strategic bombing - atomic bombs - jp surrender

7/30/2019 Strategic Bombing - Atomic Bombs - JP Surrender

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Strategic Bombing of Japan

Mr. Klein

Spring 2013


2/36

Two goals of strategic bombing

1. Destroy enemys ability to produce andwage war

2. Break will of enemy to fight

But at what cost in terms of civilian lives?


3/36

Robert McNamara Gen. Curtis LeMay


4/36

Japanese Bombing Campaign

Maj. Gen. LeMay commands B-29squadron on Tinian


5/36

Island Hopping


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Japanese Bombing Campaign

Maj. Gen. LeMay commands B-29squadron on Tinian

March 1945 Lemay changes tactics

JP cities made ofwood

Now will use incendiary bombs First attack will be on Tokyo


7/36

Fog of War

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1A
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8TOJy3eO1A


8/36

Japanese Casualties

Fire bombing campaign (67 cities) results:

900,000 JP deaths

1.2 million JP wounded

US Navy estimates for full invasion of JP:

1.6 million to 4 million US casualties

Up to 10 million JP casualties


9/36

What should the rules of war be?

Homework:

Create 2 guidelines you believethe United States should followwhen choosing targets to bomb

during wartime.

Bring to class Monday


10/36

Manhattan Project

&

Japanese Surrender

Mr. Klein

Spring 2013


11/36

Next

Read 741-743 (stop at Soviets Tighten theirHold) forFriday

Fornext Thursday 744-746 (start at IronCurtain) and 748-749 (The Marshall Plan)

Only 8 pagespace yourself to be done ontime (can always read it early)

Quizzes very possibleACTIVE READING

O i i f N l W


12/36

Origins of Nuclear Weapons

1938 Germany is first to split the uranium atom


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Physicists Weighs in

US Physicists see potentialforfission:

Energy

Weapons

Leo Szilard and EdwardTellerfear Germans may

work toward atomic bomb Not known outside science

community

Needs a big name to getFDR attention


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August 1939


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Portion of Einstein-Szilard Letter


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18/36

Roosevelt starts research

FDR will not let Hitlerget bomb first

Starts Advisory

Committee on Uranium

Research done atColombia, U of Chicago,and Berkley

Expands into

Manhattan Project

K Fi


19/36

Key Figures

Enrico Fermi Gen. Lesley Groves

K Fi


20/36

Key Figures

J. Robert Oppenheimer Ernest Lawrence

T S t


21/36

Top Secret 130,000 workers

Costs $2 billion

Build largest factory onearth (Oak Ridge, TN)

Bomb itself designed atLos Alamos, NM

Kept TOP SECRET

almost no one knows,including

Truman only finds outonce FDR dies on

April 12, 1945


22/36

Fat Man and Little Boy

Fat

Man

Little

Boy


23/36

The Trinity Test

July 16, 1945

Mushroom cloudextending to 40,000feet.

1,300 foot diametercrater sand turns to10 ft thick glass

Bomb = power of20,000 tons(20 kilotons) of TNT.

Now I am become

Death, destroyer ofworlds.


24/36

Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)

Warns JP on July 25, 1945 to surrender orface utter destruction

US drops 5 million leaflets warning JP toevacuate 33 cities in advance of bombing

Hiroshima chosen due to industry and

mid-sized population

Enola Gayleaves Tinian with Little Boy


25/36


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Estimated 140,000 dead from blast or radiation

90% of cit destro ed


28/36

Nagasaki (August 9, 1945)

JP will still not surrender

Nagasaki bombed 3 days later

NOT original targettarget city covered in

clouds so moved to 2ndary target

Fat Man (plutonium bomb)


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31/36

Bomb misses by 1.5 miles still destroys 50% of city Kills 80,000 people


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33/36

Japan Surrenders!!

August 14, 1945 Japan announces theywill surrender

August 15, 1945

VJ DAY!!The War is OVER


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Reasons for Surrender

Hirohito prevails over military leaders tosurrender JP to Allies

3 reasons:

"a collapse of domestic morale

inadequate preparation to resist the invasion

vast destructiveness of the atomic bomb andthe air attacks

Do these match our overall goals for

b bi ??

strategic bombing - atomic bombs - jp surrender

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