strategies 2012 lid/gi resolution complimenary goals ... · identification of barriers to adoption...

STRATEGIES •Plan and design to mimic natural hydrology •Preserve, enhance, and make resilient habitat

BENEFITS •UHI •Energy •Carbon •Air •Soils •Aesthetic •Economic Savings •Property Values •Corridor Connectivity •Flood Reduction •Reduced Irrigation

Encourages GI/LID where affordable and feasible

•Projects •Incentives and Choices •Technical Guidance

•Regional and Intra-Jurisdictional Coordination

COMPLIMENARY GOALS •Transportation planning •Job and economic growth •Health and safety in living street •Stormwater quality regulations •Water resource •Climate change weather resiliency PROGRESS/SUPPORT •EPA Guidance •RWH Ordinances •Public and private support •Bike Friendly Award •LID Workshop, Conference •Research

2012 LID/GI Resolution

Making the Business Case For Green Infrastructure

Irene Ogata, PLA, ASLA Urban Landscape Manager

Office of Integrated Planning

Evan Canfield, Ph.D, P.E. Civil Engineer Manager

Pima County Regional Flood Control

EPAC Pima Association of Governments

1 East Broadway, Ste. 405 September 5, 2014

Mead Mier Watershed Planning Lead

Pima Association of Governments

Outline of Presentation

• Evan: GI/LID Working Group • Regional collaboration on GI/LID Working Group

• Case Study Catalog

• Revised Stormwater Manual • GI/LID Guidance Manual

• EPA Technical Grant

• Irene: GI/LID Policies and Programs • COT TDOT Green Street Active Practice Guidelines

• 10,000 Trees Campaign

• Irene & Evan: Business Case GI/LID

• Mead: Discussion • Additional economic information • PAG GI Tool and outreach

2

GI/LID Working Group Evan

Workshop Summary of Focus Areas

•DEVELOP A VISION

•EDUCATE/TRAIN

•RESEARCH EFFECTIVENESS

• IDENTIFY POLICY NEEDS

•DEVELOP PROJECT GUIDANCE

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5

Joint Effort: LID Working Group Members First Meeting April 2011

5

Public: Pima Co.

Professional/Trade Non-Profit/Other

Regional Flood Control District

Office of Conservation & Sustainable Development

Development Services Dept.

Dept. of. Transportation

Dept. of Transportation: Stormwater Division

Education: Univ. of Arizona

Environmental Research Lab

Drachman Institute

Biosphere 2

Facilities

Wheat Scharf & Assoc.

Watershed Management Group

. Public: City of Tucson

Public: Other


Town of Oro Valley

Town of Marana

Water Research Resource Center

https://www.google.com/url?q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TETRA_TECH_LOGO.jpg&sa=U&ei=G8xnU7qvNYfeoATayYCgBg&ved=0CB0Q9QEwAA&usg=AFQjCNGY4QNJerIXjtrrNx2ZFm6gzqZMYQ

https://www.google.com/url?q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oro_Valley_Seal.gif&sa=U&ei=dcxnU4TIKIKHogSr5ICYBw&ved=0CB0Q9QEwAA&usg=AFQjCNHuXM1gqRRVOZb9YjPq2wSbi8xy6g

https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mpaaz.org/town-of-marana&sa=U&ei=Ac1nU9DwGcb0oASTkICQCA&ved=0CB0Q9QEwAA&usg=AFQjCNGvxKbE5wZRbcx5veAnT-o3DIJD0A

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Working Group Priorities (08/22/2011)

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Product Total

LID Site Design BMP Guidance 7

Manual providing examples of successful (and unsuccessful) projects (or BMPs?) 6 Identification of Barriers to Adoption of LID 3

A Set of Performance Metrics/Indicators 3

Develop LID Education Materials 2

Annual Conference 1.5

LID Roadway Design Manual 1

A BMP Maintenance Manual 1

Contact List 1

Processes

Recognize Accomplishments 1

Develop an LID Policy 1

On-going Coordination 2

Areas of Interest (not mentioned above)

Influence Policy 2

Write Grants/ seek funding 1

Do applied Research/Demonstration Projects to support LID 1

LID Working Group: PAG Resolution Multi-Agency, Multi-Jurisdiction, Multi-Private/NGO

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Case Studies: Low Impact Development Green Infrastructure

Case Study layout/template by Sandy Bolduc, RLA Pima County Regional Flood Control District

July 22, 2012 Footer text here 9

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Pima County RFCD Detention/Retention Manual

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The Manual Update and LID Policy

•Adopted for regional use

•First-flush Retention • ½” rainfall near runoff source

•LID Design Standards •Provides methodology to calculate flood

control benefit of water harvesting


Non-Regulatory Guidance supported with a grant by EPA

GI/LID Policies & Programs Irene

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Water Resource & UHI Mitigation: Green Streets APG

Original Buckets of water Graphics: Fernando Molina, Tucson Water;

modified for this presentation

Mountains

Renewable Water Supplies

Groundwater Recharge

Reclaimed Water

Water Utility

Surface Water Allocation (Salt, Verde, Colorado)

Recycled Water

“Other” Water Supplies

9%

10%

12%

1% 2%

14%

26%

to

45%

7%

Outdoor

Toilet

Shower

Faucet

Clotheswasher

Dishwasher

Leaks

Other

Phoenix 2011 Water Resource Plan: 45% outdoor water use

Streets

Roadways & Storm Drains

https://www.google.com/url?q=http://activerain.trulia.com/states/NY/cities/Scarsdale/communities/Scarsdale Home Improvement&sa=U&ei=4JVoU8m0BZbjoAT5qIGYAQ&ved=0CDYQ9QEwBDhQ&usg=AFQjCNGd432_50TXMP-jaHmHT_h620BCWA

Incorporating The Case of Climate Change

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20

13 I

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itu

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f E

nvi

ron

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“Heat stress, a recurrent health problem for urban residents, has been the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States since 1986. . . – and the highest rates nationally are found in Arizona.

Chapter 15. Human Health Coordinating Lead Authors: Heidi Brown (Univ. of AZ); Andrew C. Comrie (Univ. of AZ); Deborah M Dreschsler (CA Air Resources Board)

Garfin, G., G.Franco, H. Blanco, A.Comrie, P.Gonzalez, T.Piechota, R.Smyth, and R.Waskom, 2014: Ch. 20: Southwest. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J.M.Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G.W.Yohe, Eds, U.S. Global Change Research Programs .

COT DOT: Green Streets Active Practice Guidelines (APG)

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• Green Street Practices not new • TDOT has been constructing water

harvesting/stormwater capture features prior to APG

1998: installation: Alvernon/29th St median captures onsite rainwater

1928-41: Colonia Solana Residential Development; residential property along Randolph Way captures stormwater 2014: 100% Design Construction Plans for Silverbell Rd

• 2013 TDOT Green Streets Active Practice Guidelines • Official Policy – given to consultants

working on roadway designs

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Mayor Rothschild’s 10,000 Trees Campaign •Plant Shade Trees to mitigate UHI

•If possible – target neighborhoods with less than 3% canopy

•Collaborate with •Businesses •Neighborhoods •Schools •Non-profits

•Over 9,600 Trees planted (June 2014)

10,000 Trees Campaign


Collaborations: Program, Initiative, Projects Trees for Tucson

Katie Gannon

Joan Lionetti

Tucson Electric Power

Larry Robinson

Jim Bennett

Businesses

Tucson Realtors Assoc.

Chapman Tucson

Watershed Management Group

Catlow Shipek

University of Arizona

Dr. Eve Halper

City of Tucson

Mayor Rothschild, Mayor’s office

James MacAdam, OIP (formerly with the Mayor’s Office)

Gary Wittwer, TDOT

Peg Weber, P&R

Fernando Molina, TW

Irene Ogata, OIP

Amy Stabler, Ward 6 Aide

Professional Input

John Wise, Stantec

Laura Mielcarek, Wheat Design Group


Mead Meir

Josh Pope

Business Case Evaluation Irene & Evan

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The Business Case: Developers

• Impact Infrastructure, LLC • CEO was Chair of Institute for Sustainable

Infrastructure (ISI) Envision, Economics Committee

• Partners are: • Engineers

• Economist

• Developed both • Business Case Evaluator (BCE) and

• AutoCASE

• Premise: Infrastructure decision process • Some economic values & impacts ignored

• Custom economic analysis can be costly

Envision: Linking Sustainable Infrastructure with Economics

• Business Case Evaluator module • Aid decision-making process

• Economic matrix (i.e., risks, stakeholders, social, environmental, costs)

• Universal industry standards

• Includes government mandated regional & national data

• Can be used at various stages of a project, from initial conceptual design stage to points when change orders need to occur

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The Business Case: BCE & AutoCASE

• BCE is excel format, free, available on-line • Developed in conjunction with Institute for Sustainable

Infrastructure Envision, Economics Committee

• AutoCASE is a commercial software • Stormwater module set for release in August

• Transportation (Roads and Bridges) target release in early 2015 (?)

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The Business Case: BCE & AutoCASE

• Direct Financial Net Present Value (NPV) • Direct costs – cash inflow and outflow

• Benefits: capital expenditures, revenues, other

• Does not include: air pollution, carbon emissions, water quality, other

Example of the probability curve output of a project

Steep curve: Lower Risk Stretched curve:

Higher Risk

Difference: net societal benefits (externalities)

Graph & Infromation: Impact Infrustructure, LLC; AutoCASE presentation Pima County, 7-15-2014

• Sustainable Return on Investment (SROI) • Incorporates impacts including local:

• Economy

• Society

• Environment

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The Business Case: AutoCASE Stormwater Beta Testing

• Cost Benefit Analysis for elements in Manual • 8 GI features evaluated

• 2 sites with clustered GI features • Small Commercial site

• Roadway section

• AutoCASE can be utilized as plug-in to Audesk’s Civil3D CADD

• Data input • Project specific

• Local data used when available

Collaborative Effort: AutoCASE Review Team

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Public: Pima County

Professional/Trade

Regional Flood Control District Office of Conservation & Sustainable Development

Dept. of Transportation: Stormwater Division

Education: Univ. of Arizona

Water Research Resource Center

. Public: City of Tucson Public: Other


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AutoCASETM decision support suite:

Design for maximum overall benefit as defined by the Sustainable Return On Investment (financial, social and environmental)

Ability to run business cases on alternative green infrastructure stormwater designs testing whether the overall benefits exceed the costs – adjusted for risk.

The economic analysis will be used to determine which GI features give the greatest benefits in Tucson and how they can be used to comply with:

• Commercial rainwater harvesting ordinance

• Green streets guidelines

Values the (1) costs, (2) benefits and (3) risks of infrastructure projects

Provides different stakeholder's perspectives of value

Can be used throughout the planning and design phases

Slide: John Wise – Urban Heat Island presentation 5-8-2014 based on Impact Infrustructure, LLC information


Review of

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• GI/LID Practices Evaluated • 8 GI features evaluated

• Commercial with clustered GI features • Porous paving

• Cistern

• Water harvesting basins

• Extended Detention

• Bio Retention Basin

• Water Harvesting Basins • Bio Retention Basin • Xeriscape Swale • Cistern • Infiltration Trench

• Detention Basins (or Extended Detention Basin • Pervious Pavers • Curb Extentions (chicanes, medians, traffic

circles and road diets with inlets to collect stormwater

• Roadway section with clustered GI features • Infiltration Trenches

• Water Harvesting Basins

• Curb extensions

• Trees

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Graph: Impact Infrustructure, LLC AutoCASE final report 7-2014


Graph of 8 elements

• Highest Beneficial GI features • Water Harvesting Basin / Infiltration

Basin

• Xeriscape Swale

• Infiltration trench

• Not as cost Beneficial GI features

• Pervious Pavers/Porous Pavement

• Cistern

• Biorention

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• Added GI/LID features to commercial site & road re-design provide net benefits to the Tucson Region

• Largest benefits: • Heat related mortality • Traffic calming • Flooding • Reduced water costs • Air pollution

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• Commercial Site Benefits • Heat related mortality largest benefit

• Air pollution: CO, SO2, NO2, PM, O3

• CO2

• Stakeholders • Government: lower water irrigation water, higher economic

activity, reduced heat mortality, lower health costs (lower air pollution)

• Community: lower mortality; better health

• Environment: reduced pollution; reduced carbon emissions

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• Road Re-design Benefits • Largest benefit: (a) reduced accidents, (b) heat-

related mortality, (c) reduced water use (financial + social costs)

• Value of Statiscal Life: range $5-13 million, median of $9.1 million (US DOT 2014 Guidance

• Stakeholders • Public works project: user (driver) does not get as much value as

community, government or business • Community: (a) reduced risk of water shortages, (c) reduced water

use (financial + social costs) • Economics (a) reduced social cost of water; (b) increase economic

activity due to accident reduction • Government: (a) reduced heat mortality; (b) decreased flooding

risk; (c) reduced carbon + air pollution

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Value of Statistical Life

The VSL is NOT the value of an actual life.

It is the value placed on changes in the likelihood of death,

Not the price someone would pay to avoid certain death.

Empirical studies published in recent years indicate a VSL of $9.1 million (2012 $).

• Low and high values of $5.2 million and $12.9 million are also used.

Definition: the value that an individual places on a marginal change in their likelihood of death.

Information: Impact Infrustructure, LLC AutoCASE Pima County GI/LID Working Group presentation 7-15-2014

GI/LID Additional Progress Mead

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Support Planning and Implementation

GI Prioritization Mapping Tool- Ongoing Development Identify Opportunities and Assess Vulnerabilities: -Exposure to Urban Heat Island -Access to Canopy -Vulnerability Demographics - Opportunities for LID Next Up: -flow paths -bus stops -pervious surface -curbs -bike boulevards -pedestrian generators Applications- -CoT 10,000 Trees -Trees for Tucson outreach focus -Conserve to Enhance grants -NHA and School Education

Outreach and Education

PSAs

Tours Brochures

Activities Pop-Up Demos

Map of Sites

Cataloging GI Initiatives Across the Region

Jenna Cleveland, PAG Internship 2012

Other Economic Considerations Ecotourism- Birding, Biking, Parks

• GI on site Enhances Business Sales

• Property Values

• Job Creation

• Impact Investment

• Healing Spaces- Esther M. Sternberg

GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation


Presentation summary • What is GI/LID?

• Benefits of GI/LID

• Recent Collaboration with Public & Private Sector

• Tucson Case Studies

• A Stronger Resolution


What is GI/LID? Green Infrastructure (GI)- Watershed Management Group, “Green Infrastructure

consists of constructed features that use living, natural systems to provide

environmental services, such as capturing, cleaning and infiltrating stormwater;

creating wildlife habitat; shading and cooling streets and buildings; and calming

traffic.”

Low Impact Development (LID)- EPA, “LID is an approach to land development

(or redevelopment) that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to the

source as possible. Includes such features as bioretention facilities, vegetated

rooftops, rain barrels, and permeable pavements.”


Benefits of GI/LID projects

Quantitative Value-

• Reduces run-off and therefore increased infiltration on site

• Mitigates stormwater flooding problems

• Improved air quality and soils

• GI/LID features can increase property value

Qualitative Value/soft costs-

• “Sense of place”

• Looks better than grey infrastructure

• Increases project sustainability goals

• Creates healthier urban environments

• Increase recreational opportunities

• GI/LID increase stakeholder and resident support

• GI/LID features are a highly visible community investment


Our Recent Collaboration with Agencies, non-profits, and Private Sector:

• LID Working Group Case Studies Catalog

• 2012 LID Conference in Tucson (field trip, poster session)

• 2014 UHI Workshop

• Mayor’s 10,000 Trees Initiative

• COT Greens Streets Policy

Important to have all three at the table.

Great collaboration. We support each other.

We all have the same goal.


Tucson Case Studies

GI/LID in Action


Scott Avenue Project Goals:

• Create a safer, more pedestrian-friendly and inviting “strolling street” for both

day and night linking the Modern Streetcar to parking garages and

cultural/historic landmarks along Scott Avenue

• Needed to function for both existing businesses and future development

• Successful consensus with stakeholders; got early buy-in

• Implement Green Infrastructure strategies

• City wanted it to become a water harvesting template for future projects

Scott Avenue


Green Infrastructure Strategies:

• Narrowed roadway section to 11’

• Provided more space for wider sidewalks and landscape areas= Heat Island

Mitigation

• Water harvesting/stormwater mitigation; curb cuts to recessed planting areas

• Signature Sonoran desert plant species

• Salvaged existing sidewalk reused as granite cover in planting areas

• Pedestrian amenities: Bicycle racks, trash/recycling receptacles, drinking fountain

(separate pet bowl)

• Light poles were reduced in height to 16’ to illuminate faces; LED white light for

good color rendition

• Different soil amendments for northern and southern portions of project=

Healthier soils


Narrowed roadway section= More space for bicyclists and pedestrians.


Narrowed roadway section= Larger landscape areas= More shade for pedestrians!


Salvaged existing concrete


Pedestrian Amenities:

Bicycle Racks, trash receptacles, drinking fountain, benches, including

continuation of the historic “Presidio Trail” with solar-powered paver

lights


Energy efficient street and pedestrian lighting fitted with white lighting

for better color rendition; poles reduced to 16’; solar lighting on

Gateway Feature.


Scott Avenue…

A great “strolling street” for Downtown Tucson.


St. Mary’s Road (I-10 to Church Avenue)

Green Infrastructure strategies:

• Sonoran plant species

• Soil moisture sensors

• Approx 85% of existing site concrete (sidewalks, curbs, driveways) was salvaged

for re-use on site as check dams, scupper armor, seat walls, and a component of

the inert ground cover; no additional cost

• Microbasins and swales for water harvesting

• Planted over 100 trees (contributed to Mayor’s 10,000 Trees Initiative)

• Sustainable GI/LID feature and provides a good public perception; adjacent

neighborhoods are very pleased with the project aesthetic


Sustainability Checklists: 1. Site Salvaged Materials (sidewalks, brick pavers, curbs, fence)

2. Preserve-in-Place Plant Materials

3. Use of Regional Materials (Boulders, rip rap, screened rock- extraction is no more

than 75 miles away)

Plants were grown in nursery only 15 miles away.

4. Manage Stormwater for On-Site Detention/Infiltration (Scuppers, swales,

microbasins, recessed planting areas, check dams, pervious concrete)

5. Reduce Potable water use for landscape irrigation. (low-water demand vegetation,

soil moisture sensors)


http://www.pagnet.org/documents/committees/epac/2014/EPAC-2014-09-05-Presentation-WDG-StormwaterVideo.MOV


Highland Vista Park • GI/LID features- Berms, swales, check dams for water stormwater mitigation

• Reduced mosquito problem in the neighborhood

• Walking paths, benches, native vegetation, signage

• Other intangible enhancements: Provides a "sense of place", community pride,

passive recreation


U of A Residence Halls

Flowing Wells Library GI/LID features- Check dams, swales,

microbasins for water harvesting.

Detention basin provides open space, wildlife

habitat, and it’s also aesthetically-pleasing.

I-10 Prince TI Swales & recessed planting areas- First

time ADOT incorporated water harvesting

along I-10 in the Tucson area


A Stronger Resolution: • Build a stronger commitment of GI/LID- not just fpr

transportation projects but all land development projects (private

& public)

• Get the stakeholders involved in the beginning of the project


Thank You

GI/LID Discussion: Next Steps Mead

Identified Issues:

• Maintenance

• Funding

• Incentives

• Monitoring

• Signage for Demonstration Sites

• Redevelopment

• Regional Adoption of Guidance

• Connection to Complete Streets

• Keep SW in Supply discussion

Actions:

• GI Joint Workshop/Forum

• EPAC Recommendations

STRATEGIES •Plan and design to mimic natural hydrology •Preserve, enhance, and make resilient habitat

BENEFITS •UHI •Energy •Carbon •Air •Soils •Aesthetic •Economic Savings •Property Values •Corridor Connectivity •Flood Reduction •Reduced Irrigation

Encourages GI/LID where affordable and feasible

•Projects •Incentives and Choices

•Technical Guidance •Regional and Intra-Jurisdictional Coordination

COMPLIMENARY GOALS •Transportation planning •Job and economic growth •Health and safety in living street •Stormwater quality regulations •Water resource •Climate change weather resiliency PROGRESS/SUPPORT •EPA Guidance •RWH Ordinances •Public and private support •Bike Friendly Award •LID Workshop, & Conference •Research

2012 LID/GI Resolution

Irene Ogata, PLA, ASLA, AzAPA [email protected] COT Office of Integrated Planning

AutoCASETM Beta Testing Project: Evaluation of GI/LID Benefits in the Pima County Environment: http://webcms.pima.gov/UserFiles/Servers/Server_6/File/Government/Flood%20Control/Floodplain%20Management/Low%20Impact%20Development/autocase-testing-final-report-20140711.pdf Business Case Evaluator for Stormwater Management Website: http://impactinfrastructurellc.com/blog/?p=233 Economic Companion Tools to Envision (BCE; Manual; BCE Example) – ISI Website: https://sustainableinfrastructure.org/downloads/index.cfm Pima County LID Working Group Website: http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=65263 http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=65263

Evan Canfield, Ph.D, P.E. [email protected] Pima Co. Regional Flood Control Dist.

Mead Mier, [email protected] Pima Assoc. of Governments

http://webcms.pima.gov/UserFiles/Servers/Server_6/File/Government/Flood Control/Floodplain Management/Low Impact Development/autocase-testing-final-report-20140711.pdf











https://sustainableinfrastructure.org/downloads/index.cfm

https://sustainableinfrastructure.org/downloads/index.cfm

http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=65263

http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=65263

strategies 2012 lid/gi resolution complimenary goals ... · identification of barriers to adoption...

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