strategies to prevent evading from rubber planting
TRANSCRIPT
D.M.A.P. Dissanayake
P.G.N. Ishani
P.K.K.S. Gunarathna
R. A .D. Ranawaka
Strategies to prevent evading from Rubber planting:
Introducing Gliricidia as a Fuelwood in Smallholder
Rubber Lands of Sri Lanka
Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka
J.K.S. Sankalpa
Priyani Seneviratne
Wasana Wijesuriya
• Total Natural Forest Lands in Sri Lanka – 163,000 ha
• Forest Department – 90,000 ha
• Wildlife Conservation Department – 70,000 ha
• Isolated forest patches (State agencies and private) – 3000 ha
• Wood - one of the main source of energy (39%) used by
• Domestic sector – for cooking purposes - (78% of country’s
population)
• Industries - for thermal applications
- Sourced from
• Home gardens and plantations
• Trees outside Natural Forest areas
• By products of wood processing
Introduction
Threat :
On Natural Forests due to unsustainable and illegal sourcing of wood
Objectives
• To assure,
– Sustainable Management of State forest resources
– Regulated multiple usage of natural forests
– Rehabilitation of degraded forest lands
– Encouraging tree growing by rural people
– Allowing responsibility for production and marketing of
commercial forest products by rural people
Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority
Promoting - Production and use of Biomass across the nation
Project – Biomass Energy Production
Objectives
Manage under
1. Community Fuelwood Plantations
2. Regional Plantation Companies
3. NGOs and CBOs
4. Fuelwood Research and Nurseries
5. Government Institutions
• Forest Department
• Coconut Cultivation Board
• Rubber Research Institute
Total Land Area – 1066 ha
Fuelwood Plantations
Eucalyptus sp.
Community Fuelwood Plantations
Objectives
Regional Plantation Companies
Eucalyptus sp. Acacia sp.
Calliandra sp.
Objectives
NGOs and CBOs
Gliricidia
Fuelwood Research and Nurseries
Acacia sp.
Eucalyptus sp.
Government Institutions
Khaya senegalensis Eucalyptus grandis
Forest Department
Coconut Cultivation Board
• Due to low rubber prices prevailing in the country:
– Tendency to abandon rubber cultivations
– Some have evaded from rubber cultivation
– Serious dip in rubber production
– Replanting and new planting reduced by 59% and 80%
respectively in past 5 years
Objective/s
• Building a strategy to prevent evading from rubber cultivation;
Rubber Research Institute
Pilot project - 2017
– Introduce Gliricidia as a fuelwood to improve income states of
rubber farmers
– Benefit the process of power generation as biomass energy
– Indirectly reduce the threat of felling forest trees
Gliricidia only (1 m x 1 m) 8000 plants/ha
At different stages …
At different stages …
Gliricidia - Pepper (2.5 m x 2.5 m)
(1700 /ha) (1700/ha)
Rubber - Gliricidia
1) 8’ x 27’ / 2.5 m x 8 m
2) 8’ x 40’ / 2.5 m x 12 m
3) 8’ x 60’ / 2.5 m x 18 m
Gliricidia plants
2500/ha
Gliricidia plants
5000/ha
Gliricidia plants
6500/ha
Rubber Spacing
At different stages …
Rubber – Gliricidia - Pepper
1) 8’ x 27’ / 2.5 m x 8 m
2) 8’ x 40’ / 2.5 m x 12 m
3) 8’ x 60’ / 2.5 m x 18 m
Gliricidia & Pepper plants
500/ha
Gliricidia & Pepper plants
1000/ha
Gliricidia & Pepper plants
1125/ha
Rubber Spacing
Objectives
Demographic Characteristics
• Expected extent under the project – 100 ha
• Extent under the project at present – 75 ha
• Total number of farmers involved – 102
• Average land size of farmers – 2.9 ha
• Average extent (under the project) – 1.0 ha
• Experience of farmers (Over 10 years) – 64%
• Majority of lands under the project – 1-2 ha(46%)
Geographic Distribution of Lands
Objectives
Projected Gliricidia fuelwood yield for 08 years
270
771
964
1157 1157 1157 1157 1157
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Me
tric
To
nn
es
Year
* Fuelwood supply from rubber (after 30 years) : 19,110 Mt
Objectives
Projected value of Gliricidia fuelwood from
different growing models (per ha basis)
1101
894
688
344
234 155 138
69
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
G only R-G
(8' × 60')
R-G (8' × 40') R-G
(8' × 27')
G-P R-G-P
(8' × 60')
R-G-P
(8' × 40')
R-G-P
(8' × 27')
Fuel
Woo
d va
lue
(LKR
‘000
’)
Model
For 08 years
Financial Feasibility Analysis - NPV
0,53
0,67
0,74
0,91
0,95
5,47
5,89
7,93
8,42
0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00
G only
R only
R-G (8' × 27')
R-G-P (8' × 27')
G+P
R-G (8' × 40')
R-G (8' × 60')
R-G-P (8' × 40')
R-G-P (8' × 60')
Net Present Value (NPV) (Mn LKR)
2,27 2,26
1,82 1,77 1,75
1,37 1,35 1,3 1,25
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
R-G
(8' × 60')
R-G
(8' × 40')
G only R-G-P
(8' × 40')
R-G-P
(8' × 60')
R-G
(8' × 27')
R only R-G-P
(8' × 27')
G+P
BC
R
Financial Feasibility Analysis - BCR
SWOT Analysis
•Additional income for rubber smallholders
• Market value as a fuel wood for energy generation
• Evidence of improving growth conditions of rubber
• Acts as a measure for soil & moisture conservation
(SALT Technique)
• Possibility to use as an organic manure
• Possibility to use as an animal feed
Strengths
• Ability to provide stand for pepper
• Cultivable in unutilized degraded or marginal lands
• Possibility to use in demarcation and protective fence
• Provide shelter for rubber from sun light especially in
intermediate and dry zones
• Adaptable to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions
• Easy propagation & establishment
Strengths
Weaknesses
• Poor awareness on - Usage as a fuel wood
- Marketing avenues
- Proper field establishment techniques
Threats
Opportunities
• Established institutions/organizations available for promotion
• Industrial end users available
• International support is available for research and development
• Reducing the threat on natural forests for energy generation
• Well established market channels not available
• Lack of price standards for marketing
• Unattractive fuel wood prices
• All the models - Positive NPV
- BCR values > 01
• Growing Gliricidia with rubber provides substantial amount
of Fuelwood
• Intercropping pepper gives an additional income for farmers
• SWOT Analysis indicated
– No proper marketing systems
– Unattractive price is a threat for growing Gliricidia
Results at a Glance ….
Implies that all the models are financially viable
• Growers depend on adhoc market channels
- Only 03 Biomass Energy Terminals available
in the country at strategic locations
Establishment of market channels - highly important
At present …
Establishment of market channels - highly important
- Promoting Sustainable Biomass Energy
Production and Modern Bio - Energy Technologies
Future Focus …
Widen the opportunity of using Gliricidia as a promising Fuelwood
Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority
Project - Phase 2
Objectives • Setting up of Standardized and Sustainable Biomass
Collection and Distribution Terminals – 50 Nos.
Terminals - Cater to the requirement to the industry
- Settle supply and demand fluctuations
- Ensure long term sustainability
• Establish satellite supply chains around terminals
Thank you