Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery

Berlin 24 May 2001

Martin Jackson, Bombardier Aerospace

Jeremiah Woolsey, Interactive Documents International

Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues

• Standards, goodness, and style

• Delivering efficiency to the customer

• Internal efficiencies

• Engineering interfaces

• Summary

Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues

• Standards, goodness, and style

• Delivering efficiency to the customer

• Internal efficiencies

• Engineering interfaces

• Summary

Aviation Industry Paradoxes

• Aircraft need support over 30 years

– the older the aircraft the more customers and configurations to support • Myriad of publications systems and formats

– the older the system the more expensive it is to migrate

• Engineering data is authority for revisions– The older the engineering system the greater the disconnect to publications

• Modern aircraft are increasingly complex– The experience age of technicians is declining

• Aircraft grounded are huge cost burdens– Customers require ever more efficient information retrieval

IETM stagnationdynamic text - static graphics

Graphics are created, stored and presented as static visuals

Usability of manuals have stagnated (interactivity is text based)

No links available from manuals to additional data on the web

Customers print wiring manuals from electronic version to be usable

No interfaces from IPC to parts ordering

35% increase in trouble shooting

efficiency via interactive documents

not achievable without dynamic

graphics

What is a Technical Illustration?

It is not:

• strictly engineering data

• art for art’s sake

It is:

• a communicator of technical information

• the most efficient means of passing on spatial information

An intelligent graphic is also:

• a navigation tool

• the most efficient means of passing on spatial and textual information

0102030405060708090

%

understanding by senses

visualhearingsmelltouch

Technological Convergencewhy the time is right for intelligent graphics

• Web CGM– Vector intelligent technical graphics viewable via browsers

• ATA CGM– Vector technical graphic data interchange proven to be reliable across

applications and platforms

• Industry graphic style guide– The industry accepts visual communication standards

• e-Business– Provides opportunities to link to / from customer information processes

• Human issues– The modern mechanic has less time, is relatively inexperienced but

more computer literate

4 Key Business Strategies • Quality Controls

– from 14 to 26 secondary and 50 tertiary vendors per program

• reliable digital data and quality controls

• Change Process Management– 4 revisions per year 50,000 revisions to illustrations during publications life

• structured graphic data and efficient change process

• Engineering Synergies– 50% of all publications work is research

• synergy between publications and engineering

• Single Source Graphics– Each illustration tells a unique story

– Each illustrated component is the same

• component based illustrating

Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues

• Standards, goodness, and style

• Delivering efficiency to the customer

• Internal efficiencies

• Engineering interfaces

• Summary

Why CGM?

• Platform independent

• ISO standard

• Web enabled

• Industry profiles available

• Efficient data sizes

• Conformance test suites established

• Large existing legacy data sets

CGM Standard (ISO/IEC 8632) Version 1• The original 1992 standard -vector data including polygons, lines,

rectangles, circles, arcs, text plus uncompressed raster data.

Version 2• Corrections to v1 and some minor improvements

Version 3 • Advanced curves support (Bezier, conic arcs, B-splines), improved

text handling, line attributes, raster compression, more colour models.

Version 4• Application structures that enable intelligent graphics, more precise

line type support

CGM Profiles• ATA - Air Transport Association

GREXchange Graphics Exchange standard for version 1and 3 metafiles - Aerospace industry profile

IGEX Intelligent Graphics Exchange standard for version 4 metafiles - Aerospace industry profile

• WebCGMThe intelligent web-enabled profile

January 99 - recommended for use by W3C

• CALS - (Continuous Acquisition & Life-Cycle Support)– MIL-D-28003A

Standards for the exchange of military graphics for technical publications

• PIP - Petroleum Industry ProfileGeophysical and trace mapping usage with extensive use of colour and patterning.

• SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) SAE J2008 Profile

The quality triangleSqueezing through the quality

loop

ISO 8632ISO 8632

Industry Industry ProfileProfile

NIST & NIST & syntax checkerssyntax checkers

GoodnessGoodness

Goodness How can a syntactically correct CGM not be good?

• Line styles

• Text alignment

• Circles and curves

• Layers - corporate handshakes

• Colour precision

• Line continuation

• Inherited quality issues

AA BB AA

QQ

LOSSLOSSCGMCGM CGMCGM

Supplier Graphic DataTypical problems

• differing visual clues

• uncertain locations

• confusing detail

• huge fragmented CAD

files

• different layering

schemes

CGMCGM• fonts• scaling• colour maps• line fonts• ellipses• masks• fragmentation• huge CAD files

Graphic Style About 50% of supplier errors are style related

• Why does it matter?– Visual communication

– Goodness controls

– Visual coding

– Use of illustration fragments

• Cost versus Quality– $2m+/ yr in Aerospace spent reworking graphics for style purposes (1997 ATA

Survey)

– Limits reuse of illustration fragments

• ATA Graphics Style Standard– Recommended for use in 2000

– Created by all major manufacturers and component vendors with input from AECMA.

– In use now within Aerospace community

Colour Standards

• Video display units • Training courses• Single source graphics• Exchanging colour graphics• Reliable results • Print and display • ATA Colour standard• Web safe colours Black 70% 99 99

Black 50% 149 149

Black 30% 0 20

Black 0 0

99

149

0

0

Gray 70%

Gray 50%

Gray 30%

Black

255 255 255White

255 0 255

513

238

141 33 141

701 233 511 173

Magenta

Violet

Lilac

Warm Red 255 0

1385 216 128

1585 255 116

375375

362

416

00

48

141

255255

150

151

3245

290

0

191

255

226

Yellow 255 255

0

0

66

00

66

122

255

247

0

465 195 172 130

266

647

Red

Amber

Orange

GreenGreen

Dark Green

Olive

Cyan

Light Blue

Yellow

Beige

Blue

Dim Blue

0

60

0

86

255

110

Color NamePantoneMatchingSystem

R G B

Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues

• Standards, goodness, and style

• Delivering efficiency to the customer

• Internal efficiencies

• Engineering interfaces

• Summary

An e-Business model

CUSTOMER INFORMATION CENTRE

SPARESdBase

ENGINEERINGDIGITALMOCK UP

SPARESINVENTORIES

ORDERING

INTEGRATED SERVICESPRODUCT & SERVICES INTEGRATED

TO PROVIDE UP TO DATE DATAINTER LINKED TO RELATED DATA

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

FLEET SUPPORTFSR

HOT TIPSCUSTOMER RECORD

ACCOUNT REPS

TRAININGCOURSE SCHEDULES

ANIMATIONSVIDEOS

COURSE ORDERING

PUBLICATIONSMANUALS

INFO SERVICESERVICE BULLETINS

TECH SERVICESMAINTENANCE

PLANNING

PARTSPARTS

WARRANTYORDERING

INTRANETENGINEERING CONTRACTS SALES WORKFLOW TOOLS SUPPORTSINTRANET AND FLOW TO C.I.C.

EBOM

AS MAINTAINEDAS DELIVERED

M BOM

WEB BROWSER INTERFACE

WORKFLOWS

PROFILE FILTERING www.cic.bombardier.com

ORGANIZATIONS

FIREWALL FIREWALLFIREWALLFIREWALL

FIREWALLFIREWALL FIREWALL FIREWALL

FAULTDIAGNOSTIC

INFO SERVICE

FAQ

CHAT

MARKETING

SERVICES

HUMP

CIMMS

EMP

EHUMP

SPARE PARTS

FRACAS

INVENTORYLEVELS

PARTS

ORDERING

IPC

REMOVALS &INSTALLATIONS

SBS

MANUALS

CMM

TRAINING

3D MODELS

VIDEO

ANIMATION

MM

CUSTOMERS PARTNERSVENDORSEMPLOYEES

PC ONBOARDLAP

REMOTE

INTERNAL

ENGINEERING

PUBS

3D VIRTUAL AIRCRAFTPUBLISH & SUBSCRIBEDATA VIEWAS MAINTAINED CONFIGURATION

CGM as e-Business enabler

TRAINING

CGM V1-4MultimediaPhotosAnimations

WEBSITE

PROFILE ACCESS

ENGINEERINGDIGITAL

MOCK UP

LMS

CUSTOMER SUPPORT MANUFACTURING

ORDERING IETM

MM SB WM IPC TRAINING MODULES• PILOT• MAINTENANCE

ANALYSIS

VENDORSEMPLOYEES TECH. MANUALS

REMOTE

INTERNAL

GRAPHICdBase

BASIC STATIC INTERFACE

WEB CGM

CGM V3

CGM V1-4MultimediaPhotos

AnimationsWEB CGM

Navigation Navigation byby detail detail andand component component

• Navigation by detail for interactive delivery

• Navigation by static visual clues by core paper delivery

• Details reused in multiple occurrences

• Locator controls navigation relationships

Effectivity on the flyEffectivity on the fly• User login activates profile and User login activates profile and

aircraft effectivityaircraft effectivity

• Effectivity recorded on XML Effectivity recorded on XML companion filecompanion file

• Returns rendering of Returns rendering of component based on effectivity component based on effectivity and size, view parametersand size, view parameters

• Parts list and ordering Parts list and ordering mechanism synchronized from mechanism synchronized from companion file to return correct companion file to return correct meta data.meta data.

Variations in Paper and Digital Delivery

• Paper delivery WILL still be required 10 years from now

• Intelligent content and paper incompatible

• Regulatory bodies need to synchronise all media deliveries

• Concept of core data and extended data

Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues

• Standards, goodness, and style

• Delivering efficiency to the customer

• Internal efficiencies

• Engineering interfaces

• Summary

Graphics Creationnew tools -- old methods

ATA graphics are primarily visualizations of maintenance and operational tasks

Static depiction of optimal sequence of procedure 50% of creation time spent in search of

engineering drawings/models/change drivers Orientation of 3D models and 2D orthographic

drawings to task-specific view

Graphics Creationnew tools -- old methods

ATA graphics are primarily visualizations of maintenance and operational tasks

Static depiction of optimal sequence of procedure 50% of creation time spent in search of

engineering drawings/models/change drivers Orientation of 3D models and 2orthographic

engineering drawings to task-specific view

Graphics Creation (con’t)new tools -- old methods

Extraction of geometry 2D-3D & HLR, part metadata is typically not captured

Context is not saved, re-used, must repeat process - task configuration (BOM) and orientation

Illustrated components/fragments not reused -no ‘where-used’ of part in (SGML/XML) task instance

Intelligence in graphic is manually authored Customer Support-specific attributes not at source

Intelligent Gfx Creation & Revision

• Capturing component intelligence from:– Engineering design data CAD/CAM/PDM

• Maintenance View of product structure needed– subset of complete bill of materials - LRUs & SSIs

• Geometry (both 2D and 3D where existing) static & kinematic visualizations

• Transport (via XML) metadata elements used by Customer Support:

– e.g. part number, material spec, CAGE code, service effectivity, interchangeability (1 & 2-way)

Intelligent Gfx Creation & Revision (con’t)

• Supplier data – Supplier Engineering data– Supplier Product Support (SGML/XML/CGM)

• Legacy illustrations - leverage commonality of parts – 30% for derivative programs

• Automating grobject creation for legacy Gfx – Using scripts to find patterns (text/fonts/layers)– Revisit CAD conversion process - extract native entity

attributes, serialize to XML– Direct linking to source PDM intelligence

Opportunities for Efficiency Gains

• Reduction of research activities (50% of current efforts)

• Build task-specific views of product structure automatically, save as context– IPC becomes customer support Bill of Material

• Reusing detail views and components – increases reuse by a factor of 200

– average of 2.5 locator views per sheet

– improves consistency and reliability of data

Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues

• Standards, goodness and style

• Delivering efficiency to the customer

• Internal efficiencies

• Engineering interfaces

• Summary

Engineering SourceGraphic Data Extraction

PUBLISHINGdBase

GRAPHIC\ dBase

ENGINEERINGDIGITAL MOCK-UP

WIRINGDIAGRAM

WIRINGLIST

XML

WIRINGDIAGRAM

WIRINGLIST

XML

WIRINGDIAGRAM

WIRINGLIST

XML

COREDESIGN

VIEWCONTEXT

PUBLISH &SUBSCRIBE

WHERE USEDANALYSIS(AMTOSS)

EFFECTIVITY/APPLICABILITYCONDITIONS

PARSE REPLICATE PUBLISH

BAGD0301_001.cdr

XMLMETADATA

CONTEXTFILTERING APPROVAL

GRAPHICSTYLEGUIDE

AUTO-EXTRACTION

CGMCONVERSION

CGM V4

XML

Interfacing with Engineering• Managing product change - impact analysis

– Individuals or Customer Support units can set change notification rules based on specific: ATA systems, aircraft zones, approval level, etc...

• Re-Use 3D Graphic Models– for illustration and/or maintenance task simulation

• Customer Support view vs “best-so-far”– All aircraft configurations need to be supported, not

just the most current design

Engineering to illustration process - new illustrations

WORK STATIONPC & THIN CLIENT

DocumentDocument

PartPart

PartPart

PartPart

PartPart

ProductProduct

Standard PartStandard Part

VPDM SystemVPDM System

Orient Models to one of 8 isometric views

Orient Models to one of 8 isometric views

Extract Illustration (CGM v4) or kinematics

Extract Illustration (CGM v4) or kinematics

Import CGM v4 into illustration application

Import CGM v4 into illustration application

Filter by VIEWS /Work areaFilter by VIEWS /Work area

Close unwanted models

Close unwanted models

Open models in viewer Open models in viewer

Automatically Create Task/Context with parts in illustration

Automatically Create Task/Context with parts in illustration

Deliver illustration (electronically and on paper)

Deliver illustration (electronically and on paper)

Create Axis, eliminate extraneous dataCreate Axis, eliminate extraneous data

Use Configured Digital Mock-up search tools to find the parts to include in illustration

Use Configured Digital Mock-up search tools to find the parts to include in illustration

Analysis Phase

Orientation Phase

ExtractionPhase

Engineering to illustration process - revising illustrations

WORK STATIONPC & THIN CLIENT

DocumentDocument

PartPart

PartPart

PartPart

PartPart

ProductProduct

Standard PartStandard Part

VPDM SystemVPDM System

Engineering changes the product

Check illustration(s) using part to see if they need to be revised

Check illustration(s) using part to see if they need to be revised

Load task/contextLoad task/context

Refresh task/context to display variancesRefresh task/context to display variances

User receives and acknowledges Email notification

User receives and acknowledges Email notification

System compares revision with previous task/context and notifies owner by email

System compares revision with previous task/context and notifies owner by email

Load models from Context and auto style extract updated master component or view

Load models from Context and auto style extract updated master component or view

Consult change documents Consult change documents

No

Yes

End

System identifies which tasks/contexts are affected by the change in near real-time

System identifies which tasks/contexts are affected by the change in near real-time

ChangeNotification

Verification of Applicability

Revise Illustration

Update illustration?

Developing a ‘Customer Support’ Bill Of Material

• create “as-maintained” task-based view (link parts to tasks)

• engineering validity vs production effectivity vs service effectivity

• unified effectivity model

• operator input - updating in-service configuration– recording part removals and installations

Building Customer Support View of Product Structure

Global Express

GC219-1900-1

GC211-0039-1

GC211-0046-1

GC211-0047-2

GC211-0048-5

GC211-0166-3

GC211-0046-2

GC211-0047-1

GC211-0039-1

GC211-0039 NC

GC211-0039 NC

GC211-0046 -A

GC211-0046 -A

GC211-0047 NC

GC211-0047 NC

GC211-0048 -B

GC211-0166 -A

SAVED TASK/CONTEXT

•Graphical Mfg Assembly/Fab aids

•On-line Spares

•eTask Cards

•Interactive Training

•Portable Maintainance Systems (CRDC)

FRAMEWORK FOR e-

BUSINESS LINKS

ILLUSTRATION FOR PRODUCTION VISUAL AIDS,

TECH PUB MANUALS, TRAINING MANUALS

CONFIGURED DIGITAL

MOCK-UP

90

85140

100

145

135

125130

130120

115

80

85

90

95

105

110

120 11580 95

LBL10.00

LBL30.00

FS281.65

FS260.00

FS240.00

RBL30.00

RBL10.00

BL0.00

10

10

Enabling Legacy Engineering Data

• Enhance use of conversions - graphics, plus:

• Metadata extraction - XML can facilitate by:– common structured data format– support for external applications– provide conversion bridge between CGM,

SGML, web and engineering systems.

Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues

• Standards, goodness and style

• Delivering efficiency to the customer

• Internal efficiencies

• Engineering interfaces

• Summary

Organizational Change

• Process– authoring more rigorous

– graphics much more structured

– link resolution needs to be validated

– revision cycle more complex

– create once use many

• Human Issues– are publications staff equipped and ready for change in work

process?

XMLthe metadata key

• transporting engineering metadata from partners/suppliers

• transporting product support metadata from partners & suppliers

• transporting data between de-coupled departmental databases

Design ==> Manufacturing ==> Customer Support

• transforming SGML to XML and XSLT for Web presentation

SGML-XML-WebCGM based IPC

PUBLISHINGdBaseGRAPHIC\

dBase

SGML/XMLEDITOR

SHEET 1 SHEET 2

METADATA

SHEET 3

V4IMBEDDED

ON CALLOUTS

LINKMANAGEMENT

DOCUMENTLINKS

LINKRESOLUTION

EXTERNALLINKSPARTS

ORDERING GRAPHICPOOL

PUBLICATIONSDTD

PARTSLIST

IMPORT

WEBCGM/XML

INTERNALILLUSTRATIONS

TEMPLATES

TEMPLATES

SUPPLIERILLUSTRATIONS

ENGINEERINGPSD or SAP

dBaseLEGACY

PUBLICATIONS

XMLTRANSFORMATION

PARSE

STYLESHEETS

CGM v3 2100

CGM v3 2100

CGM v4

INTELLIGENTGRAPHIC

AUTHORINGAPPLICATION

AUTO LINKINGSCRIPTS

LINKRESOLUTION

PUBLISH

CD-ROM

WEB

WEB LINKS

SGML

<SHEET GNBR=”gip1121000_001” SHEETNBR=”1” XNBR=”gip1121000_001”

LIVE LINKING

bagd022001_002.cdrPAPER

INTERACTIVEFORMAT

GRAPHICIDENTIFIER

PAR

SE

STY

LES

HE

ETS

PAR

SE

Summarythe time is right

• WebCGM as core graphic format – supplemental formats: .avi, .mpeg, .jpeg, .svg etc..

• WebCGM can support static paper as well as interactive media: Web-CD-ROM-DVD

• WebCGM and XML enable essential quality controls– batch goodness checking possible on structured graphics

• XML facilitates metadata linking to graphic objects

• XML enables synergy between related standards:– Maintenance Steering Group (MSG-DTD), Component Reliability Data

Collection (CDRC) Validate, STEP Engineering BOM

Summary

• Achieve most accurate, up-to-date snapshot of A/C configuration in a highly dynamic change

• Design Customer Support authoring/delivery systems with regard for end-user needs, provide the maintenance and flight crews:– right data

– at the right time

– in the media most appropriate to the task