storyboarding 1. purpose of storyboarding to gain an early reaction from users on the concepts...
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Storyboarding
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Purpose of Storyboarding
To gain an early reaction from users on the concepts proposed for the application.
They are an effective technique for addressing the “Yes, But” syndrome.
The users reaction to features of the proposed system can be observed very early in the development lifecycle.
Human factors experts have promoted storyboarding for years. (This technique is used heavily in the movie industry.)
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Advantages of Storyboarding
It is extremely inexpensive. It is friendly, informal, and interactive. It provides an early view of the user
interfaces of the system. It is easy to create and easy to modify. It can ease the “Blank Page” syndrome.
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Uses of Storyboarding
Speed conceptual development Understand data visualization Define and understand business rules that will be
implemented in a new business application Define algorithms and other mathematical
constructs that are to be executed inside an embedded application
Demonstrate reports or other hard-copy outputs for early review
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Types of Storyboarding
In practice there are no rules, constraints, or fixed constructs for storyboards: they can be anything the team wants them to be.
Most storyboards can be classified as: Passive Storyboards Active Storyboards Interactive Storyboards
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Passive Storyboards
They tell a story to the user. They consist of sketches, pictures,
screen shots, PowerPoint presentations, or sample application outputs.
The analyst plays the role of the system and simply walks the user through the storyboard with a “When you do this, this happens” explanation.
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Active Storyboards
They try to make the user see a movie that hasn’t actually been produced yet.
They are animated or automated (e.g., an automatically sequencing slide presentation or a computer simulation).
They provide an automated description of the way the system behaves in a typical usage situation.
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Interactive Storyboards
They let the user experience the system in as realistic a manner as practical.
They require participation by the user. Interactive storyboards can be
simulations or mock-ups or can be advanced to a point very close to a throwaway prototype
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What Storyboards Do
They are most often used to work through the details of the human-to-machine interface.
Storyboards for user-based systems deal with the three essential elements of any activity:
1. Who the players are (the actors)2. What happens to them (the behavior of the
users and the behavior of the system as it reacts to the users)
3. How it happens (events, states, and state transitions)
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Example Storyboard
Storyboard for an automated-vehicle amusement park ride. The who represented the guests who ride on the
vehicle. The what represented the behavior of the vehicle
as it provided various events for the guests. The how provided further descriptions of how
this interaction happens – events, state transitions – and described both the guest states (surprised, scared) and the vehicle states (accelerating, braking, unloading).
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Tools for Storyboarding
Passive storyboarding constructs can be made out of tools as simple as paper and pencil or post-it notes.
More advanced storyboards can be built using tools like PowerPoint.
Passive, active, and user-interactive storyboards have been built with various tools that allow fast development of user screens and output reports.
Interactive storyboards can be built with tools for interactive prototyping, and tools such as Macromedia’s Director and Cinemation from Vividus Corporation.
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Tips for Storyboarding
Don’t invest too much time in a storyboard. Customers will be intimidated about making changes if it looks to “finalized”.
If you don’t change anything, you don’t learn anything. Make the storyboard easy to modify
Don’t make the storyboard to functional. If you do, some stakeholders may want you to “ship it”.
Whenever possible make the storyboard interactive. The customer’s experience of use will generate more feedback and will elicit more new requirements.
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