Underground recovery facility Zielitz

4 Underground recovery facility Bernburg

5 Underground recovery facility Wintershall

6 Underground recovery facility Hattorf

7 Underground recovery facility

Unterbreizbach

8 Aluminium salt slag recycling

Sigmundshall

9 Building material recycling Sehnde

K+S Group

Solutions | Underground Waste Disposal

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Advantages of our solution

● Disposal at own facilities

● Largest number of facilities on the market

● Largest range of procedures

● Ideal conditions for long-term safe disposal

of wastes

● Wide range of toxic compounds accepted

●No limitations in concentration of toxic compounds

Basic principle: Safety

K+S Group

Zielitz | Disposal Methods

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Underground recovery (UTV)

Zielitz

Underground disposal (UTD)

• Beginning of operation 1995

• Solution for highly contaminated

materials

• Objective: Long-term removal from

the biosphere

• Capacity: 30,000 t/a

• Beginning of operation 2008

• Solution for less contaminated

materials

• Objective: Utilisation of the

material properties

• Capacity: 60,000 t/a

K+S Group

Zielitz | Disposal Methods

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Zielitz

Calvörde

Gardelegen

Stendal

Upper Permian

S

Storage

Magdeburg

Wolmirstedt

NNatural barriersClay (watertight) 300 mBunt stone 500 mSalt (gastight) 300m

K+S Group

UTD | Multi-Barrier-System

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Maintenance-free

longterm-safety

Natural barriers

● Salt (gastight) 300 m

● Clay (watertight) 100 m

● Bunter stone 500 m

Artificial barriers

● Waste packaging

● Brick walls

● Field dams

● Watertight sealing of the shafts

K+S Group

UTD | Prerequisites

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

● Disused, excavated area of the mine

● Remote from extraction area with possibility to be sealed off

● Galleries remain open and have no backfill obligation

● Galleries have to be stable and must remain accessible even after a longer time

● Mine has to be dry and free of water

● Storage area has to be sealed off from biosphere by geological barriers

● Maintenance-free Safest solution for the

disposal of hazardous

waste

K+S Group

UTD | Examples of Waste Types

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

● arsenic-containing wastes

● mercury-containing wastes

● contaminated construction and demolition waste (e.g. heavy metal, dioxin, mercury, PCB)

● hardening salt residues

● cyanide-containing wastes

● filter dusts

Long-term-safety for highly

contaminated waste

K+S Group

UTD | Acceptance Criteria

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Not acceptable for underground disposal are wastes that are e.g.:

● radioactive

● liquid

● infectious

● causing odour nuisance

● biodegradable

● increasing the volume / overpressure inside barrels

● releasing gases (toxic, self-ignitable, explosive)

● explosive, highly or easily flammable

● insufficient stability to geomechanical conditions

● CWA (schedule 1 chemicals > 0.1%)

Wastes need to have

certain properties

K+S Group

UTD Process | Acceptance Control

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Kontrolle

Schacht

Strecke

Einlagerung

K+S Group

Kontrolle

Schacht

Strecke

Einlagerung

UTD Process | Loading Containers

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

K+S Group

UTD Process | Underground Transport

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

K+S Group

UTD Process | Storage Chambers

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

K+S Group

Disposal in Zielitz | Advantages

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

● Sophisticated safety systems

● Traceability of all deposits due to

comprehensive documentation

● Reference samples of all wastes

● Retrievability of the disposable wastes for raw

materials extraction

● Extensive capacities for short-term acceptance

of large volumes

Reference samples of all

wastes are stored

underground

K+S Group 19

K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Finalized CWM-related projects:

Project: Former WWII CWA production “ERGETHAN”, Staßfurt-Löderberg

Objective: Disposal of approximately 380 tons of conditioned sludges and soils containing

organic arsenic compounds (Clark I, Triphenylarsine, Phenylarsene oxide, etc.)

Period: November 2002, September 2003, January 2004

Project: Storage site Holzweißig

Objective: Disposal of 3,173 tons of a conditioned mixture of red phosphorus and

arsenic

Period: March 2004 – May 2004

Project: Former WWII air force CW army ammunitions depot Dessau-Kapen near Oranienbaum

Objective: Disposal of 792 t of conditioned sludge/construction and demolitions wastes containing organic arsenic

compounds (Clark I, Clark II, Bis-(diphenylarsenic)oxide, etc.)

Period: December 2004 – January 2005

K+S Group

Disposal in Zielitz | Projects

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K+S Entsorgung GmbH

K+S Group 21

K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Project: Former CW munitions destruction site Gerwisch near Magdeburg

Objective: Disposal of 236 t of conditioned construction and demolitions waste/soil containing

organic arsenicals

compounds (Clark I, Clark II, S-Mustard, etc.)

Period: March 2005 – November 2005

Project: Storage of residues from the destruction operations of ACWs

from the German state company GEKA

Objective: Storage of approximately 1,000 tons per year residues like arsenic-containing wastes,

residues from waste-water treatment, dust, linings and refractories (fireclay brickworks)

from high temperature incineration, dust, slag, scrap from the treatment of ammunition

Period: Beginning in 2016

K+S Group 22

K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Summary

K+S Group 23

K+S Entsorgung GmbH

Summary

Underground storage of toxic waste from CW demilitarization operations

offers a safe and environmentally friendly end-of-pipe solution.

Storage in underground salt mines guarantees a long-time and safe

keeping of toxic materials.

Mainly, the content and percentage of toxic compounds in waste is not a

limiting factor for acceptance, as long as the waste meets the general

acceptance criteria.

K+S Group 24

K+S Entsorgung GmbH

T h a n k y o u f o r y o u r a t t e n t i o n !