[storage] version 1.2. course outline introduction to network storage raid technologies storage...

[Storage]Version 1.2

Course Outline Introduction to Network Storage RAID Technologies Storage Essentials

• Basic Terminologies and Concepts• Hard Drive Interface Technologies

SAN Technologies• Fiber Channel Technology• iSCSI Technology

D-Link SAN (Storage Area Network)• D-Link Products for Storage Area

Network• Market Analysis for D-Link SAM

Products• D-Link SAN Implementation

SAN Product Features Overview• Volume Management• Device Management• iSCSI Features• Volume and RAID Support

D-Link NAS (Network Attached Storage)

• D-Link Products for Network Attached Storage

• Market Analysis for D-Link NAS Products

NAS Product Features Overview• Managing the Device• User and Group Management• Appliance Servers• Network Features• USB Port Applications

Applications and Solutions for Network Storage

• NAS Applications• SAN Applications

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DCS – Storage

Introduction to Network Storage

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After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following:1. Types of current storage solutions for computerized devices2. Characteristics of DAS and the challenges of using it3. Characteristics of NAS and the benefits/advantages that it offers4. Characteristics of SAN and the benefits/advantages that it offers5. Differences among each storage solution

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Evolutions of Storage Technology

1940s – Data was mostly stored on punched card and punched paper tape. 1951 – First computer to use magnetic tape for storage. 1956 – IBM introduced the first commercial hard disk drive known as RAMAC

(Random Access Method of Accounting and Control). 1962 – The laser diode was invented by IBM which became the fundamental

technology for read-write optical storage devices. 1963 – IBM introduced the first storage unit with removable disks. This became an

end for punched-cards era. 1970 – Portable storage was born with the invention of the floppy disk. 1978 – The first patent for RAID technology was filed. 1981 – The Intelligent interface for disk drive “SASI” was developed by Shugart

Associates and NCR Corporation. This interface is the predecessor to SCSI interface.

1982 – SCSI interface was born and developed based on its predecessor, SASI. 1984 – Compaq and Western Digital Co. produced ST506 controller that was able

to be mounted on the hard disk drive and connected to the PC using a 40-pin cable.

Storage Evolutions


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1940 1951 1956 1962

1963

1970 1978 1981

1982

1984

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Evolutions of Storage Technology (cont’d)

1985 – First IDE drive was built by integrating ST506 controller in the hard disk drive.

1986 – SCI specification was defined in a ANSI standard X3.131-1986. 1994 – SCSI-2 became an ANSI standard X3.131-1994 and the IDE standard was

approved by the ANSI under the name ANSI X3.221-1994. 1996 – The ATA-2 interface that complied with the ANSI X3.279-1996 standard

was the AT Attachment Interface with Extensions, and the ATA-2 interface that complied with the ANSI X3.279-1996 standard was the AT Attachment Interface with Extensions.

1998 – The ATA/ATAPI-4 interface that complied with the ANSO NCITS 317-1998 was the AT Attachment Interface with Packet Interface Extension.

2000 – The ATA/ATAPI-5 interface that complied with the ANSI NCITS 340-2000 was the AT Attachment Interface with Packet Interface-5.

2000 – The Serial ATA 1.0 Working Group was established to specify Serial ATA for desktop applications.

2001 – Serial ATA 1.0 was released in August of 2001 (with subsequent revisions 1.0a and 1.1) which provided significant improvement over parallel ATA.

2003 – Hitachi bought IBM Data Storage Division.

Storage Evolutions


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1985

1986

1994 1996 1998 2000

2001

2003

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Types of Storage Solution Internal Storage

• Memory (DDR)• IDE ATA Hard Disk / Optical

Compact Disk• SCSI Hard Disk• SATA Hard Disk

External Storage• Direct Attached Storage (DAS)• Network Storage

– Network Attached Storage (NAS)– Storage Area Network (SAN)

• USB Storage Enclosure• Firewire 1394 Storage Enclosure• Slim Disk Memory

Storage Solutions


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Direct Attached Storage (DAS)

Storage Solutions


A storage system directly attached to a client (commonly to a computer or server), without a storage network in between.

Common example of DAS would be a storage enclosure externally attached to a server, where clients in the network must access the server in order to connect to the storage device.

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Client

LocalArea

Network

Oracle Database

Server

File Server

Active Directory Server

Host Bus Adapter

DAS #1

DAS #2

DAS #3

DAS #4

Network Application Server

Challenges of DAS Difficulty managing servers and storage with slow backup causing

heavy LAN congestion Limited number of drives supported Limitation on storage size Inability to share storage across multiple servers Time-consuming and complex backup and management Need for storage down time (off-line) when installing additional

drives

Storage Solutions


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Solution for DAS

Storage Solutions


Simplify storage management by separating the data from application server.

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DAS Network Storage

Why Do We Need Network Storage? Volume of data keeps growing exponentially Redundancy and backup necessity Data availability and accessibility Storage consolidation for centralized management* Increase reliability and better performance (speed) Storage virtualization* Overall cost reduction Data Protection

* Unique characteristics possessed by SAN only.

Storage Solutions


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Network Attached Storage (NAS) Overview

Storage Solutions


NAS is a file-level computer data storage device connected to a computer network providing data access to heterogeneous network clients.

A NAS unit is essentially a self-contained computer connected to a network, with the sole purpose of supplying file-based data storage services to other devices on the network.

NAS are usually accessed by workstations and servers through a network protocol such as TCP/IP and applications such as Network File System (NFS) or Common Internet File System (CIFS) / Server Message Block (SMB) for file access.

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Client

Application Server

File Server Public Local Area Network

NAS

Storage Area Network (SAN) Overview

Storage Solutions


A high performance storage network that transfers block-level data between servers and storage devices, separate from the local area network (LAN) traffic.

In a SAN environment, storage devices, such as DAS, RAID arrays, or tape libraries are connected to servers using fiber channel or iSCSI.

Characteristics of SAN:• Virtualization• Storage Consolidation• Scalable• Block data transfer uses encapsulated SCSI

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Application Server

File Server

SAN

High performance private storage network

Client

PublicLocal Area Network

Differences of NAS and SANNetwork Attached Storage (NAS) Storage Area Network (SAN)

• Clients sees the NAS box as an independent device (as a file server), thus the architecture is client-server based where client requests are sent directly to the NAS.

• Client sees the SAN as a part of a server (the SAN is connected behind the server in its own network), thus client should send the request to server connected to the SAN.

• Clients connect to a NAS and share files through the use of NFS, CIFS/SMB, or HTTP protocol.

• Clients connected to the SAN through the use of iSCSI or Fiber Channel, depending on which is supported by the SAN.

• File-based data transfer (data is identified by file name and other parameters, such as the file meta-data (file’s owner, permissions, etc)

• Block-level data transfer along long distances (data is addressed by disk block number and without file system formatting).

• Backups and mirrors are done on files, not blocks, which provides savings in bandwidth and time.

• Backups and mirrors require a block by block copy, even if blocks are empty. A mirror machine must be equal to or greater in capacity than the source volume.

Storage Solutions


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Comparison for each of the Storage Solutions

Storage Solutions


DAS Enclosure NAS Enclosure SAN Enclosure

Directly connected to a client

Connected to servers and workstations via a pubic network

Connected to servers over the private storage network

Slower data access compared to network storage

Fast data access (depends on the LAN speed)

Fastest data access (depends on which protocol is used)

Direct data transfer File level data transfer Block level data transfer

Data transfer using SCSI protocol

Data transfer using NFS / CIFS / SMB protocol

Fiber Channel or iSCSI is used for data transfer protocol

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Application Server

File Server

SAN Appliance

High performance private storage

network

Client

Public LAN

Summary: Introduction to Network Storage Clients can choose from three types of storage systems to keep

their data on: Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Network Attached Storage (NAS), and Storage Area Network (SAN).

Direct Attached Storage (DAS) is the most commonly used data storage solution for end user level client devices (computers, servers). It attaches the storage enclosure directly to the client device.

Network Attached Storage (NAS) is mainly targeted for home and SMB users, and offers the benefits of network storage with ease of sharing files and centralized data storage over the IP network.

Storage Area Network (SAN) is mainly targeted for Server Farms or Special Applications, e.g. IP Surveillance, and offers high performance network storage solutions for data transfers over enterprise network, with benefits include virtualization, storage consolidation, etc.

D-Link supports data transfer over the iSCSI protocol for SAN devices.

Summary


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Questions and Answers: Introduction to Network Storage1. What is the characteristic of Direct Attached Storage?

A. Storage is connected to the server without being separated with TCP/IP network

B. Storage consolidation capabilityC. Data transfer using Network File System (NFS) protocolD. Link multiple storage repositories to multiple clients and servers

2. What is the characteristic of D-Link Network Attached Storage?A. Provide slow data accessB. Block data transfer along long distance is possibleC. Data transfer using CIFS/SMB protocolD. Support server virtualization

3. What are the characteristics of D-Link Storage Area Network? (Choose Two)A. File-level data transfer along long distanceB. Storage is connected directly to the server using iSCSI protocolC. Block data transferD. Support storage virtualization and consolidation

Questions and Answers


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DCS – Storage

RAID Technologies

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RAID Technologies

RAID Technologies

After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following:1. RAID mechanisms overview2. RAID types supported by D-Link network storage appliances3. Characteristics of each RAID type supported by D-Link as well as the

advantages and disadvantages for each (RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10, and JBOD)

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RAID Technology Overview Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAID) is a data storage mechanism

for dividing and/or replicating data over multiple hard drives, thus which may provide better performance, reliability, and/or larger data volume sizes. Depending on the type of RAID applied, different benefits can be achieved.

D-Link network storage supports several RAID technologies as described below:

RAID Level Type Definition Redundant Striped

RAID 0 Striped Distributes each block of data among several drives to improve the speed of access

No Yes

RAID 1 Mirrored Two copies of all data are written to independent disks

Yes No

RAID 10 Mirrored Striped

Stripes the data among several drives and then mirrors the data to another set of disks

Yes Yes

RAID 5 Parity Distributes one copy of the data among several drives and adds parity blocks spread throughout the volume to protect against the loss of any single drive

Yes Yes

N/A JBOD All the disks are grouped together to form one large volume. The data is written to the disks in sequential order

No No

Introduction to RAID

RAID Technologies

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RAID 0 Technology Overview Characteristics of RAID 0

• RAID 0 works by striping the data (Data-striping) across the hard drives• At least two hard drives must be provided• Improved performance (high speed data transfer)• No fault-tolerance• No error-checking

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages

• Speed enhancement and improve I/O performance

• Maximum utilization of storage capacity*• Very simple design and easy to implement

• No data redundancy or fault-tolerance• Failure occurring in any disk of an array

will result in all data in that array being lost

* Each physical disk must be of the same capacity to achieve 100% storage capacity utilization

RAID 0

RAID Technologies

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Illustration of RAID 0

RAID 0

RAID Technologies

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5

Disk-0 Disk-1

Data

1 2 3 4 5 6

3

1

6

4

2

Network Storage Disk 0

Disk 1

✕

If RAID 0 is in use and one of the disks in the array crashes, the

rest of disks in the array will also not work. This will result is total

data loss.

Primary Disk

✕

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RAID 1 Technology Overview Characteristics of RAID 1 RAID 1 works by mirroring the data At least two hard drives must be provided Fault-tolerance Advantages and disadvantages


• 100% data redundancy • Highest disk overhead of all RAID types

• Inefficient because only 50% of the physical drive storage’s capacity is used

RAID 1

RAID Technologies

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RAID 1

RAID Technologies

24

4

3

2

1

Disk-0

4

3

2

1

Disk-1

100% Redundancy!!!

Network Storage ✕

If RAID 1 is in use and the primary disk crashes, the mirrored disk will

automatically replace the primary disk.

Primary Disk

Mirrored Disk

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RAID 5 Technology Overview Characteristics of RAID 5 technology:

• Striped set with distributed parity

• Minimum three disks must be provided to implement RAID 5

• Offers data protection and increases throughput

Advantages and Disadvantages


• 100% data protection• Offer more physical drive storage

capacity than RAID 1• Highest read data transaction rate• Distributing the parity over all of the

disks rather than putting all the parity on one disk

• Extra time needed to calculate the parity

• Disk failure has a medium impact on throughput

• Difficult to rebuild volume in the event of a disk failure (as compared to RAID level 1)

RAID 5

RAID Technologies

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RAID 5

RAID Technologies

26

Disk-0 Disk-1 Disk-2

P: parity

Using RAID 5, if one of the disks in the array fails, data in the failed disk can be recovered

Disk-2 fails, data cannot be accessed!!!Data is fully recovered!!!

Data to be written: 101110011010

New Disk to replace the failed disk

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P=1 (1 XOR 0)011

0P=0 (1 XOR 1)

1P=1 (0 XOR 1)

0P=1 (1 XOR 0)

P=1 (1 XOR 0)101

P=1 (1 XOR 0)0

1 XOR 0 = 11 XOR 0 = 11 XOR 1 = 0

1 XOR 0 = 11 XOR 0 = 11 XOR 1 = 0

✕

Data can be rebuilt to the new disk using XOR calculations by recalculating the two bits retrieved from the existing drives

Rebuilt process started!

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RAID 10 Technology Overview Characteristics of RAID 10 technology: RAID 10 provides mirroring and striping at the same time Minimum four disks or even number of disks is required Provides fault-tolerance and improves performance Advantages and Disadvantages


• Provide fault tolerance to prevent data loss

• Provide high performance for I/O operation (read and write)

• Expensive, many disks are required to implement this RAID technology

• Only 50% of the physical drive storage’s capacity is used, if implements mirroring mechanism

RAID 10

RAID Technologies

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RAID 10

RAID Technologies

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RAID 0 - Stripe

5

Disk-0

3

1

Very high reliability combined with high performance!!!

RAID 1 - Mirror

5

Disk-1

3

1

6

Disk-2

4

2

RAID 1 - Mirror

6

Disk-3

4

2

JBOD Technology Overview Characteristics of JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks): No Data redundancy, which means no fault-tolerance Bigger array capacity Two or more hard disks are required to create one logical drive Advantages and Disadvantages


• Provide 100% storage capacity utilization

• No data redundancy or fault-tolerance provided

JBOD

RAID Technologies

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Illustration of JBOD

JBOD

RAID Technologies

JBOD is usually known as concatenation where the total storage capacity equals to the sum of each separate disk.

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67

Disk-1

65

Disk-0

64

2

1

……

.

…

Total storage capacity (Σ) = capacity of Disk-0 + capacity of Disk-1

Logically seen as one big storage

Summary for Each RAID Technology

RAID LevelData

RedundancyRead

PerformanceWrite

PerformanceMin. Number

of Drives

RAID-0 No Superior Superior 2

RAID-1 Yes Very High High 2

RAID-5 Yes Superior Good 3

RAID-10 Yes Very High High 4

JBOD No Superior Superior 2

D-Link Storage Area Network allows migration between RAID levels, but this is dependent on number of HDD drives available.

The performance of each RAID level may vary depending on the hardware platform used.

Summary for Each RAID Type

RAID Technologies

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Summary: RAID Technologies Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a data storage mechanism that

provides better performance and/or data reliability. D-Link network storage appliances support RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10, RAID 5, RAID

6 and JBOD to offer greater performance and reliability for D-Link users. Which types of RAID supported is dependent on the models.

RAID 0 provides the best performance with the fastest data transfer speed by striping all the data to multiple disks.

RAID 1 provides data redundancy by mirroring/duplicating the data from one disk to another disk.

RAID 5 offers data protection and increases throughput by creating data parity and distributing it to all the provided disks.

RAID 6 offers data protection and increases throughput by creating data parity and distributing it to all the provided disks. Same as RAID 5, but with 2 parity disks.

RAID 10 combines both RAID 0 and RAID 1 at once, thus providing greater performance while also serving data redundancy to prevent single point of failure.

Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD) is not a type of RAID mechanism and does not provide data redundancy. It is used for achieving greater storage capacity among all the hard disks, which may come in different sized capacity.

Summary

RAID Technologies

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Questions and Answers: RAID Technologies1. Which RAID level does not support fault-tolerance for the stored

data?A. RAID 0B. RAID 1C. RAID 10D. RAID 5E. JBOD

2. Which RAID technology supports the consolidation of all disks with different sizes thus enlarging the capacity of available storage spaces?A. RAID 0B. RAID 5C. JBODD. RAID 10


RAID Technologies

33

DCS – Storage

Storage Essentials

34

Storage Essentials

Storage Essentials

After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following:1. Basic terminologies commonly used to explain storage technology2. Different hard drive technologies and the characteristics of each

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Basic Terminologies Block – A sequence of bytes or bits in which data is stored and retrieved on disk and

tape devices. Array – A set of physical disks grouped into one or more logical drives. Logical drive - A set of actual physical disks that are grouped together and behave as if

it were a single drive as seen by the user. Volume – A set of blocks of storage that are organized and presented for use by the

server. Logical Unit Number (LUN) – number assigned to a logical unit.

• It can be used to refer to an entire physical disk, or a subset of a larger physical disk or disk volume. The physical disk or disk volume could be an entire single disk drive, a partition (subset) of a single disk drive, or disk volume from a RAID controller comprising multiple disk drives aggregated together for larger capacity and redundancy. LUNs represent a logical abstraction between the physical disk device/volume and the applications. For example if you partition a disk drive into smaller pieces for your application or system needs (perhaps your server's operating system has a disk drive size limit) the sub-segments would share a common SCSI target ID address with each partition being a unique LUN.

• In an iSCSI environment, LUNs are essentially numbered disk drives. An initiator negotiates with a target to establish connectivity to a LUN; the result is an iSCSI session that emulates a SCSI hard disk. Initiators treat iSCSI LUNs the same way as if they were a raw SCSI or IDE hard drive. For instance, rather than mounting remote directories as will be done in NFS or CIFS environments, iSCSI systems format and directly manage file systems on iSCSI LUNs.

• In enterprise deployments, LUNs usually represent slices of large RAID disk arrays, often allocated one per client. iSCSI imposes no rules or restrictions on multiple computers sharing individual LUNs; shared access to a single underlying file system is instead left as a task for the operating system.

Basic Terminologies and Concepts

Storage Essentials

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Spare Count

Basic Terminologies and Concepts

Storage Essentials

Definition of Spare• Spare is an drive (drive B) which is reserved for the purpose of substituting for

another drive (drive A) in case of a failure on drive A. Definition of Hot Spare

• Hot spare is a drive which has been flagged for use if another drive in the array fails

Definition of Spare Count• Spare count is the number of drives to be kept available in case a drive which

contains a volume (with data) fails.

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Hot Spare Drive

Spare Count = 1

Active Drives

When one of the active drives fails, the hot spare drive will replace the failed drive

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Hard Drive Interface Technologies Overview

Hard Drive Interface Technologies

Storage Essentials

ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)

• Mostly used in desktops and notebooks

• Consist of two standards:– PATA (Parallel ATA)– SATA (Serial ATA)

SCSI Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Fiber Channel*

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* Fiber channel is now commonly used for SAN solutions, but seldom used for end user computers. Though there are Fiber Channel hard drives available in the market, they are hardly found these days.

Why SATA?


Storage Essentials

39

End-User Needs

More storage in limited space Improved price/ performance Investment protection Lower overall system cost

Serial ATA Value Proposition

Narrower Cabling Supports lower power requirements Lower pin counts Higher performance (data rates up to

300MBps) Improved connectivity (no master/

slave) Longer cabling (reach up to one meter)

System Vendor Needs

Dense boxes Similar components Lower power consumption Increased air flow More motherboard space

Serial ATA offers more features and better performance than parallel ATA

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Evolution of SATA


Storage Essentials

The Serial ATA (SATA) working group will deliver incremental specification releases over the next several years. These enhancements will enable the technology to support a variety of possible storage configurations.

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Serial ATA 1.0

• Primary inside-the-box storage connection to replace parallel ATA

Serial ATA II, Phase 1

• Improved use of SATA 1.0 technology in server and network storage

• Backplane interconnect solution for racks of hot-swap drives

• Complete enclosure management solution (Fan control, drive lights, temperature control, new device notifications, etc)

• Performance improvement to address industry needs (firmware/ software, performance enhancements, including native queuing)

Serial ATA II, Phase 2

• Second-generation speed grade for desktops and network storage systems (Targeted 300 MB/sec)

• Improvements to address additional needs in higher-end network storage segments

• Topology support for dual host active failover

• Efficient connectivity to larger number of devices

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SCSI Technology Overview


Storage Essentials

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers/ servers and peripheral devices.

SCSI is commonly used for hard disks and tape drives, but can also be connected to a wide range of other devices, including scanners and CD drives.

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Summary: Storage Essentials Hot spares are standby hard disk drives which are used as a backup

to automatically replace a disk when a failure occurs. Spare count is the number of the hard disk drives provided as backup disks.

Currently, there are many hard drive technologies being provided in the market which evolves from time to time. The most well known technologies are SATA, SCSI, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), and Fiber Channel.

SATA is the most commonly used technology today, especially at the end user level, e.g. computer device.

SCSI was commonly used for hard disks and tape drives, but can also be connected to a wide range of other devices, including scanners and CD drives. Currently, SCSI is widely used on servers and not on the end user client devices.

Summary

Storage Essentials

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Questions and Answers: Storage Essentials1. What is the benefit of providing a spare disk?

A. To enlarge the storage capacity when all disks have been used to store data.B. Ensure reliability by designating the spare disk as a standby/backup disk which will be used in

case of disk failure.C. To serve as additional disk for use when scheduled downloading is configured.D. To serve as part of a RAID when configured, for example, to save mirrored data for RAID 1.

2. Select the hard drive type(s) which offer the key advantages of full bandwidth to each connected device, hot plug capability, smaller connector, standardized connector placement and layout, simpler cabling, and longer cable length. (Choose all that apply)

A. SCSIB. SATAC. iSCSID. PATA

3. What are the benefits of using SATA hard disks when compared to IDE hard disks? (Choose all that apply)

A. Master/Slave selectionB. Smaller cable connectorC. SpeedD. Hot-pluggable


Storage Essentials

43

DCS – Storage

SAN Technologies

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SAN Technologies

SAN Technologies

After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following:1. Technologies built for Storage Area Network2. Details about FC SAN technologies and the required components to

implement it on the network3. Details about iSCSI technologies as well as its advantages and the

required components to implement iSCSI on SAN

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SAN Technologies Overview

Technologies lies behind the SAN

SAN Technologies

Technologies created for building a SAN are primarily based on either Fiber Channel or iSCSI technology.

The next few pages explain each of these technologies in greater detail.

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iSCSI TargetiSCSI Initiator

D-Link SAN

TCP/IP Protocol

PrivateLocal Network

SAN

Copper / Optical cabling for iSCSI connection

Ethernet Switch

D-Link SAN

iSCSI Technology

Fiber Channel Technology Overview Fiber Channel (FC) is a channel/network standard defined by the

Technical Committee T11, which is the committee within INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) responsible for Fiber Channel Interfaces

FC network contains network features that provide the required connectivity, distance, and protocol multiplexing.

Advantages of Fiber Channel*:• Solutions leadership• Reliable• Fast data transfer providing gigabit bandwidth up to 4Gbps• Multiple topologies• Scalable• Congestion free• High Efficiency• Full suite of services

* The information is taken from Fiber Channel Industry Association (http://www/fibrechannel.org)

Fiber Channel Technology

SAN Technologies

47

Basic Components of Fiber Channel SAN

Fiber Channel Technology

SAN Technologies

Storage devices supporting Fiber Channel Fiber Channel Switch (SAN fabric) Fiber Channel Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Cabling

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PrivateFiber Channel

SAN

Public Local Area Network

FC Host Bus Adapter FC Storage Media

Optical cabling for fiber channel connection

Fiber Channel Switch

iSCSI Technology Overview Definition of iSCSI (Internet SCSI)

• SCSI protocol which enables access to networked storage devices over a TCP/IP network (Ethernet network, WAN, Wireless network, etc)

Why iSCSI? – iSCSI Features• Error Handling

– Error checking using CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) methodology– When iSCSI detects errors it will bring down the session (all TCP connections

within the session) and restart it

• Boot • Discovery

Advantages of iSCSI• Connectivity over long distances • Lower costs• Easier implementation and management• Built-in security


SAN Technologies

49

Advantages of iSCSI over FC SAN


SAN Technologies

iSCSI is a better alternative to Fiber Channel SAN for the following reasons:• Built on stable and familiar standards providing easier implementation and

management• Ethernet transmissions can travel over the global IP network and therefore have no

practical distance limitation• Scalable • Creates a SAN with lower cost• Interoperability issue• Security issue

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Source : IDC 2006 Sept./Dec.

According to IDC, iSCSI market grows with an explosive record of about 108.4% every year. According to IDC, by 2010, iSCSI products will share more than 21% of the storage market.

72.8

108.4

10.3 17.3 16.2 16.7

020

4060

80100

120

Growth Percentage

iSCSI SAN FC SAN NAS

Product Category

Growth Percentage of iSCSI SAN, FC SAN, and NAS

Q2

Q3

iSCSI SAN Overview

Drive Interface Technologies

SAN Technologies

iSCSI SAN components consist of:• iSCSI Client/ Host (iSCSI initiator)

– A client device, for example, a server (or PC), which attaches to an IP network

– iSCSI Client initiates requests and receives responses from an iSCSI target

• iSCSI Target– A device that receives and processed

the iSCSI commands, for example, a storage device

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iSCSI Target

iSCSI Initiator

Server

D-Link SAN

TCP/IP Protocol

Summary: SAN Technologies iSCSI is a network protocol which enables access to storage devices

and network storage over TCP/IP networks. D-Link adopts the iSCSI protocol to be used in its D-Link SAN. iSCSI offers several benefits in comparison to Fiber Channel. These

include interoperability, scalability, security, cost, and distance limitation.

To implement iSCSI on the SAN, all the components must be provided: iSCSI initiator, iSCSI target, and Ethernet switch.

Summary

SAN Technologies

52

Questions and Answers: SAN Technologies1. What are the components needed when deploying Fiber Channel

SAN? (Choose all that apply)A. SCSI StorageB. SwitchC. Fiber Channel SwitchD. FC Host Bus Adapter

2. What component s not needed when deploying iSCSI?A. ServerB. iSCSI targetC. SwitchD. Fiber Channel Switch


SAN Technologies

53

DCS – Storage

D-Link SAN(Storage Area Network)

54

D-Link SAN (Storage Area Network)

D-Link SAN

After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following:1. Various D-Link SAN appliances and differences between each2. Each part of the hardware in the SAN3. Key selling points of D-Link SAN appliances4. Product positioning of D-Link SANs5. D-Link SAN product interoperability, caching behavior, and common

implementation architectures

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D-Link Storage Area Network

D-Link Products for Storage Area Network

D-Link SAN

DSN-2100 Series• DSN-2100-10

DSN-3200 Series• DSN-3200-10• DSN-3200-20

DSN-3400 Series• DSN-3400-10• DSN-3400-20

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xStack Storage with 8-port 1GE Copper for SATA-II Hard Drives in RAID Levels

0, 1, 1+0, and 5 (15 Trays)

xStack Storage with 1-port 10 GE Fiber for SATA-II Hard Drives in RAID Levels

0, 1, 1+0, and 5 (15 Trays)

xStack Storage with 4-port 1GE Copper for SATA-II Hard Drives in RAID Levels

0, 1, 1+0, and 5 (8 Trays)

Components of D-Link DSN-2100 Series

Components of D-Link SAN

D-Link SAN

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Removable Bezel

Key lock

Latch

Front Panel Components

Back Panel Components

Power LED Boot and Fault LED

Eight drive bays

Drive power LED Drive and Activity Fault LED

Front panel after the bezel has been removed

Power Supply

Management Port

Diagnostic Port

Host network connections

Power Switch

Reset Switch



D-Link SAN

58



Key lock

Removable Bezel

Power Switch Reset Switch

Host Network Connections

Diagnostic Port Management Port

Power Supply



D-Link SAN

59


Power Switch Reset Switch

Host Network Connections

Diagnostic Port Management Port

Power Supply


Key lock

Removable Bezel

Management Port and Diagnostic Port Management Port

• The management port is used to configure and manage D-Link’s xStack SAN from the PC, either directly connected to the SAN (using a Crossover cable) or connected to the SAN through the use of a hub or switch (using Straight-through cable).

• By connecting to this management port, the administrator can configure the D-Link SAN through the web GUI.

Diagnostic Port• The diagnostic port is a console port which uses a RS-232-to-DB-9 port

interface. This port can be used if you have direct physical access to the box and is accessed during startup.

• The diagnostic port performs all admin password resets, sets the download configuration parameters, and accesses the Enclosure Services Test Tool.


D-Link SAN

60

DSN-2100 Series

D-Link DSN-2100 Series

D-Link SAN

61

Hardware Specification

• Drive Bays: 8

• Drive Interface support: SATA-II

• Storage Capacity: 8TB capacity with 1TB hard drive

• System Memory: 256MB to 512MB (512MB standard)

• Cache Memory: 256MB to 4Gb (512MB standard)

• iSCSI Network Interface: four (4) 1GbE ports

iSCSI Network Interface

• Host Interface: iSCSI Draft 2.0 compliant initiator

• Connections: 1,024 Hosts

• Jumbo Frames support

• Link Aggregation support

• CHAP authentication

• Access control of management

• iSCSI/TCP/IP Full HW Offload

• VLAN Support (Up to 8 VLANs)

Storage Management

• Embedded IP-based Management GUI

• SMI-S version 1.1

Volume and RAID support

• Single RAID Controller (Integrated in ASIC)

• RAID support (Level 0, 1, 1+0, 5)

• Supports 1,024 Virtual Volumes (256 accessible per initiator)

• 1,024 target nodes

• Online capacity expansion

• Hot swappable drives

• Instant volume access

• Free space defragmentation

• Auto-detection failed drive

• Auto-rebuild spare drive

• RAID level migration

• Drive roaming-in power off

• Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T)

DSN-3200 Series


D-Link SAN

62





• Link Aggregation support





• QoS support (IETF DiffServ and IEEE 802.1P tag)

Storage Management




• Drive Bays: 15


• Storage Capacity: 15 TB capacity with 1TB hard drive

• System Memory: 512MB

• Cache Memory: 4GB

• iSCSI Network Interface: eight (8) 1GbE ports















DSN-3400 Series


D-Link SAN

6363


• Drive Bays: 15


• Storage Capacity: 15 TB capacity with 1TB hard drive

• System Memory: 512 MB

• Cache Memory: 4GB

• iSCSI Network Interface: one (1) 10GbE ports









• QoS support (IETF DiffServ and IEEE 802.1P tag)















Storage Management



Key Selling Points of D-Link SAN Block data transfer over TCP/IP network using iSCSI Highly integrated single chip solution Built-in RAID controller Built-in IP-SAN Device Manager (IDM) SATA-II support for the hard drive interface Various number of iSCSI interfaces which can be aggregated Jumbo Frame support increases performance up to 20-50%*

* Based on information from Storage Networking Industry Association

Market Analysis for D-Link SAN Products

D-Link SAN

64

Product Positioning for D-Link SAN The D-Link xStack Storage product family of iSCSI SAN solutions are

designed to address the growing high performance storage requirements brought about by the need for better application and database performance, infrastructure consolidation, and robust backup and disaster recovery solutions.

D-Link now aggressively addresses these storage requirements at the SMB and enterprise level users by leveraging existing iSCSI and Ethernet technologies and lowering the total cost of ownership for storage area networking solutions over more complex legacy Fiber Channel and slower Network Attached Storage (NAS) solutions. • DSN-2100/ DSN-3200 comes with Gigabit Copper interfaces and is

mainly targeted at SMB users.• DSN-3400 comes with 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces* and is mainly

targeted for enterprise users.

* DSN-3400 provides one 10GbE XFP transceiver interface (transceiver sold separately) accessed via the back panel.

Market Analysis for D-Link SAN Products

D-Link SAN

65

Storage Interoperability – SMI-S Storage Device

Storage Management Initiative – Specification (SMI-S) is a storage standard developed and maintained by Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA).

The main objective of SMI-S is to guarantee interoperability of storage devices among different vendors.

D-Link’s SAN series are all designed based on the standard SMI-S version 1.1.

D-Link SAN Implementation

D-Link SAN

66

Caching Operation The xStack storage unit contains cache memory for storing and

data. The xStack storage unit is capable of caching write operations.

Write-back caching saves the system from performing many unnecessary write cycles to the system RAM, so as to provide faster execution.


D-Link SAN

67

Basic iSCSI SAN Implementation


D-Link SAN

In the most basic iSCSI SAN deployment, application servers (iSCSI hosts) access their storage from an iSCSI target storage array.

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Private LAN Public LAN

……

iSCSI Target

iSCSI Host

Summary: D-Link SAN D-Link provides three series for its SAN appliance product line which

include DSN-2100, DSN-3200, and DSN-3400 series. D-Link DSN-2100 provides eight drive bays while D-Link DSN-3000

series provides 15 drive bays. Generally, all D-Link SANs must have the following components built in:

host network connections, management port, diagnostic port, power and reset switch button, power supply, and removable bezel.

D-Link SAN appliances are mainly targeted for SMB and enterprise level users who need better application and database performance, infrastructure consolidation, robust backup and disaster recovery solutions.

D-Link SAN series is guaranteed to be interoperable with other storage appliances from different vendors because of its achievement for SMI-S standard.

By default, all D-Link SANs will cache all write operations to prevent the storage from performing many unnecessary write cycles to the system RAM.

Summary

D-Link SAN

69

Questions and Answers: D-Link SAN1. What standard is used to guarantee the interoperability of storage

devices among different vendors?A. IEEEB. iSCSIC. SNIAD. SMI-S

2. Which of the following statement describe D-Link SAN?A. D-Link SAN supports PAP authentication to provide secure access to the

SAN.B. With D-Link SAN, using diskless server is possible because it can be

booted form the iSCSI SAN.C. D-Link xStack storage cache memory for storing data and writing

operations.


D-Link SAN

70

DCS – Storage

SAN Product Features Overview*

71

* All features are explained based on DSN-3000 Series.

SAN Product Features Overview


After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following:1. Tasks/activities that can be done by D-Link SAN2. Link aggregation and VLAN features supported in D-Link SAN3. TCP/IP offload engine4. CHAP authentication5. Volume virtualization6. Auto-Detection failed drive and volume rebuild features

72

Task The xStack Storage unit can automatically, or at the administrator’s

demand, perform activities that take time and consume the controller’s resources.

The administrator can control, to some degree, when tasks are to be performed. Any task can be suspended and resumed by the administrator. Some tasks can be cancelled and some can be scheduled on a recurring, periodic interval.

All tasks can have their priority changed, which controls the amount of resources the xStack storage unit devotes to a task.

The tasks/ activities that can be done by D-Link’s SAN are as follows: Volume initialization Volume rebuild* Volume expansion Media scanning Parity scanning

* Volume rebuild will be explained later along with explanation of auto-detecting failed drive

Volume Management


73

Volume Initialization Some volume organizations (e.g. parity) require initialization. The

initialization task performs this action. This task can be performed while an initiator is accessing (reading and writing) data. An initialization task can be suspended and resumed, but cannot be cancelled.

Initialization task consists of:• Making the volume XOR consistent• Detecting a read error• Recovering from read error

Volume Management


74

Volume Expansion

Volume Management


All D-Link SAN product series provide volume expansion to flexibly resize a logical drive.

75

300GB

200GB

Volume-1

Current size: 200GB

Expand to 300GB

100GB

The Volume-1 has been resized to a bigger size

Page is Animated

Parity Scanning

Volume Management


D-Link SAN provides parity volume scanning to check errors found in that selected volume.

This task reads every block in the volume to ensure parity is correct. If parity errors are found, this task corrects the errors.

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Storage Volume Information

Volume Management


Storage volume information provides comprehensive information about the storage volume allocation

Information that can be viewed in the storage volume information are:• Status of the attached drives (offline or online)• Volume Capacity• Volume type

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Event Log

Device Management


The event log tracks the xStack Storage’s information, warning, and error messages.

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Link Aggregation

iSCSI Features


Definition of Link Aggregation:• Link aggregation is a way to achieve double data rates by aggregating multi

physical links as one logical link. Key benefits of Link Aggregation (LAG):

• Improved performance• High data rates• Increased availability• Load sharing

79

Virtual LAN (VLAN) All D-Link Storage Area Networks support 802.1Q VLAN tagging to

segregate traffic into isolated zone for more secure access and to segment the broadcast domain.

D-Link SAN supports up to eight VLANs with 1-to-1 mapping between IP subnet and VLAN. Multiple VLANs per physical port with VLAN tag. All physical ports in LAG belong to same VLAN.

With this feature, a volume can be configured under a VLAN group so that it will only be accessible by clients under the same VLAN.

iSCSI Features


80

TCP/IP Offload Engine (TOE)

iSCSI Features


The major issue of IP storage is the high TCP/IP processing overhead, which constrains servers to performance levels that are unacceptable for block storage transport.

TCP/IP Offload is used for reducing the amount of TCP/IP processing handled by the microprocessor and I/O subsystem to help ease server networking bottleneck.

81

CHAP Authentication Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is a protocol

for authenticating peer-to-peer connection based on the sharing of a ‘secret’ known only to the authenticator and that peer.

CHAP authentication is supported in all D-Link SAN product series and is used when an initiator tries to connect to its target, and vice versa.

Characteristics of CHAP authentication: Unidirectional/ Bidirectional authentication Secret key is encrypted/ hashed using MD5 algorithm Three way handshake authentication

iSCSI Features


82

Volume Virtualization D-Link xStack storage virtualizes disk storage for use by a

customer's host computer (servers). Storage virtualization is the process of grouping together

independent storage devices found across a network to create what seems to be a single large storage entity that can be centrally managed.

Storage virtualization helps make the tasks of backup, archiving, and recovery easier, and in lesser time, by disguising the actual complexity of the SAN.

Benefits of virtualization:• High availability• Improve capacity utilization• Share resources between heterogeneous servers

Volume and RAID Support


83

Auto-Detection of Failed Drive & Volume Rebuild

When a drive in the storage array fails, the xStack storage will automatically detect the failed drive and substitutes it with the hot spare drive.

A spare drive is normally kept in the available pool, so that the drive will be available for use should another drive fails.

Volume rebuild is the activity that recovers data of a failed drive. In this case, data can be rebuilt if the storage system is mirrored

(RAID 1) or set for parity (RAID 5).• If the storage is mirrored, data will be recovered from the mirrored data

in the mirror disk.• If parity is created, data inside the failed drive will be recovered using

the existing data from active disks and the parity information.



84

Drive Roaming



D-Link SAN provides feature for safely moving drive in an array . If a drive in an array configured with RAID is accidentally removed, the

removed drive can still be recognized using this feature, as long as the drive is configured with RAID that provides fault tolerance (RAID 1 and RAID 5). This is known as drive roaming in power off.

85

Array configured with RAID 1

Drive-0 Drive-1

Removed

3 3

2

1

2

1

Steps to move the drives safely:• Turn off the array in which the removed drive belongs to• Plug the removed drive to any slot in the array• Reboot the array

Page is Animated

Self Monitoring and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T) D-Link SAN Series support Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting

Technology (S.M.A.R.T.), a technology designed to monitor the reliability of hard drives.

The purpose of S.M.A.R.T. is to warn a user or system administrator of impending drive failure while time remains to take preventative action — such as copying the data to a replacement device.

Features of S.M.A.R.T. technology include a series of attributes, or diagnostics, chosen specifically for each individual drive model. Attribute individualism is important because drive architectures vary from model to model.



86

Summary: SAN Product Features Overview (1) The xStack Storage unit can automatically, or at the administrator’s demand,

performs activities such as volume initialization, volume rebuild, volume expansion, media scanning, and parity scanning.

Volume initialization is performed when an initiator (i.e. server) is reading or writing data.

With D-Link SAN, the size of a volume can be flexibly expanded up to the maximum capacity of a storage.

Media scanning provided in the management console of all D-Link SAN products can be used to scan a JBOD, stripe, mirrored stripe, or mirrored stripe media volume for errors.

D-Link SAN provides parity volume scanning to check errors found in the selected volume.

Task Manager provides general information for all task activity running on the D-Link SAN.

Storage pool information provides comprehensive information about the storage. D-Link xStack Storage series accommodate a 6-cell shrink-wrapped battery pack

for backing up the buffer cache contents in case of power failure. D-Link SAN provides an event log feature that tracks the xStack Storage

informational, warning, and error messages To increase the data transfer performance and prevent bottleneck from occurring,

D-Link SAN is provided with link aggregation feature to double the speed performance, depending on the number of the aggregated links.

Summary


87

Summary: SAN Product Features Overview (2) All D-Link Storage Area Networks support 802.1Q VLAN tagging to

segregate traffic into isolated zone for more secure access. TCP/IP Offload is used to reduce the amount of TCP/IP processing

handled by the microprocessor and I/O subsystem to ease server networking bottleneck.

CHAP authentication provides secured and encrypted authentication mechanism, and is supported in all D-Link SAN product series. It is used when an initiator tries to connect to its target, and vice versa.

D-Link xStack storage virtualizes disk storage for use by a customer's host computer (servers) by grouping all storage devices found across a network to become a single large storage entity that can be centrally managed.

When a drive in the storage array fails, xStack storage will automatically detect the failed drive and substitute the failed drive with the hot spare drive.

S.M.A.R.T. is a technology supported in D-Link SAN series to monitor the reliability of hard drives and to warn a user or system administrator of impending drive failure while time remains to take preventative action

Summary


88

Questions and Answers: SAN Product Features Overview1. What tasks can be done by D-Link Storage Area Network? (Choose all that apply)

A. Volume InitializationB. Media ScanningC. Volume RebuildD. Error CorrectionE. Volume Shrinkage

2. What cannot be done when an administrator expands a volume and initializes a grow task?

A. Grow task deletionB. Grow task suspensionC. Grow task resumptionD. All of the above can be done when a grow task is initialized

3. What is the function of TCP/IP Offload Engine in D-Link SANA. To bypass requests coming from the client over the network when the storage’s

CPU is highB. To turn off the xStack storage when it detects the TCP/IP utilization is highC. To safely move drive in an array by turning off the unitD. To reduce the amount of TCP/IP processing handled by the microprocessor and I/O

subsystem



89

Questions and Answers:SAN Product Features Overview4. What is the function of disk virtualization provided by D-Link SAN?

A. To link multiple storage repositories to multiple clients and servers.B. To group all storage devices found across a network to become a single large

storage entity that can be centrally managed C. To create storage clustering that comprises master storage and slave

storage, where the slave serves as a backup of the masterD. To achieve double data rates by aggregating multi physical links as one

logical link.

5. What is the benefit of S.M.A.R.T.?A. Repair failed disk automatically by doing some diagnoses, analyze the main

cause of the error, and perform reparation process depends on the analysis result.

B. Provides 100% guarantee of disk failure prevention by regularly predicting each disk condition and provides maintenance to keep each disk in a good condition.

C. Failure anticipation by regularly monitor all hard disks and report on various indicators of reliability, with the hope of anticipating failures.

D. All of the above.



90

DCS – Storage

D-Link Network Attached Storage (NAS)

91



After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following: Various D-Link NAS appliances and differences between each of

them Key selling points of D-Link NAS appliances Functions and applications of D-Link NAS Product positioning of D-Link NAS

92

D-Link Network Attached Storage (NAS)DNS-313 • 1 Bay SATA Network Storage Enclosure

• Built-in iTunes, UPnP and FTP Server• May be used as USB 2.0 portable hard drive (become a DAS enclosure)

DNS-321 • 2 Bays SATA Network Storage Enclosure• RAID 1 support• Built-in iTunes, UPnP and FTP Server

DNS-323 • 2 Bays SATA Network Storage Enclosure• RAID 1 support• Built-in iTunes, UPnP, and FTP Server• USB port for connecting to printer

DNS-343 • 4 Bays STA Network Storage Enclosure• RAID 1, 5 support• Multi-Functional USB port

D-Link Products for Network Attached Storage


93

D-Link DNS-313



94

Device Interface• 1 Gigabit Ethernet port• 1 USB 2.0 port*

Supported Hard Drive Type• One 3.5-inches SATA

Standard Drive with capacity support up to 1.5 TB

Features• iTunes and UPnP AV server• Scandisk feature• Real-time backup• Email alerts• Permission settings for user

and group• Multi-language file name

support• Scheduled downloads from

web or FTP sites• Can be used as a USB 2.0

portable hard driveNetworking Features• DDNS• FTP • DHCP Server/ Client• NTP• HTTP/ HTTPS• CIFS/SMB

*USB port is used for connecting to a desktop or notebook as a USB2.0 portable drive.

D-Link DNS-321



95

Networking Features•DDNS•FTP / FTP over SSL/TLS•DHCP Server/ Client•NTP•HTTP/ HTTPS•CIFS/SMB•Jumbo Frames

Device Interface•1 Gigabit Ethernet port

Supported Hard Drive Type•Two 3.5-inches SATA Standard Drive with capacity support up to 1.5 TB

Drive Management•Multiple hard drive configurations (RAID 0, RAID 1, JBOD, Standard)•iTunes and UPnP AV server•Scandisk feature•User/ group Quota Management•File Sharing•Support RAID migration (non-RAID to RAID 1)

Device Management•Email Alerts•Power Management•Easy Search Utility•Multilingual support

D-Link DNS-323



96

Device Interface•1 Gigabit Ethernet port•USB port*

Features•4 different hard drive configurations (Standard, JBOD, RAID 0, RAID 1)•iTunes and UPnP AV server•Scandisk feature•Email alerts•Power management•Supports BitTorrent•USB port supports UPS monitoring and Print Server•Support RAID migration (non-RAID to RAID 1) Networking Features

•DDNS•FTP / FTP over SSL/TLS•DHCP Server/ Client•NTP•HTTP/ HTTPS•CIFS/SMB•Jumbo Frames

Supported Hard Drive Type•Two 3.5-inches SATA Standard Drive with capacity support up to 1.5 TB

*The USB port provided on D-Link DNS-323 is used to connect to the print server only

D-Link DNS-343



97

Networking Features•Jumbo Frame•DDNS•FTP / FTP over SSL/TLS•DHCP Server/ Client•NTP•HTTP/ HTTPS•CIFS/SMB

Device Interface•1 Gigabit Ethernet port•1 USB 2.0 port

Supported Hard Drive Type•Four 3.5-inches SATA Standard Drive with capacity support up to 1.5 TB

Drive Management•Multiple hard drive configurations (RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, JBOD, Standard)•iTunes and UPnP AV server•Scandisk•User/ group Quota Management•File Sharing

Device Management•UPS Monitoring•Email Alerts•Power Management•Easy Search Utility•Multilingual support•ADS support•Auto Power Recovery

OLED – Special Display on D-Link DNS-343 Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) is a LED screen that displays

information to enable the administrator to easily view and obtain the status and basic information of the DNS-343

Information that can be viewed from the OLED include:• System Information

– Hostname of the DNS-343– Firmware version– IP address of the DNS-343– Operating temperature

• Hard Drive Status– Space percentage used on the hard disk

• Server Status– Status of the printer server– Status of the UPnP AV server– Status of the iTunes server– Status of the FTP server



98

Key Selling Point of D-Link NAS File-sharing across the local network and Internet using FTP and

HTTPS Flexible options for array capacity, supporting up to 1.5TB Easy installation Users and Groups/Folder with Quota and permission rights (read/

write) management Appliance servers for network users (printer server, UPnP AV server,

etc) iTunes automatic discovery of music stored on the NAS Peer to Peer download client support

Market Analysis for D-Link NAS Products


99

D-Link NAS Functions and Applications Shares and backup files from

multiple clients Remote access via FTP Streams music, photos, and videos

from the NAS to a media player Shares printer on the LAN

Connects to UPS for monitoring function

Downloads shared files from the Internet using BitTorrent

Stores recorded video surveillance directly



100

Remote Client

(FTP: port 21) Obtains files stored in NAS

D-Link Multimedia Player

(UPnP AV)

UPSPrinter

Connects through USB port

(P2P Connection)

Download shared file using P2P connection

Product Positioning for D-Link NAS D-Link NAS products are suitable for home user, SOHO and SMB D-Link Network Storage Enclosures address the ever-growing data

storage requirements for multimedia and large data files for small to medium business users

Need for data consolidation and data sharing make this enclosure an ideal solution

Various RAID level support offers advanced data protection This versatile enclosure supports the latest SATA technology and

Gigabit Ethernet connectivity for best-in-class performance



101

Summary: D-Link Network Attached Storage (NAS)

D-Link provides four main models for its NAS appliance product line: DNS-313, DNS-323, DNS-321, and DNS-343.

All D-Link NAS appliances can be used to act as an iTunes server, UPnP server, FTP server, printer server, and for certain models, D-Link also supports added networking features such as a DHCP server, and advanced features such as quota management and DDNS, etc.

D-Link DNS-343 provides an added feature on the box, which is an OLED screen to show certain status information, such as system information, hard drive status, and the server appliance status.

D-Link NAS appliances are primarily targeted at home users, SOHO, or SMB users who want the benefits of network storage that is cost effective.

Summary


102

Questions and Answers:D-Link Network Attached Storage (NAS)1. Which model of D-Link NAS provides OLED screen feature on the box?

A. DNS-313B. DNS-323C. DNS-321D. DNS-343

2. What are the functions of D-Link NAS? (Choose all that apply)A. Easy RAID migration and adaptabilityB. Play music from iTunes software with the music stored in NASC. Stream music, photos and videos to a media serverD. Wireless access of data in the NAS via wireless client

3. Which RAID features are supported by D-Link DNS-323? (Choose all that apply)A. RAID 0B. RAID 1C. RAID 5D. RAID 10



103

DCS – Storage

NAS Product Features Overview*

104

*All features are explained based on the DNS-343 product

NAS Product Features Overview


After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following:1. What is the Easy Search Utility and the functions supported in this

feature2. What is the Configuration Wizard and what configuration tasks are

available to this wizard3. What is Email Alerts4. The characteristics of power management on D-Link NAS5. Function of Disk Diagnostic feature6. Purpose of user and group creation on D-Link NAS7. The function of quota management8. Appliance server roles with/without the use of USB port on D-Link NAS9. Remote Backup10.Peer-2-Peer (P2P) Downloads11.Volume/File sharing on D-Link NAS and scheduled downloading

105

Easy Search Utility

Managing the Device


Easy Search Utility is provided to help the users find the D-Link NAS on the network.

What D-Link Easy Search Utility can:

Discover and connect to D-Link NAS products.

Map drives Configure the IP of the NAS

106

Configuration Wizard

Managing the Device


107

Email Alerts With the email alerts feature supported in the D-Link NAS product series,

alerts can be sent to a specified user if certain operational conditions occur, such as the following:

• Information about space status• A volume is full• A hard drive has failed• Administrator password has been

changed• Firmware has been upgraded• System temperature has exceeded

the specified temperature*

Managing the Device


108

Power Management on D-Link NAS

Managing the Device


Power management offers a green feature on D-Link NAS products. With this feature, the administrator can configure the drives to shut down

after a specified idle time. The device will automatically power up when data is being accessed by the client.

109

Disk Diagnostic

Managing the Device


Scandisk activity can be performed to check if any error has occurred on the hard disk.

With this feature, all errors found will be listed with a description, along with the option to repair each of these errors.

Scandisk can be performed over selected volume.

110

User and Group Creation

User and Group Management


User and groups can be created and managed on the D-Link NAS product series.

The purpose of creating users and groups on the NAS product is to control user access to the storage and to control read/write privileges for specified folders on the network drives, or to setup FTP access rights.

111

Network Access



The Network Access feature is used to assign access rights to a user or a group for specific folders or volumes.

112

Quota Management



The D-Link NAS product series supports quota management for groups, folders, and individual users.

Assigning quotas to a groups, folders, or users will limit the amount of storage capacity allocated for them.

113

Quota Illustration



114

D-Link NAS

Robert

Volume-1

Quota limit for Robert is 1GB

Saves 600MB data to volume-1

Current available space for Robert is 1GB Data saved!!! Current available space for Robert is 400MB


Data saved!!! Current available space for Robert is 100MB


Saving Data Failed!!!

Quota Exceeded!!!

Page is Animated

FTP Server

Appliance Servers


The D-Link NAS product series are equipped with a built-in FTP Server. With this feature, data resources kept in the NAS can be accessed via FTP, both from the inside and outside network.

115

UPnP AV Server

Appliance Servers


UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) is a set of network protocols that allows devices to connect seamlessly and to simplify the implementation of networks in the home digital environment (data sharing, communications, and entertainment) and/or corporate environments.

UPnP AV (Audio and Video) servers store and share digital media, such as photographs, movies, and music to provide hardware-based media streaming services to UPnP AV compatible clients on the local network.

116

iTunes Server

Appliance Servers


D-Link NAS comes with a feature in which end users can listen to music from iTunes at their own desk with the music files stored in the NAS.

With this feature, the iTunes software will automatically detect the folder specified by the administrator. Therefore the administrator must specify a folder that contains a collection of songs stored on the NAS.

117

iTunes at the Client Side

Appliance Servers


118

Song library stored on the D-Link NAS is automatically detected using the iTunes

application on the client side

D-Link NAS

iTunes server feature is activated on the D-Link NAS

Play music from the NAS with iTunes

DDNS Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows the hosting of a server using a domain name

assigned with a dynamic IP address.• DDNS helps to deal with servers publishing IP addresses that constantly change

due to the use of dynamic IP addresses.• In the D-Link NAS product series, the DDNS feature can be used to make the NAS

accessible from a public network.

D-Link provides a utility for customers to use the DDNS service provided by www.dlinkddns.com (only 1 host may be created using the D-Link DDNS service).

Free DDNS service can also be obtained from www.dyndns.com.

Networking Features


119

Remote Backup

Networking Features


The D-Link NAS Remote Backup allows you to backup the files stored on the NAS to one or more remote NAS devices in order to prevent data loss in the event of a failure.

120

Peer-2-Peer (P2P) Download

Networking Features


The D-Link NAS P2P Downloads allows the user to share files and folders via torrents. This is a great way to share files with friends, colleagues, and family.

121

File Sharing D-Link NAS provides two ways to share files to all users over the

network Samba

• Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite that provides seamless file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients and allows interoperability between Linux/Unix servers and Windows-based clients.

• FTP For file sharing, D-Link also provides multilingual support for the

local user to easily share files without any difficulties.• Samba: Unicode• FTP Client:

– Croatian, Cyrillic (Kyrgyz Republic), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Traditional Chinese, Turkish.

Networking Features


122

Scheduled Downloading

Networking Features


The D-Link NAS Download Scheduling feature allows the administrator to set up a schedule for downloading folders or files, and backup sessions.

123

Print Server

USB Port Applications


The D-Link NAS can be directly connected to a printer to make the NAS become a print server.

124

Printer attached to the NAS can be accessed from the client side

UPS Monitoring

USB Port Applications


An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) can be directly connected to a D-Link NAS through the provided USB port.

The purpose of attaching the UPS to the NAS is to provide a way to safely shutdown the NAS in case of a power failure.

When a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is connected to the NAS, the Status screen hides the printer information and displays information about the UPS (such as, the manufacturer, product type, battery power status, and UPS status).

125

Summary: NAS Product Features Overview (1) The Easy Search Utility is a feature in D-Link NAS that helps make the

administrator's task easier by displaying all the D-Link NAS products found within the subnet. Besides providing NAS discovery, it can also be used to map drives and configure IP addresses.

To make device configuration easier, D-Link NAS provides a configuration wizard to perform the basic configuration of the device. This is useful for some users who are unfamiliar with configuring the device.

Email alerts is a feature which warns a specified user, usually the administrator, when certain conditions, as specified by the administrator, are encountered.

Power management is a feature designed to help cut down on the energy used by the NAS. With this feature the D-Link NAS will automatically shutdown after being idle for some specified amount of time.

D-Link provides the Disk Diagnostic feature which can be used to perform error checking on a disk. This is to ensure the integrity of the data stored on the disk.

Users and groups can be created and managed on the D-Link NAS to better control user access to the data stored on the NAS. Quotas can also be applied to users/groups/folders.

Summary


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Summary: NAS Product Features Overview (2) All D-Link NAS can be set to act as application servers serving

added functionality to its clients, such as to act as an iTunes server, UPnP server, FTP server, and print server.

Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is a feature which can be used to host a server using a dynamic IP address by giving the host a domain name so it is accessible by the public.

With a NAS appliance, file sharing over the network becomes much easier by sharing a volume all at once using the drive mapping feature. File sharing can also be done by using FTP or Samba.

The D-Link NAS appliance can be instructed to perform scheduled downloading from a specified URL.

An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) can be connected to a D-Link NAS through the provided USB port to provide a safe shutdown after a power failure.

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Questions and Answers:NAS Product Features Overview1. What is the function of the Easy Search Utility feature?

A. To search for files stored in the D-Link NAS based on keywords or file extensions.B. To find errors that have occurred on the D-Link NAS.C. To discover D-Link NAS products over the network.D. To search the activity history saved on the D-Link NAS.

2. What feature on D-Link NAS is used to check errors that have occurred in the hard disk?A. Scan DiskB. Media ScanningC. Parity ScanningD. Disk Scanning

3. How many concurrent users are allowed to access FTP in D-Link NAS?A. 1B. 4C. 10D. Unlimited

4. What are the purposes of USB port provided in D-Link NAS? (Choose all that apply)A. To make the NAS become a print server if connected to a printer from the USB port.B. To connect to iPod to synchronize music from the iPod to the NAS.C. To connect to a USB scanner so it can scan a file directly.D. To connect to a UPS to enable a safe shut down upon power failure.



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Questions and Answers:NAS Product Features Overview5. What feature must be used to publish a D-Link NAS for public access when it is

assigned a dynamic IP address rather than a static IP address?A. DNSB. FTP ServerC. D-Link UPnP AV ServerD. DDNS

6. What are the appliance server functions supported by D-Link NAS? (Choose all that apply)

A. iTunes ServerB. DNS ServerC. FTP ServerD. Web ServerE. UPnP AV Server

7. What is the method used to share files on the D-Link NAS if using remote access?A. DNSB. FTPC. TelnetD. SSH



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DCS – Storage


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After this section, you should gain more knowledge of the following:1. NAS application for sample reference2. SAN application for sample reference

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NAS Application for SMB Environment

NAS Applications


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Wireless Router

The USB port can be attached to a UPS or USB Printer

DNS-343

Wireless Clients

Wireless LANWired LAN

Guest-1

Guest-2

Employee-1

Employee-2

Printer is shared by the NAS, therefore can be accessed over the network

SAN Application for Server Clustering

SAN Applications


Server clustering is a group of servers running the same application as a single virtual server.

Server clustering prevents a single point of failure. If a server is goes down, another server will replace it and take the role of the primary server.

In this scenario, the clustered servers share the same disks in the SAN.

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Clustered Email Servers Clustered ERP Servers

Goes to Public Network

iSCSI SAN

Tape Libraries

SAN Application for Monitoring Purposes

SAN Applications


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Links are aggregated

Gigabit Ethernet Switch

Gigabit Ethernet Switch

SAN Storage

Video Server with iSCSI initiator

Wired Video Cameras

Wireless Camera

Wireless Camera

D-Link Wireless N Router

Video Post Processing

Server

Recorded videos from all cameras are stored directly into the SAN storage

Backup Storage

[storage] version 1.2. course outline introduction to network storage raid technologies storage...

Documents

attachment interface

scsi interface

intelligent interface

storage evolutionsintroduction

portable storage

storage unit

packet interface extension

ansi x3