stratification, minorities, and discrimination chapter 12 this multimedia product and its contents...

Stratification, Stratification, Minorities,Minorities,

and and DiscriminationDiscrimination

Chapter 12Chapter 12

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Copyright © 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

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Race and EthnicityRace and Ethnicity Physical and cultural variations among Physical and cultural variations among

people worldwidepeople worldwide When group isolated for long periods, it can When group isolated for long periods, it can

develop distinguishing characteristicsdevelop distinguishing characteristics But classifying by race is problematicBut classifying by race is problematic

Race is Race is social construction, social construction, not physical not physical Why differentiate by skin color, but not by hair Why differentiate by skin color, but not by hair

color?color?


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Race and Ethnicity (continued)Race and Ethnicity (continued) Problem: migration led to mixing of Problem: migration led to mixing of ““racesraces””

Old classification systems no longer relevantOld classification systems no longer relevant EthnicityEthnicity is a cultural classification is a cultural classification

Group has common ancestry and heritageGroup has common ancestry and heritage Nationality, language and religion Nationality, language and religion Do not confuse ethnicity and raceDo not confuse ethnicity and race Some racial groups share a culture, but not allSome racial groups share a culture, but not all


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Ethnic or Racial Superiority?Ethnic or Racial Superiority? False to assume any race or ethnic group False to assume any race or ethnic group

is superior to othersis superior to others No convincing scientific evidence No convincing scientific evidence Some evidence of inherited mental and Some evidence of inherited mental and

psychological psychological differencesdifferences between groups between groups SocietySociety’’s leaders determined by many s leaders determined by many

factorsfactors


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Reasons for Ethnic/Racial PrejudiceReasons for Ethnic/Racial Prejudice Influence of traditionInfluence of tradition Psychological need of individuals to Psychological need of individuals to

belong to identifiable groupbelong to identifiable group Builds up ego by cultivating feeling of Builds up ego by cultivating feeling of

superioritysuperiority Prejudice useful as economic and political Prejudice useful as economic and political

weaponweapon


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Minority and Dominant GroupsMinority and Dominant GroupsMinority GroupMinority Group Singled out for Singled out for

unequal negative unequal negative treatmenttreatment

Believe they are Believe they are objects of collective objects of collective discriminationdiscrimination

Dominant GroupDominant Group Singled out for Singled out for

positive treatmentpositive treatment May be a minority of May be a minority of

populationpopulation


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Racial Issues in the United StatesRacial Issues in the United States Native AmericansNative Americans

Often most isolated minority Often most isolated minority group in countrygroup in country

Educationally deprivedEducationally deprived U.S. policy changes U.S. policy changes

IsolationIsolation Forced integrationForced integration AssimilationAssimilation


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Racial Issues in the United States Racial Issues in the United States (continued)(continued) Black AmericansBlack Americans

About 13% of populationAbout 13% of population Many descended from slaves (African origin)Many descended from slaves (African origin)

Status changed with Emancipation Proclamation Status changed with Emancipation Proclamation and 13th Amendmentand 13th Amendment

Legal status changed, but not social statusLegal status changed, but not social status Original cultural heritage lost for mostOriginal cultural heritage lost for most

Unique social and psychological upheavalsUnique social and psychological upheavals Status improving, some discrimination lingersStatus improving, some discrimination lingers


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Legal Discrimination of Legal Discrimination of Black AmericansBlack Americans Legal segregation after Civil WarLegal segregation after Civil War Brown vs. Board of Education Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)(1954)

Reversed Reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson Plessy vs. Ferguson (separate but equal)(separate but equal) De facto segregation still occursDe facto segregation still occurs

Civil Rights Acts (1950s and 1960s)Civil Rights Acts (1950s and 1960s) Some have experienced little social or economic Some have experienced little social or economic

progress since thenprogress since then Change is slow, but apparentChange is slow, but apparent Affirmative action controversialAffirmative action controversial


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HispanicsHispanics Largest minority group in United StatesLargest minority group in United States

Latinos (historical, cultural ties to Latin Latinos (historical, cultural ties to Latin America)America)

Chicanos (historical, cultural ties to Mexico)Chicanos (historical, cultural ties to Mexico) History of immigration, which fuels growthHistory of immigration, which fuels growth Growing in political powerGrowing in political power


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ImmigrantsImmigrants Mexican immigrants among first settlersMexican immigrants among first settlers

Modern immigration influx after 1900Modern immigration influx after 1900 Quotas lead to illegal alien statusQuotas lead to illegal alien status Controversial political issueControversial political issue Rapid population growthRapid population growth

Asian immigration begin in 19th century, Asian immigration begin in 19th century, continues to growcontinues to grow

Many Arab American immigrantsMany Arab American immigrants Most immigrant groups clustered Most immigrant groups clustered

Can increase discrimination against groupCan increase discrimination against group Quotas always changing, tendency to restrictQuotas always changing, tendency to restrict


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Legal Immigrants by Continent, Legal Immigrants by Continent, 1820 to 20081820 to 2008

Maggie Barbieri

Figure needs to be updated


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Religious MinoritiesReligious Minorities Some past evidence of religious Some past evidence of religious

discrimination in United Statesdiscrimination in United States Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism Misplaced Black anger toward JewsMisplaced Black anger toward Jews Anti-Muslim sentimentsAnti-Muslim sentiments

Overall, U.S. has good recordOverall, U.S. has good record


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Sexual MinoritiesSexual Minorities Although majority of population, women Although majority of population, women

still placed in subordinate positionstill placed in subordinate position Most legal discrimination eliminated, but Most legal discrimination eliminated, but

cultural discrimination still existscultural discrimination still exists Limited role in armed forcesLimited role in armed forces PornographyPornography Disproportionate number in governmentDisproportionate number in government Average earnings less for womenAverage earnings less for women Glass ceiling or Glass ceiling or ““pink-collarpink-collar”” jobs jobs


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Sexual Minorities (continued)Sexual Minorities (continued) Discrimination also exists based on sexual Discrimination also exists based on sexual

preference (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and preference (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered)transgendered) Armed forcesArmed forces WorkplaceWorkplace MarriageMarriage

Growing gay rights movementGrowing gay rights movement


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Age DiscriminationAge Discrimination Aging is universal (differs from other Aging is universal (differs from other

discrimination)discrimination) No clear markers for middle or old ageNo clear markers for middle or old age Chronological age often not best measureChronological age often not best measure Technology changing definition of Technology changing definition of ““elderlyelderly””

Challenges as older population increasesChallenges as older population increases Who will provide and pay for care?Who will provide and pay for care? Keep older workers, or make way for younger Keep older workers, or make way for younger

workers?workers? Increasing political clout of elderlyIncreasing political clout of elderly


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Age Distribution of PopulationAge Distribution of Population

Maggie Barbieri

Needs to be updated

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