S TO RY O F /E N EA S

M. CLARKE

A UTHOR OF S T OR Y OF TR OY,

” ! STORY OF C /E SAR .

NEW YO RK C INC INNAT I CHIC AGO

AMERICAN BO O K CO MPANY

3 76 6IfCO PYR IGHT,1898, BY

AM ER ICAN BOOK COM PANY .

S tory of JE neas.

W . P . I

C O N T E N T S .

I NTRODUCT ION 1. VERG IL,THE PR INCE OF POET S

I I . THE GODS AND GODDE S SE S

I . THE W OODEN H OR SE

I I . [ENEAS LEA'

VE S TROY— THE H ARP IE S— PRO PHE SY OF HEL

E N Us— T H E G IANT POLYPHEMU SA GREAT STORM — ARR IVAL IN CARTHAGE

f/ IV . D IDO ’S LOVE— THE F UNERAL GAME S— SH IP S BURNED BY

THE W OMEN

THE S IBYL OF CUM/E — THE GO LDEN BOUGH IN THE

REGION S O E THE DEADE NEAS ARR IVE S IN LATI UM W ELCOMED BY K ING LAT INU SALL IANCE W ITH EVANDER VULCAN MAKE S ARMS FOR

fE N E A S THE F AMOU S SH IELDTURNU S ATTACK S T H E TROJAN CAMP N I SU S AND EURYALU STHE COUNC IL OF THE GOD S RETURN O F ZE N E A S BATTLE

ON THE SHORE DEATH OF PALLASF UNERAL OF PALLAS AZN EA S AND‘

T URNU S F IGHT TUR

N US IS SLA IN

INTRODUCTION .

I . VERG IL , T HE PRINCE OF LATI N POETS .

T HE story of fE -ne’as,as related by the Roman

poet Ver’gi l i n h is cel ebrated poem cal l ed the

fE -ne’ id,which we are to tel l about in thi s book, i s

one of the most interesti ng of the myths or legendsthat have come down to us from anci ent authors .Vergi l l ived in the time of the Roman Emperor

A u-gus’tus (63 B . c . I4 A . grand-nephew and

successor of J u’l i-us Ca’sar. Augustus and his

ch ief counsel lo r o r m i n i ste r M ae-ce’nas , gave greatencouragement to learn i ng and l earned men ,

and

under the i r l iberal patronage arose a number of

em i nent writers to whose works has been given thename of classi cs , as bei ng of the h ighest rank or

class. The period is known as the Augustan Age,

a phrase al so used i n reference to peri ods in theh istory of other countri es , i n wh ich l i te rature reached

i ts h ighes t perfection . Thus the re ign of QueenAnne ( 1702 1 7 14) i s cal led the Augustan age ofEngl i sh l i terature , because of the number of l i terary

[7]

8

menwho flouri shed in England in that period , andthe excellence of the i r works .Vergi l was the greatest of the poets of anc i en t

Rome , and wi th the exception of Ho’mer,the

greatest of the poets of antiqui ty . From a very

early period , almost from the age in W h ich he l ived,

he was cal l ed the P rince of Lat in Poets . His fullnam e was Pub’l i -us Ver-gi l’ i -us Ma

’ro . He wasborn about seventy years before Chri st

,i n the Vil

lage Of An’des (now Pi -e’to-le) , near the town Of

M an’tu-a i n the north of I tal y.

i

His father was the

owner Of a smal l estate , which he farmed h imself.Though of moderate m eans , he gave h is son a goodeducation . Young Vergi l spent h is boyhood at

school at C re-mo’na andMilan . He completed hisstudies at Naples , where he read the Greek and

Lat i n authors, and acquired a knowledge of mathe

matics, natural ph i losophy, and medical sc ience .

He afterwards returned to Mantua,andresided there

for a few years , enj oying the quiet of country l ife at

the fam i ly homestead .

About this time the Emperor Augustus was

engaged in a war agai nst a powerful party of hisown countrymen , l ed by a famous Roman named

Bru’

tusQ I n the year 42 B . C .

’

he defeated Brutus i n

a great ba ttl e , which put an end to the war. He

afterwards rewarded many of his troops by divid ing

9

among them lands in the ne ighborhood of Mantua,

andin other parts of I taly , d ispossess ing the owners

for having S i ded wi th h is enem i es . Though Vergi l

had taken no part in the struggle , his farm was

al l otted to one of the imperial so ld i e rs . But th is

was the beginn i ng of h is greatness . Through thefri endship Of the governor Of Mantua, he was i n tro

duced to M eecenas, and afte rwards to Augustus , whogave orders that h is property should be restored

to him .

Thus Vergi l becam e known to the first men Of

Rome . He expressed his grati tude to the emperor

in one of a series Of poems cal l ed Pastorals‘

or

E u-col’ i cs,words which mean shepherds ’ songs , o r

songs descrip tive of l i fe i n the country . These

poem s,though among Vergi l ’s earl i est productions ,

were h ighly applauded i n Rome . They were so

much esteem ed that portions Of them were rec i ted

i n the theatre i n! the author’s presence , and the

audience were so del ighted that they all rose to thei r

feet , an honor which i t was customary to pay only to

Augustus h imself. Vergi l al so wrote a poem cal ledthe Geor’gics , the subj ec t of which is agri cul ture ,the breeding of cattl e , and the cul ture of bees .This i s said to be the most perf ect in fini sh of

all Lat in composi tions . The [ Eneid is,however,

regarded as the greatest Of Vergi l ’s works . The

IO

wri ting Of i t occupi ed the last eleven years of the

poet’s l ife .Vergi l d ied at B run-di’si-um , i n s outh I taly, i n

the fifty-first year of his age. He was buri ed nearNaples , by the s ide of the pub l i c road , a few m i l es

outside that c i ty , where what i s said to be his tomb

i s sti l l to be seen . O f h is character as a man weare enabled to form an agreeable idea from all thati s known about him . He was modest , gentl e and

of a remarkable sweetness of d i sposi ti on. Althoughl iving in the h ighest soc i ety whil e in Rome , he neverforgot h is O l d fri ends . He was a dutiful and affec

tionate son , and l iberal ly shared his good fortunew i th hi s aged parents .A S a poet , Vergi l was not only the greatest that

Rome produced , but the most popular. His poems ,parti cularly the fE neid, were the favori te read ing ofh is countrymen. They becam e a text-book in theRoman schools . The ! l i ttl e Romans , we are told ,

studied the fE neid from the i r mas ter’s d i c tation,

andwrote composi t ions upon i ts heroes . A nd not

alone in I taly but throughout the world whereverlearn ing extended , the fE neid became popular, andhas retai ned i ts populari ty down to our own time ,being stil l a text-book i n every school where Latinis taught.

There are many excel lent translations of the

I I

fE neid intO‘

Engl ish . I n th is book we make

numerous quotat ions from the translati on by theEngl i sh poet D ryden

,and from the late r work by

the em inent Lat i n scholar Conington.

SPELL ING OF THE POET’

S NAM E .

T H E spel l ing of the p oet ’s name adopted in th i s book i snow bel ieved to be preferab le t o the form V z

'

rgil wh ich hasfor a l ong t ime been in common use. Many of the bes tLat in scho lars are of Op in i on that the proper spel l ing i sVergi l from the

‘ Lat in Vergilius, as the poet h imsel f wrotei t . A s to the fact

,

” say s P rofess or Fr ieze,

! that the poetcal led h imsel f Vergilius, scho lar s are now un i versal ly agreed .

I t i s the form found in all the ear l iest manu scr i p t s and

inscr i p t i ons . In E ngland and Amer ica the corrected Lat inform i s u sed by all the bes t au thor i t ies ."

I I . THE GODS A N D GODDES SES .

I t is said that Vergi l wrote the fE neid at therequest of the Emperor Augustus , whose fam i lythe J u’l i -i— claimed the honor Of be ing descended

from fE neas, through his son I-u’l us or J u’l us . All

the Romans, i ndeed , were fond of claim ing descentfrom the heroes whom trad i t ion told Of as havinglanded i n I tal y wi th fE neas after escaping from the

ruins of Troy. The c i ty Of Troy, or I l

’i -um , so celebrated i n anc ient song andstory , was si tuated on thecoast of Asia Minor, not far from the entrance toW hat i s now the S ea Of Mar’mo-ra. I t was besi egedfor ten years by a vast army of the Greeks (natives

12

of Greece or H el ’las) under one of thei r k i ngs cal l edA g

-a-mem’

non . Homer, the greatest of the anci ent

poets, tel l s about this S i ege in h i s famous poem ,the

I l’ i-ad. We shal l see later on how the siege wasbrought to an end by the capture and destructionOf the c i ty, as wel l as how fE neas escaped , andwhatafterwards happened to him and his compan ions .Meanwhi le we must learn som eth i ng about the

gods and goddesses who play so importan t a part

i n the story. At almost every stage Of the adven

tures Of fE neas, as Of the adventures of all ancient

heroes , we find a god o r a goddess control l ing or

d i recti ng affai rs , or i n some way m ixed up wi th the

course of events .

According to the rel igion of the anc ient Greeks

and Romans there were a great many gods . Theybel i eved that all parts Of the universe— the heavens

and the earth , the sun and the moon , the seas and

rivers, and storms— were ruled by different gods .

Those be ings i t was supposed , were in some respectsl ike men andwomen . They needed food anddri nk

and S l eep ; they married andhad ch i ldren ; and l ikepoor mortal s they often had quarrel s among them

selves . Thei r food was am -bro’si-a,which gave them

immortal i ty and perpetual youth , and the i r dri nk

was a del ic ious wine cal l ed nectar .The gods Often visi ted men . and even accepted

I3

thei r hospi tal i ty. S om etimes they married humanbei ngs , and the sons Of such marriages were thedem igods or heroes Of antiqui ty . [ Eneas was one

Of those heroes , h is mother bei ng the goddessVe’nus

, of whom we shal l hear much in the course

Of our S tory .

Though the gods never d ied , be ing immortal , they

m ight be wounded and suffer bodi ly pai n l ike men.

They Often took part in the quarrel s and wars ofpeople on earth , and they had weapons and armor,after the manner Of earth ly warriors . But theywere vastl y superior to men i n strength and power.They could travel through the sk i es , or upon land

or ocean , with the speed of l ightning, and they couldchange themselves i nto any form , or make themselves vi sibl e or i nvis ib l e at pleasure .The usual residence of the princ ipal gods was

on the top of Moun t O - l ym’pus , i n Greece . Herethey had golden palaces and a chamber where theyheld grand banquets at which cel estial music wasrendered by A -

pOl’

lO ,the god Of m i nstrelsy, and

the Muses , who were the d ivin i ties of poetry and

song.

S plendid templ es were erected to the gods i n all

the ch i ef c i ti es,where they were worsh iped with

many ceremonies . Val uable gifts i n gold andsi lverwere presented at the i r Shri nes , and at the i r al tars

I4

animal s were ki l l ed and portions of the flesh burnedas sacrifices . S uch Offeri ngs were thought to bevery pleas ing to the gods .The

'

head or k i ng of the gods was J u'pi-ter, al socal led J ove or Z e us . He was the great Thunderer ,at whose word the heavens trembled.

H e,whose all consc i ou s eyes the wor ld beho ld

,

T he eternal Thunderer sat enthroned in go ld .

High heaven the fo otstool o f h i s feet he makesA nd wide beneath him all O lympu s Shakes .

H OM ER , Iliad, BOOK V I I I .

The wife Of J upi ter, and the queen of heaven ,was J u’no , who , as we shal l see , persecuted the hero

fE neas with ! unrelenting hate . N ep’tune , repre

sented as bearing in h is hand a trident , or three

pronged fork ,was the god Of the sea.

Neptune, the m i gh ty mar ine god,

E arth ’s mover,and the fru i t les s ocean’s k ing.

H OM ER .

Mars was the god of war, and Plu'to , often cal l ed

D i s or Ha’des, was the god of the lower or

! i nfe r

nal regions , and hence al so the,

god of the dead .

O ne of the most glorious and beauti ful of the gods

was Apol lo, god of the sun , of med ic i ne , music ,poetry, and all fine arts .

Br i ght -bair ’d Apo l l o ! — thou who ever art

A b less ing to the wor ld — whose m i ghty heart

Dr aw n by B lash/ield.

A ROMAN AUGUR.

16

Forever pours ou t l ove,and l ight

,and l i fe ;

Thou,at whose glance

,all th ings of earth are r i fe

With happ iness .P IKE .

A nother of the famous divi ni ties Of the anc i ents

was Venus, the goddess of beauty and love .

According to som e Of the myths she was the daughter of J upi ter . O thers say that she sprang from thefoam Of the sea.

These and countl e ss other imaginary beings werebe l i eved in as de i ti es under the rel igi ous system Of

the ancient Greeks and Romans , and every unusualor strik ing event was thought to be caused by some

god or goddess .The wil l of the gods, i t was supposed , was made

known to men in different ways by dream s, by the

fl ight Of b i rds,or by a direct message from O lym

pus . Very often i t was learned by consul ti ngseers

,augurs or soothsayers. These were persons

bel i eved to have the power of prophecy . There

was a famous temple Of Apol lo at Delph i , in Greece ,where a pri estess cal l ed Pyth

’

i-a gave answers,'

or

oracl es , to those who cam e to consul t her. The

nam e oracl e was al so appl ied to the place where suchanswers were rece ived . There were a great many

oracles in anc ient t imes , but that at Delph i was the

most celebrated .

ST O R Y O F /EN EA S

I . T H E W OODE N HORSE .

T H E gods , of course,had m uch to do wi th the

siege andfal l Of Troy,as wel l as wi th the sufferings

Of fE neas, which Vergi l describes in the fE neid.

There were gods and goddesses on both sides in

the great con fl i c t . S ome were for the Tro’jans ,others for the Greeks , and some had the i r favori tesamong the he roes andwarrio rs who fought on one

side or the other . Two very powerful goddesses,

J uno and Mi -ner’va (the goddess of wisdom,al so

cal l ed Pal ’las) , hated the Trojans because of thefamous ! j udgm en t Of Pa’ri s

,

” which came about i nth i s wayA king Of A thens named Pe’leus marri ed a beau

tiful sea-nymph named The’tis . All the gods andgoddesses were present at the wedding feast exceptE

’ri s , the goddess of d iscord . S he was no t invi ted,

and being angry on that account, She resolved to

cause dissension among the guests . With th i sSTO . OF AENEAS 2 [I7]

I8

Obj ec t she threw i nto!

the m idst of the assemb ly agolden apple bearing the inscription

,

! For the most

beautiful . Immed iately a dispute arose as to whichof the goddesses was enti tl ed to the prize

,but at

last all gave Up the i r claim except J uno , Venus , andMinerva,

and they agreed to leave the settl ement Ofthe question to Pari s , son of P ri

’

am,Kinga

of Troy,a young prince who was noted for the wisdom ofhis

j udgmen ts upon several o ccasions.The three goddesses soon afterwards appeared

before Pari s,and each endeavored by th e Offer Of

tempti ng bribes,to induce him to decide in her

favor. J uno prom i sed him great power andweal th .

She to Par i s madeProffer o f royal p ower, ample ru leUnquestion

’

d.

T ENNYSON .

Minerva Offe red m i l i tary glory, and Venus promi sed that she would give him the most beautifulwoman in the world for h is wife . After heari ng

thei r claim s and prom i ses , Pari s gave the apple toVenus. This award or j udgment brought upon

him and his fam i ly, andall the Trojans, the hatred of

the two Other goddesses , particularly of J uno , who ,be ing the queen of heaven ,

had expec ted that thepreference

, as a matter of course , would be gag) ;to her.

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sai l , as if wi th the purpose of return ing to Greece .

But they went no further than Ten’e-dos, an i slandopposi te Troy, a few m i l es from the coast.

! There was their fleet concealed . W e thought for GreeceThei r sai l s were ho i sted

,and our fears release .

T he Trojans,cooped wi th in the ir wal l s so l ong

,

Unbar their gates and i s sue in a throngL i ke swarm ing bees

,and wi th del i gh t su rvey

T he camp deserted,where the Grec ians lay :

T he quar ter s of the several ch iefs they sh owedHere Phoe’nix

,here Ach i l les

,made abode ;

Here j o ined the batt les ; there the navy rode.

Part on the p i le their wander ing eyes empl oyT he p i le by Pal las rai sed to ru in Troy .

”

DRYD EN , E nez’

a’

, BOOK I I .

T he Trojans when they saw the b ig horse,could

not th ink what i t m ean t , or what should be donewi th i t . Various Opin ions were given . S omethought i t was a peace Offering , andone chief proposed that it should be dragged wi thin the wal l s

and placed in the c i tadel . O thers advised that i tshould be cast into the sea

, or set on fire,or at l east

that they ought to burst i t Open to find whether

anyth ing were conceal ed wi th i n . While they were

thus d iscuss ing the matter,some urgi ng one course ,

some another,the pri est La-oc’o-

‘

On rushed out from

the c i ty fol l owed by a great crowd , and heexclaimed in a l oud voice : U nhappy fel l ow-coun

2 I

trymen ,what madness i s th i s ? Are you so fool i sh

as to suppose that the enemy are gone , or that anyoffering Of the i rs can be free from deception ? E i therGreeks are hidden in th i s horse , or i t i s an engine

designed for some evi l to our c i ty. Put no fai th ini t

,Trojans. Whatever i t i s, I fear the Greeks even

Thus speaking , LaocoOn5when they tender gi fts . ’

hurled h is spear into the horse ’s S ide .

Hi s m i ghty spear he cast

Q u i ver ing i t s tood : t he sharp reboundShook the huge m onster : and a soundThrough all i t s caverns passed .

CON INGTON , E nez’

d,BOOK I I .

But at th i s point the attention Of the m ul ti tudewas attracted by the appearance Of a group OfTrojan shepherds dragging along a prisoner wi thhi s hands bound behind h i s back , who , they said ,haddel ivered h imsel f up to them of h i s own accord .

Being taken before K i ng P riam ,and questi oned as

to who he was andwhence he came,the stranger

told an artful story. He was a Greek, he said , and

his name was S i ’non . H is countrymen had longbeen weary Of the war, and had often resolved to

return home , but were h indered by storms frommaki ng the attempt. And when the wooden horsewas buil t , the tempests raged and the thunderrol led more than ever.

22

Chiefly when completed stoodTh i s hor se

,compact Of map le wood

F ierce thunders,peal ing in our ears

,

Proc laimed the turmo i l O f the spheres .

CON INGTON,E nez

‘

a’

,BOO K I I .

Then the Greeks sent a messenger to the shrineof Apol lo to inqui re how they m ight Obtai n a safepassage to thei r country. The answer was that thel ife Of a Greek m ust be sacrificed on the al tar Of the

god . All were horror-stricken by this announcem ent

,for each feared that the doom m ight fal l

upon h imself.

Through every heart a Shudder ran,

Apol l o ’s v ict im — who the man ?’

CON INGTON , z E nez'

d, BOOK I I .

The sel ection of the person to be the victim was

l eft to Cal’chas , the soothsayer, who fixed upon

S inon ,and preparations were accord ingly made to

sacrifice him on the al tar Of Apollo , but he contrived

to escape and conceal h im self unti l the Grec ian

fleet had sai l ed .

I fled,I own i t

,from the kn i fe

,

I broke my band s and ran for l i fe,

A nd in a mar i sh lay that n i ghtWh i le they sh ou ld sai l

,i f sai l they m i ght .CON INGTON , E nez

‘

a’

, BOOK I I .

Th is was S inon ’s story . The Trojans bel ieved i t

23

andK ing Priam ordered the prisoner to be rel eased ,and prom i sed to give him protection in T roy .

! Buttel l me,

” said the king, ! why d id they make th i shorse ? W as i t for a rel igious purpose or as an

engine of war ? The treacherous S inon answered

that the horse was intended as a peace Offering tothe gods ; that i t had been bui l t on the advice Of

Cal chas , who had di rected that i t Should be madeOf immense S i ze so that the Trojans should not beable to drag i t within the i r wal ls , ! for,

” said he,

i f the men of Troy do any i nj ury to the gift , evi lwil l com e upon the kingdom of Priam

,but if they

bring i t into the i r c i ty,all Asia wil l make war

against Greece, and on our ch i ldren wil l come the

destruction which we would have brought upon

Troy.

”

The Trojans bel i eved th is story al so, and the i rbel i ef was strengthened by the terrible fate which

j ust then befel l Laoco'

on, who a l i ttl e before hadpierced the side of the horse wi th his spear. Whilethe pri est and his two sons were Offering a sacrifice

to N eptune on the shore , two enormous serpents

suddenly i ssued from the sea andsei zed andcrushed

them to death in sigh t of the peopl e . The Trojans

were fil l ed wi th fear and aston i shment at th i s spectacle , and they regarded the event as a punishmentfrom the gods upon Laoco '

on

24

W ho dared t o harm with imp i ou s steelThose p lank s Of consecrated deal .

CON INGTON , E nez’

d,BOOK I I .

Then a cry arose that the ! peace Offering shouldbe conveyed into the c i ty, and accordingly a greatbreach was made in the wal l s that for ten years hadres i sted all the assaul ts of the Greeks , and by m eansOf rol l ers attached to i ts fee t, and ropes ti ed aroundi ts l imbs

,the horse was dragged into the c i tadel

,the

young men and maidens singing songs Of tri umph .

But i n the m idst of the rej o ic ing there were portentsOf the approach ing evil . Four times the huge figurehal ted on the threshold of the gate

,and four times

i t gave forth'

a sound from with i n , as i f Of the clash

of arms.

Fou r t imes ’twas on the thresho ld stayedFour t imes the arm or c lashed and brayed .

Y et on we press w ith pass i on b l ind ,A l l forethought b l o tted from our m ind

,

Ti l l the dread monster we instal lWi th in the temple’s tower -bu i l t wal l .

CON INGTON, E nez

’

d,BOOK

The prophetess Cas-san’dra, too , the daughter ofK i ng Priam ,

had warned her countrymen Of thedoom that was certai n to fal l upon the c i ty if the

horse were adm i tted . Her warn ing was, however,d i sregarded . The fateful gift of the Greeks was

2 5

placed i n the ci tadel , andthe Trojans , th inking thatthei r troubles were now Over, and that the enemy

had departed to return no more , spent the rest Of the

day in feasting and rej o ic ing.

But in the dead of the n igh t, when they were all

sunk in sleep , the Greek fleet sai l ed back fromTenedos

,and on K i ng Agamemnon ’s ship a bright

l ight was shown ,which was the signal to the fal se

S i non tO ‘

complete h is work Of treachery . Quicklyhe unlocked the horse ” and forth from the i r h iding

place cam e the armed Greek warriors . Amongthem were the famous U-lys

’

ses, andN e-Op- tol’e-mus,

son of the brave Ach i l l es , and M en-e- la’us , husband of the celebrated Hel’en whom Pari s , son of/

Priam , had carried O ff from Greece , which was the

cause of the war . U l ysses andh is compan ions thenrushed to the wal l s , and after slaying the sentinels

,

threw Open the gates of the c i ty to the mai n body ofthe Greeks who had by th is time landed from the i rsh ips. Thus Troy was taken .

A nd the l ong baffled legi ons,burst ing in

Through gate and bast i on,b l unted sword and spear

With unres i sted S laughter .

L EW IS M ORR I S .

Meanwhi le fE neas/sleeping i n the house of h isfather , A n-chi

’

ses, had a dream i n which the ghost

Of Hector appeared to him,shedding abundant tears

,

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and d i sfigured with wounds as when he had beendragged around the wal ls of Troy behind the chariot

Of the vic torious Ach i l les . In a mournful voice,

fE neas, seem i ng to forget that Hector was dead ,inqui red why he had been so long absen t from the

defense Of his native c i ty, and from what d i stantshores he hadnow returned . But the sp iri t answeredonl y by a solemn warn i ng to fE neas, the ! goddessborn (being the son of Venus) to save himself byimmediate fl ight .

O goddes s -born escape by t imely fl i ght,

T he flames and horror s O f th i s fatal n i ght .T he foes al ready have posses sed the wal lTroy nod s from h igh

,and totters t o her fal l .

E nough is paid to Pr iam ’s royal name,

M ore than enough t o du ty and t o fame.

I f by a mortal hand my father’s throne

Cou ld b e defended,

’twas by m ine al one.

N ow Troy to thee commend s her fu ture state,

A nd gives her god s compan i ons of thy fateFrom their as s i stance

,happ ier wal l s expect

,

Which,wand

’

ring l ong, at las t thou shal t erect .D RYD EN

,E nez

’

d,BOO K I I .

Awaking from his sl eep,fE neas was startled by

the clash of arm s and by cri es of battl e , which he

now heard on all sides . Rush ing to the roof Of the

house and gaz ing around , he saw the palaces of

many of the Trojan princes i n flames , and he heard

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28

Whi le scarce our sent inel s res i st,

A nd batt le in the fl icker ing m i s t .CON INGTON E nez

’

a’

,BOOK 11.

As Panthus ceased speaking , several Trojanchie fs came up , and eagerly j oined fE neas in resolv

ing to make a last desperate attempt to save thei rnative c i ty. Together they rushed into the th ick ofthe fight . S om e were slain

,and som e with [ E neas

succeeded in forc ing thei r way to the palace of K ingPriam , where a fierce struggle was then raging.

Entering by a secre t door,fE neas cl imbed to the

roof,from which he and the other brave defenders

of the palace hurl ed stones and beam s Ofwood uponthe enemy below . But all thei r hero ic efforts werei n vain . In front of the princ ipal gate , batteri ngupon i t wi th h is huge battl e-axe,

stood Neoptolemus

(al so cal l ed Pyr’rhus) the son of Achil l es . S oon i ts

posts,though plated with bronze , gave way before

h is m ighty strokes,and a great breach

'

was made,

th rough which the Greeks poured into the stately!

hal l s of the Trojan king. Then there was a scene

of wild confusion and terror.

T he hou se i s fi l led wi th l oud lament s and cr iesA nd shr ieks O f women rend the vau l ted Sk ies .

DRYDEN,E nez

’

d,BOOK I I .

The aged king when he saw that the enemy was

beneath his roof, put on his armor ! long d i s used,

”

29

and was about to rush forth to meet the foe, butHec

’

u-ba, h is queen ,persuaded him to take refuge

with her i n a court of the palace i n which were

placed the al tars of thei r gods . Here he was shortlyafterwards cruel ly slai n by Pyrrhus .

Thu s Pr iam fel l,and shared one common fate

With Troy in ashes,and h i s ru ined state

H e,who the scepter of all A s ia swayed

,

Whom monarchs l ike domest ic S laves obeyed .

D RYDEN , E nez‘

d,BOOK I I .

There be ing now no hope to save the ci ty, thethoughts of fE neas turned to his own home where

he had le ft h i s father Anch ises,hi s wi fe Cre-u’

sa

(daughter of K i ng Priam) and h is son I ulus (also

named As-ca’

n i-us) . Mak ing his way th i ther wi th

the purpose of provid ing for thei r safe ty,he espied

Hel en ,the ! common scourge Of Greece and Troy ,

s i tt ing in the porch of the temple of the goddessV es’ta. Enraged at the sigh t of the woman who .

had been the cause of so many woes to h is country,

[ E neas was about to slay her on the spot,but at

that moment h is mother Venus appeared to him i nthe m idst Of a bright l ight .

Great in her charm s,as when on god s abov e

S he l ook s . and breathes her sel f into thei r l ove .

DRYDEN , E nez’

a’

, BOOK I I .

30

Taking the hero by the hand as he was i n the actof rai s i ng h is sword to strike Helen , the goddessthus rebuked him :

! What i s i t that exc i tes youranger now,

my son ? Where i s your regard for me ?

Have you forgotten your father Anch i ses and your

wife and l i ttl e son ? They would have been ki l ledby the Greeks i f I had not cared for them and savedthem . I t i s not Helen or Paris that has laid low

this great c i ty of Troy , but the wrath Of the gods .S ee now, for I wi l l take away the m is t that coversyour mortal eyes ; see how N eptune with hi s trident

i s overthrowing the wal l s and rooting up the c i ty

from i ts foundations ; and how J uno stands withspear and sh ield in the S cae’an Gate , and cal l s fresh

hosts from the sh ips ; and how Pal las si ts on theheight wi th the storm-cloud about her ; and howFather J upi ter him self sti rs up the enemy agai nstTroy. F ly

,therefore

,my son . I myself wi l l guard

you t i l l you stand before your father’s door.”

The goddess then di sappeared andfE neas quickly

proceeded to Obey her command . Hasten ing homehe resolved to take h i s aged father to a place Ofsafety i n the h i l l s beyond the c i ty , but the Old man

refused to go .

! Y ou ,who are young and strong,

”

said he , ! may go , but I shal l remai n here , for if i t

had been the wil l of the gods that I should l ive ,they would have preserved my home .

31

Now leave me : b e your farewel l saidT o th i s my corpse

,and count me dead .

CON INGTON , E nez’

a’

,BOOK I I .

Nor could all the entreati es of his son andwife

move him from h is resoluti on . Then fE neas, i n

gri ef and despai r, was about to rush back to the

battl e , which sti l l raged in the c i ty , preferring to

die rather than to go and l eave his father beh ind .

But at th i s moment a brigh t flame as if Of fire wasseen to play around the head of the boy Iulus , andsend forth beam s of l ight . Alarmed as wel l as

surpri sed at the spectacl e , fE neas was about toextinguish the flames by water, when Anchisescried out that i t was a s ign from heaven that heshould accompany his fam i ly i n thei r fl ight from

the c i ty.

This pretty story, i t i s said , was meant by Vergilas a compl iment to Augustus, the idea i ntended to

be conveyed be i ng that the seal of sovere ign powerwas thus early set upon the founder of the greathouse of J ul i us .The gods seem ing thus to ordai n the immed iate

departure of the hero andh i s fam i ly, they all speedi ly

set fo rth, fE neas carrying his father on his shoulders ,

whil e Iulus walked by h is side , and Creusa fol lowedat some d istance They had arranged to meet at aruined temple outs ide the c i ty , where they were to

Drawn by Var z’

an.

ZE N E A S CARRY ING H I S FATHER OUT OF TROY .

33

be j oined by the i r servants , but when they reachedthe . place

,i t was discovered that C reusa had disap

peared. Great was the grief of fE neas. In agonyhe hastened back to the c i ty i n search Of h is wife .

Com ing to his father’s palace , he found i t al readyi n flames . Then he hurri ed on through the streets ,i n h is distress cal l ing aloud the nam e Of Creusa.

S uddenly her figure started up be fore him , largerthan when i n l ife

,for i t was her sp iri t he saw .

Appal led at the sight,fE neas s tood in S i lence gaz

ing at the appari t ion while i t thus spoke :Beloved husband

,why do you give way to grief ?

What has happened is by the decree of heaven. I twas not the wil l of the gods that I should accom

pany you . You have a l ong j ourney to make , anda wide extent of sea to cross , be fore you reach theshores of Hes-pe’ri -a

,where the Ti ’ber flows i n

gentl e course through the rich fields Of a warl ikerace . There prosperi ty awai ts you,

and you shal ltake to yourself a wi fe of a royal l ine . W eep not

for me. The m other of the gods keeps me in th i sland to serve her. ‘

A nd now farewell , and fai l not

to love andwatch over our son .

”

Then the form of Creusa mel ted into air, and thesorrowing husband returned to the place where h isfather and son awai ted him . There he found a

number of h is fel low-c i tizens prepared to fol low himSTO . OF fE N E A S 3

34

i nto ex i l e . They firs t took refuge i n the forests ofMoun t I’da, not far from the ruined c i ty. In th is

place they spent the winter, and they bui l t a fleet ofsh ips at A n-tan

’

dros, a coast town at the foot of themountai n .

Near Old A ntandros,and at Ida’s foot

,

T he t imber of the sacred groves we cut,

A nd bu i ld our fleet uncer tain yet to findWhat p lace the god s for our repo se as s igned .

D RYD EN , E nez‘

d, BOOK I I I .

I t i s remarkable that Vergi l does not tel l howCreusa came by her death . Apparently we are l eftto i nfer that she was ki l l ed by the Greeks.

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36

pul led one up from the ground , whereupon hebeheld drops of blood oozing from the torn roots .Though horrified at the sight he pl ucked another

bough , and agai n blood oozed out as before . Then

praying to the gods to save h imself and his people

from whatever evi l there m ight be i n the omen,

he proceeded to tear up a th i rd shoot,when from

out the earth at h is feet a voice uttered these

words :O

,fE neas 1 why do you tear an unhappy wretch ?

S pare me,now that I am i n my grave ;

'

forbear to

pol lute your pious hands . I t i s from no tree- trunk

that the blood comes . Qui t th is barbarous landwith all speed . Know that I am Pol-y-do'rus. HereI was S lai n by many arrows , which have takenroot

andgrown into a tree .

”

Deep was the horror of [ E neas whi l e he l i stenedto th i s dreadful story

,for he knew that Polydorus

was one Of the younger sons of Priam . Early in the

war,his father, fearing that the Trojans m ight be

defeated,had sent him for protection to the court Of

the k ing Of Thrace . At the same tim e he sen t the

greater part of his treasures, i nclud ing a l arge sumof

money,to be taken care of by the king ti l l the war

should be over . But as soon as the Thrac ian mon

arch heard of the fal l of Troy he treacherously sl ewthe young prince and se ized all h is father’s treasure .

37

Fal se to d i v ine and human lawsT he trai t or j o ins the conquero r s cau se

,

Lay s imp i ou s hand s on Polydore,A nd grasp s by force the golden s to re .

Fel l l u st O f go ld ! abhorred,accu r s t !

IVhat w i l l no t men to s lake such th i rst ?CON INGTON

,E nez

’

d,BOOK III.

When fE neas related th is story to hi s father and

the other Trojan ch iefs , they all agreed to departforthwi th from a land pol l uted by SO black a crime .

But first they performed funeral ri tes on the graveOf Polydorus

,erecting two al tars which they

decked with cypress wreaths , the emblem of mourn

ing, and Offering sacrifices to the gods .S oon afterwards , the winds be ing favorab l e , they

set sai l,andin a few days reached D e'los, one of the

isl es of Greece,where there was a famous temple of

Apollo . A’

ni-us,the king of the i sland , anda priest

of Apollo , gave them a hospi tabl e reception . In the

great temple they made sui table Offeri ngs,and

fE neas prayed to the god to tel l them in what country they m igh t find a resti ng place and a home .

S carcely had the prayer been fini shed when thetemple and the earth i tself s eemed to quake , where

upon the T rojans prostrated themselves i n lowlyreverence upon the ground

,andpresently they heard

a voice saying :! B rave sons of Dar’da-nus

,the land which gave

38

b i rth to your ancestors shal l agai n rece ive yourrace in i ts ferti le bosom . S eek out your anc ientmother. There the house of fE neas Shal l rul e over

every coast , and h is ch i ldren’s ch i ldren and the i r

descendants .

The answers or oracles of the gods were Oftengiven in mysterious words , as i n the present case .

E neas and h is companions d id not know what land

was meant by the !

ancient mother, but Anch ises ,! revolvi ng in h i s m ind the legends of the men Of

Old,

” remembered having heard that one of his

ancestors , Teu’cer, (the father-in-law of Dardanus) ,

had come from the island of C rete . Bel i eving,

therefore,that that was the land referred to i n the

words of the oracl e , they set sai l , having first sacri

ficed to Apol lo, to N eptune , god of the ocean,and

to the god of storms , that the i r voyage m ight be

favorable .

A bu l l to Neptune,an ob lat i on due

,

Another bu l l to br i gh t Apo l l o s lewA m i l k -wh i te ewe

,the western wind s to p lease

A nd one coal -b lack,to calm the stormy seas .

D RYD EN , BOOK I I I .

They arrived safely at Crete (now known as

Can’di -a) where they remai ned a considerable time

and bu i l t a c i ty which fE neas cal l ed Per’ga-mus, the

name of the famous c i tadel or fort of Troy. But

39

here a new m i sfortune cam e upon the exi l es in the

shape Of a plague , which threatened destruc tion toman and beast and the frui ts of the field .

Sudden on man’s feeb le frame

From tainted skies a s ickness came,

On trees and crops a po i sonou s breath,

A year of pest i lence and death .

CON INGTON , /E uez'

d, BOOK I I I .

Anchises now proposed that they should return toDelos , and again seek the counsel andaidof Apol lo,but that n ight fE neas hada dream in which the household gods whose images he had carri ed wi th himfrom Troy, appeared to him ,

and told him that C retewas not the land destined by the gods for him and

his people . They al so told him where that Hesperia

was, of which he had heard from the shade of

C reusa.

A land there ’

is,Hesper ia cal led of Old

,

( T he so i l i s fru i tfu l , and the nat i ves bo ldT he ( E -no ’tr i -ans he ld i t once

,) by later fame

N ow cal led I- ta’l i -a,from the leader ’s name .

I-a’si-us there

,and Dardanu s

,were born

From thence we came,and th i ther must retu rn .

R i se,and thy s ire wi th these glad t id ings greet

Search I taly : for J ove den ies thee Crete.

D RYDEN,E zzez

'

d,BOOK

fE neas made haste to te l l th is dream to h i s father,whereupon the old man advised that they should

40

at once depart . S O they quickly got thei r sh ips inorder and se t sai l for Hesperia— the Land of the

West. But scarcely had they lost s ight of the shore

when a terribl e storm arose which drove them outOf the i r course , and for three days and n ights the

l ight of heaven was shut from thei r vi ew. Even thegreat Pal-i-nu’

rus, the pi lot of the sh ip Of fE neas,

could not distinguish n ight from day , or rem emberh is tr ue course in the m idst of the wave .

”

O n the fourth day,however, the s torm ceased andsoon the Trojans sighted land in the distance . I t

was one of the islands Of the Ion ian sea,cal l ed the

S troph’

a-des . Here dwel t the Har’pies, monsters

Jhaving faces l ike wom en ,and bodies , wings , and

Claws l ike vul tures . When the Trojans landed they

saw herds of oxen and flocks of goats grazing inthe fields . They ki l l ed some Of them and prepared

a feast upon the shore , and having first,in accord

ance wi th thei r invariable custom ,made offerings to

the gods,they proceeded !

to banquet on the richviands . But they had hardly begun thei r m eal

when the Harpi es , wi th noisy flapping of wings andfearful cri es , swooped down upon them ,

snatched off

a great portion of the meat , and so spoi led the res twi th the i r unclean touch that i t was unfit to eat.

From the mountain-top s w i th h ideou s cry ,A nd clatter ing wings

,the hungry Harp ies fly

4 1

A nd snatch the meat,defiling all they find

,

A nd part ing,leave a l oath some stench beh ind .

D RYD EN , E nez'

d, BOOK I I I .

The Trojans got ready another meal and agai n

sat down to eat , but the Harpies again came downupon them as before

,and d id in l ike manner.

PE neas and h is compan ions then resolved to fight,

so they took thei r swords and drove the foul mon

sters off, though they could not ki l l any of them , for

thei r skins were proof against wounds . O ne of them,

however,remained behind

,and perching on a rock

,

cried out in words of anger against the intruders .Do you dare , base Trojans ,

” said she , to make

war upon us after ki l l ing our oxen ? DO you dareto drive the Harpi es from the place which is thei r

own ? Listen then to what I have to tel l you ,which

the father of the gods reveal ed to Phoe’bus Apol lo ,and Apol lo reveal ed to me. I taly i s the land youseek

,and I taly you shal l reach ; but you shal l not

build the wal l s of your c i ty unti l d i re fam ine , visi ting you because you have inj ured us , shal l compelyou to devour even your tables .”

This Harpy was named -Ce-lm’

no . When theTrojans heard her awful words they prayed tothe gods for protection ,

and then hasten ing to the i r

ships,they put to sea. They soon came near

I th’a-ca, the island k i ngdom Of U lysses,the most

42

sk ilful i n stratagem of all the Greek ch iefs at theTrojan war. Curs ing the land which gave b i rth to

that c ruel enemy of thei r country , [E neas and hiscompanions sai l ed past , and they conti nued thei r

voyage unti l they reached the rocky island of Leuca’di -a on the coast of E -pi'rus

,where there was

another temple of Apol lo . Here they landed , re

joicing that they had steered safely by so many c i ti esof the i r enem ies

,for si nce l eaving Crete thei r route

had been mostly along the Grec ian coas t . They

spent the winter in Leucadia, pass ing thei r le isure i ngames of wrestl i ng and other athle tic exerc ises

,

which were the sports of warrio rs i n those anci ent

times . fE neas fastened to the door of the templ e ash ield of bronze a trophy he hadcarried away from

Troy— and upon i t he put the i nscription

TH IS ARM OR ZE N E A S W ON F ROM THECONQ UERING GREEKS .

I n spring the wanderers again took to thei r sh ips ,and sai l ing northwards , close to the

! coast, they

came to E u-thro'

tum i n Epirus, where they weresurprised to learn that H el’e -nus , son of Priam , was

king Of the country and that h is wife was A ndrom’

a-che,who had formerly been wife of the famous

Hector . fE neas having heard thi s upon landing ,

proceeded without delay towards the ci ty, impati ent

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44

a long voyage to make before reaching his destination , that the place in which he should found his

new kingdom was on the banks of a river,and that

he would know i t by finding there a whi te sowwith a l i tter of th i rty young ones .

In the shady shel ter o f a wood,

A nd near the margin of a gent le floodThou shal t behold a sow u pon the groundWith th i rty suck ing young encompas sed round

( T he dam and o ffspr ing whi te as fal l ing snow) ;These on thy c i ty shal l the ir name bes towA nd there shal l end thy labors and thy woe.

D RYD EN , E zzez’

a’

,BOOK I I I .

As to the Harpy ’s dreadful prophecy that theTrojans would have to eat thei r tabl es

,Helenus

bade E neas not to be troubled about i t,for

the fates would find a way ,

”

andApol lo would bepresen t to aid. Then the soothsayer warned his

countrymen to shun the strai t between I taly andS i c i ly, where on one s ide was the frigh tful monster

S cyl’la,with th e face of a woman and the tai l Of a

dolphin,and on the other was the dangerous whirl

pool Cha-ryb’

dis. But more important than all

other th i ngs,they must Offer sacrifices and prayers

to J uno,that her anger m ight be turned away from

them,for she i t was who had hi therto Opposed all

the i r efforts to reach thei r p rom i sed land .

4 5

Helenus al so told them that on arriving in I talythey must seek out and consul t the famous S ib’yl ofCu’mae . This was a prophetess who usual ly wrote

her propheci es on l eaves of trees , which she placed

at the entrance to her cave . These l eaves had tobe taken up very careful ly and quickly , for if theywere scattered about by the wind , i t would be impossible to put them in order again , so as to read them

or understand thei r m eaning. Helenus , there fore ,di rected fE neas to request the S ibyl to give heranswers by word of mouth . S he would do so , hesai d

,and tel l him all that was to happen to him

and his people in I taly — the wars they would haveto encounter

,the dangers they were to meet, and

how to avoid them .

Thus Hel enus prophesied and gave counsel to

h is kinsmen . Then he made presents to fE neasand Anch i ses Of val uable things in gold and

si lver,and he sent p i lots to the sh ips

,and horses

and arms for the men . A nd Andromache gaveembroidered robes to Ascan i us anda cloak wrough t

in gold .

S oon afterwards the wanderers bade farewel l tothei r fri ends

,and set sai l . Next day they came in

sight Of I tal y,which they hai led wi th loud shou ts

Of rej o ic ing. I t was the south - eastern point of the

peninsula,and

-

as the Trojans approached i t, they

46

saw a harbor i nto which they ran the i r ships . H erethey went ashore and Offered sacrifices to M inerva,and al so to J uno , rem embering the advice of H elenus . But that part of the country be ing inhabi tedby Greeks

,they made haste to depart , and taking

thei r course southward,they passed by the Bay of

T a-ren’

tum and down the coas t unti l they cam e tothe entrance of the strai t now cal led Mess ina. This

was a poin t of danger, for the loud roaring of the

sea warned them that they were not far from the

terribl e Charybdis . Quickly Pal inurus turned hi sship to the left, and, all the others fol lowing, made

straight for the S i c i l ian shore . Here they landed

almost at the foot of fE tna, famous then as in our

own tim es as a volcano or burning mountai n .

U nder th i s m ountai n , according to an old l egend,

J upi ter imprisoned E n-cel’a-dus , one of th e giantswho had dared to make war against heaven

, and as

Often as the giant turned h is weary s ides , all S i c i l y

trembl ed and the mountai n sent forth flam es of

fire andstreams of m ol ten lava.

Enceladus,they say , transfixed by J ove,

With b lasted‘

limb s came tumb l ing from aboveA nd when he fel l

,the avenging father drew

Th i s flam ing h i l l,and on his body threw .

A s often as he turns his weary s ides,

H e shakes the so l id i s le, and smoke, the heavens h ides .

D RYD EN , E nez’

d, BOOK I I I .

47

But beside the horrors of the ! flam i ng hi l lthere was another danger to which the Trojans werenow exposed . S i c i ly was the land Of the terribl e

Cy’clops. These were fierce giants of immense

size,with one eye , huge and round , i n the m iddle of

the i r foreheads . The morn ing afte r thei r arrival,

the Trojans were surprised to see a stranger runni ng forth from the woods , and with arm s outstre tched impl oring the i r protection . Being askedwho he was, he sai d he was a Greek

, and that h isname was Ach-e-men’ ides . He had been at Troywi th U lysses , and was one of the compan i ons ofthat famous warrior i n h is adventures after the

siege . In thei r wanderings they had com e toS ic i ly and had been in the very cave of Pol-y-phe’

mus, the largest and fiercest of the Cyclops , whohad ki l l ed several of the unfortunate Greeks .

I mysel f ,” sai d A chemenides,

!

saw him se ize

two of our number and break thei r bod ie s agai nst

a rock . I saw the i r l imbs quivering between h isteeth . But U lysses did not suffe r such th ings togo unpun i shed , for when the giant lay asl eep

,

gorged wi th food , and made drunk wi th wine,

(which U lysses had given him) we , havi ng prayed

to the gods , and arranged by lot what part each

should perform , crowded around him and with a

sharp weapon bored out h is eye,which was as large

48

as the orb of the sun , and so we avenged the deathof our com rades .

But i n thei r fl ight from the cave,after pun i sh ing

Polyphemus , the Greeks l eft A chemenides beh ind,

and for three months he l ived on berri es i n the

woods . He now warned the T rojans to depart

from the island wi th all speed,for

,he said

,a hun

dred other Cyclops,huge and savage , dwel t on those

shores , tending thei r flocks among the h i l l s .

! Such,and so vas t as Polypheme appear s

,

A hundred m ore th i s hated i s land bears '

L i ke him,in caves they shu t thei r woolv sheep ;

L i ke him t hei r herd s on t o ps of mountains keep ;L i ke him wi th m i ghty s tr i des they s tal k from s teep tos teep .

D RYD EN,E nez

'

a’

,BOOK I I I .

S carcely had A chemenides fin i shed h i s storywhen Polyphemus h imself appeared com ing downfrom the mountain in the m i dst of h is flocks .A horrid monster he was

,

! huge,awful

,hideous ,

ghastly,bl ind .

”

In h is hand he carri ed the trunk

of a pine tree to guide h is steps , and strid ing to thewater’s edge; he waded far into the sea, yet the

waves d id not touch his s ides .The Trojans now quickly got to thei r vessels ,

taking A chem enides wi th them ,and they

'

pl ied

thei r oars wi th the utmost speed . Hearing the

SO

voices of the rowers and the sweep of thei r oars,

the b l i nd giant stretched out his hands in the direct ion of the sound , seeking tO

'

seiz e h i s enem i es , ashe took them to be . But the Trojans had got

beyond h i s reach . Then in h is rage and disappoint

ment the monster rai sed a m ighty shout whichechoed from the mountai n sides and brought forth

his brethren from the i r woods and caves .

T o heaven he l i fts a monstrou s roar,

Which send s a sh udder through the waves,

Shakes to i t s ‘base the I tal ian shore,

A nd echo ing runs through ZE tna’

S caves .From rocks and wood s the Cyc l op h ostRu sh start led forth

,and crowd the coast .

There glar ing fierce we see them standIn id le rage

,a h ideou s band

,

T he son’

s. of j E tna, carry ing h ighTheir tower ing summ i t s to the sky .

CON INGTON E m z'

a'

,BOOK I I I .

After thus escaping from the terribl e Polyphemus ,the Trojan wanderers sai l ed along the coasts Of

S i c ily, and com ing to the north-west extrem i ty of

the island , they put ashore at Drep’

a-num . Here

fE neas met with a m i sfortune wh ich none of the

prophets h ad pred i c ted . This was the death of h is

venerable father Anchi ses .

After end less labors ( oftentossedBy raging storm s anddriven

'

on every coas t) ,

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I I I . A GREAT ST ORM — ARR IVAL IN

CA R T HA GE .

THUS far you have read the s tory of the Trojanex iles as i t was told by fE neas h imself to D i’do

,

queen of Carthage , at whose court we shal l soonfind him ,

afte r a dreadful s torm which scattered h i s

sh ips , s ink i ng one, and drivi ng the res t upon thecoas t of Africa. The narrative occupi es the secondand th i rd books of the fE neid. I n the first book

the poet begins by tel l i ng of J uno’s unrel entinghate , which was the ch ief cause of all the evi ls thatbefel l th e Trojans .

Arm s and the man I S ing,who

,forced by fate

,

A nd haughty Juno ’s unrelent ing hate,

E xpel led and ex i led,left the Trojan shore .

Long labors,both by sea and land he bore.

DRYD EN , E nez’

a’

,BOOK I .

I t was at J uno ’s request that fE ’

o-l us , god of the

winds, raised the great s torm ,j us t at the time when

the wanderers , after leaving Drepanum ,were about

to d i rect the i r course towards the destined Hes

perian land . F or though fE neas and his com

[5 2]

53

pan ions, fol lowing the advi ce of Helenus , had

offered prayers and sacrifices to the haughty goddess

,sti l l her anger was not appeased . S he could

not forget the j udgment Of Pari s , or the prophecy

that through the Trojan race was to com e destruc

tion on the c i ty she loved . A nd SO when she saw

the sh ips of fE neas sai l ing towards the Ital ian coast,she gave vent to her anger i n bi tte r words . MustI then

,

” sai d she , ! desist from my purpose ? A m I,

the queen of heaven , not able to prevent the

Trojans from establ i sh i ng thei r kingdom in I taly ?Who then wil l hereafte r worsh ip J uno or Offe r

sacrifices on her al tars ? ” With such thoughts inflaming her breast, the goddess hastened to fE -O

’l ia,

the hom e of storms where dwel t o l us,k ing of the

winds . fE Olia was one of the ancient names of the

islands between I tal y and S i c i ly, now known as

the L ipari I slands . In a vast cave,in one of those

islands king [ E ol us held the winds impri soned and

control l ed the i r fury l es t they should destroy theworld

In a spaci ou s cave O f l i v ing stone,

T he tyrant o l u s,from h i s airy throne

With power imper ial cu rb s the struggl ing wind s,

A nd sound ing tempests in dark pr i sons b ind s

High in h i s hal l the undaunted monarch stand s,

A nd shakes h i s sceptre,and the ir rage command s ;

54

Which d id he not,their unres i sted sway

Wou ld sweep the wor ld before them in their way ;E arth

,air

,and seas

,through empty space wou ld rol l

,

A nd heaven wou ld fly before the dr i v ing sou l .In fear of th i s

,the father of the god s

Confined thei r fury to those dark abodes,

A nd l ocked them safe wi th in,oppressed wi th mountain l oad s ;

Imposed a k ing w i th arb i trary sway,

To l oose the ir fetters,or thei r force al lay .

DRYD EN , E nez’

d,BOOK 1.

To thi s great king J uno appeal ed,begging him to

send forth h is storm s agai nst the sh ips of fE neas,and she prom i sed to reward him by giving him i n

marriage the fai r De-i-o -

pe’

a,most beautiful of all the

nymphs or maids in her heavenly trai n of attend

ants. zZE Olus promptly repl ied saying that he was

ready to obey the queen of heaven . Tis for you ,O queen , to command and for

‘

me to execute your

wil l .”

Then o l us struck the side of the cavern wi th

h i s m ighty scepter, whereupon the rock flew openand the winds rushed furiously forth . In an i nstan t

a terrific hurri cane swept over land and sea. Thel ightning flashed

,the thunder peal ed , and the waves

rol l ed mountai n h igh around the Trojan fleet .

A llin a moment sun and sk iesA re b l otted from the Trojans ’ eyes ;B lack n i ght i s brood ing o

’

er the deep,

5 5

Sharp thunder peal s, l i ve l i ghtnings leap ;T he s tou tes t warr i or hold s h i s breath ,A nd l ook s as on the face of death .

CON INGTON , E nez’

d,BOOK I .

F i l l ed with terror, fE neas bewai l ed h is unhappy

fate,and

"

lamented that i t had not been his lot to fal l

wi th those

Who d ied at Troy l i ke val iant menE

’

en in the i r parent s ’ View .

But the storm increased in fury . Three of hisships were dashed against h idden rocks , while beforeh is eyes one went down wi th all i ts crew.

A nd here and there above the waves were seenArm s

,p ictu res

,prec i ous good s and fl oat ing men .

D RYD EN , E nez’

a’

, BOOK I .

‘Meantime the roaring of wind and waves hadreached the ears of Neptune

,i n h i s coral palace

beneath the sea. N eptune was one of the gods who

were friendly to fE neas, and so when he rai sed h ishead above the waters , and beheld the Ships scattered about and the hero h imself i n deep distress

,

the ocean king was very angry. Instantly he summoned the winds before him , and sternly rebuked

them for daring to cause such disturbance i n h i s

dom i n ions without h is authori ty. Then he ordered

them to depart forthwi th to thei r caverns, and tel l

56

the i r master that not to him be longed the k i ngdom

Of the sea.

! Back to your master ins tant flee,

A nd tel l him,not to him bu t me

T he imper ial tr ident O f the sea

Fel l by the l ot ’s award .

CON INGTON E nez’

d,BOOK 1.

I t was by lo t that the empi re of the un iverse hadbeen divided among the three brothers J upi ter:N eptune andPluto ,

. the k ingdom of the ocean fal l i ng

to N eptune , the heavens to J upi ter and the ! lowerregions ” or regions Of the dead to P luto . N eptune ,therefore , had ful l power wi th in h is own dom i n ion ,

and so the winds had to reti re at h is command .

Then immed iately the sea became calm and sti ll ,and fE neas with seven sh ips— all that he could

find of h i s fleet sai l ed for the African coast, wh i ch

was the nearest land , the storm having driven them

far out of the i r course . S oon d iscovering a sui table

harbor,deep in a bay, with high rocks on each side

at the entrance , the tempest-tossed Trojans gladly

put ashore , and l ighti ng a fire on the beach , they

prepared a meal of parched corn , which they ground

with stones .Meanwh i l e fE neas cl imbed a rock and l ooked

out over the sea hOping to catch sight of some ofthe lost vessel s . He was accompan i ed by h is

S7

armor-bearer A -cha’

tes, who was so devoted to his

chief that the name is Often used to signi fy a very

fai thful fri end . But they could see none of them i ssing ships and so they returned to thei r com

pan i ons . Then fE neas del ivered an address to h i s

people , bidding them be of good cheer, and rem i nding them of the decree of heaven that they shouldhave a peaceful settl em ent in La'ti -um— that fai r

I tal ian land , to wh ich the gods would surely guidethem in due tim e .

Com rades and fr iend s ! for our s is strengthHas brooked the tes t of woes ;

O worse- scarred hear ts ! these wound s at lengthT he god s w i l l heal

,l i ke those.

Y ou that have seen gr im Scy l la rave,

A nd heard her monster s yel l,

Y ou that have l ooked upon the caveWhere savage Cyc l op s dwel l

,

Come,cheer you r sou l s

,you r fear s forget ;

Th i s su ffer ing wi l l y ield u s yetA pleasant tale to tel l .

Th rough chance,through per i l l ies our way

TO Lat i um,where the fates d i sp lay

A mans i on of ab id ing stay ;There Troy her fal len realm shall ra i se :

Bear up and l i ve for happ ier day s .

”

CON INGTON E neia’

,BOOK I .

I t i s not to be supposed that all th i s time thegoddess Venus was forgetful of the sufferings of her

5 8

son . Even whi l e /Eneas was thus speak i ng to h i sfel low wanderers she was pleading his cause before

the throne of J upi ter h imself on the top of Mount

O lympus . ! What offence , O king of heaven ,” said

she , ! has my fE neas comm i tted ? How have the

Trojans offended ? What i s to be the end of thei r

suffe rings ? Are they to be forever persecuted on

account of the anger'

of one goddess ? ”

T o th is appeal the king Of the gods answered assur

ing Venus that the prom ises made to the Trojan

exi les should all be fulfil l ed . fE neas, he said , shouldmake war agai nst fierce tribes i n I tal y

,and conquer

them,and rul e i n La-vin’ i -um . After himh is son

Iulus should re ign for thi rty years , and build a c i ty

to be cal l ed Alba Longa,where h is descendants would

hold sovereign power for th ree hundred years . Then

from the sam e race should come R om’

u—l us , who

would found the c i ty Rom e,which would i n time

conquer Greece and rule the world .

T he peop le Romans cal l,the c i ty Rome

To them no bound s of emp ire I as s ign,

N or term of year s to the ir immortal l ine,

E’

en haughty J uno,who

,wi th end less bro i l s

,

E arth,seas

,and heaven

,and J ove h im sel f turmo i l s

,

At length atoned,her fr iend ly power Shal l j o in

,

TO cher i sh and advance the Trojan l ine.

A n age i s r i pening in revolv ing fate,

When T roy Shal l overturn the Grec ian state,

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60

W e wander here by tempes t b l own,

T he peop le and the place unknown .

CON INGTON {E nemaBOO K 1.

To these inqui ri es Venus , sti l l main tai n i ng herd isguise , repl i ed by tel l ing the Trojan heroes the

story of Carthage and Queen D ido . This famous

woman was the daughter of Be’l us , king of Tyre , a c i ty

Of Phoe-n ic’ i -a,in Asia Minor. S he marri ed awealthy

Tyrian lord named Sf

i-cha 'us . O n her father’s death ,

her brother Pyg-ma’l i-on became king of Tyre . He

was a cruel andavari c ious tyrant,andin ordTer to get

possess ion of h is bro ther-in- law’s ri ches , he had him

put to death,conceal ing the crime from his s is ter by

many fal se tal es . But i n a dream the ghost of Sichaeus appeared to D ido and told her of the wickeddeed of Pygmal i on . He at the same time advisedher to fly from the country wi th all speed

,and he

in formed her of the place where he had h idden h i s

treasures— a large sum i n gold and s i lver, wh ich he

bade her take to help her in her fl igh t.D ido therefore got together a number of ships ,

and put to sea accompani ed by a number Of her

countrymen who hated the cruel tyrant . They sai l ed

to the coast of Africa and landed in L ibya, wherethey purchased from the inhabi tants asmuch ground

as could be encompassed by a bull ’s hide cut intothongs . Then they commenced to build a c i ty which

61

they cal l ed Carthage , and even now they were en‘

gaged in rai s ing i ts wal l s .S uch was the story of D ido which Venus related

to /E neas andAchates . Having concl uded,she in

qui red i n her turn who they were,from what country

they had come , and whi ther they were going. I nreply fE neas gave a bri ef account of h is wanderingsSi nce the fal l of Troy. Then the goddess d i rected

him to go i nto the c i ty and present h im sel f beforethe queen , andshe pointed to an augury in the sky

twelve swans flying above the i r heads— which,she

said , was a S ign that the sh ips they had supposed

to be los t were at that moment sai l i ng in to theharbor

S o saying Venus turned to l eave them , when sud

denly a marvelous change took place i n her dress

and appearance , so that /E neas knew she was h is

mother, andhe cri ed to her to perm i t him to touch herhand andspeak with her as her son . The goddess

,

however, made no answer,but she cast over /E neas

and h is compani on a th ick vei l Of c loud so that noone m igh t see or molest them on the i r way. Thus

rendered invisi ble,they went towards the c i ty .

When they reached i t they found a great many

men at work , some fini sh i ng the wal l s,others erect

ing great bui ld ings of various kinds . I n the center

of the town was a magn ificent temple of J uno .

62

E nriched with gi ft s, and with a go lden shrine ;But more the goddess made the place d i v ine.

On brazen s tep s the marb le thresho ld rose,

A nd brazen p lates the cedar beam s encl o se ;T he rafter s are with brazen cover ings crowned ;T he! l o fty door s on brazen h inges s ound .

D RYDEN , fE nez'

a’

,BOOK I .

Ente ri ng thi s temple, fE neas was astonished to

find the wal l s covered with pai ntings representi ngscenes of the T rojan war.

H e saw,in order painted on the wal l

,

Whatever d id unhappy Troy befal l ;T he wars that fame around the wor ld had b l own

,

A l l t o the l i fe,and every leader known .

He s topped,and weep ing said : 0fr iend ! e

’

en here !T he monument s of Trojan woes appear !

DRYD EN E nez’

a’

,BOOK I .

Amongst the p ic tures , fE neas recognized one ofh imself perfo rm i ng deeds of valor in the th ick of thefight . While he and h is companion , both sti l l invisibl e , were g azing wi th adm i ration upon thosescenes Q ueen D ido came into the temple , attendedby a numerous trai n of warri ors , and took her seat

upon a h igh -rai sed throne . Presently there appeared

a number of Trojans advancing towards the queen ,andfE neas rej oi ced to see that they were some of h isown peopl e belonging to the Sh ips that hadbeen separated from him during the storm . They hadbeen cast

63

ashore on a d ifferent part of the coast , andnot hear

ing of the safe arrival of fE neas, they were now come

to beg the help and protection of D i do . Havingheard thei r story, which Il-i

’

o-neus , one Of thei r num

ber,briefly related ,

the queen bade them dism iss

thei r fears,prom i sing that she would give them

whatever ass istance they needed , and send out mes

sengers to search the L ibyan coasts for thei r l eader

fE neas. But at 'this point the m i st that encompassed

fE neas and h is companion suddenly vanished and

the hero stood forth , beheld by all, h is face resemb

l i ng that of a god .

T he Trojan ch ief appeared in open s ightAugust in vi sage

,and serenely br i ght .

Hi s m other -goddes s,with her handsd i v ine

,

H ad formed h i s cur l ing l ocks,andmade h i s temp les Sh ine

,

A nd gi ven h i s rol l ing eyes a sparkl ing grace,

A nd breathed a youth fu l v i gor on h i s face .

DRYD EN , E nez’

d, BOOK 1.

fE neas now made himself known to' the queen

and thanked her for her kindness to h is people .

D ido was aston i shed at the sudden appearance of

the hero , of whom She had al ready heard much .

Her father, Belus , she said , had told her of the fal lof Troy and of the name of fE neas

,and having her

self suffered many m i sfortunes , She had l earned tohave pi ty for the d i stressed .

64

! F or I my sel f, l i ke you, have been d i s tressed,Ti l l heaven afforded me th i s p lace Of rest ;L i ke you, an al ien in a land unknown

,

I learn t o p i ty woes so l i ke my Own .

”

D RYD EN , A i‘ nez’d, BOOK I .

Then she i nvi ted the hero i nto the royal apartments where a grand banquet was prepared i n h i s

honor. S he al so caused a supply of provis ions to be

taken to hi s people on the shore— twenty oxen,a

hundred swine , and a hundred fat lambs. Mean

whi le —Eneas sent Achates to bring h is son Ascanius

to the c i ty, bidding him at the sam e time to take

wi th him presents for the queen , costly and beauti

ful th ings that had been saved from the ruins of

Troy— a mantl e embroidered wi th gold , a scepter

which hadbelonged to I-li’O-ne,K ing Priam ’s daugh~

ter, and a necklace strung with pearl s .At the banquet Queen D ido sat on a golden couch

,

surrounded by the Trojan ch i efs andher Tyrian lords .By her side was seated the handsom e youth whom

Achates had brought from the sh ips as the son of

E neas . D ido adm i red the beautiful boy andfondl edhim in her arms l i ttl e th inking that i t was Cupid , the

god of love , whom Venus had sent to the banquetunder the appearance Of Iulus .

Unhappy Did o l i tt le thought what guest,

H ow d ire a god She drew so near her breas t .DR VDE N . E nez

’

d, BOOK 1.

STO . OF {EN EAS 5

66

The real A scan ius meantime lay i n peaceful sl umber i n a sacred grove i n the island of Cyprus, towh i chVenus had borne him away.

Lu l led in her lap, am id st a train of Loves,She gent ly bear s him t o her b l i s sfu l groves ;Then wi th a wreath of myrt le crowns h i s headA nd soft ly lays him on a flowery bed.

D RYD EN , E nez’

d,BOOK I .

And so Queen D ido entertai ned the ch iefs of Troy

and of Carthage , wi th the god of love seated besideher on her golden couch . A hundred maids and as

many pages attended upon the guests. After theviands were removed , I-O

’pas , the Tyrian m i nstrelandpoet, played upon his gi lded lyre , and sang aboutthe wondrous th ings i n the heavens andon earth .

T he var i ou s labor s of the wander ing moon,

A nd whence proceed the ecl i p ses o f the sun ;

T he or i ginal o f men and beasts ; and whenceT he rains ar i se

,and fires their warmth d i s pense ;

What s hakes the s o l id earth ; what cau se delaysT he summer n i ght s

,and shortens w inter days .

D RYD EN , E nez’

d, BOOK I .

The song of I opas was applauded by the enti re

assemblage . Then Queen D ido afte r ask i ng ZE neas

many quest ions about P riam and Hector, andAchi l

l es , and Memnon , andD i omede andother heroes of

theTrojan war, begged him to tel l the whole story from

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Iv . D IDO’S LOVE — TH E F UNERAL GAM ES

SH IPS BURN ED BY T H E W OM E N .

Q UEEN DIDO was much in terested i n the story toldby fE neas, but more so in the hero himself . Hismany virtures, the honors and glories of his race

,

made a strong impression on her m i nd ; h is looks andwords were impri nted on her heart. In short

,the

Carthaginian queen was in l ove wi th the Trojan

prince . S he confided her secre t to her si ster Anna,

and she said that i f she had not vowed, on the death

of her dear husband S ichaeus, never again to uni tewi th any one i n the bondof marriage

,she m igh t

th ink of giving her hand to her noble guest.S iste r Anna knew that such a marriage would

be a great advantage to Carthage,which m igh t

need brave defenders'

like the Trojans, since therewere many warl ike princes i n that part of Afri ca,

who m ight some tim e attack the new c i ty. And ifthe Trojan arm s were j oined to those Of Carthage ,both would be strong enough to resi st the most pow

erful enemy , and the new kingdom would become[68]

69

great andflourish i ng.

! Let us the refore , said she ,pray to the gods for help and at the same t ime en

deavor by all means to detai n our Trojan guests aslong as possible upon our shore .

”

The queen l i stened to her sister’s advice wi thpleasure

, more espec ial ly as i t was in accord wi th her

own feel ings . Her scruplesabout a second marriage

soon vanished , andso she cont inued to entertain theTrojans and the i r ch ie f with princely hosp i tal i ty.

A nd now she lead s the Trojan ch ief al ongT he l o fty wal l s

,am id s t the bu sy throng ;

D i sp lays her Tyr ian weal th , and r i s ing town,

Which l ove,wi thou t his labor makes his own .

Thi s pomp she shows,to tem pt her wandering guest

H er fal ter ing tongue forb id s t o speak the rest .

When day dec l ines and feas ts renew the n i ght,

S t i l l on h i s face she feed s her fam i shed s ight ;She l ongs again to hear the pr ince re lateHis own adventu res

,and the Trojan fate.

H e tell s i t o ’

er and o’

er ; bu t st i l l in vain ;F or st i l l She begs to hear i t once again .

DRYD EN E nez’

d,BOOK IV .

Meanwhile the goddess J uno,watch ing the course

of events , al so saw the advantage,to her favori te c i ty

,

of a union wi th the Trojan ch ief . I f he and h is

people , she though t , could be persuaded to settl e inCarthage

,that c i ty andnot the long tal ked of Rome ,

would come to be the center of power and the rule r

70

of the world . S he therefore proposed to Venus atreaty of

! eternal peace ” on the cond i t ion of a mar

riage between fE neas and D ido .

Your Trojan wi th my Tyr ian let us j o in ;SO D id o shal l be your s

,fE neas m ine

One common k ingdom,one un i ted l ine.

D RYDEN , E nez’

a’

,BOOK IV .

Venus was not at all dece ived by th i s plausibl e

speech . S he well understood the motive and pur

pose of J uno to secure future power and glory forCarthage and divert from Rom e the emp i re Of the

world , nevertheless she answered in m i ld words saying,

! Who could be so fool i sh as to rej ect such an

al l iance , and prefer to be at war wi th the queen of

heaven ? Yet there i s a d ifficul ty . I do not knowwhether i t i s the pleasure of J upi ter that the TyriansandTrojans Should dwel l together in one c i ty . Wil lhe approve the un ion of the two nations ? Perhaps

,

however, you , who are h is wife ,may be abl e to inducehim to do so . I t i s for you , then , to lead the way,andwhere y ou l ead I shal l fol l ow.

”

But another obstacl e stood i n the way of J uno’s

proposed al l iance . There was at that time a cer

tai n African king named I-ar’bas , a very important

personage,for he was a son Of J upi ter . I t was from

him that D ido when she first came to Libya hadbought the ground to build her c i ty. Now Iarbas

7 I

wished to have D ido for h i s wife , and he had askedher to marry him , but she had re fused . Great washis anger, therefore , when he heard that the -Trojan

chief had been rece ived and honored in Carthage

and that a marriage between him and the queen wastalked of as a certai n th ing . S o he went to thetemple of h is father Jupi te r, and complained b i t

terly of the conduct of D ido i n rej ecting himself

and taking a fore ign prince into her kingdom to bei ts ruler. The king Of heaven , natural l y enoughsympath i s i ng wi th h is son, gave ear to h is complai n t

and he forthwith dispatched Mercury with a mes

sage to fE neas, bidding him to depart i nstan tlyfrom Carthage . Thi s command the sw ift-winged

god, having sped down from O lympus , and soughtout the Trojan hero , del ivered i n impress ive words .

A l l p owerfu l J oveWho sway s the wor ld bel ow and heaven above

,

Has sent me down wi th th i s severe commandWhat means thy l inger ing in the L ibyan land ?I f gl ory cannot move a m ind so mean

,

N or fu ture pra i se from fl i tt ing pleasure wean,

Regard the fortunes of thy r i s ing heirT he prom i sed crown let young A scan i u s wear

,

To whom the Au son ian sceptre,and the s tate

O f Rome’s imper ial name

,i s owed by fate.

DRYDEN , BOOK IV .

The command fi l l ed [ Eneas with astoni shment

72

and fear. He knew that he must obey, but how

could he break the i ntel l igence to D ido , or whatexcuse could he offer for so sudden a departure ?

What shou ld he Say , or how shou ld he begin ?What cour se alas remains

,to steer between

T he o ffended l over and the power fu l queen .

D RYD EN , {E nez'

a’ BOOK IV .

There be ing, however, no m iddle course , fE neasd i rected h i s ch iefs to get ready the sh ips

,cal l to

gether the crews , and prepare thei r arms , and to do

all as quietly and secretly as poss ibl e . Meanwhilehe h imself would watch for a favorabl e Opportuni ty

of ob tai n ing the queen’s consen t to thei r departure .

Himsel f,meant ime

,the softes t h ours wou ld choose

,

Before the l ove- S ick lady heard the news,

A ndmove her tender m ind,by s l ow degrees

To su ffer what the s overe i gn power decrees .

D RYD EN , E nez’

d, BOOK IV .

But D i do soon discovered what the Trojans wereabout , and she sent for fE neas and reproached himi n angry words for h is deception and i ngrati tude .

Then her anger gave way to gri ef and tears , andshe implored him to al ter h is resolution , declaringthat i f he would th us suddenly l eave her she mustsurely d ie . z

ZE neas was i n deep distress at the spectacl e of the sorrowing queen ,

yet he dared not yi eld

to her entreati es , s ince i t was the decree of the fates

73

and the command of J upi ter that he should remainno longer in Carthage .

The Trojans therefore hastened thei r preparations

andwere soon ready to set sai l ; but there came another warn ing conveyed to them by the god Mercury

,who

,whi le fE neas was asleep in h is sh ip

,ap

peared to him in a dream , bidding him to speed

away that very n ight , for i f he wai ted unti l morn ing

he would find the harbor fi l l ed wi th queen D i do ’s

fleet to prevent h is departure. S tarting from h iscouch fE neas qu ickly roused his compan i ons and

gave the order for ins tantly putting to sea.

Haste to your oar s you r crooked ancho r s wei gh,

A nd speed your fly ing sa i l s,and s tand to sea !

A god command s he s tood before my s ight ,A nd urged me once again t o speedy fl igh t .

DRYD EN , E mmi,BOOK IV .

Promptly the order of the ch ief was obeyed,

and soon the Trojan vessel s were sai l ing awayfrom the c i ty of D ido . And at dawn Of morn ing

the unhappy queen , l ooking forth from her watch

tower,beheld them far out at sea. Then she

prayed that there might be e ternal enm i ty between

the descendants of fE neas and the people of

Carthage,and that a man would come of her

nation who would persecute the Trojan race wi th

fire and sword .

74

These are my prayers , and th i s my dy ing wi l lA nd you,

my Tyr ians , every cur se fu lfi l lPerpetual hate andmortal war s proc laimAgains t the pr ince

,the people

,and the name.

These gratefu l O ffer ings On my grave bes towN or league

,nor l ove

,the hos t i le nat i ons know

N ow and from hence in every fu tu re age,

When rage exc i tes your arm s,and s trength supp l ies the

rage,

R i se some avenger of our L ibyan b l o odWith fire and sword pursue the per j ured broodOur arms

,our

' seas,our shores

,oppo sed t o the irs ;

A nd the same hate descend on all our he ir sD RYD EN , E nez

’

a’

, BOOK IV .

Vg gfl thus makes D ido prophesy the long_ _con

flict between Rome and Carthage , (known as the

Pumc w ars) and the ach i evements of the famousCarthagin ian general , Han'ni-bal, who carried the

war i n to the heart Of I taly (2 18 B . C .) and defeatedthe Romans i n several great battl es.

In her grief at the departure of fE neas, theunhappy queen resolved to put an end to her l ife .

’

S he bade her servants erect i n the’

inner court yard

of her palace a l ofty pi le of wood , cal l ed a funeral

pyre,and upon i t to place an image of fE neas as

wel l as the arms he had l eft beh ind him . Then

mounting the pyre , to which flam i ng torches had

been appl i ed , she stabbed herself wi th her falselover’s sword ,

and so d ied .

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76

accord ing to the custom of the times , poured wineandm i lk on the ground , as an offeri ng to the gods .Fresh flowers were then scattered on the tomb .

Whil e these ceremonies were being performed all

present were startl ed by the appearance Of a huge

serpent w i th scal es of golden hue , which suddenlygl ided from beneath the tomb , trai l ed among the

bowls.

or goblets contain ing the wine and m i lk ,tasted sl ightly of the contents

,and then returned

into the vaul t .

Betw ix t the r i s ing al tar s,and around

,

T he sacred m onster sh ot al ong the groundWith harm les s p lay am id st the bowl s he pas sedA nd wi th h i s l o l l ing tongue as sayed the tasteThus fed wi th h o ly fo od

,the wondrou s guest

W i th in the ho l l ow tomb ret ired t o rest .

D RYD EN . E nez’

d, BOOK V .

fE neas bel i eved that th is serpent was an attendant on the shade of Anch ises . He supposed , there

fore,that h is father was now elevated to the digni ty

of a god,for most of the gods had inferior de i ties

assigned to them as m i n isters or messengers .

Besides the sacrifices and other ceremonies at the

tomb,there were games and athl etic exerc i ses i n

honor of Anch ises,th is al so being one of the cus

toms Of the anc i ents in paying tribute to the mem

ory of thei r dead heroes . The pri nc ipal event i n

7

the gam es was a ship race .in which the most ski lfu l

Of the Trojan mariners took part . In th is contest

M nes'

theus wi th a sh ip named and Clo-art’

thus commanding the S cy lla performed wonderfulfeats of seamanship . S O equal ly were they matchedand so wel l d id they manage thei r vessel s that bothwould probably have reached the goal or winn i ng

post together,had i t not been for the interference

of the gods . The goal was a branch of an oak treefixed to a smal l rOCk in the bay fac ing the beach

on which the spectators were assembled . As the

S ay /la was approach ing the rock on the home run,

the P r z

’

sfz’

s, which had been pressing close behind ,shot al ongside

,andwas almost beak to beak wi th

i ts competi tor Then C loanthus stretch ing forth

his arm s to heaven , prayed the gods of the sea

to help him at that cri ti cal moment,prom i sing

that he would Offer sacrifices of thanksgiving on

the i r al tars,i f he should win the race . His prayer

was qu ickly heard . From the i r palaces in the deep,

the N e- re’ ids , N eptune’s band of attendants and

assi stants , rushed to h is aid,and with his m igh ty

hand Por-tu’nus , the god of harbors , com ing beh ind the S cy /la , pushed the vessel al ong , speed i ngher forward more swiftly than the wind .

A nd Old Po rtunu s w i th h i s bread th o f hand,

Pu shed on and sped the gal ley to the land,

78

Swift as a shaft, or winged wind , she fl ies,

A nd dart ing to the port, ob tains the pr i ze.

D RYDEN , E nez’

a’

,BOO K V .

C loanthus was declared vic tor and rece ived the

first prize— a rich mantle embro idered i n gold,

The second prize was given to M nestheus, and

sui table rewards were al so bestowed on the crews .After the ship race fE neas and the vast mul ti

tude of Trojans and S i c i l ians proceeded to a grassy

plai n not far from the shore where the other games

were held . The first was a foot race i n which a

large number took part . Among them ! were

E u-ry’

a- l us and N i’sus,Trojan youths famed for

the i r m utual friendship , and D i-O'res , a young

prince of Priam ’s royal l i ne . Among the S i c i l ian

competi tors were S a’l i-us and Pa’tron , and two

young men ,E l’y-mus and Pan

’

O -pes , compan ions of

K i ng Acestes .The signal having been given , the racers darted

Off l ike l igh tning . N i sus quick ly took the leadspringing far away ahead of the rest. N ext ,but at a IOng distance came S alius, and afte r him

Euryal us , fol lowed by E lym us , with D i ores close

by hi s side . N i sus would have reached the goal

first , but j ust as he was approach ing it , he lost his

foothold at a S l ippery spot on the course , and fel lhead long upon the ground S eeing then that i t

b r aw n by

T HE FOOT RACE.

80

was not possib l e for him to win , he though t of h i sfri end E uryal us , and rising from the ground hese t h imself right i n the way of S alius who was

rush ing forward .

E’

en then affect i on c laim s i t s part ;E u ryal u s is in h i s hear t ;Upr i s ing from the sodden c lay

,

H e cas ts h imsel f in Salius’ way ,A nd Salius tr i pped and sprawl ing lay .

CON INGTON , E ngin’, BOOK V .

This gave the vic tory to E uryal us, but S aliusprotested agai nst the foul play by wh i ch he hadbeen defeated , and claimed that he was enti tled to

the first prize . fE neas, however, decided that theprize should go to him who had actual ly reached

the goal first. N everthel ess , he gave S alius a l ion ’sh ide

,heavy wi th shaggy fur and gil t c laws . N i sus

,

too , claimed a reward , and fE neas sympath isi ng

wi th h i s m i sfortune , presented to him a sh ield of

beautiful workmansh ip , which had been taken fromthe pil lars of N eptune ’s temple i n the

’

c i ty of Troy.

Games of boxing and archery— shooting wi th

bows and arrows— came next. In the lat ter contest, king Acestes and M nestheus took part . The

other competi tors were E u-ry’

ti-on andHip-poc’o-on .

F or a mark to shoot at, they ti ed a pigeon to thetop of a tal l mast set firm ly i n the ground . Hip

8 1

pocoon won the first chance i n the drawing of lots.H i s arrow struck the mast wi th such force that i t

fixed i tself i n the wood . The arrow of M nestheus

broke the cord by which the pigeon was attached to

the mast,and as she flew Off, Eurytion discharged

‘

his shaft wi th so true an aim that i t k i l l ed the b i rd .

Acestes,who had drawn the last lo t , now fired ,

though there was noth ing to shoot at, but hi s arrowas i t winged i ts way h igh into the air, presented tothe spectators a marvelous sigh t.

E’

en in the mid expanse of sk iesT he arrow k ind les as i t fl ies

,

Beh ind i t draws a fiery glare,

Then wast ing,van i shes in air .

Com m ou E ma,BOOK v .

fE neas i nterpreted th i s wonde rful event as a sign

of the wi l l of the gods that A cestes should rece ive

the honors of vic tory, and so he presented to him a

goblet embossed i n gold , which had belonged tohis father Anchises . But prizes were given to Eurytion al so and to the other archers . Then fol lowed

the last of the games of the day, a grand exhibi tion

of horsemansh ip,i n wh ich a number of the Trojan

youth , —ch ief amongst them the boy Iulus ,— took

the leading part .Thus d id fE neas pay honor to h i s fath er

’s

memory . Meantime the unrel ent ing J uno was

STO . OF XE N E A S 6

82

devising schemes to prevent the hero and his companions from reach ing the i r prom i sed land . With

th is Obj ect she sent her messenger I ’ri s down to theTrojan women

,who sat together on the shore whi l e

the men were assembled at the i r gam es,for at these

exerci ses femal es were not al lowed to be spectators.As the women sat on the beach , looking out uponthe sea,

they thought and talked of the hardsh ipsthey had endured duri ng the i r long wanderings ,and lamented their wretched lot in having sti l l somuch to suffe r before they could find permanent

homes to settl e i n .

A las ! ( said one) what oceans yet remainF or u s to sai l ! what labors to su stain !A l l take the word , and, wi th a general groanImpl ore the god s for peace, and places of thei r own .

D RYDEN , E nez’

d,BOOK V .

I ri s j o ined i n these complaints, and they thought

she was one of them selves , for she had assumed the

appearance and dress Of a Trojan , and pretended to

be Ber’o-e,a Trojan woman who was j ust then on

a sick bed in her own chamber. ! U nhappy are

we,

” cri ed the fal se Beroe ; ! far better for us wouldi t have been if we had died by the hands of theGreeks before the wal l s of our native c i ty ! What

m i serable doom does fortune reserve for us ? Theseventh year since the destruction of Troy has

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84

Own form , mounted i n to the sky. Then the T rojanWomen , astoni shed at what they had seen

,and

exci ted almost to madness , cri ed out with a loudvoice , and, se izing brands from the al tars

,they

rushed to the sh ips.

They shr iek al oud ; they snatch with imp i ou s hand sT he food of al tars ; firs and flam ing brand s

,

Green bough s and sap l ings,m ingled in the i r haste

,

A nd smok ing torches,on the sh i p s they Cast .

D RYDEN , E nez'

d,BOOK V .

The ships were now on fire and the alarm quicklyreach ing the men,

they rushed to the shore and

endeavored to subdue the flames , whil e the womenal ready regretti ng the i r fol ly, fled in terror from the

scene . But in spi te of the efforts of the men the

fire rapidly spread , and i t seemed as i f the enti reT rojan fleet was doom ed to destruction. Then the

pious fE neas, with upraised hands , prayed to J upi terfor help

,and immed iately there came a great rai n

storm ,and the wate r descended in torrents , unti l

every spark was exti nguished . Four Of the ships,

however, were destroyed .

fE neas was much d istressed by th i s m i sfortune ,andhe began to th ink that i t might be be tte r, evenin

d isregard of the fates, and the propheci es , to remai ni n S i c i ly

,than to make any further attempt to reach

the prom i sed I tal ian land . But one of h is people,

I

8 5

an Old anda very wise man, named Nau’

tes, stronglyurged that the wi l l of the gods ought to be obeyed .

As to those who were weary of the enterpri se— theaged

,the feeb l e , and such of the women as were

not wil l i ng to undergo further fatigues at sea— he

advised that they should be l eft under the protection of Acestes , who, being himself of T rojan blood ,would doubtless grant them a settlement in his

ki ngdom .

Your fr iend Aces tes i s o f Tro jan k ind ;To him d i sc l o se the secret s o f your m ind ;Here you may bu i ld a common town for all

,

A nd,from Acestes ’ name

,A cesta cal l .

D RYD EN , E nez'

a'

,BOOK V .

While fE neas was sti l l in doubt what course to

pursue,his father appeared to him i n a dream and

bade him do as Nautes had advised . Acestes wi l l

ingly consented , and so a Trojan colony was

formed in S i c i ly, and fE neas marked out wi th a

plow the boundari es of the new c i ty, which he

cal l ed after the king’s name S oon afte rwards

preparat ions for departure were made , and fE neasset sai l , accompanied by all of h is peopl e who were

sti l l wi l l i ng to fol low his fortunes, and strong

enough to endure further toi ls and hardsh ips .

They had a safe voyage to I taly , for Venus had

entreated N eptune to protect her son and h is flee t.

86

The god of the ocean was favorab l e , and heprom i sed to take care that the Trojans should reachthei r desti nation i n safe ty. But there was to beone excepti on .

! O ne l ife , he said , ! shal l be givenThe vic tim was the famous pi lo t Pal ifo r many.

nurus, andthe poet tel ls .us that h is fate was broughtabout by the action of S om'nus

,the god of sl eep .

This god taking upon h im self the l ikeness of

Phor’

bas, one Of the sons of Priam ,who was ki l led

duri ng the Trojan war, appeared to Pal i nurus

during one of the watches of the night, and tri ed topersuade him to l ie down and sl eep, whi le he himselfwould stand at the helm and steer the sh ip . But

Pal inurus refused to qui t h is post. Then the treach

erous god waved before h i s eyes a branch that had

been dipped in the S tygian Le’the , the fabled river

of forgetfulness,and soon the pi lot dropped off i nto

a deep slumber, duri ng which S omnus l eaningheavi ly upon him ,

plunged him headlong into the

waves .ZE neas was deeply grieved at the loss of h is fai th

ful p ilot. He him self took charge of the sh ip , and

the whol e fleet,secure under the protection of Nep

tune,

’ reached the I tal ian coast wi thout further

m i shap .

V . T H E S IBY L O F CUM /E — T H E GOLDE N

BOUGH— IN T H E REG IONS OF

THH S DE A D.

XE N E A S was now i n I taly, but not in the part ofi t where the destined ci ty was to be founded . Theprophet

,Helenus , as we have seen , haddi rected him

that when he reached the Hesperian land he shouldvisi t the Cu-mae

’

an S i byl , and l earn from -her what

d ifficul ti es he was yet to encounter, andhow to over

come them . Cumae, where the S ibyl dwel t, was onthe coas t of Cam -pa’ni-a, and to thi s place , therefore ,PE neas d i rected his course after l eavi ng S i c i ly.

Having safely landed , the hero lost no time i nmaking his way to the templ e Of Apol lo , for i n a

cave adj oin ing th is temple and communicati ngwith i t by a hundred doors and as many avenuesor corridors, the S ibyl gave her answers.There were many s ibyls i n ancien t times . The

most celebrated was the S ibyl of Cumae. S he had

several names , but the one adopted by Vergil i sD e-iph

’

O-be. Apol lo once fel l i n love with th is Sibyland he prom ised to give her whatever she should

[87]

88

ask if she would marry him . De iphobe asked tol ive as many years as she hadgrai ns of sand in her

hand at the time . S he forgot, however, to ask for

the continuance of heal th and youth , of which she

was then in possess ion . Apol lo granted her requestbut she refused to perform her part of the bargai n ,and soon afterwards she became aged and feeble .S he had al ready l ived seven hundred years whenfE neas came into I taly, and she had three cen

turies more to l ive before her years would be as

numerous as the grai ns of sand wh ich she hadheld i n her hand .

As fE neas with several of h is companions ap

proached the cave, they were met at the outer

entrance by the S i byl herself. Then the Trojan

hero,after a prayer to Apoll o, begged the good wil l

of the prophetess that her answers m ight be favor

able to him and h is people .

A nd th ou,O sacred maid , insp ired to see

T he event o f th ings in dark fu tur i ty 'G i ve me

,what heaven has prom i sed to my fate,

To conquer and command the Lat ian s tateTO fix my wander ing god s , and find a p laceF or the l ong ex i les of the Trojan race.

D RYD EN , E nez’

d, BOOK VI.

Nor d id [Eneas forget to beg the S ibyl , as H elenus had di rected him , to give her revelations by

89

word Of mouth , and no t on l eaves of trees , as was

her custom .

But,oh comm i t not thy prophet ic m ind

T O fl i tt ing leaves,the spor t of every wind

,

Les t they d i sperse in air our empty fateWr i te not

,bu t

,what the power s orda in

,relate .

D RYD EN z E nez’

a’

,BOOK V I .

The S ibyl grac iously consen ted , and then thesp i ri t of prophecy having moved her , she told

fE neas of the dangers that yet lay before him , dan

gers far more form idable than any he had hi therto

encountered .

E scaped the dangers of the watery rei gn,

Y et more and greater i l l s by land remain .

T he coast so l ong des ired ( nor doub t the event) ,Thy troops shal l reach

,bu t

,hav ing reached

,repent .

Wars horr id war s,I v iew — a field of b l o od

,

A nd Tiber ro l l ing wi th a pu rp le flood .

D RYDEN , BOOK V I .

But [Eneas was not d i scouraged by th i s terribl e

prophecy . He was ready , he said , to me e t the

worst that could com e , and now he was about toundertake an enterpri se more arduous than any thesoothsayers had told him of. This was a descent

into the regions of Pl uto the land of the deadto vi si t the shade of h is father, who i n a dream had

requested him to do so , tel l ing him that the Cumaean

90

S ibyl wou ld be h i s gu ide , for the entrance to theLower World was near L ake A -ver’nus , not far

from the cave of the prophetess .fE neas, therefore , entreated the S i byl to consent

to be his conductor that so he m igh t comply withhi s father’s w i sh . I n reply to th i s request the

prophetess warned the Trojan chief that the under

taking was one of great danger. The descent i ntothe kingdom Of Pluto , she said , was easy , but, to

return to the upper world— that was a task difficul t for mortal s to accompl i sh . Few there were whohad entered the gloomy realms of D is , to whom i thad been perm i tted ever to retrace the i r steps .

T he j ourney d own to the aby ssI s prosperou s and l i gh t ;

T he palace-gates of gl oomy DisS tand open day and n i ght

Bu t upward to retrace the wayA nd pas s into the l igh t O f day ,There comes the stress of labor ; th i sM ay task a hero ’s m i gh t .

CON INGTON , E nez‘

d, BOOK VI.

N evertheless i f [Eneas were sti l l determ ined on

th i s peri lous j ourney she was wil l i ng to aidhim and

be his guide . But one th i ng, she said , must first be

done . In the woods around the cave was a tree onwhich grew a bough wi th leaves and twigs of gold .

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92

presently perched upon a tree , and from out thefol iage of th is tree , as the Trojan ch i ef approached

i t, there flashed upon h is eyes the gleam of the

golden bough . Eagerly he plucked Off the branch,

andgladly bore i t to the cave of the S ibyl .They now se t out on thei r peri l ous j ourney. At

the mouth of the gloomy cavern by the s ide of

Lake Avernus, which was the opening to the road

that l ed to Hades — the k i ngdom of the dead

they Offered sacrifices to the gods . Then theypl unged into the cave , the S ibyl going first

, and

fE neas fol lowing wi th sword drawn,as his guide

had di rected . Many strange and terr ib le sigh ts

they saw on the way.

Fu l l in the m id s t an aged elm

B rood s dark ly o’

er the shadowy realmThere dream - land phantom s res t the wing

,

M en say , and’

neath i t s fo l iage c l ing,

A ndmany monstrou s shapes bes ide.

There Centaurs,Scy l las

,fish andmaid

There Br iareu s ’ hundred -handed shade.

CON INGTON , E nez'

a’

, BOOK VI.

fE neas was about to rush on these monsterswi th hi s sword

,when the S ibyl i nformed him that

they were no real bei ngs but m ere ly phantoms .Then they came to the S tyx— the river Of Hades

,

over wh ich the ferryman Cha’ron'

, grim and long

93

bearded , conveyed the departed spi ri ts, i n h i s i roncolored boat

,us ing a pole to steer with .

T he watery passage Charon keep sS o le warden of these mu rky deep s .

CON INGTON , E nez’

a’

, BOOK VI.

No l iving bei ng was perm i tted to ente r Charon ’sboat, or to cross the S tygian river wi thout the pass

port Of the golden bough . Th i s could be obtai nedonly by spec ial favor of some powerful god, and few

had been so favored . Even the dead , if the i r bodies

had not rece ived burial ri tes , were refused adm is

sion to the boat, unti l they had wande red on the

shore for a hundred years . S O the S i byl to ld fE neaswhen he inqui red why some were ferri ed over

,wh i l e

others were driven back, lam enting that they werenot al lowed to pass to the i r destined abode .

T he ghosts rej ected are the unhappy crewDepr i ved of sepu lchres and funeral dueT he boatman

,Charon th ose

,the bu r ied host

H e ferr ies over to the fu rther coas tN or dares h i s transport vessel cros s the wavesWith such whose bones are not composed in graves .

A hund red years they wander on the shoreA t length , their penance done , are wafted o

’

er .

DRYD EN,E neid

'

,BOOK V I .

One Of these unhappy spi ri ts fE neas recogni sedas that Of his pi lot Pal i nurus

,who told the hero

94

that he had not been drowned, or plunged into the

sea by a god , for he did not know of the treacheryof S omnus . He had fal l en overboard

,he said

, and

kept afloat for three days, cl inging to the helm ,

which he had dragged away wi th him . O n the

fourth day he hadswam ashore on the I tal ian coast ,and

! would have been out of danger,had not the

c ruel nat ives there fal l en upon him with the i r

swords . H is body he said was now toss ing about

in the waters of the harbor of Ve’l i -a,and he

begged z’E neas to seek i t out and give i t burial ,

or, i f th is was impossibl e , to devise som e means ofhelp ing him across the S tygian river. This latter

proposal the S ibyl forbade as impious , saying that

the decrees of the gods could not be thus al tered .

But she consoled Pal inurus by predicting that the

peopl e of Vel ia should be pun i shed by plagues from

heaven unti l they erected a tomb to h is m emory ,and that the place should forever bear h is name .

The modern nam e of the place i s Capo a’z

’

P ali

mn/o Cape of Pal i nurus .

fE neas and h is guide now approached the river .

Charon at once seeing that they were mortal

beings,roughly ordered them to advance no further.

M ortal,whate’

er,who th i s forb idden path

In arms presum’

st to tread I charge thee s tandA nd tel l thy name

,and bu s iness in the land !

Dr aw n by Var za n .

[ENEAS CRO S S ING T H E S T Yx .

96

Know,th i s the realm of n i ght— the S tygian Shore ;

My boat conveys no l i v ing bod ies o ’

er .

D RYDEN , E nez’

d, BOOK V I .

The S ibyl answered that her compan ion was theTrojan fE neas, i l l ustri ous for piety and val or

,who

desi red to go down to the shades to see andconversewi th his father Anchi ses . Then from underneathher robe she produced the golden bough .

No more was need fu l ; for the gl oomy godS tood mute with awe

,to see the go lden rod;

Adm ired the dest ined o ffer ing to h i s queenA venerab le gi ft

,so rarely seen .

DR YD EN,E nez

’

a’

, BOOK V I .

The two mortal s were now received i n to the boat

andsoon ferri ed safely to the other side . There they

saw the three-headed watchdog Cer’

be-rus,whomade

the dreary region resound wi th hi s frightful barking.

The S i byl flung him a cake composed of honey and

drugged grai n,which he greed i ly swal lowed . Then

the monster fel l i nto a deep sleep . The passage

bei ng thus free,they proceeded on the i r way. S oon

they came to th e place where the j iidge Mi’

nos sat,exam in i ng into the l ives and crimes of departed

mortals .

M inos the str ict inqu i s i tor,appears ;

A nd l i ves and cr imes,with h i s asses sors hear s .

97

Round,in h i s urn

,the b lended bal l s he ro l l s

,

Ab so lves the j u st,and dooms the gu i l ty sou l s .

D RYDEN,E nez

‘

a’

, BOOK V I .

In one of the outer regions of the shadowy worldhe had now entered , a region which the poet cal l sthe Mourn ing F i e lds , fE neas beheld the shade of

the unhappy Carthagin ian queen .

Whom when the Trojan hero hard ly knewOb scure in shades

,and wi th a doub tfu l v iew

,

With tear s he fi rs t approached the su l len shade ;A nd as h i s l ove insp ired him

,thu s he said

‘

Unhappy queen ! then i s the common b reathO f rumor true

,in your reported death

,

A nd I,alas ! the cau se — By Heaven

,I vow

,

A nd all the power s that ru le the realms bel owUnwi l l ing I for sook your fr iend ly state

,

Commanded by the god s,and forced by Fate.

D RYDEN,E nez

’

d,BOOK V I .

But the mournful shade made no answer to theTrojan hero ’s vows and regrets .

Di sdainfu l ly she l ooked ; then tu rn ing round,

S he fixed her eyes unmoved upon the ground ;

A nd,what he says and swears

,regard s no more

Than the deaf rocks,when the l oud b i l l ows roar

Bu t wh i r led away,t o shun his hatefu l s igh t

,

Hid inthe forest,and the shades of n i ght :

Then sought Sichaeus through the shady grove,

Who answered all her cares,and equal led all her l ove .

DRYD EN , xE nez'

a’

,BOOK VI.

ST O . O F E NEAS 7

98

They next came to the F i eld of H eroes , where

fE neas'

saw the shades ofmany of h is brave com rades

of the Trojan war. The ghosts crowded round him,

standing on the right hand andon the l eft . N or were

they sat i sfied wi th see ing him once . They wished to

detain him a long tim e , to talk wi th him and l earn

the cause of h is strange visi t . But the S i byl warnedhim that they must hasten forward , and presently

they came to a place where the path d ivided i tself

into two . The right led by the wal ls Of Pluto’spalace to the happy F i eld of E—lys

’

ium ,the land o f

the blessed . The left path l ed to Tar’ta-rus , theabode Of the wicked . A t th is place fE neas saw a

vast prison , inclosed by a tripl e wal l,around which

flowed/

the Phleg'

e-thon a river of fire . In front of

i t was a huge gate of sol id adamant .

There rol l s sw i ft Plegethon,wi th t hund

’

ring sound ,Hi s broken rocks

,and wh i rl s h i s su rges round .

On m i gh ty col umns rais’

d sub l ime are hungT he massy gates impenetrab ly strong .

In vain wou ld men,in vain wou ld god s ess'ay

,

T o hew the beams of adamant away .

P I T’I , E uel‘

n’

, BOOK V I .

Deep groans and the grating of i ron and the clanking of chai ns were heard from out these wal l s . Noneexcept the lost souls , the S ibyl said , were al l owed topass the th reshold of Tartarus , and the pun i shments

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100

the air pure andbalmy. The happy spi ri ts were en

gaged in sports , such as hadbeen the i r pleasure when

i n the world above . S ome were wrestl ing on the

grassy plai n , others exerc i si ng wi th spear and bow,

others s inging and danc ing.

Their airy l imbs in sp ort s they exerc i seA nd

,on the green

,contend the wrest ler ’s pr i ze.

S ome,in hero ic ver se

,d i v inely s ing ;

O ther s in ar tfu l measures lead the r ing .

D RYDEN, E nez

’

d,BOOK V I .

On the bank of a beautifu l river the E -rid’a-nusflowin

'

g over sands Of gold , was a band of spi ri ts

whose heads were crowned wi th white garlands .These were the sp iri ts of patri ots who had fought for

their country, poets who had sung the prai ses of thegods

,

-

andmen who had improved l ife by the invention of useful arts . In this band was M u-sze

’

us, themost ancient of poets . Approach ing him the S i byl

i nqu i red where Anch ises m ight be found .

! None of

us here,

”

answered Musaeus , ! has a fixed abode .

We dwel l i n shady groves , or l i e on the banks Ofcrystal s treams . But come over th is em i nence and

I wil l d i rect you to him you seek .

Musaeus then l ed them to a spot from which theycould view the brigh t E lysian fields around ,

and

pointed to a green dal e where at last they beheld

A nchises. T he hero hastened to approach h is fathe r ,

IO I

eager to embrace him , and thrice d id he attempt tothrow his arms about h is neck , but thrice d id theform escape h is hold , for i t was noth ing but th in air.

Thr ice,around h i s neck , h i s arm s he threw

A nd th r ice the fl i tt ing shadow S l i pped away,

L i ke wind s,or empty dream s

,that fly the day .

D RYD EN,{E m a BOOK v1.

Anch ises told h i s son much about the dwel lers i nE lysium . O n the banks of the river Lethe— the

river of forgetfulness — was a countl ess mul ti tude of

Spi ri ts wh ich , he said , were yet to l ive In earthlybod ies . They were the souls of unborn generations

ofmen . Amongst them , he pointed out to fE neas, the

spi ri ts of many of those who were to be his own de

scendants in the kingdom he was to establ i sh i n I taly.

T he father - sp i r i t lead sT he pr iestes s and h i s son through swarms of shades

,

A nd takes a r i s ing ground,from thence t o see

T he l ong proces s i on of h i s progenyDRYD EN , E nez

‘

a’

, BOOK V I .

From th i s ri s ing ground fE neas saw the shadowy

forms of future heroes of Rome— of R om’

u-l us,who

was to found the ci ty of B rutus , Ca-m i l’l us,Fa

'b i-us,and of the m ighty Caesars .

LO ! Caesar there'

and all his seed,

Iu l u s ’ progeny decreedTo pas s ’

neath heaven’s h igh d ome .

102

This,th i s i s he, so oft the theme

O f your prophet ic fancy ’s dream,

Augustu s Caesar,J ove’s own s train.

CON I NGTON , E nez‘

d, BOOK V I .

Anch i ses next told [ Eneas of the wars he should

have to wage , and i nstructed him how to avoid or

overcome every difficul ty. Then he conducted h i s

vis i tors to the gates of S l eep , through which the gods

of Hades sent dreams to the upper world— true

dreams through the gate of horn,and fal se dream s

th rough the gate of ivory . Here Anch ises left them .

Then departing by the ivory gate from the kingdomof the dead , they returned to the Cumaean cave , and

[ Eneas forthwi th proceeded to his sh ips.

S leep gi ves h i s name t o portal s twain ;One all of horn

,they say ,

Through wh ich authent ic spectres gain

Q uick ex i t int o day ,A nd one wh ich br i gh t w i th ivory gleam s ,Whence P l uto send s del u s ive dreams .Convers ing st i l l , the s ire attend s

T he travel lers on their road ,A nd through the i vory portal send s

From forth the unseen abode.

T he ch ief betakes him t o the fleet ,Wel l p leased again h i s crew to meet .

CON INGTON, E nez

'

a’

, BOOK V I .

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IO4

roaring of l i ons and the howl i ng of wolves , oncehuman beings , but transformed by the cruel goddessinto the shape of those savage animal s . Aided

,how

ever, by favorab l e winds sent by the fri endly N ep

t une , they sped away from th is dangerous spot,and soon they were near the end of thei r wan

derings. At the dawn of next morning they beheld a spac ious grove , th rough which a pl easant

river, t in ted wi th the hue of the yel low sand ,burst forth into the sea. This was the Tiber

on whose banks i n the d i stant future was to be

founded the c i ty i n which the descendants of theTrojan pri nce should hold imperial sway . fE neas,

though not aware that he was so close to the destined spot

,commanded h is pi lots to turn the ships

towards the land ,and j oyful ly they entered the river.

A l l around ,the Trojan ch i ef, as he gazed upon

the scene,could hear the swee t music of the groves .

E mbowered amid the s i l van sceneO ld Tiber wind s his bank s between,

Around, gay b i rd s o f d i ver se wing,

Accu stomed there t o fly or s ing,

Were flu tter ing on from spray t o sprayA nd sooth ing ether wi th thei r lay .

CON INGTON , E ner’

d,

’

BOOK VII.

The country i n wh ich the T rojans had now landed

was cal l ed Lati um ,andLa-ti ’nus was i ts k i ng. Like

most great k ings of anc ient times , he was descended

105

from a god . His father, Faunus , was the grandson

of S aturn , the predecessor and father .of J upi ter.Lati nus was advanced in years , and he had no

mal e hei r, but he had an only daughter, young and

beautiful , whose name was La-vin’ i -a. Many of the

princes of the neighboring states eagerly sought Lavin ia’s hand i n marriage . Ch ief amongst them was

Turnus , king of the Ru'tu- l i

,a brave and handsome

youth . Lavin ia’s mother, Queen A -ma’ta

,favored

the su i t of Turnus , and desi red to have him as herson -in-law .

But the gods had not wil led i t so , and they sent

signs from heaven— signs of thei r d i sapproval of theproposed un ion . In the inner court of the palace

Of Latinus stood a laurel tree which had been pre

served for many years wi th great reverence. Fromth is tree , i twas said , Latinus hadgiven the name Lauren

’

tines to the inhabi tants of the country . J ustabout the time the Trojan fleet was enteri ng the

Tiber an immense number of bees were seen tocluster on the top of the laurel tree , and soon l i nking together, feet to feet, they swung in a strange

manner from one of the boughs . The king’s sooth

sayer explai ned th is to m ean that a fore ign hero wasthen com ing into the country

,and that he would one

day be i ts ruler .About the same time , whi l e the princess Lavin ia

106

was bringing fire to an al tar where her father stoodpreparing to Offer sacrifice , the flame seemed to

catch her flowing hai r, and to envelop her whole

body i n i ts glowing l igh t , wi thout , however, i nfl ic tingthe sl ightes t i nj ury . The soothsayer declared that

th i s was a S ign that Lavinia would be great and fa

mous, but that through her war should come on the

peopl e .

T he nymph who scatter s flaming fires aroundShal l sh ine wi th h onor, shal l her sel f be crowned ;But

,caused by her irrevocab le fate

,

W ar shall the country was te,and change the s tate .

D RYD EN , E nez‘

a’

,BOOK V II.

The ki ng was much troubled bv these events andso he went into the wood , to the tomb of h is father,Faunus , by whom answers were given i n dreams tothose who ,

having Offered sacrifices , lay down and

S l ept under the trees . Lat inus, after perform ing the

necessary ceremon ies , soon heard the voice of h isfather warn ing him not to give h i s daughter i n mar

riage to any prince of h i s own country.

! A for

e igner,

” said he,

! i s com i ng who shal l be your son

in-law ,and his descendants shal l exal t our name to

the stars. From his race , un i ted with ours, shal l

spring m ighty men ,who shal l conquer and rul e the

world to i ts farthest l im i ts .K i ng Latinus d id not conceal h is dream . On the

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IO8

fai l ed , then you may hope for a settl ement after your

toi ls and i n that place you may found your first

c i ty. Here was that fam i ne of which he spoke .O ur calam i t i es are now at an end . Let us

,then

,

with the first l ight of to-morrow’s sun,explore th i s

country , ascertai n who are i ts i nhab i tants , andwhere

thei r c i ties are.

”

N ext day,when [ Eneas l earned what country he

was i n , and the name of i ts king, he sen t ambassa

dors a hundred of h i s ch iefs— to wai t on Lat i nusand beg h is fri endsh ip and assi stance

,fu rn ish ing

them wi th costly gifts for the king . The chiefshastened on the i r m i ssi on to Lati nus, and fE neasm eanwhi le began to mark out the boundari es of a

new ci ty .

When the Trojan ambassadors reached Laur en’

tum , the capi tal of Lati um , they were adm i tted tothe royal palace and brought i nto the presence of

the king,who was seated on h i s th rone— a magnifi

cent structure rai sed al oft on a hundred columns ,around which were numerous s tatues of the king’sancestors , carved in cedar wood . Lat i nus , afterc ivi l ly greeting the strangers , bade them say forwhat purpose they hadcome to I taly ; whether theyhad landed i n h is country because of having m i ssedthe i r course at sea, or through stress o f weather.He added that whatever was the obj ect of thei r

109

com i ng , they should rece ive k i nd treatment fromhim and his people .

To these fri endly words I l i oneus , speaking fo r

the Trojans,repl i ed that i t was no storm that sent

them to I tal y.

! Will ingly and with design , said

he , ! have we come to your shores, O king, afterhaving been expel led from a kingdom once themost powerful under the sun . O ur race i s derivedfrom J upi ter h imself, and our ch ie f, fE neas, descended from the gods , has sent us to your court.All the world has heard of the destruction of ourci ty , Troy . D riven by m i sfortunes over many

seas , we beg for a settl ement i n your country. Dar

danus , our ancestor, was born i n thi s land , and now

his descendants , di rected by the gods, come to thehome of the i r father.” They then presented to thek ing the costly gifts wh ich fE neas had sent.

Our pr ince present s w i th h i s request ,S ome smal l remains of what h i s s ire possessedTh i s go lden charger

,snatched from burning Troy

,

Anch i ses d id in sacr ifice empl oyThi s royal robe and th i s t iara woreO ld P r iam

,and th i s go lden sceptre bore

In fu l l assemb l ies,and in so lemn games

These pu rple ves t s were weaved by Dardan dames .

D RYD EN , E gzeza’

,BOO K VII.

After I l i oneus had ceased speaking , the king wass i lent for some time , pondering on the words of his

IIO

father wh i ch he had heard in the d ream . fE neas,

he thought, must be the fore igner, destined to be h isson-in-law , whose descendants shou ld rule the world .

Then he addressed the Trojans , sayi ng that what theyasked should glad ly be given , and requesti ng themto tel l the i r ch ief, fE neas, to visi t him .

! Bear th is

message too ,” said he , ! from me to your king. I

have a daughter whom the gods do not perm i t me

to give i n marriage to any of our own nat ion .

There is a pred i c tion that my son-in-law shal l be a

stranger, and that h is race shal l exal t our name tothe stars. I j udge that your ch ief i s the man thusdesti ned by the fates , and th is too is my own

wish .

”

Then Lati nus gave valuab l e presents to theTrojans— to each a steed from the royal stables ,wi th rich purple trappings. To fE neas him

self he sent a chariot and a pai r of horses of the

breed which the sorceress, C i rce , had Obtai ned fromthe sun-god

,her father. With these presents , the

Trojan ambassadors, mounted on thei r splend idsteeds

,returned to thei r ch ief, and j oyful ly informed

him Of the king’s message and i nvi tation .

But th i s fri endsh ip shown to the Trojans by K ingLati nus was not at all agreeab le to J uno . On thecontrary that unforgiving goddess was fi l l ed wi thgrief andanger when she saw fE neas and h i s people

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1 13

ous beings i n appearance , for i nstead of hair they

had serpents coi led around the i r heads . A lectounseen by Amata, shook her terrible locks , upon

which one of the repti l es darted into the dress of

the queen ; and, gl id ing unfel t around her body

infused into her heart a viol en t hatred Of the T rojans .

Unseen,unfe l t

,the fiery serpent sk ims

H i s banefu l breath insp i r ing as he gl idesNow l i ke a chain around her neck he r idesNow l i ke a fi l let to her head repai r s

,

A nd with h i s Circl ing vo l umes fo ld s her ha ir s.At firs t the s i lent venom s l id wi th ease

,

A nd se i zed her cooler senses by degrees .

DRYDEN , E nez’

a’

,BOOK

Amata now endeavored to turn the m i nd of Latinus against the proposed marriage , but he was not tobe moved from h is purpose of form ing an al l iancewi th the Trojans . Then the queen fil l ed wi th anger

rushed out of the palace , as i f in a frenzy,and hast

ening through the c i ty cal l ed upon the wom en of

Latium to espouse her cause and the cause of the i rcountry. S he al so carri ed off her daughter, and

conceal ed her in the mountai ns,to prevent her mar

riage wi th the hated Trojan .

Having thus kindled d iscord in the fam i ly of

Lati nus , Alecto next proceeded to Ar’de-a theR utulian capi tal . Here she assum ed the form of

S T O . O F /ENEAS 8

I I4

Cal’

y-be, an aged priestess of J uno’s temple , and

appearing to K i ng Turnus i n a dream as he layasleep in h is palace , urged him to take up armsagainst Lat i nus and the strangers. Turnus was notyet d isposed to take th i s course , and so he repl ied

to the seem i ng priestess, that her duty was to guard

the statues and temples of the gods , and he advisedher to l eave to men the managem ent of affai rs ofpeace and war. Enraged by the words Of TurnusAlecto now resumed her Fury’s form .

H er eyes grow st i ffened,and with sulphu r bu rn

H er h ideou s l o oks,and hel l i sh form retu rn

H er cu r l ing snakes w i th h i s s ings fi l l the p lace,

A nd open all the fur ies Of her faceThen

,dart ing fire from her mal ignant eyes

,

She cas t him backward as he s trove t o r i se .

D RYD EN , z fi ‘

nez’

d,BOO K VII.

Then crying out that she came from the abode ofthe d i re s is ters, and that wars and death were in her

hands , she flung a fire-brand at the king , and dis

appeared . Turnus started from h is sl eep , i n terror,and now his breast was fi l l ed wi th eager des i re

for war. Immediately he sent orders amongst hisch iefs to prepare to defend I taly and expel the

fore igners , declaring that he and h is people were amatch for Trojans and Lati ns combined .

Meanwhi l e Alecto, her m i ssion of d i scord not

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1 16

the field of battl e i nto the c i ty, carrying wi th themthe bod i es of thei r friends who had been slai n

,

and cryi ng to the gods and to K i ng Lat i nus for

vengeance upon the Trojans . J ust then K i ngTurnus appeared wi th a force of his R utulians,

and addressed the people i n words wh ich exc i ted

them to the h ighest pi tch of fury . H e told themthat fore igners had been invi ted to rul e i n thei rcountry

,and that the ch ief of the i n truders was to

have the pri ncess who had been promi sed to him

to be h i s wife .

Then a great mul ti tude of Latians andR utulianshastened to the palace of K i ng Lati nus , and de

manded that he should at once declare war agai nst

the Trojans . Lati nus refused to do what he knew

was agai nst the decrees of the gods , and he warnedthe people that evi l would come upon them i f they

persevered in the i r mad opposi t i on to the wi l l ofheaven . He al so warned Turnus that he would bepuni shed for i nc i ti ng such a war, and that he should

one day seek the aid of the gods , and seek i t in

vai n . As for h imself, he sai d , he was an Old man.

Thei r fol ly could deprive him only of a happy ending of a l ife which could not be much further pro

longed . He then reti red to hi s palace , and gave upthe re i ns of government, l eaving the people to pursue the i r Own course .

1 17

H e sa id no more,bu t

,in h i s wal l s confined

,

Shu t ou t the woes wh ich he too wel l d iv inedN or with the r i s ing storm wou l d vainly str i ve

,

Bu t left the helm,and let the vessel dr i ve.

D RYDEN , E nez’

d,BOOK V I I .

In spi te of the warning of the i r ki ng, the Latians

now resolved upon war agai ns t the Trojans and

they demanded that the gates of the temple of Janus

should be thrown open . Janus was the most anci ent

king who re igned in I tal y . When he died he wasworshipped as a god , and a magnificen t temp le was

erected in his honor. The gates of th is temple werealways open in t imes of war and shut i n times of

peace . They were opened by the king , and i n laterages , when Rom e was a republ ic , the president or

consul performed the ceremony dressed i n robes ofpurple and attended

'

by mul ti tudes of c i ti zens and

soldi ers,wi th the blaring of trumpets .

T wo gates of stee l ( the name of Mar s they bear,

A nd s t i l l are worsh i pped with rel igi ou s fear)Before h i s temple s tand the d ire abode

,

A nd the feared i s sues O f the fur i ou s god,

Then,when the sacred senate votes the war s

,

T he Roman consu l their decree dec lares,

A nd in h i s robes the sound ing gates unbar s .T he you th in m i l i tary shou ts ar i se

,

A nd the l oud trumpet s b reak the y ield ing sk ies .DRYD EN , E nez

'

d, BOOK V I I .

1 18

The Latians now requested the i r k i ng to un lockthe gates of the temp le of Janus i n accordance with

the ancient custom . Latinus refused sayi ng that

to do so would be a defiance of the gods . But the

goddess J uno , resolved that there should be no peace ,descended from the skies, and with her own handspushed back the bol ts of brass , and flung wide open

the gates . Then the cry of war went forth through

out the land and everywhere men began to prepare

for the confl ic t, giving up thei r work i n the fields to

get ready thei r spears and sh ields and battl e-axes .S oon a vast number of warriors was marshal l ed

under K ing Turnus to drive the Trojans out of

I taly. Vergi l gives a l ong l i s t of the famous ch iefs

who assembled on this ‘

occasion.

F i rst came Me-zen’ti -us, an E trurian king, fierce

i n war, but a despi ser of the gods . His own people

had expel led him from the i r country, for h i s c ruel ty,and he had taken refuge with K i ng Turnus . His

son Lausus al so came to the war with a thousand

men from the E trurian ci ty of A -

gyl’

la. N ext came

the brave A v-en- ti’nus , son of the renowned hero ,Her

’

cu- l es , who performed those marvel ous feats , of

which we read wi th wonder in the anc ient legends .A ventinus was a warrior Of terribl e appearance , h is

body covered wi th the shaggy h ide of an enormousl ion , the whi te tusks displayed above h is head .

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Dr aw n by Va r z'

rm .

CAM ILLA .

12 1

scians . S he was the daughter of K i ng Met'a-bus ,who

,l ike Mezent i us , had been driven from his king

dom by his own people , because he was a crueltyrant. In h is fl igh t, for the enraged people pursued

him to take h is l i fe , he carri ed wi th him h is infant

daughter Cam i l la. Com ing to the bank of a river

and sti l l pursued by his enem ies , he bound the child

fas t to h is javel in ,and hold ing the weapon in h i s

hands,he prayed to D i -a’

na, goddess of hunters and

hun ting, and dedicated h is daughte r to her saying ,To thee

,goddess of the woods , I devote th is ch i ld

to be thy handmaid , andcomm i tting her to the wind ,I implore thee to rece ive her as th i ne own Thenhe hurled the spear across the river

,and plunging

into the wate r swam to the other side , where he

found the javel in fixed in the bank,and the i nfan t

un inj ured .

After th i s ach i evem en t Metabus reti red to themountai ns

,where he led the l i fe of a shepherd . As

soon as the ch i ld was abl e to hold a weapon i n herhand , he trained her to the use of javel ins and

arrows and she grew up to be a brave and ski l lful

warri or. In course of tim e she returned to the king

dom from which her father had been expel led, and

becam e cel ebrated as a runner of wondrous speed .

V I I . ALL IANCE W IT H EVANDE R— VULCANM AK E S ARM S F OR fE N E A S— T H E

F A M OUS SH IELD .

M EANW H ILE ZE neas was considering how to defend himself and h is people agai nst the enemy who

was thus marshal l ing such m igh ty forces agai nst him.

He thought of many plans wi thout being ab l e todec ide upon any.

Thi s way , and that, he t urns his anxiou s m ind ;Th ink s

,and rej ect s the counsel s he des igned ;

E xpl ores h im se l f in vain in every part,

A nd gi ves no rest t o h i s d i s tracted heartDRYD EN , E nez

‘

d, BOOK V I I I .

But fortune agai n favored the pious ch ief. In adream the river god , T ib-e-ri

’

nus, arrayed i n garb of

green , wi th a crown of reeds upon h is head (old

Father Tiber h imself, the guard ian gen ius of Rome

i n later ages) appeared to him ,and told him where

to seek help . He repeated the prophecy ofH el enus

, about the sow wi th her l i tter of th i rty

young , and he di rected fE neas to repai r to Pallan-te’um , a c i ty further up the river, whose k i ng,

[122]

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124

When l o ! a sudden prod i gy ;A m i l k -wh i te sow is seen

S tretched with her young ones , wh i te as she,

A l ong the margent green.

[ E neas takes them,dam and brood

,

A nd o’

er the al tars pour s their b l ood,

T o thee,great J uno

,e’

en to thee,

High heaven ’s maj est ic queen .

CON I NGTON , E nez’

a’

,BOOK V I I I .

fE neas then started on h i s voyage,Father Tiber

making the passage easy by calm i ng h i s turb id river

so that i ts surface was as smooth as a peaceful lake.At noon next day the Trojans came i n sigh t of Pallanteum

,and soon afterwards they tu rned the i r sh ips

toward the land , andapproached the c i ty . J ust then

K i ng Evander, accompan ied by his son Pal las andmany of h is ch i efs , was offering a sacrifice to Her

cul es in a grove outside the c i ty wal l s . Alarmed at

the sudden appearance of the vessels,they made a

movement as if to depart i n haste from thei r al tars.But Pal las forbade them to i nterrup t the sacred ri tes

,

and advancing to meet the strangers , he addressedthem from a ris ing ground , asking who they w ere ,andfor what purpose they hadcome . E neas

, spea'

ki

i ng from the deck Of one of h is sh ips , and hol‘ding

in h is hand an ol ive branch , the emblem of peace,repl ied , saying , ! You see before you sons of Troy

,

and enem i es of the Latians , who have declared war

12 5

agai nst. us . We seek K i ng Evander. Bear him

these tid i ngs, and say to him that we have come

ask i ng for hi s al l iance i n arm s.

Aston ished at hearing that the vis i tors were the

i l l ustrious Trojans whose fame had al ready spread

throughout the world,Pal las invi ted them to land

and come as guests to h is father’s house . fE neas

gladly accepted the i nvi tati on , and the young prince

conducted them to the grove , and i ntroduced them

to K i ng Evander. This Evander was by bi rth a

Greek . He had com e from the Grec ian province OfAr-ca'di-a, and the c i ty he founded i n I taly he cal led

after the name of h i s native Arcadian c i ty of Pal lanteum . fE neas, however, had no fear that Evander,though a Greek

,would be an enemy of h is , for they

were both Of the same blood , being both descendedfrom Atlas , the m igh ty hero who of Old supported the

heavens on h is shoulders . Mercury , the father ofEvander, was the son of M a

'

i-a,a daugh ter of Atlas ;

and Dardanus , the founder of Troy, and ancestor ofi ts k ings , was son of E - l ec'tra,

another daughter ofAtlas . /Eneas rem inded Evander of th is relationsh ip and rem inded him also that the R utulians and

Latians were enem i es of Evander and his peopl e,

as wel l as of the Trojans .! They are the nation , said he , ! which pursue

you wi th cruel war, and they th ink that if they expel

126

us from the country, nothing can hinder them fromreducing all I taly under the i r yoke . Let us there

fore form an al l iance against th is common foe . We

T rojans have amongst us men stout of heart i nbattl e and experienced i n war.

Wh i le the hero was speaking, the k i ng kept

h i s eyes i nten tly fixed upon him , for in h i s face andfigure he saw the resemblance of the great Anch ises

,

whom he had known in past years . Then replying

to fE neas, he said , ! Great ch ief of the T rojan race,

I glad ly rece ive and recognize you . I wel l recol l ec t

the words , the vo i ce , and the features Of your father,Anch ises. F or I remember that P riam on h i s wayto visi t h is s i ster H esione i n Greece

,al so vi si ted my

country, Arcadia. Many of the Trojan pri ncesaccompani ed him ; but the most maj estic of themall was Anch ises . Much d id I adm i re him , and I

took. him with me to our Arcad ian ci ty Phe’

neus.

At his departure he gave me costly presen ts,a quiver

fi l l ed with Lycian arrows, a mantl e interwoven with

gold and two golden brid l es .” Evander concludedby consenting to the proposal of fE neas for an

al l iance agai nst the Lat ians

T he league you ask,I O ffer as your righ t ;

A ndwhen t o -morrow ’s sun reveal s the l i ght,

With swi ft supp l ies you shal l be sent away .

”

D RYD EN , E nez'

d, BOOK VI II.

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128

tai ls into h i s den , so that the i r footpri n ts seemed toShow that they had gone from the cave i nstead of

i nto i t. This tri ck had almost succeeded , for Hercules, after search ing i n vai n for the m i ssing ani

mals , was about to resume h is j ou rney,when a

lowing from wi th in the cave reached h is ears .

T he oxen at depart ing fi l lWi th no i sy u tterance grove and h i l l

,

A nd breathe a farewel l low ;When hark ! a hei fer from

-

the den

Makes answer t o the s ound againA ndmock s her wi ly foe .

CON INGTON E nez’

d BOOK V I I I .

Hercul es now knowing what had become of h iscattl e rushed to the top of the mount where he hadseen the giant, but Cacus fled i nto h is cave , and

i nstantly let drop the huge stone which he kept suspended by i ron chains over the entrance . Thisstone even the m ighty Hercules could not move fromi ts place

,for i t was held‘

fast by great bol ts on the

i nside . But search i ng around the mount for an

other entrance , he saw a rock overhanging theriver

,which formed a back for the cavern . Exerting

his ful l s trength,the hero wrenched this rock from

i ts fastenings , and hurled i t into the water. In theinterior of the den , thus laid open , Hercules sooncaugh t sight Of the robber, andcommenced to assai l

129

him wi th arrows and stones . Then the monsterbelched forth vol umes of smoke and flame , conceal

ing h imself i n a cloud of pi tchy vapor. But Her

cules now thoroughly enraged , rushed furiously i ntothe den

,and se iz ing Cacus by the throat, choked

!

him to death . Great was the j oy of the people

when they heard of the destruction of the monster,and ann iversary festival s had been held there ever

since i n honor of the del iverer.After K ing Evander had told th is story, choi rs Of

young and old men ,the pri ests cal led S a’l i -i, sang

songs about the great deeds of Hercules ; how when

a ch ild i n his c radle he had strangled the two ser

pents sent by J uno to destroy him , how he had slai nthe furious l ion of N emea,

dragged from Pluto ’s

realm s the three-headed dog Cerberus,and per

formed numerous other d ifficul t anddangerous feats .Evander and h is peopl e now returned to the ci ty

,

accompanied by thei r T rojan guests . The king

walked by the side of fE neas, and told him

many th ings about the trad i ti ons of the place,

and i ts early h istory. At one time,he said

,the

country had been ruled by S aturn,who

,driven from

the th rone of the heavens by h is son J upi ter, had

come to I tal y, and finding on the banks of the rivera race of uncivi l ized men, had formed them i n to asettled society . He taugh t them how to ti l l the

ST O . O F [ ENEAS — 9

130

ground , and i ntroduced laws amongst them, and

so peaceful and happy were they under hi s re ign,

that i t was cal led the Golden Age . One of thekings long after S aturn ’s re ign was Tiberinus

,

whose nam e was given to the river, andwho becamei ts guardian god .

The king then escorted zZE neas through the town

,

pointing out to him many places, destined to befamous in later h istory, for on that very groundRomulus bui l t h is c i ty

,and Pallanteum became the

celebrated Palatine Mount, one of the seven hi l l s ofRome . When they reached the royal palace , which

was not as large or magn ificent as palaces Often are,the king took pride i n mentioning that the great

H ercules , honored i n l ife , and after death wor

sh ipped as a god , had not d i sdai ned to accept hos

pitality under i ts roof.

H e spoke,and thfough the narrow door

T he great fE neas led,

A nd heaped a couch upon the fl oorWith leaves and bear - sk in spread .

CON INGTON E nez’

d, BOOK V I I I .

Wh i l e the Trojan chief was being entertai ned

by K i ng Evander, his mother Venus was much

troubled in m i nd th ink i ng of the danger which

threatened her son in his new settl em ent . S he

resolved that he should have all the aid i n her

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133

A re heard around the bo i l ing waters roarA nd smoky flames through fum ing tunnel s soar .

D RYDEN , E nez’

d, BOOK VI I I .

T O these workshops Vulcan forthwi th repai redto give orders for the arms which Venus requestedfor her son . He found his men i ndustriously at

work making wonderful th ings for the gods . S ome

were forging a thunderbol t for J upi ter, the rays or

shafts of wh ich were of hai l andwatery cloud , andglaring fire and the winged wind . O thers weremaking a war chariot for Mars , and others a sh ieldfor Minerva,

ornamented with serpent’s scal es Of

gold . When Vulcan entered , he bade them lay

as ide all those tasks.

My s ons ! ( said Vu lcan) , set your task s as ide ;Your strength andmaster sk i l l must now b e tr ied .

Arm s for a hero forge— arms that requ ireYour force

,your speed

,and all you r form ing fire .

D RYD EN , E nez’

a’

,BO'OK V I I I .

Instantly the Cyclops se t to work on the i r newtask , and very soon rivulets of mol ten gold andcop

per and i ron were flowing in flam ing furnaces . A

splendid sh i eld was made , which was a suffic i en t

defense in i tself against all the weapons of K ing

Turnus . O ther th ings necessary for war were al soput i n shape , and so the work of forging arm s forthe Trojan hero was vigorously prosecuted .

134

Mean time zZE neas h imself, after h i s n igh t

’s repose

i n the palace of Evander, was talking with the king

andhis son on the business which had bro ught him

to Pallanteum . The good wil l of Evander wasgreater than his means , for h is coun try was smal l

,

andon one side of i t was the terri tory of his enem ies ,the R utulians. He was not

’

able , therefore , to domuch for fE neas, but he knew where ample aid

could be obtai ned .

! In the neighboring state of

E truria, andnot far from th is spot,said he , ! stands

the ancient c i ty of A gylla,founded by a nati on

i l lustri ous i n war Mezenti us was recently i ts king,a cruel andwicked man. The people

,indignant at

his crim es , took up arms agai nst him and set fire toh is palace . He himself fled for protection to K i ngTurnus , with whom he now Is . The E trurians

therefore have resolved to make war upon Turnus ,and thei r sh ips and men are al ready assembled .

You,AZneas, must be the l eader of these peopl e , for

a soothsayer has told them that no native of I taly isdestined to subdue the R utulians, and that they must

choose a fore igner to be the i r commander i n the

war. They have i nvi ted me to lead them , but I am

too old to undertake such a task . I would have

sent them my son , but being born Of an I tal ian

mother,he i s of the people of th is land . You , how

ever,gal lant leader of the T rojans , be ing in the

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136

Pallanteum. Preparations for departure were now

made . Evander gave fE neas horses for h imsel f andh i s companions , andwhen all was ready

,the king

affectionately embraced his son, and bade him a

tender farewel l , praying to the gods that he m igh tl ive to see him come back i n safe ty.

The Trojan chief and h is warriors, among whom

were the fai thful. Achates and Pal las at the head

of h is four hundred horsemen , then set forth fromthe c i ty, am id the acclamat ions of the people . They

soon came with i n sight of the camp of the E trurians,

who,under the command of one of thei r ch ie fs

named Tarchon , had pi tched the i r tents on a wideplai n not many m i l es from Pallanteum .

But before j oi n ing his new al l i es , fE neas had a

meeti ng wi th h is goddess mother. Down from the

cl ouds she came , beautiful as the sun , beari ng wi thher the arms that Vulcan hadmade , and see ing her

son al one on the bank of a smal l stream ,in a

secluded val e , to which he had reti red for a brief

rest,she presen ted herself before him . At his feet she

placed the gifts she had prom i sed , tel l i ng him that

now he m igh t not fear to meet his foes in battle.! Behold ! ( she said) performed in every part

,

My prom i se made,andVu lcan’s labored art .

N ow seek,secure, the Lat ian enemy .

A nd haughty Tu rnus to the field defy .

D RYDEN , E nez'

d, BOOK V I I I .

I37

Beautiful arms and armor they were , such as could

be designed and fash ioned only by a god — a sword

and a spear , and a helmet wi th a blaz ing crest, and

a breastplate of flam i ng bronze , and greaves of gold

and electrum . But most wonderful Of all was the

shield,upon which were dep icted the glori es and

tri umphs i n late r ages Of the m igh ty men of Rome,

the descendants of I ulus , for Vulcan , be ing a god,

had the gift of see ing into futuri ty .

There,embossed

,the heaven ly sm i t h had wrought

( Not in the rol l s O f fu tu re fate untaught)T he war s in order ; and the race d i v ineO f warr i or s i s su ing from the J u l ian l ine.

DRYDEN , E m a,BOOK VI I I .

Vergi l ’s descripti on of th is propheti c sh ield occu

pies the concl uding portion of the e ighth book of

the /Eneid . I t i s a summary of notable events i nthe h i story of Rom e from the tim e of Rom ulus

,

who founded the c i ty, to the time of the EmperorAugustus . The ach ievements of Augustus are particularly dwel t on , for he was the friend and patron

of the poe t, and Vergi l , therefore , gave spec ial

prom inence to the part taken by him i n the extension of the great empi re . At the famous sea-battl eof Ac’t i -um (B. c . 31) near the promontory of Leu-ca

’te

i n Greece , Augustus , aided by A -grip’pa,defeated

the forces of Antony and th e ce lebrated Egyptian

Dr aw n by Va r z’

a n .

[ENEAS W IT H HIS W ON DERFUL ARMOR .

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140

Three hundred temp les in the town he p lacedWith sp o i l s and al tar s every temp le graced .

Three sh ining n i ght s and three succeedings day s,T he field s res ound wi th shou t s

,the street s w i th prai se

Great Caesar s i t s sub l ime upon his throne,Before A pol l o ’s p orch of Par ian st oneA ccepts the present s v owed for v ictoryA nd hangs the monumental crowns on h igh .

Vas t crowd s O f vanqu i shed nat i ons march al ong,

Var i ou s in arms,in hab i t

,and in tongue.

DRYD EN , E fzez'

d, BOOK V I I I .

fE neas vi ewed these scenes wi th wonder and

del igh t,though ignorant of what they m eant

,arid

putting on the beauti ful armor, he bore upon hisshoulder the fortunes of h is descendants .

These figu res,on the sh ield d i vinely wrought

,

By Vu lcan lab ored,and by Venu s brought

,

With j oy and wonder fi l l the hero ’s th ought .Unknown the names

,he yet adm i res the grace

A nd bear s al o ft the fame and fortune O f h i s race .

DRYD EN , E nez’

a’

, BOOK V I I I .

Vergi l ’s description of the Sh ield -of /Eneas i s inim i tation of Homer’s beautiful descripti on in theI l iad Of the sh ield Of Achi l l es, al so made by Vulcan .

V I I I . TUR N US ATTACK S T H E TROJAN CA M P

N ISUS A N D E U R Y A LU S .

A RRAY ED i n h is new and splendid armor, the

Trojan ch ief rej oi ned hi s compan i ons , and then

proceeded to the E trurian camp , where he formed

a l eague wi th Tarchon . Meanwhi le hi s enem i es

were not inactive,for J uno sent I ri s down from

heaven to the R utulian king to urge him tobesti r h im self against the Trojans . ! Time hasbrough t about in your favor, O Turnus , said them essenger Of J uno , ! what even the gods did not

dare to prom i se . zE neas, having left h i s friends

and hi s fleet has gone to gather forces agai nst

you in the c i ty of Evander and i n E truria. N ow

i s your opportuni ty . Why do you hesi tate to takeadvantage of

’

it ? Delay no longer,but sei ze

the camp of the Trojans , whi l e the i r l eader i sabsent.” Turnus recogn i zed I ri s , yet he knew notby whom she had been sent . But he repl ied that

he would qui ckly obey , whoever i t was that thus

cal l ed him to arms , and as he spoke,the goddess

vanished i n to the heavens , form ing in her ascent[ 141]

142

the beautifu l rai nbow, which was the sign of J uno’smessenger.

On equal w ings she po i sed her wei gh t,

A nd formed a rad iant rainbow in her fl i gh t .D RYD EN , E nez

’

a’

,BOOK IX .

Then the warriors were cal l ed to action, and

soon the whole army marched out into the openplai n , M essapus, the E trurian

,commanding the

front l ines , the sons of Tyrrhus i n the rear , and i nthe center Turnus himself. The Trojans wi th in

thei r camp , see ing the great c loud of dust which the

tread of the hosts Of the Latians rai sed on theplai n , knew what i t meant. S peedi ly they shut upthe i r gates and set guards upon the wal l s

,for Z-Eneas

at his departure had ordered them that i n case of

attack In h is absence , they should not attempta fight in the open field , but defend themselveswith in the i r ramparts . Turnus now tried to set

fire to the Trojan flee t,which lay i n the river

close at hand , but the sh ips of [Eneas could not

be destroyed for they were made of wood cut

from the forest of Cyb'

e-le, the mother of thegods . When the hero was build ing them at the

foot of Mount Ida,Cybele begged her son J upi ter,

to grant that the vessel s,bei ng constructed of pine

trees sacred to her, m ight be forever safe ~ from

destruction .

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I44

S ooner shal l Turnus burn up the seas than those

sacred pines . Gl ide on at your l iberty, you nymphs

of the mai n . I t i s the parent of the gods who

commands you . NO sooner were the words spoken

than the Sh ips all broke away from the i r fasten

ings,plunged out of sigh t into the depths of the

river,and reappeared in a moment as beauti ful

maidens , moving graceful ly al ong on the surface

Of the water.

NO soone r had the goddess ceased to speak ,When

,10! the obed ient sh i p s the i r hal ser s b reak ;

A nd strange to tel l,l i ke dol ph ins in the main

They pl unge thei r prows,and d i ve and sp r ing again ;

A s many beau teou s maid s the b i l l ows sweep,

A s rode before tal l vessel s on the deep .

D RYD EN , E nez’

a’

, BOOK IX .

The R utulians were astoni shed at th i s spectacle ,but Turnus was sti l l undi smayed , and speaki ng tohis people he declared that what they had j ust seen

was bad for the Trojans them selves , for that now

they had no l onger m eans of escape , thei r shipshaving disappeared . As for thei r much talked ofdestiny

,said he

,

! i t has been fulfil l ed,s i nce they

have reached the land of I tal y. But I also have

my desti ny , and i t i s to destroy the accursed race .They depend a great deal on the i r wal l s , yet they

have seen the wal l s of Troy go down in flames ,though they were bui l t by the hands Of N eptune .

14 5

I do no t need arms made by Vulcan , nor shal l weh ide ourselves i n a wooden horse . We shal l figh tthe Trojans openly ,

and we shal l teach them that

they have no t now to do with men l ike the Greeks,whom Hector baffled for ten years .Turnus then laid s iege to the T rojan camp . He

placed sentinel s outside the gates , and had watch

fires kindled at different po in ts around the wal ls,

after which h is men lay down on the field to rest.But during the night the guards fel l asleep

,for they

were fatigued after the labors of the day, and so the

whole besi eging army was now sunk i n deep repose .The Trojans on the other hand kept stric t watchwithi n thei r camp , and adopted all necessary meas

ures of defense .

A l l th ings need fu l for defence abound ;M nestheus and brave Serestus wal k the round

,

Comm i s s i oned by the ir ab sent pr ince t o shareT he common danger

,and dividex the care .

DRYD EN,E nez

’

d,BOOK IX .

The Trojan sentinels at one of the gates wereN i sus and Euryal us— al ready m en tioned as havi ngtaken part i n the foot race at the funeral games .

Love made them one in every thought ;In batt le s ide by s ide they fought ;A nd now in duty at the gateT he twain in common s tat i on wai t .

CON INGTON E ner’

a’

,BOOK IX .

ST O . OF E NEAS IO

146

Now N i sus had conce ived the idea of mak i ng h i s

way through the R utulian l i nes and conveying to

fE neas at Pallanteum news of the dangerous si tuation of h is people i n the besi eged camp

,and he

thought he would carry out his proj ect whi le the

enem y were all asleep outside the wal l s . Euryal usapproved of the enterpri se , and he begged that he

h imself m ight be perm i tted to take part i n i t. To

th i s N i sus obj ected,for he did not W i sh that h is dear

young fri end should be exposed to the danger of the

undertaking. The mother of E uryal us had accom

panied him all the way from Troy, and so great washer love for him that she refused to part from him

even to share the good fortune of the other Trojan

women who had settl ed in S i c i ly . N i sus was very

unwil l ing to be the cause Of gri ef to so devoted a

mother, by perm i tti ng her son to j oi n i n an exped i

t ion i n which he m ight l ose h i s l i fe .

N or let me cau se so d ire a smartTO that devoted mother ’s heart

,

Who,sole of all the matron train

,

Attend s her dar l ing o’

er the main,

N or cares l i ke others to sit d ownA n inmate of Acestes ’ t own .

CON INGTON , E ner‘

d,BOOK IX .

But Euryal us i nsi sted on accompanying h is friend,

and so after obtain ing the consen t of the ch i efs i n

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148

of the wood , but find ing that hi s friend had disap~

peared, he returned to search for him , Presently heheard the tramp of the horses , and looking forth froma thi cket i n which he had concealed h imself

,

he sawEuryal us i n the m idst Of the Latians

,who were drag

ging him violently along. Deeply grieved at the

sight, and resolvi ng to rescue his com rade , or d ie inthe attempt , N i sus , after praying to D iana,

the goddess of the woods, to guide h i s weapon in i ts course ,hurled a javel i n at the enemy . I t pierced the body

of one of the Latians named S ulmo , who fel l dead .

H is compan ions gazed around in amazement,not

knowing whence the attack had com e . N i sus then

cast another javel i n , and again one Of the Lat iansfel l to the ground . Enraged at see ing his men thus

slai n before h is eyes by an unseen assai lan t, Volcens

,with sword in hand , rushed upon Euryal us,

crying out that h i s l ife should pay the penal ty for

both . Great was the agony of N i sus at see ing his

fri end about to be put to death , and starting from

his concealment , he exclaimed aloud ,

! I am he whodid the deed . Turn your arms therefore On me.

”

M e me ( he cr ied ) turn all you r Sword s aloneOn me— the fact confessed , the fau l t my own.

H i s only cr ime ( i f fr iend sh i p can o ffend)Is too much l ove to his unhappy fr iend .

DRYDEN , E nez‘

d, BOOK IX .

149

But vai n was the effort of Nisus to save h i s friend,

for scarce had his last word been spoken whenEuryal us fel l l i fel ess to the earth , pi erced by the

weapon of Volcens. F i l l ed wi th grief and rage,

and eager to avenge the death of h is compan ion,

N i sus rushed i nto the m idst of the foe, seekingonly Volcens, andthough blows showered upon him

from all s ides,he pressed on unti l com ing up to the

Latian chi ef,he slew him with a s ingle thrust of h is

sword . Then covered wi th wounds , the brave T ro

jan dropped dead , fal l ing upon the body of the

fri end he had so loved . Thus these two sons of

Troy,companions in l i fe , were compani ons al so

in death . Thei r fri endsh ip,immortal i zed by the

Roman poet, became proverb ial .

O happy fr iend s for,i f my ver se can give

Immortal l i fe,you r fame shal l ever l i ve

,

F ixed as the Cap i to l ’s foundat i on l ies,

A nd spread,where’

er the Roman eagle fl ies I

DRYD EN , E nez’

d, BOOK IX .

Early in the morn ing Turnus cal l ed h i s men toarms , and with loud shouts all rushed forward to

the Trojan ramparts . Then a fierce confl ic t tookplace during which many heroes fel l on both sides .

after perform i ng wonderful feats Of valor. Therewas a wooden tower of great he igh t and strength

which stood outside the wal l,and was connected

148

of the wood , but find ing that h is fri end had disappeared, he returned to search for him ,

Presen tly heheard the tramp of the horses , and look i ng forth froma th icket in which he had concealed h imself

,

he sawEuryal us in the m idst of the Latians

,who were drag

ging him violently along. Deeply grieved at the

sight, and resolving to rescue his comrade , or d ie inthe attempt , N i sus , after praying to D iana,

the goddess of the woods

,to guide h is weapon in i ts course

,

hurled a j avel i n at the enemy . I t pierced the bodyof one of the Latians named S ulmo , who fel l dead .

H is compan ions gazed around in amazement, not

knowing whence the at tack had come . N i sus then

cast another javel in,and again one of the Lat ians

fel l to the ground . Enraged at seei ng his men thus

slai n before h is eyes by an unseen assai lan t,Vol

cens , with sword in hand , rushed upon Euryal us,

crying out that h is l ife should pay the penal ty for

both . Great was the agony of N i sus at see ing his

fri end about to be put to death , and starting fromh is concealment , he exclaimed al oud , ! I am he whodid the deed . Turn your arm s therefore on me.

”

M e me ( he cr ied ) tu rn all you r sword s al oneOn me— the fact confessed

,the fau l t my own .

H i s only cr ime (if fr iend sh i p can o ffend )Is too much love to his unhappy fr iend .

”

DR VDE N,fE nez

‘

a’, BOOK IX .

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150

wi th i t by bridges. The R utulians made great

efforts to break down th is tower, whi le the Trojansdefended i t by hurl i ng stones upon the enemy, andcasti ng darts at them through loopholes . S O thestruggl e cont inued unti l Turnus wi th a flam ingtorch set the bu ild ing on fire .

F ierce Tu rnu s fir s t a fi rebrand flingsI t str i kes the s ides

,takes ho ld

,and c l ings

T he freshen ing breezes spread the b laze,

A nd soon on p lank and beam i t prey s .T he inmates flu tter in d i smay

A nd vain ly wi sh to fly ;There as they hudd le and ret ireBack to the part wh ich ’scapes the fire

,

S udden the o’

erweigh ted mass gives way,A nd fal l ing

,Shakes the sky .

CON INGTON , E nez’

d, BOOK IX .

Only two Of the occupants of the tower H el’enor and Lycus— escaped destruction i n i ts fal l , but

on em erging from the ruins they found themselvesin the m idst of the R utulians. Hel enor see ing no

chance of saving his l ife , faced hi s foes l ike a l ionand died in the th ick of the fight. Lycus

,who was

a swift runner, fled towards the wal l s , dash ingthrough the l ines of the enemy . He had almost

grasped the summ i t of the rampart and reached theoutstretched hands of his fri ends when Turnus , who

had darted in pursui t, dragged him to the ground ,

15 1

and slew him , wh i l e he taunted him , saying, Fool ,didst thou hope to be able to escape our hands ?The battl e now became more furious. From

every quar ter were heard shouts of fighting men

and clash i ng of arms . Amongst the heroes of the

day was young Iulus,h i therto accustomed to use

h is weapons onl y i n the chase . His first arrow in

war was now aimed against the brother-in-law of

Turnus,a ch ief named N u-ma

’nus,who fought not

only wi th sword but wi th h is tongue,mocking at

the Trojans i n a l oud vo ice,i n front Of the Latian

l ines . ! Are you not asham ed , Trojans ,” cried he ,

! to be a second time shut up beh ind wal l s ? Whatmadness has brought you to I taly ? Know that i t

i s not Grecians , nor the crafty U lysses , you havenow to deal wi th . We are a hardy race . We dipour i nfan ts i n the rivers to inure them to cold . O urboys are trai ned to hunt i n the woods . Our wholel i fe is spent i n arms . Age does not impai r our

courage or vigor. As for you , your very dress i s em

broidered wi th yel low and purple ; indolence is your

del ight ; you l ove to indulge i n dancing and suchfrivolous pleasures . Wom en you are,

and not men.

Leave fighting to warri ors andhandle not the sword .

”

Leave men,l i ke u s

,in arms to deal

N or bru i se your l i ly hand s w i th steel .CON INGTON , E nez

‘

a’,BOOK IX .

5 2

The spi ri ted young Trojan pri nce could not patiently endure these insul ts , andso drawing h i s bowstring and praying to Father J upi ter, he sent forthh i s stee l-tipped arrow. Whizzi ng through the air

the weapon pierced the. head of N umanus , andat thesame moment I ulus exclaimed , Vai n boaster, th is i s

our answer to your i nsul ts . With shouts of j oy

the Trojans applauded the deed ,and loud were

thei r prai ses of the val or of the i r young ch ief.Even from on high cam e approving words , for j ust

then the fai r-hai red Apol lo , seated on a cloud , was

watching the confl ic t . And thus spoke the god i n

a l oud vo ice , GO on and i ncrease in val or, O youth .

S uch i s the path-way to immortal i ty, thou art thedescendant of gods , and from whom gods are to

descend .

”

U ttering these words Apollo cam e down from the

sky, and tak i ng the appearance of Bu’tes , formerly

the armor-bearer of Anch ises , but now the guardian

of Iulus , walked by the young prince’s s ide and ad

d ressed him ,saying, S on of fE neas, l e t i t be enough

for thee that by th ine arrow N umanus has fal l en .

Apoll o has granted to thee th i s glory ; but take no

further part in the confl ic t.” Then the god , throw

ing off his d isguise , ascended to the heavens . TheTrojan ch iefs recogni zed him as he departed , and

thus knowing that i t was the d ivi ne wi l l , they caused

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154

Iulus to reti re , whi l e they themselves agai n rushedforward to the battl e

They bend the ir bows ; they wh ir l their s l ings around ;Heap s of spent arrows fal l

,and s trew the ground ;

A nd helms,and sh ield s

,and ratt l ing arm s

,resound .

D RYD EN , E nez’

a’

,BOOK I X .

At th is poin t two brothers, Pan’da- rus andB i t’ i -as,

sons of the Trojan A l-ca’non,of Mount Ida, tal l and

powerful youths , th rew open the gate at which they

were posted as sentinel s , and standing withi n , oneon each side , they chal l enged the foe to enter. TheR utulians rushed forward as soon as they saw the

passage Open . S everal of them were slai n at thethreshold by the val iant brothers . Then some of

the Trojans sal l i ed out beyond the rampart , and a

fierce fight took place . K ing Turnus , hearing of

these events,hurried to the gate , and j o ini ng i n the

battl e , slew many of th e Trojan warriors . He

hurled a dart at Bitias, and so great was the force

of the blow that not even the huge senti nel ’s shi eld,

formed of two bul l ’s h ides , nor h is breastplates with

double scal es of gold , could resi st i t.

Not two bu l l -h ides the impetuous force wi thho ld,

N or coat of d oub le mai l,wi th scales of go ld .

Down sunk the monster -bul k,and pressed the ground

,

Hi s arm s and clat ter ing sh ield on the vast body sound .

DRYDEN E nez’

d, BOOK IX .

ISS

W hen Pandarus beheld h is brother stretched dead

on the ground ,and saw that the battle was going

against th e Trojans , he closed the gate , moving i tupon i ts h inges andfasten ing i t in i ts place wi th the

strength of his broad shoulders . S ome of h is ownpeople were thus shut out and left i n the m idst ofthe enemy , but in h is hurry Pandarus d id not noticethat amongst those who were shut i n was the fierce

K i ng Turnus.

Fond fo o l am id s t the no i se and din

H e saw not Tu rnu s ru sh ing in,

But c l o sed him in the embattl ed hold,

A t i ger in a hel p less fo ld .

CON INGTON , E nez’

d, BOOK IX .

As soon as Pandarus saw what had happened , hehurled a spear with m igh ty force at the R utulian king

,

eager to avenge h is brother’s death,

‘

but J uno turn

ing the weapon aside , i t struck into the gate, where

i t remained fixed . Then Turnus slew Pandarus wi tha swift stroke of his sword , exclaim ing , N ot so shal lyou escape .

”

T he Trojans who witnessed the deed ,fled terrified from the spot, and i f Turnus at th i smoment hadopened the gate andadm i tted h is Rutu

l ian warriors,that day would have been the last of

the war and of the Trojan race .

T he Trojans fly in wi ld d i smay ;O

,then had Turnus thought

156

To force the fasten ings of the gatesA nd cal l w i th in his val iant mates

,

T he nat i on and the war that dayA l i ke t o end had brought !

CON INGTON , E nez’

a’

, BOOK IX .

But Turnus thought only of slaying his foes who

were at hand and so he speedi ly put many of themto the sword . The Trojan ch i e fs M nestheus and

S ergestus , as soon as they heard that the i r people

were flee ing before the R utulian king , hastened up

and reproved them i n severe words. ! Whither do

you flee ? ” cri ed M nestheus.

! What other fortificat ions have you but th is ? S hal l one man be permitted to work such destruction in our camp ? Are

you not ashamed ? Have you no regard for yourunhappy country, your ancient gods , or your greatl eaders ?

Touched by these words , and inspired wi th freshcourage

,th e Trojans formed themselves i nto a sol id

body . Then turn ing round they made a firm s tand

against the R utulian chief, who now began toretreat towards that part of the camp which wasbounded by the river. The Trojans advanced

upon him with loud shouts , yet the brave king

would fai n have resi sted . As when a troop of

hunters press upon a fierce l ion,the savage an imal

,

too courageous to fly, yet dares not face the num

bers andweapons of his assai lants , so Turnus wi th

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IX . T H E COUNC IL O F T H E GODS - RETURNO F fE N E A S — BATTLE ON T H E S HOR E

DE A T H O F PA LLA S .

M EANW H ILE the king of heaven who had beenwatch ing the confl i c t on the

'

banks of the T iber,cal l ed a counc i l of the gods to consider whether i twould not be wel l to put an end to the quarrel between J uno and Venus over the fortunes of theTrojans. The divin i t i es assembled i n the i r goldencounc i l Chamber on Mount O lympus and J upi te raddressed them .

! Ye gods , sai d he , ! why do youseek to al ter the decrees of heaven ? I t was my desi re that the I tal ians should not make war upon the

men of Troy . Why then have you inc i ted them to

arms ? The time for confl i c t between the two

races favored by J uno andVenus has not yet come .

That time wi l l be hereafter when the Carthaginiansshal l put forth the i r efforts to rui n Rome . Then

indeed you shal l be free to take e i ther side in the

contest . For the present cease your quarrels , and

l e t the l eague agreed upon be tween fE neas and

Lati nus be ratified.

”

IS9

Thus spoke the k ing of heaven . Then Venusaddressed the gods i n behalf of her son , whosesufferings , she said , were due to the hatred of

J uno . S he recounted the vari ous attempts of

the unforgivi ng queen to destroy the Trojans

how o l us at her b idding had sent h i s storm s toscatter the fleet of fE neas, how I ri s , her messenger,had i nduced the Trojan women to set fire to theships at Drepanum , andhow at her request the Fury

Alecto had inc i ted Queen Amata and K i ng Turnusto war agains t the men of Troy.

J uno next addressed the counc i l , and spoke manybi tte r words agai nst fE neas and the Trojans, who ,she declared

,were themselves to blam e for all the

evi l s that had come upon them . The Greek waragai nst Troy had not been caused by her, but bythe Trojan Pari s , and for h i s conduct i n carry ing off

Helen , Venus was respons ible . As to the troublesin I tal y

,i t was true that /Eneas had sai l ed to that

country by the wi l l Of the fates , but why, she asked ,

d id he st i r up war among I tal ian nat i ons that hadbefore been at peace .

J uno having fin ished her speech agai nst the Trojans , and none of the other d ivin i t i es desi ring totake part i n the controversy, J upi ter then del iveredj udgment

,declaring that as the quarrel between

the two goddesses could not be am i cably settled,nor

160

peace brought about between the Trojans and I talians , the fates should take thei r course .

S ince Troy wi th Lat i um must contend,

A nd these your wrangl ings find no end,

Let each man use h i s chance to dayA nd carve h i s fortune as he may

E ach warr i or from h i s own good lanceShal l reap the fru i t of to i l or chanceJove deal s to all an equal l o t

,

A nd Fate shal l l o o se or cut the knot .CON INGTON , E nez

‘

a’

,BOOK IX .

Thus ended the counci l of the gods , andso by thedecree of the king of heaven the quarre l betweenthe Trojans and- I tal ians was left to the fortune ofwar.

Meanwhile the Trojans in the camp on the. Tiber

were being hard pressed by the enemy. As soon asTurnus had rej oi ned his army, the attack on the

ramparts was renewed wi th increased vigor, and thebrave M nestheus and his compan i ons , thei r forces

now much reduced in number, were beginning to

lose hope .

Hopeless of fl i gh t,more hopeless of rel ief

,

Th in on the t owers they stand ; and e’

en tho se few,

A feeb le,faint ing

,and dejected crew .

D RYDEN , E nez’

d, BOOK X .

But [Eneas was hasten i ng to the rescue . Having

formed the league with Tarchon, he lost no time i n

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162

i s besieged i n the camp , and pressed on all sidesby the Latian foe . Be ready then at the dawn of

morning wi th your troops,and bear with you to the

fight the arms and armor which Vulcan has made .To-morrow’s sun shal l see ‘

many of the R utulianenemy slain .

”

She ceased,and par t ing

,to the bark

A measu red impu l se gave ;L i ke wind - sw i ft arrow to i t s mark

I t dart s al ong the wave.

T he res t pur sue. In wonder ing awe

T he ch ief revo lves the th ings he saw.

CON INGTON ; fE nez’

a’

,BOOK X .

At dawn of morn ing the fleet came wi th i n vi ew

of the Trojan camp . Then fE neas standing on the

deck of his own vessel , held al oft hi s bright sh ieldmade by Vulcan . His people saw i t from the ramparts

,and shouted loud wi th j oy, and now,

the i r

hope be i ng revived , they assai l ed the enemy wi thfresh courage . The R utulians and Latians were

amazed at th is sudden change , not knowing the

cause , but looking back , they too beheld the fleet

approaching the shore .

The brave Turnus however was not d ismayed at

the sigh t . O n the contrary he resolved to give

battl e to the new foe wi thout delay, and so addressing h is men he bade them fight val iantly for the i r

163

homes andcountry,remembering the glorious deeds

of thei r ancestors .

! Y ou r s ires,your sons

,your hou ses

,and your land s

,

A nd deares t w ives,are all with in your hand s

Be m ind fu l of the race from whence you came,

A nd emu late in arms your fathers ’ fame .

D RYD EN , E nez‘

d, BOOK X .

Then he hurried to the shore with the mai n body

of his army, and fE neas having al ready landed hi s

companions and al l i es , a fierce battle began . TheTrojan hero performed wonderful feats of valor.F i rst he attacked the Latian troops, who were i nfront of the hosts of the enemy , and he slew thei rleader The ’ron

,a warri or of giant size . Through

his brazen shield and golden coat of mai l fE neassmote him with h is sword . N ext he sl ew Lycas,

and then Cis’seus andGyas , tal l men and powerful ,who

,with clubs

'

like the club of Hercules , had been

strik ing down the Trojans . Then a band of seven

warrior brothers,the sons of Phorcus, attacked the

Trojan ch ief,hurl ing seven darts upon him all

together, some of which rebounded from h is sh ield ,and som e , turned as ide by Venus , harml essly grazed

his skin . fE neas now cal l ed to the fai th ful Achatesto bring him darts— those with which on the plainsof Troy the bod i es of Grecian warriors had been

pierced

164

Those fatal weapons,wh ich

,inured t o b l o od

,

In Grec ian bod ies under I l i um st oodN ot one of those my hand shal l t o ss in vainAgains t our foes

,on th i s contended p lain .

D RYD EN , E nez’

d, BOOK X .

Graspi ng a m ighty spear, as soon as these weaponswere brought to him , fE neas hurled i t at Macon ,one of the brothers . I t pi erced through h is sh ieldand breastplate , and he fel l mortal ly wounded . A t

h is brother A lcanor , who had run to h is rel ief, fE neascast another dart

,which penetrated h i s shoulder ,

l eaving the warrio rs arm hanging l ifeless by hisbody. And now Hal-ae

’

sus wi th hi s A uruncian

bands , andM essapus, the son of N eptune , conspicu

ouswith hi s steeds , hastened up to encounter fE neas.

The fight then became more furi ous andmany wereslai n on both sides.

Thus Trojan and I tal ian meet,

With face t o face,and feet t o feet

,

A nd hand c l o se pres sed to hand .

CON IN G‘

I‘

ON , E uez’

d BOOK X .

I n another quarter of the field young Pal las ,fighting at the head of his A rcadian horsemen , sl ewmany ch iefs of the Latians andR utulians. Opposedto him was Lausus, son of the tyrant Mezen ti us .Lausus being hard pressed by the A rcadians

,K i ng

Turnus was cal l ed to h i s assi s tance , and rush ing up

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166

of the gods have fal len under the lofty wal l s of Troy .

Turnus too awai ts h is desti ny, and al ready he hasnearly arrived at the l im i t of existence l eft to him .

”

S o saying the king of heaven turned h is eyes fromthe scene of battl e .

Pal las now hurled his spear with great force .

The weapon struck the armor of Turnus near h i sshoulder

,andpierc ing through i t, grazed h i s body.

Then Turnus poising his sharp steel - tipped javel i n .

darted i t at Pal las . Through the cen tre of h is

many-plated sh ield and the folds Of h is corsel e t thefatal shaft passed into the breast of the brave youth

,

i nfl i c ting a mortal wound . Down on the earth he

fel l,and Turnus approach ing the dead body ex

claimed,

! Y ou Arcad ians carry these my words to

your king . In such pl ight as he deserved I send hisson back to him . His league of fri endsh ip wi th

fE neas shal l cost him dear.”

Then Turnus stripped from the body of Pal las

a beautiful bel t, embossed wi th figures carved ingold

,and putting i t on h is own armor, tri umphed

in the spo i l . I t proved to be a fatal possession for

Turnus .

O mortal s ! b l ind in fate who never knowTo bear h igh fortune

,or endu re the l ow !

T he t ime shall come when Turnus,bu t in vain

,

Shal l w i sh untouched the troph ies of the slain

168

Shal l w i sh the fatal bel t were far away,

A nd curse the d ire remembrance Of the day .

DRYDEN , E nez’

d, BOOK X .

The body of the brave young prince was laidupon his shield , and borne away from the field of

battl e , accompanied by a numerous retinue of h i ssorrowing fri ends .

O sad,proud though t

,that thu s a son

Shou ld reach a father ’s door !Thi s day beheld you r war s begun ;Th i s day behold s them o

’

er,

CON INGTON , E nez’

d,BOOK X .

The news of the fate of Pal las soon reached E neas,

who was deeply distressed at the thought of thesorrow the youth ’s death would bri ng upon h is agedfather Evander. Eager fo r vengeance , he hastened

through the battl e field i n search of Turnus , slaying

many ch iefs of the enemy whom he encountered onh is way. But he was not yet to mee t the R utulian

king face to face , for J uno , by J upi ter’s perm i ssion ,

l ed Turnus off the field,and saved him for a time

from the wrath of the Trojan hero . O ut of a hollowcloud she fash ioned a phantom with the shape , l ike

ness and voice Of fE neas, and caused i t to appearbefore Turnus, as if chal l enging him to combat.

A phantom in ZE neas’

mou ldShe fash i ons

,wondrous to beho ld ,

Of hol l ow shadowy cl oud ,

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170

Meanwhi le , on the battl e field,the E trurian k i ng

,

Mezentius , who had taken the place of Turnus,

attacked the Trojans with great fury. He hadslai n many val iant warriors when fE neas espying

him from a d i s tance , hurri ed forward to encounter

him . Mezentius stood firm , and relying on hiss trong arm and h is weapons , rather than on d ivine

aid (be ing a despiser of the gods) he cast a spear atthe Trojan leader. The m issi l e struck the hero’ssh ield , but i t was the sh ield which Vulcan had

made , and could not be pierced by earthly weapon .

Then [E neas hurl ed his javel i n . Through thetriple plates of brass , and the triple bul l-h ide cover

i ng of the E trurian k i ng’s sh ield i t passed , and,

lodging in his groi n,i nfl i c ted a severe , though not

fatal , wound . I nstantly the Trojan ch ief rushed,

with sword i n hand , upon his foe , as, disabled , he

was about to wi thdraw from the confl ic t. But atth is moment young Lausus, the son of Mezen ti us ,sprang forward and rece ived on his sword the blow

that had been intended for his father.

T he p iou s youth , reso l ved on death,bel ow

T he l i fted sword , spr ings forth to face the foe ;

Protect s his parent , and prevent s the b l ow .

D RYD EN,E nez

’

d, BOOK X .

But Lausus was no match for the veteran Trojanwarrior. Yet fE neas, adm i ri ng h is courage andfil ial

17 1

devotion , would fai n have spared the brave youth .

Why do you attempt ,” sai d he , ! what you have not

strength to accompl i sh ? Y ou do but rush to your

own destructi on .

” Regardless , however, of danger,the gal lant Lausus fought ti l l he fe l l l ifeless on

the earth . fE neas was touched wi th pi ty at the

sigh t,for he thought of h is own son ,

and of how hehimself hadl oved h i s own. father. Then , he tenderly

l i fted the body from the ground,and consigned i t

to the care of h i s fri ends . They carri ed i t to Mezen

tius,who was resting on the river bank , after

having bathed h is wounds i n the wate r. When hebeheld the l i fel ess form

,the unhappy man burst

i nto tears , and bi tte rly lamented h is own m i sdeeds

which had brough t such calam i ti es upon him

ban i shment from h is th rone and country, and now,

worst of all, the loss of h i s son .

! Why do I l ivemy son , cri ed he , !

at the cost of thy l ife ? Mycrimes have been the cause of thy death .

Dear child ! I s tained you r gl or i ou s nameBy my own cr imes

,d r i ven ou t to shame

From my ancestral rei gn ;My country ’s vengeance c laimed my b l o od ;Ah ! had that tainted

,gu i l ty fl ood

Been shed from every ve inNow ’

midmy k ind I l inger s t i l lAnd l i ve ; bu t leave the l i gh t I wi l l .

CON INGTON E nez’

d, BOOK X .

172

Then though he was suffering much from the painof h is wound , he cal l ed for h is horse , the gal lant steedR hoebus, which had borne him victorious throughmany a fight. The animal seemed to feel th e griefof i ts master, and to understand the words he spokeLong, R -hoebus, said he , ! have we l ived

, compan

i ons in war, —if i ndeed . the l ife of mortal s can be

said to be long. But to-day we shal l e i ther d ie

together, or bear away the body of fE neas, and so

avenge the death of Lausus.

Mounting his horse,and fil l i ng both hands wi th

javel i ns Mezentius then rode rapidly to the scene

of confl i c t, cal l i ng loudly for XE neas. The Trojan

chief knew the voice , and eager for the encounter,

he quickly advanced . But the brave E trurian,fear

ing not to mee t his foe , cri ed out,! Cruel man , you

cannot terrify me, now that my son is snatched fromme. I am not afraid of death , for I have come tod i e . F i rst

,however

,take these gifts wh ich I bring

for you.

” Thus speaking he hurl ed a dart at the

Trojan l eader, and then another and another, andth ree times he rode i n a c i rcl e round the hero ,casting javel i ns at him . But the weapons of

Mezent i us could not pass through the celestial

sh ield of fE neas, though they fixed them selves in i t,

and there were so many that they resemb l ed a

grove of spears .

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X . F UNERAL O F PA LLA S — ZE N E A S A N D

TURNUS F IGHT — TURNUS IS SLA IN .

W ITH the death of Mezenti us the battle of the

day came to an end . Early next morn ing {E neasOffered sacrifices to the gods in thanksgiving for

h is victory . O n a rising ground he caused to be

erected the trunk of a huge oak ,with i ts boughs

lopped off. U pon th is he hung as an Offering to thewar-god Mars , the arm s that had been borne by the

E trurian king— h is c res t, and his broken spears ,h is breastplate , showing the marks Of many blows

,

his sh ield of brass , andhi s ivory-h i l ted sword . Thenhe Spoke words of encouragement to h is ch i efs andcompanions .

! B ro ther warriors, our most important work i s

done . Henceforth we need have no fear. Havingvanquished the tyrant Mezenti us

,the way l i es open

for us to the Lat ian capi tal . Make ready your armsso that there may be no Obstacl e to detain us whenthe proper momen t arrives for l ead ing forth our val iant youth from the camp . Meanwh i l e l et us commit to the earth the bod i es of our dead friends . I t

[174]

I7S

is the sol e honor remaining for us to pay to theheroi c men who ,

wi th thei r l ives , have won for us a

country to dwel l i n . But first, to the mourn ing ci ty

of Evander let the body of the noble Pal las be

conveyed .

Brave Pal las,heir of h igh renown,

Whose h opefu l day has set too soonO

’

ercast by darknes s ere i t s noon .

CON INGTON , E nez’

d, BOOK X I .

The obsequi es of the young prince were Carri ed

out on a scal e of great magn ificence . A thousand

men formed the funeral process ion . The body was

dressed in ri ch robes , stiff wi th embroidery of gold

and purple , which Queen D ido with her own hands

had wrought for fE neas. Bes ide the bi er were

borne the dead youth ’s arms , and the Spoi ls he had

won i n battl e . His war-horse E thon , too ,was l ed

al ong , big tear d rops runn ing down the animal ’scheeks , as if i t shared in the general sorrow .

Then ZE thon comes,h i s trapp ings do ffed

,

T he warr i or ’s gal lant horseB i g drops of p i ty oft and oftAdown h i s v i sage cou rse.

CON INGTON , E nez'

d,BOOK X I .

Behind fol lowed the numerous escort of Trojan,

E trurian andArcadian warriors, and the long pro

cession passed on with a last sad adieu from the

176

T rojan ch ief. ! By the same fearfu l fate of war,said he , I am cal led to other scenes of woe . Farewel l , noble Pal las , farewel l , forever.

” When the sorrowing cortege reached Pallanteum

,the whole ci ty

was i n mourning . To the gates the people hastened in vast numbers bearing funeral torches inthei r hands , accord i ng to ancient custom

,and Tro

jans andArcad ians j o ined i n loud lamentations .

Both part ies meet they rai se a d o lefu l cryT he matrons from the wal l s w i th shr iek s rep lyA nd their m ixed mou rn ing rend s the vau l ted sky .

DRYD EN , E nez’

d, BOOK X I .

K i ng Evander d istracted wi th grief,prostrated

h imself upon the bier, and clasping in h is arm s the

body of his son , poured out a flood Of tears , bewai li ng the unhappy fate wh i ch left him ch i ld l ess in hi s

old age.

Meantime , zZE neas and the Lat ian chiefs agreed

upon a truce of twelve days for the burial of the

dead of both arm ies , which lay scatte red over thebattl e field . While this sad duty was being performed

,K i ng Lat i nus and h i s counsel lors consid

ered what was best to be done , after the trucewhether to continue the war

,or to propose terms of

peace . They had sent ambassadors to sol ic i t helpfrom D i -o-me’de

, one of the Grec ian heroes of theTrojan war, who , after the s iege , hadsettled i n Apul ia

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178

H e al so advised that they should send these pro

posals to the Trojan camp.

To treat the peace,a h undred senators

Shal l be comm i s s i oned hence wi th ample powers,

With ol i ve crowned the present s they shal l bear,

A purple robe,a royal i v ory chair

,

A nd sum s of go ld . Am ong yourselves debateTh i s great affair

,and save the s ink ing state.

”

D RYD EN , E nez’

a’

, BOOK X I .

K i ng Turnus was present at th is counc i l , andtherewas al so present a Lat ian named D ran ’ces , a veryeloquent man, but not a warrior.

Bo ld at the counc i l board,

B ut caut i o u s in the field,he sh unned the sword .

D RYD EN,E nez

‘

a’

,BOOK x1.

D ran ces spoke in support of the advice given byLat i nus . He al so said that one more gift should

be sent to fE neas, nam ely, the fai r Lavin ia, since byno other means could peace be more firm ly estab

lished than by a marriage between the Lat ian pri n

cess and the Trojan hero . Then addressing Turnus ,the bold Drances reproached him with having

brought upon h is country all the horrors of war togratify h is ambi ti on for the honor of a royal wife .Y ou Turnus

,said he

,

!are the cause of the evi l s

which affl i c t us . I t i s through you that so many ofour ch ie fs have perished on the battl e field , and that

our whole c i ty i s in mourn ing. Have you no pi ty

for your own people ? Lay as ide your fierceness,and give up th is hopeless contest . But if you are

sti l l eager for glory i n war, and must have a king

dom wi th your wife , then take all the ri sk yourself,

and do not ask others to expose them selves to dan

ger for you . fE neas has chal l enged you t o singlecombat . I f you have any valo r, go and fight wi th

him .

Enraged at th i s speech , Turnus angri ly repl i edD rances , you have always many words when deeds

are requi red . But th i s i s not the tim e to fil l the

chamber wi th word s , which com e i n torrents from

you so long as you are i n safety wi th strong wal l s

between you and the foe . You charge me with

coward ice , you, the val iant D rances, whose righ thand

,forsooth , has pi led up so many troph ies of

victory on the field ! There is an opportuni ty foryou now,

however, to put your val or to the proof,for we have not far to go in search of the enemy.

Why do you hesi tate to march against them ? ”

Then speak i ng to the king, Turnus earnestly

entreated him not to give ' up the fight because of

one defeat. ! We have sti l l , Said he , !ample re

sources and fresh troops , and many I tal ian cities e

and nations are i n al l iance wi th us . The Trojansas wel l as ourselves have suffe red heavy loss . W hy

180

then should we perm i t fear to overcom e us almost

at the beginning of the struggl e ? I f the T rojansdemand that I al one shal l fight thei r l eader, gladly

wil l I advance agai nst him , even though he proveh im self as great a warrio r as Achi l les , and sheath

h imself i n armor forged by the hands of Vulcan .

Turnus had scarcely fin i shed speaking, when a

messenger rushed into the palace wi th the alarm i ngintel l igence that the Trojan and E trurian arm ieshad qui tted the ir camp on the bank of the T iber,and were marchi ng toward the c i ty . Instantly all

was con fusion and dismay in the counc i l .

A tu rmo i l takes the pub l ic m ind ;The i r pass i ons flame

,by fu r i ou s w ind

To conflagration b l own ;A t once to arm s they fain wou ld fly ;T o arms ! ” the you th impat ient cry ;T he old men weep andmoan .

CON INGTON , A i’nez‘d BOOK X I.

Turnus was quick to take advantage o f th i sal tered state of affai rs . ! C i ti zens ,

” he exclaimed,

! wil l you sti l l persist i n talking about peace evennow that the enemy is '

almost at your doors ? ”

Then , wi thdrawing from the counci l chamber, he

hastened to give orders to h i s R utulian ch i e fs toget the troops ready for immed iate action — som eto l ead the armed horsemen out upon the plai n

,

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182

a sec luded val ley with his foot sold i ers to take the

c i ty by surpri se . This we learn from our scouts .N ow I wil l beset him on the way wi th an armedband , and to you I assign the task of engaging theE trurian horsemen . The brave M essapus and the

Latian troops wil l be wi th you , and under yourcommand .

”

Cam i l la and her troop performed prodigies of

val or in the battl e wh ich now took place on the plai nbefore the c i ty. Many Trojan andE trurian warriors

fel l , s tri cken down by the darts or pi erced by thesword of the brave heroine . O n both sides the battl ewas mai ntai ned wi th the utmost bravery . Twice

the Trojans andthe i r Tuscan al l i es drove the Latiansflying to the wal ls

,and twi ce the Latians, fac ing

about, furious ly drove back the Trojans .

Twice were the Tuscans mas ters of the field,

Twice by the Lat ins,in their t urn

,repel led .

Ashamed at length,t o the th ird charge they ran

B oth h o sts resol ved,andm ingled man to man .

Now dy ing groans are heard ; the field s are strewed,

With fal l ing bod ies,and are drunk wi th b l o od .

Arm s,h orses

,men

,on heaps together lie ;

Confu sed the fight,andmore confu sed the cry .

D RYD EN , E nez'

d, BOOK XI .

The battl e"

conti nued to rage furiously, and i tseemed doubtful wh ich side would win , unti l Cam i l la

was slai n by the E truscan Aruns , who had been

183

watchi ng for an opportun i ty to cast a spear at the

queen .

Th i s way and that h i s w ind ing course he bend s,

A nd wheres oe’

er she turns, her s teps attend s .D RYD EN

,E m a

,BOOK x1.

There was i n the Trojan army awarri or, andpriest

of Cybele,nam ed Chlo’

reus, consp icuous on the field

by the rich trappings of h is horse and his own gl i t

tering arms and atti re . He wore a purpl e robe,h is

helmet andthe bow which hung from h is shoulders

were of gold ; his saffron colored scarf was fastenedwith a gold clasp ; and h is tun i c was embro idered

wi th needle-work . Cam i l la see ing these beauti fuland costly th i ngs , became eager to possess them ,

and so she pursued Chloreus over the field of battl e .

Himthe fierce maid beheld with ardent eyes,

Fond and amb i t i o u s of so r ich a pr i ze,

B l ind in her haste,she chases him al one

,

A nd seek s h i s l i fe,regard les s of her own .

D RYD EN , E m a, BOOK x1.

Thus she furni shed the opportun i ty desi red byAruns

,who , from a covert i n which he lay conceal ed ,

hurled a dart at the queen as, heedless of danger,she rode i n pursui t of Chloreus. The weapon pierced

her body and she sank down l ifel ess .The fortune of the day now turned to the side of

the Trojans . D i smayed by the loss of thei r brave

184

leader Cam i l la, the Volsc ian troops fled from thefield . The R utulian captains , al so losing courage

,

sought safety i n fl ight, and soon the whole I tal ianarmy was i n ful l retreat towards the c i ty

,hotly pur

sued by the Trojans . At the gates many were

trampl ed to death i n the wild rush to get wi th in,

whil e many more were slain by the swords of the

enemy pressi ng on behind .

Then,in a fr igh t

,the fo ld ing gates they c l o se

,

B ut leave the ir fr iend s exc l uded wi th thei r foes .

T he vanqu i shed cry ; the v ictors l o ud ly shout ;’Ti s terror all with in

,and s laughter all wi th out .

D RYD EN , E nez'

a’

,BOOK XI .

When Turnus heard that Cam i l la had fal l en,that

the Trojans had been vic tori ous i n the battl e, and

that all was confusion and terror wi th in the wal l s,

he immed iately qui tted the post where he had beenlyi ng in wai t for fE neas, and hurri ed towards the

c i ty . Almost at the same moment the Trojan ch iefi ssued forth from the val l ey. Both arm i es and bothleaders were now in sigh t of each oth er and both

were eager for battl e , but night com i ng on, theypitched thei r tents and encamped in front of the

town.

But the Latians were now di sheartened , and

Turnus saw they were no longer wi l l i ng to con

tinue a struggl e which seemed hopeless . He

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186

my son-in-law. The fai r Lavinia was present

during her mother’s passionate appeal,but she ex

pressed her feel ing only by tears and modestbl ushes.

A flood o f tear s Lav inia shed ;A cr imson b l u sh her beauteous face o

’

erspread,

Vary ing her cheek s by turns w i th wh i te and red.

Del igh tfu l change ! Thus Ind ian i vory sh ows,

Which wi th the border ing paint of purple gl ows ;O r l i l ies damasked by the nei ghbor ing ro se.

D RYD EN , E nez'

d,BOOK X II.

But Turnus would not l isten to the advice ofK i ng Lat i nus or Queen Amata and so he sent h i sherald Idmon with a chal l enge to ZE neas. Tel l

him , sai d he , ! not to l ead h i s men agai nst theR utulians to-morrow. Let both our arm i es res t ,whi le by hi s sword and m ine the war shal l . bedec ided . fE neas, who had himself al ready pQposed this method of settl i ng the quarrel , rej o i ced

to hear that now at l ength the war was to be

brought to an end on such terms . He thereforegladly accepted the chal l enge , and early next morning preparations were made for the combat.A space of ground was measured Off on the open

plai n in front of the c i ty wal l s, and i n the center wereerected al tars of turf. The two arm i es were mar

shalled on opposi te sides of th i s space , the Trojans

187

and E trurians on one side , the R utulians and La

tians on the other, and at a given signal every man

fixed h i s spear i n the earth , and lai d down his sh ield .

O n the towers and house tops the women and oldmen crowded to witness the fight . K i ng Lati nus

rode out from the c i ty i n a chari ot d rawn by fourhorses , andwearing on h is head a crown with twelverays of gold . Turnus rode i n a chariot drawn bytwo white steeds , and he bore i n each hand a javel i ntipped wi th steel . O n the other side , fE neas, bri ll iant in the arms which Vulcan hadmade , advanced

from h is camp i nto the open space, accompan i ed by

the young I ulus . Then the customary sacrificesand offerings were made at the al tars

,after wh ich

the Trojan ch ief,unsheath ing his sword

,prayed

al oud to the gods,and pledged h is people to the

condi tions of the combatI f vi ctory i n th is fight shal l fal l to Turnus

,the

Trojans shal l re ti re to Evander’s c i ty, and no moremake war on the Latians or R utulians. But if vi ctory fal l to our side , even then I shal l not compel the

I tal ians to be subj ect to the Trojans,for I desi re not

empi re for myself. Both nati ons shal l enter i n toal l iance on equal te rms , and Lati nus shal l sti l l beking. The Trojans shal l bu i ld a c i ty for me, and to

i t Lavinia shal l give her name .”

Then Lat i nus cal l i ng on the gods to hear h i s

188

words,and laying his hand upon the al tar, swore for

h im self and his people that they would never violate

the treaty of peace , no matter how the combat ofthe day should resul t.

By the same heaven ( said he) , and earth,andmain

,

A nd all the power s that all the three conta in ;Whatever chance befal l on e i ther s ide

,

No term of t ime th i s un i on shal l d i v ide ;NO force

,no fortune

,shal l my vows unb ind ,

O r shake the steadfast tenor of my m ind .

”

D RYD EN,fe m

-

K

'

Boox x11.

But whi l e the solemn ceremon i es were being car

ri ed out at the al tars , the R utulians began to show

signs of dissati sfaction . I t seemed to them that theyouth ful Turnus was no equal match

’

i n arms for theveteran Trojan .

A l ready the R utulians deemed the i r man

O ermatched in arm s,before the fight began.

F i r s t r i s ing fear s are wh i spered through the crowd ;Then

,gather ing sound

,they murmur more al o ud .

N ow,s ide t o s ide

,they meas ure with the ir eyes

T he champ i ons ’ bu l k,their s inews

,and their s i ze ;

T he nearer they approach,the more i s known

T he apparent d i sadvantage of the ir own .

DRYDEN,E nez

’

a’

,BOOK X II.

Then Ju-tur’na, the sister of Turnus , knowing ofthe feel ing among the R utulians, re solved to bring

about a violation of the truce which had been made .

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190

preparations for battle . One of the i r number, theaugur T O-lum

’

ni-us, cri ed out to them to take upthe i r swords and fal l upon the Trojan foreigner

,

after th e example of theb i rds who, by uni ted action,

had j ust vanquished the i r enemy. Then rush ing

forward , Tolumnius cast a spear in to the ranks of

the Trojans . Whizz ing through the air i t struckan Arcadian youth , one of nine brothers who were

standing together i n the E trurian l ines , and penefrating his s ide stretched him dead on the field

,

Thus the truce was broken , and immediate ly a

fierce battl e began , warrio rs on both sides hurl ingthei r darts and plying thei r swords , the very al tarsbeing overthrown i n the struggle . Latinus in deep

grief and disappoi ntment reti red from the scene ,now that all hope of peace was at an end . But theTrojan ch ief, with his head uncovered , stretchedforth his unarmed hand , and earnestly appeal ed to

h i s own peopl e .

! Whither do you rush ? he cri ed .

How has th is d i scord arisen ? Restrai n your rage ,for the league is now formed , and all i ts term s .settl ed .

” While thus endeavori ng to restore peace ,the pious fE neas h imself was severely wounded .

Whi le he spoke,unm ind fu l o f defence,

A winged arrow struck the p i ou s pr ince.

Bu t whether from some human hand i t came,O r host i le god

,is left unknown by fame

19 1

N o human hand , or host i le god , was found ,To boast the tr i umph of so base a wound .

D RYDEN,E nez

‘

d, BOOK X II.

zZE neas was led away to h i s tent, bleeding from

his wound.Then Turnus cal l ed for h is war chariot

and h is arms , and drove furiously over the plai n i nto

the m idst of the Trojans , deal i ng death around him

on every s ide .

H e dr i ves impetu ou s,and, where’

er he goes,H e leaves beh ind a lane of s laughtered foes .

D RYD EN,E nez

’

d,BOOK X II.

O ne brave Troj an warrior named Phe'

geus made

a gal lant fight agai ns t Turnus . Leaping i n front

of the chari o t, and se iz ing the bridles , he strove

wi th all his m ight to bring the horses to a stand .

Whil e he was being dragged along, cl i nging to the

pole, a thrust from the lance of Turnus pierced h is

coat of mai l and i nfl ic ted a sl igh t wound . S ti l l the

heroi c Phegeus held on , and, turning towards hi s

foe , ehdeavored to reach him with his sword , but

j ust then , com ing against the chario t wheels,he

was hurled to the ground , and i n a momentTurnus, with one blow , struck Off h is head .

Meanwhil e , fE neas attended by M nestheus, thefai thful Achates , and the young Iulus , lay b leed i ngi n h i s camp . The barb of the arrow by which hehad been wounded sti l l remai ned fixed i n the flesh

,

PHEGEUS ’ GALLANT FIGHT .

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194

From Hect or ’s and fE neas’ fame,

Your unc le and your s ire.

”

CON INGTON E nez‘

d, BOOK X II.

E neas now went forth to the fight. The chie fsand the i r fol lowers , encouraged by the appearanceof thei r l eader, sl ew numbers of the enemy, i nclud

ing the augur Tolumn i us , who had first broken the

truce . But the Trojan hero h imself sought only forTurnus , andhe pursued him over the plai n . J uturnasee ing th is , assumed the shape and l ikeness of

Me-tis’cus, her brother’s chario teer

,and taking h is

place upon the chariot,drove rapidly through the

field , now here now there , but ever keeping at a di s

tance from the pursuing Trojan ch ief.

She steer s a var i ou s course among the foes ;Now here

,now there

,her conquer ing brother shows ;

Now with a s trai ght,now with a wheel ing fl i ght

,

She tu rns and bend s, bu t sh uns the s ingl e fight .ZE neas

,fired wi th fury

,break s the crowd

,

A nd seek s h i s foe,and cal l s by name al o ud ;

H e runs w i th in a narrower r ing,and tr ies

To stop the char i o t,but the char i o t fl ies .

D RYD EN , E nez’

a’

,BOOK X II.

At length fE neas resolved to bring the battl e andthe war to a speedy end . While pursu ing Turnus ,he had noticed that the c i ty was l eft wi thout defence

, all the Latian and R utulian troops be ingengaged in the field . Cal l ing his ch iefs qui ckly

19 5

together he told them of h is plan .

! The c i ty

before us,said he , ! i s the center Of the enemy’s

strength . I t Is now i n our power. This daywe may overturn i t, and lay i ts smok i ng towers

level wi th the ground . A m I to wai t unti l i t

pleases Turnus to accept my chal lenge ? Quickly

bring firebrands, and very soon we shal l establ i shpeace .

The Trojan forces were at once marshal l ed, and

led i n a sol id battal i on to the wal l s,where a vigorous

assaul t forthwi th commenced . S ome rushed to thegates and sl ew the first they met , others hurled darts

into the c i ty,andothers , by means Of scal ing ladders ,

sought to cl imb over the ramparts . fE neas i n a

l oud vo ice cal l ed the gods to wi tness that he wasnow for the second time compel led to fight

,and that

for a second tim e a solem n league hadbeen violated

by the Lat ians . With in the town dissension broke

out among the alarmed c i ti zens , som e urging thatthe gates should be opened to the Trojans

,others

taking up arm s to de fend the wal l s .Turnus was i n a distant part of the field when he

heard of the attack on the c i ty. A messenger rode

up to him i n haste wi th the intel l igence that IZE neas

was about to overthrow the stately towers of Lati um,

and that al ready flam ing torches had be en appl i edto the roofs . Then Turnus saw that the moment

196

for action had come , and he cried out to h i s s i ster

(for notwi thstand i ng her d i sguise he hadknown herfrom the first) : Now, now, s i ster, my desti ny pre

vai ls. Forbear to further stop me. Let me fol low

whi ther the gods cal l . I am resolved to enter thel i sts wi th fE neas. No longer shal l you see me i n

d i sgrace . Whatever b i tterness there i s i n death I

am ready to endure i t.S o saying, Turnus sprang from his chariot, and

bounding over the plai n , rushed into the m idst ofthe combatants at the gates of the c i ty . With out

stretched arms he made a S ign to h is friends , andcal l ed upon them i n a loud voice : R utulians and

Latians , cease fighting. Whatever fortune of the

war remains i s m i ne . I t i s for me alone by mysword to put an end to th is strife .fE neas, heari ng the challege of Turnus , fo rsook

the lofty wal l s and towers , and hastened to encoun

ter h is foe . The hosts on bo th s ides laid down the i r

arms . A Space was cleared on the open plai n , and

immed iately the two heroes rushed to the combat,with hurl i ng of darts and clas h ing of swords and

sh ields.

They launch their spears then hand to hand they meet ;T he tremb l ing so i l resound s beneath their feet ;Their bucklers c lash th ick b l ows descend from h igh ,A nd flakes of fire from their hard helmets fly .

D RYDEN,E nez

’

d, BOOK X II.

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198

the deity Faunus,but the Trojans had cut i t down

to make a cl ear ground for the i r m i l i tary movements .When fE neas attempted to wrench the spear out,Turnus prayed to Faunus to detai n the weapon .

O Faunu s p i ty and thou,m other E arth

,

Where I thy fo s ter -son rece i ved my b irth ,Hold fas t the steel I f my rel i g i ou s handYour plant has honored

,wh ich your foes profaned

,

Prop i t i ou s hear my p i ou s prayer .

”

D RYD EN , E nez’

a’

,BOOK X II.

But now the power of the gods was exerc i sed onbehalf of both heroes . Whi le fE neas struggled invai n to extricate the javel i n , Juturna,

agai n taking

the form of Me ti scus , ran forward to her brother

andgave him h is own sword . Then Venus came tothe aid of her son ,

and the steel was eas i ly drawnfrom the tough root. Once more the two ch iefss tood ready for the combat, the one relying on histrusty sword

,the other, on the spear which a god

hadmade .

Meanwhi le the goddess J uno , si tting in a yel lowcloud

, was watching the combat , and J upi te r, com

i ng near, advised her to abandon her hopeless enm i tyto the T rojans

,and forbade her to further resi st the

decree of heaven . J uno was now ready to yield ,but on one cond i tion ! When by th is marriagethey establ ish peace , l e t the people of Lati um retai n

I99

the i r anc ient name and language . Let Lati um sub

sist. Let the sons of Rom e ri se to imperial power

by means of I tal ian valor. Troy has peri shed . Let

the nam e al so perish .

” To thi s the king Of heaven

repl i ed : ! I grant what you desi re . The I tal iansshal l re tain the i r nat ive language and customs .The Trojans shal l se ttl e in Lat i um andm ingle wi th

i ts peopl e and all shal l be cal l ed Latins and have

but one speech .

”

A ll Shal l b e Lat i um ; Troy wi thou t a name ;

A nd her l o st Sons forget from whence they came.

From b l o od so m ixed a p i ous race shal l flow,

E qual t o god s , excel l ing all bel ow .

N O nat i on m ore respect to you shal l pay,O r greater o ffer ings on your al tars lay .

”

J uno consent s,wel l p leased that her des ires

Had found succes s,and from the c l oud ret ires .

D RYDEN,E nez

’

a’

,BOOK X II.

Then J upi te r sent one of the Furies down to thefield of battl e , in the form of an owl, and the evi l

bi rd flew backwards and forwards i n the sight of

Turnus,

flapping i ts wings . The chief,knowing

that th is was an unfavorable omen , hesi tated to

advance,and Aineas cal l i ng to him aloud cri ed

,

Turnus , why do you further decl ine to fight ? I t

i s not in running that we must now try our ski l l ,but wi th arm s in close confl i c t .” I have no fear Of

,you

,insul ting foe,

”

answered Turnus . ! My dread

200

i s of the gods , who are agai nst me. A s he spoke,

he saw on the ground before him a huge stone,such

as only a man of giant strength could l ift. S e izing

i t and poi sing i t over his head he rushed forward .

and hurled i t agai nst the enemy.

Bu t wi lder ing fears h i s m ind unman ;Runn ing

,he knew not that he ran

,

N or th rowing that he threw ;H eav i ly move his s ink ing knees ;T he streams of l i fe wax du l l and freez e ;T he stone

,as through the vo id i t passed ,

Reached not the measure of i t s cast,

N or held i t s purpose true.

CON INGTON ; E nez‘

a’

,BOOK X II.

zZE neas, now tak i ng careful aim , andputt ing forth

the whole strength of his body, hurled his fatalspear. Like a whirlwind i t flew

,and with m igh ty

force breaking through the sh ield and corsel e t ofthe R utulian ch i ef

,pierced his thigh . Down to the

ea rth he sank on hisknees , and the Trojan chief

rushed forward sword i n hand . Then the van

quished hero besough t the conqueror : ! I havedeserved my fate , and I do not deprecate i t, yet ifany regard for an unhappy father can move you.

have compass ion on the aged Daunus. You too

had such a father. Y ou have tri umphed . Lavin ia

i s yours. Persis t not further i n hate .

”

fE neas was much affected by th is appeal . I t

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202

The poet undertook to tel l about the wanderings

of the hero , and his long labors both by sea and

land , up to the time he won a settlement i n I taly.

This was accompl ished by the death of Turnus,

which put an end to the war. The brave R utulianch ief made a gal lant fight, but the fates were against

him . He would probab ly have been the victor hadh is antagonist been any other than the man of destiny

,who had the decrees of heaven always on his

side .As to the subsequent h istory o f AZneas, the R o

man tradi tions tell us that he married the princessLavin ia,

and buil t a c i ty which was cal l ed after her !

name Lavinium . U pon the death of his father-Inlaw,Lati nus , he became king of Lati um . But though

he was then in possession of his long prom ised set

tlement, hi s wars were not enti rely over, for we are

told that he fought .a battl e with the R utulians who,

though thei r k i ng was dead , were sti l l unwil l ing to

subm i t to a foreigner. I n thi s battle , which tookplace on the bank of the river Numicus, the T rojanhero mysteri ously d isappeared andwas seen no more .

S ome say he was drowned i n the river, and that the

Lati ns, not finding the body, supposed he had been

taken up to h eaven ,and therefore offered him sacri

fices as a god .

On the death of the hero , his son Iul us succeeded

203

him ,and bui l t the c i ty o f Alba Longa

,which was

ruled for many centuri es by kings of the l i ne offE neas, whose descendants were the founders Of

Rome .

From whence the race o f A lban Father s come,

A nd the l ong glor ies maj es t ic Rome.

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