strain sprain fracture
DESCRIPTION
first aidTRANSCRIPT
SPRAINstretch and/or
tear of a ligament caused by a sudden pull
one or more ligaments can be injured at
the same time
STRAIN injury to either a
muscle or a tendon as a
result of suddenlly pulling
them too far
simple overstretch of
muscle or tendon, or result
of a partial or complete tear
fallsudden twistblow to the body
that forces a joint out of its normal position and stretches or tears the ligament supporting that joint
most common site: the ankle
frequently occur at the wrist
sprain to the thumb common in skiing and other sports
painswellingbruising
loss of functional abilitysometimes a pop or tear when the injury happens
twisting or pulling a muscle
or tendon
acute or chronic —› recent
trauma or result of overuse
two common sites: the back and the hamstring muscle
hand and forearm, elbow
typical—›pain, limited motion, muscle spasms, possibly muscle weakness
localized swelling, cramping, or inflammation and, with a minor or moderate strain, usually some loss of muscle function
RICE Therapy
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
RestStop using injured part.Use splint for injuries of the arm, elbow, wrist, or hand
Keep damp or dry cloth between skin and ice pack
Do not apply ice for longer than 15 to 20 minutes at a time
Use elasticized bandage, compression sleeve, or clothWrap injured part firmly
▪Do not impair blood supply▪Too tight compression may cause more swelling
Wrap over ice Loosen the bandage if it gets too tight
DislocationDisplacement of the joint/
boneFrequently accompanied by a tearing or stretching of ligaments, muscles or other soft tissue
Signs and symptoms
Deformity of joint or limb Limited or abnormal
movement Swelling and
discoloration Pain and tenderness Shortening or
lengthening of affected limb
A break or a crack in a bone is called a
fracture.
Many types of fractures are difficult to determine.
If a fracture is suspected, it’s wise to get it checked out
All fractures are one of two types
1) Closed – skin over fracture is not broken
2) Open/Compound – where the skin over the fracture is broken. The bone may be visible.
FIRST AID CARE Basically the same as first aid for fractures
IMMOBILIZE the affected part in the position in which it is found by using splints and/or slings
Avoid any movement of part because movement can lead to additional injury to nerves, blood vessels and other tissues in the area
Obtain medical help immediately
Stop the activity.
Survey the injured area.
First Aid if qualified.
Get help if not.
Determine if additional medical attention is necessary.
SplintsDevices that can be used to
immobilize injured parts when fractures, dislocations and other similar injuries are present or suspected
Many commercial splints are available Inflatable or air splints Padded boards Traction splints (used for fractured femur)