strategies for improving reading comprehension
DESCRIPTION
Think While You Read Make Connections Ask Questions Make Inferences Visualize Determine Importance in Text Synthesize Information from Strategies that Work, Harvey and Goudvis, 2000TRANSCRIPT
Informational Text
Strategies for Improving
Reading Comprehension
Think While You Read
Make ConnectionsAsk QuestionsMake InferencesVisualizeDetermine Importance in TextSynthesize Informationfrom Strategies that Work, Harvey and Goudvis, 2000
Make Connections
Between the text and your past experience or background knowledge
Between the text and another textBetween the text and things that
happen in the world
Ask Questions While Reading
Proficient readers continually ask questions Before readingDuring readingAfter reading
Make Inferences While Reading
Not all “answers” or facts can be found directly in the text.
“Read between the lines.”Writers sometimes IMPLY meaning;
readers INFER that meaning.
Visualize While Reading
Create pictures in your mindUse author’s wordsUse your own background/experience
Make comparisonsNote words that appeal to senses
Determine Important Facts and Details While Reading
Activate prior knowledgeNote characteristics of textSkim text Read bold print, illustrations, graphs
and tablesRead first and last line of each
paragraph carefullyTake notes or highlight text when
possible; use sticky notes in textbooks
Synthesize After Reading
Retell informationAdd personal responseMake comparisons and contrastsAttempt to answer “I wonder”
questions Make application of reading to real
world
External Text Features That Signal Importance
Fonts and EffectsCue Words and PhrasesIllustrations and PhotographsGraphicsText OrganizersText Structures
from Strategies that Work, Harvey and Goudvis, 2000
Informational Text Organizers
Table of contents Preface IndexGlossaryAppendix
Informational Text Structures
Chronological/Sequential Order: A main idea is supported by details that must be in a particular sequence.
Enumeration/Description: A major idea is supported by a list of details or examples.
Pennsylvania Assessment System Classroom Connections, 2005
Informational Text Structures
Comparison/Contrast: The supporting details of two or more main ideas indicate how those concepts are similar or different.
Cause/Effect: The supporting details give the causes of a main idea or the supporting details are the results produced by the main idea.
Signal Words and Phrases to Look for in Chronological Structure
first next then initially before
after when finally preceding following
Text structure: Chronological/Sequential
Order
Example: First, Golden Eagles soar high along
ridges near their nests. Then, they search for prey. When a meal is spotted, they attack in a long swoop.
Signal Words and Phrases to Look for in Enumeration
in additionanotherfurthermorefirstsecond
for instancefor examplesuch asto illustratemost important
Text Structure: Enumeration/Description
Example: Golden Eagles are birds of prey. First,
Golden Eagles search for prey. Second, Golden Eagles swoop through the air to attack their prey.
Signal Word and Phrases to Look for in Cause and Effect
so that because of thus unless
since as a result then
consequently
Text Structure: Cause and Effect
Example:
Many Bald Eagles were killed by pesticides and illegal hunting; as a result, they were in danger of becoming extinct.
Signal Word and Phrases to Look for in Comparisons
different from same as similar to as opposed to instead of
although however compared with as well as either... or
Text Structure: Compare and Contrast
Example: Golden Eagles are apt to hunt for prey.
This differs from Bald Eagles, who are more likely to take an easy meal.
When Assigned an Informational Text:
• Use strategies before reading, while reading, and after reading! You will comprehend the material
better and be able to do your assignments more easily ;)