strategy to develop methods of life cycle impact ...€¦ · strategy to develop methods of life...

O. Jolliet, 16/05/00

Strategy to develop Methods of LifeStrategy to develop Methods of LifeCycle Impact Assessment for APEC regionCycle Impact Assessment for APEC region

Contribution of the Life Cycle InitiativeContribution of the Life Cycle Initiative

O.O.JollietJollietolivierolivier..jollietjolliet @@epflepfl..chch

EPFL EPFL -- Swiss federal institute of technology,Swiss federal institute of technology,LausanneLausanne, Life Cycle Systems, Life Cycle Systems


The UNEP/SETACThe UNEP/SETACLife Cycle InitiativeLife Cycle Initiative

Translate life cycle thinkingTranslate life cycle thinkinginto practice !into practice !

Launched 28th May 2002Launched 28th May 2002by K.by K.ToepferToepfer

United Nation Environmental ProgrammeUnited Nation Environmental Programme


UNEP/ SETAC partnership to UNEP/ SETAC partnership to advance the life cycle economy advance the life cycle economy

1. 1. Conditions for successful applicationConditions for successful application of LCA of LCA and LC Thinkingand LC Thinking

2. 2. InterfaceInterface between LCA and between LCA and other toolsother tools ;;

3. 3. Educational activitiesEducational activities related to LCA and LC related to LCA and LC Thinking;Thinking;

4. 4. Availability of soundAvailability of sound LCA data and methods;LCA data and methods;

5. 5. Guidance Guidance on the use of LCA data and on the use of LCA data and methods.methods.


UNEP SETAC Associated partners

International Life Cycle Panel (ILCP)

1. Life Cycle Inventory 2. Life Cycle Impact 3. LC managementAssessment

Working group,Task force + (affiliated) project Reviewers

3 Programmes3 Programmes


The Life Cycle Impact The Life Cycle Impact Assessment programmeAssessment programme

An interesting challenge: bring together science and pragmatism:-->

Characterization factors and data sets that are- scientifically defendable, - relevant to the decision endpoints and- available and practical !

KICS: Keep It Cleverly Simple !Build on previous & existing efforts worldwide !


LCIA definition studyLCIA definition study

1. Identify user needs for LCIA2. Provide a clear framework of impact categories at midpoint and damage levels, including new categories adapted to developing countries, like e.g. erosion and salinization3. Based on main research needs, producea 4 years workplan4. To identify worldwide experts from relevant fields to be involved


LCIA User need questionnaireLCIA User need questionnairein the coming days !in the coming days !

Issue: No opinion

Agreement with issue

Priority Rating for

Issue

(“x”) (0 – 4) (0 – 4 )

The UNEP SETAC LC Initiative should stimulate international scientific co-operation in LCIA, promoting close collaboration between scientists and industry

The environmental assessment of the LCIA framework should be compatible with the other dimensions of sustainability (economical, social, etc).

LCIA methodology must reflect the most detailed scientific level of knowledge

LCIA methodology must be easy to apply by the end user, application should remain as simple as possible

The proposed model must be transparent


A general frameworkA general framework

LCIA framework --> help method developers to have their expertise and innovative achievement more easily incorporated in a wider framework.

Framework should be flexible enough to incorporate latest knowledge, but strong enough to enhance method compatibilities.


midpoint midpoint -- damagedamage

Midpoint categories

Human toxicity: cancernon cancer

Accidents

Radiation: IonisingNon-ionising

Noise

Odours

Oxidant creation

Ozone depletion

Global warming

Acidification: aquaticterrestrial

Nutrification: aquaticterrestrial

Ecotoxicity: subclasses?e.g.endocrine disruptor

Damage categories

MorbidityMortality

Annoyance / stress

Change in occurrence of species

Ultimate level ?

Human health

Natural environment

Areas of ProtectionIntermediary status?

Life support systemClimate equilibrium

LCIEnv.Inter-ven-tions

Midpoint categories

Human toxicity: cancernon cancer

Accidents

Radiation: IonisingNon-ionising

Noise

Odours

Oxidant creation

Ozone depletion

Global warming

Acidification: aquaticterrestrial

Nutrification: aquaticterrestrial

Ecotoxicity: subclasses?e.g.endocrine disruptor

Damage categories

MorbidityMortality

Annoyance / stress

Change in occurrence of species

Ultimate level ?

Human health

Natural environment

Areas of ProtectionIntermediary status?

Life support systemClimate equilibrium

LCIEnv.Inter-ven-tions


Damage categoriesDamage categories

Objects considered Humans

Biotic environment Abiotic environment

Plants and animals Freshwater, ores &

energy carriers Built environment

Damage categories

Damages related to intrinsic value and corresponding indicator.

Human health: Morbidity & Mortality (DALY's, HH)

Biotic natural environment Occurrence of species and ecosystems* (PAF or PDF, NE)

Abiotic natural environment (Elements in nature !!) Natural landscapes** (-, NE) Man-Made environment: Cultural heritage** ( -, MME)

Damages related to functional values

Human resources (e.g. labour loss due to illnesses)

Biotic natural resources Natural: fish, etc. (PAF or PDF ?, NR)

Man-made biotic environment: crops, aquaculture ($ MME)

Domestic animals

Abiotic natural resources: ores & energy carriers. (Energy to close cycle, NR)

Man-made abiotic environment: Materials, buildings, etc. ($, MME)

Midpoint categories


Adaptation to APECAdaptation to APEC

- Spatial differentiation: the flexible framework should enable the determination of characterization factors at generic worldwide, continental or regional levels.- Choice of impact categories: it is of high priority to extend traditionally considered impact categories to - Weighting: on the one hand the UNEP-SETAC will not proposed definite weighting sets. On the other hand, guidance will be provided to users to derive consistent weightings procedures and sets for LCIA results which could be value specific.


Emission to damageEmission to damage

Emissions in compartment m

Time integrated concentration ? in n

Dose taken in

Risk of affectedpersons

Damage onhuman health

Chemicalfate

Humanexposure

Potency(Dose -

response)

Fraction transferred to n

Severity

Intakefraction

iF

Effectfactor

Fate side

? ?

? ?masstenvironmenthe into released mass

individual anby pollutant ofintaketimepeople,

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mass

iF (ES&T, 2002)


A modular approachA modular approach

Air

Water

SoilSediment

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Comparison Intake fractionsComparison Intake fractionsImpact 2002Impact 2002--Caltox 4.0Caltox 4.0

Test Set - iF, source to air

Benomyl

Acephate Methomyl

Propoxur

Benomyl

Methomyl

Acephate

1.E-14

1.E-12

1.E-10

1.E-08

1.E-06

1.E-04

1.E-02

1.E-14 1.E-12 1.E-10 1.E-08 1.E-06 1.E-04 1.E-02

Impact 2002 [-]

Cal

tox

[-]

iF(air,oral)iF(air, inh)

Intermittent rain play an important role--> a new simple approximation for steady state models


Intake fraction: progression Intake fraction: progression in levels of complexityin levels of complexity

Tier 1: Steady state modelavailable: "Impact 2002"

Run independently single media models andcouple them in a second step, How ?How to address intermittent rain ?

Tier 2: Spatial differentationFirst model available

Tier 3: Dynamicmodelling (e.g plants)

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The spatial modelThe spatial model

Western Europe Model:

135 Land zones, 124 Oceanic zones and a 2x2.5 degree air grid

15 countries (entirely), 10 countries (partly)

Size 6’400’000km2

Population: 420 Mio.


Modular Modular ----> enable the decoupling > enable the decoupling between air & water cellsbetween air & water cells

regular grid for air (left) and watersheds for water(right)


Variations of intake fractions forVariations of intake fractions forpoint emissions in each zonepoint emissions in each zone

Main variations for emissions to water, due to variations in water volumes + fish catch

1.00E-08

1.00E-07

1.00E-06

1.00E-05

1.00E-04

1.00E-03

Zones

Inta

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ract

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if total

median

a-spatial

Point emissions of Bisphenol A in the water


Spatial differentiationSpatial differentiationonly when requiredonly when required

1.00E-09

1.00E-08

1.00E-07

1.00E-06

1.00E-05

1.00E-04

1.00E-03

1.00E-02

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water emission

soil emission

+/- Factor of 10


ConclusionConclusion

Based on collected experience, it would be of high interest to have a

group of APEC scientists collaborating to work on the above mentioned aspects: the development of indicators for new categories, the preparation of regional data to enable the calculations of region specific factors, a study on weighting procedures


Definition studiesDefinition studiesfor the work programfor the work program

a) Workshops

b) Internet Forum

c) Draft author team + working groups

d) A review panel of experts and stakeholders


LCI and LCIA workshopsLCI and LCIA workshopsVienna 16 May 2002Vienna 16 May 2002

1. User needs (& case study)First identification of user needs and processa) LCI b) LCIA

2. LCI: protocols

3. LCIAElaborate the LCIA frameworka)


Life Cycle InventoryLife Cycle Inventory

Definition study of theDefinition study of theLife Cycle Inventory programLife Cycle Inventory program

G. NorrisG. Norrisnorrisnorris@@sylvaticasylvatica.com.com

Harvard School of Public Health,Harvard School of Public Health,SylvaticaSylvatica


Review of ContextReview of Context

There is already much positive activityNational data projectsCooperation projectsISO 1404x standards

LCI program shouldCompliment, strengthen, harmonize, link

Not

Duplicate, compete, conflict


Definition Study Work PlanDefinition Study Work Plan

Task 1: Survey needs and concernsIncludes review of methods diversityWeb-facilitated user input

Task 2: LCI Program Work PlanDeliverablesSteps, processSchedule, budget

Brainstormmeeting

Inputvia web Draft

Review / comment

WorkPlan


User community includes:User community includes:

Those who use LCI data and software tools to conduct LCIs and LCAs

Those who provide LCI data and software toolsFor-profit

Not-for-profit

Those who use the results of LCAs to

Make decisions in …Provide guidance to …


Definition Study Definition Study

DataIdentify high-need dataIdentify needed characteristics of data

MethodsIdentify user needs for LCI methods guidance*,

consistency, harmonization. Examples:AllocationProcess type boundaries, missing data approachesFlow types to includedApplication ? marginal vs. average model, or

attributionalvs. consequential modelRecommended practice for different applications


Vision for LCI ProgramVision for LCI Program

Remember: User Needs ? Program Goals

Still…Envision LCI Program Delivering:

Projects or agreement on multinational efforts to address common data needs

Stimulated data development in other countriesHarmonization of national LCI database protocols, enhancing

comparability and linkabilityCase-based recommended practice on methods for LCI


State of Practice Review /State of Practice Review /Harmonization Opportunity AssessmentHarmonization Opportunity Assessment

Meeting in Vienna 16 May 2002Review protocols of LCI databases, with emphasis on those in progressIdentify opportunities to harmonize key characteristics

Industrial / Consultant

Academic / Decentralized

National / Multi-national

Planned or ongoing, pre-data development

Ongoing, data development underway

CompletedStatus:

Managed by:


Life Cycle Impact AssessmentLife Cycle Impact Assessment

Definition study of theDefinition study of theLife Cycle Impact Assessment programLife Cycle Impact Assessment program

O.O.JollietJollietolivierolivier..jollietjolliet@@epflepfl..chch

EPFL EPFL -- Swiss federal institute of technology,Swiss federal institute of technology,LausanneLausanne, Life Cycle Systems, Life Cycle Systems


Recommended practiceRecommended practice

Best science for a life cycle economy !

An interesting challenge: bring together science and pragmatism,

Characterization factors and data sets that are- scientifically defendable, - relevant to the decision endpoints and- available and practical !

KICS: Keep It Cleverly Simple !Build on previous & existing efforts worldwide !


LCIA definition studyLCIA definition study

Within the next 6 months:1. User need assessmentwith special emphasis on "non OECD categories", like e.g. salinity, erosion.2) Clear picture of the overall framework and of the impact categories3) 2 to 4 years detailed plan for the LCIA program,

4) Identification of worldwide expertsfor peer review, workgroups or task forces.5) Case studies, to test method feasibility + ensure consistency with LCI, LCM


Workshop on LCA and MetalsWorkshop on LCA and MetalsUNEP / SETAC / APEC / ICMM / UNEP / SETAC / APEC / ICMM / NRCanNRCan

Montreal, Canada – April 15 to 17, 2002http://envirolab .nrcan.gc.ca/lifecycle/

THEME 1: Metal LCI databases and methods (alloc.)THEME 2: LCIA: abiotic resources (land use, resource depl.)THEME 3: Human and environmental toxicity of metals

Has stimulated inputs from different scientific fieldsbringing together metal specialists and LCA developers

--> knowledge ready to be injected, so that specificity of metals dealt with properly.--> need a very good communication on the boundaries of different methods

Alain Dubreuil, 2:50 pm today !


LCIA workshop, SETAC meeting, LCIA workshop, SETAC meeting, Vienna 16 May, this ThursdayVienna 16 May, this Thursday

a) Identify user needs for LCIA and case studies

b) Evaluate the practical consequences of different assessment frameworks

c) Make a first proposal of impact categories to be addressed

d) Address as high priority different impacts than the one typically applied in "OECD country LCAs", like e.g. salinity, erosion, or biodiversityHilton Hotel, 9am - 5pm, welcome & hard work !!


The Life Cycle The Life Cycle Management ProgramManagement Program

Dr. Konrad Saur, Five Winds International, Germany

Dr. Ana Quiros, EcoGlobal, Cost Rica

SETAC ConferenceVienna, 14. May 2002


The LCM program aims at The LCM program aims at ……

… identification of needs for LCA and life cycle thinking … discussion on the different applications of LCA and life cycle

thinking in business and policy decision making- identification of examples of successful applications; - identification of success and failure factors; and - provision of guidance for the use of LCA and life cycle thinking

… discussion on and explanation of the role of different - detailed and simple - analytical and procedural tools in LCM

… inclusion of social and economic dimensions in LCA and life cycle thinking

… discussion on and explanation of the position of the present initiative in relation to other programs or initiatives

… education (training and outreach) regarding LCA and life cycle thinking.


Box 1: The environmental toolboxBox 1: The environmental toolbox

Procedural toolsenvironmental

management systems (EMS),

audits, certification,environmental

accounting,design for

environment,Labeling and

communication,environmental impact

assessment (EIA),Etc.

Analytical tools• environmental risk

assessment (ERA),• substance flow analysis

(SFA), • material flow analysis

(MFA), • energy analysis (EA),

cumulated energy demand (CED),

• Etc.


Box 2: The socioBox 2: The socio--economic toolboxeconomic toolbox

Life Cycle Costing (LCC), Total Cost of Ownership (TCO),Input-Output Analysis (IOA), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA),

Stakeholder expectation matrix,Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),Social Accounting,Sustainable ConsumptionEtc.


The need for a new paradigmThe need for a new paradigm

Historically, environmental protection is end-of-pipe oriented.

The problem:- environmental tradeoffs’- general perception that environmental protection is costly- EH+S has always bad news.

Therefore the LCM approach has to be positioned to support this paradigm change: thinking in systems, integrating environmental aspects into core business practice,integration of the triple bottom line thinking in

- product development, - corporate strategies, and - policy development.


Outlook / The way aheadOutlook / The way ahead

Presently the definition study will examine the needs of different user communities for LCM

A series of workshops will, on a global basis, help this user needs assessment, as well as begin to disseminate the advantages for LCM and LC ThinkingJune 2002: LCM Workshop in Johannesburg, RSAAugust 2002: LCM / LCExt Conference in Chicago, USASeptember/October 2002: LCM workshop in Europe (tbd)October 2002: SETAC Latin America LCM Workshop, Brazil

Your input is essential – and welcome!


We need your inputs !We need your inputs !

What are your needs for LCI, LCIA and LCM ?

What could be your contribution ?

Who else should be contacted ?

A great opportunity to enhance quality byinvolving a wider range of competences !

Please contact us now !


UNEP/ SETAC partnership to UNEP/ SETAC partnership to advance the life cycle economy advance the life cycle economy

1: 1: User needs and conditions for successful User needs and conditions for successful application of LCA and life cycle thinkingapplication of LCA and life cycle thinking

2: 2: Interface between LCA and other toolsInterface between LCA and other tools

3: 3: Education activitiesEducation activities

4: 4: Availability of and guidance on sound LCI and Availability of and guidance on sound LCI and LCIA data and methodsLCIA data and methods

strategy to develop methods of life cycle impact ...€¦ · strategy to develop methods of life...

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