stratified columnar epithelium. epithelial,connective, muscle and nervous tissues reference: chapter...
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Stratified Columnar Stratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium
Epithelial,Connective,Epithelial,Connective,Muscle and Nervous Muscle and Nervous
TissuesTissuesReference: Chapter 5 in your textbook
Q?? Specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function in the body are called_____________
A: just cells.. They don’t have a specific name.
B: Brain tissue – anything that is organized must be a brain
C: Tissues – it’s right after cells and right before organs in the levels of organization
D: ARE YOU KIDDING ME!? It’s the first week in the semester.
Answer: C. Specialized cells that perform a specific function in the
body are called tissues.
The study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals is called histology.
The tissues in the human body can be categorized into four major types:
Connective
Muscle Nervous
Epithelial
Connective TissuesAre made up of three components:
Specialized cells (such as: macrophages, adipocytes, fibroblasts)
Ground substance (a non-cellular substance that separates cells)
Protein Fibers (such as: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers)
General Characteristics of General Characteristics of Connective TissuesConnective Tissues
Binds structures
Provides support and protection
Fill spaces
Stores fat
Produce blood cells
Protect against infections
Help repair tissue damage
General Functions of General Functions of Connective TissuesConnective Tissues
They divide easily.
Have a large blood supply and are well nourished.
Connected to epithelial cells below the basement membrane.
Some have a fixed number of cells and some are temporary and appear when needed in response to injury or infection.
Connective Tissue Relationships…
Loose Connective Tissue (AKA Aerolar)
Dense Connective Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Connective Tissue Relationships…
Cartilage
Hyaline Elastic
Bone
Fibrocartilage
Connective Tissue Relationships…
LymphBlood
Fibrous Connective TissuesLoose, Adipose and Dense
Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissueLoose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue
What is Loose Connective tissue?forms delicate thin membranes
throughout the body.
Where would you find it?Underneath epithelial cells to nourish
them.
Fills the spaces between
skin and organs or muscles.
Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissueLoose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue
What is it’s function?Binds organs
together
Holds tissue fluids
Protects, insulates and stores fat
What is Adipose tissue?Fat
When cells store fat in droplets within their cytoplasm and enlarge.
Where would you find it?Beneath skin, around kidneys or organs,
on surface of the heart.
Around the eyeballs and certain joints as well as spaces between muscle.
Adipose TissueAdipose TissueWhat is its function?
Cushions joints and some organs
Insulates beneath the skin
Stores energy
When adipose cells become too numerous the crowd the cell and other cells forming fat tissue.
What is Dense Connective tissue?Closely packed thick collagenous fibers
and elastic fibers - Very strong to withstand pulling forces.
Blood supply is poor so tissue repair is poor.
Where would you find it?Ligaments and tendons
The white part of your eye.
Deep skin layers
Dense Connective TissueDense Connective TissueWhat is it’s function?
Binds body parts together through tendons (muscle to bone) or ligaments (bone to bone)
Protects the eye
How many of you have ever torn a ligament or tendon? How long did it take for you to recover from this injury?
Due to the low blood supply, injuries to dense connective tissue take a long time to heal…
STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.
2. Review Fibrous Connective Tissue activity- Foldable.
3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity
Supportive Connective TissueHyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage, and bone
Supportive Connective Tissue Supportive Connective Tissue General CharacteristicsGeneral CharacteristicsFour types:
Hayline CartilageElastic CartilageFibrocartilageBone
Rigid Connective TissueProvides supportProtectsLack a direct blood supply, get minimal blood
by diffusion but not enough- so healing to cartilage is slow.
What is Hyaline Cartilage?
Most common cartilage
Where do you find it?
On the ends of bone, joints, the soft part of the nose, and respiratory passage
What is it’s function?
Helps the growth of bones
Helps to articulate the skeleton at the end of bones
What is Elastic cartilage?
Similar to hayline cartilage, except that it is much more elastic.
Where is it found?
External ears and parts of the larynx
What is its function?
Very elastic and flexible so that it is able to withstand repeated bending
FibrocartilageFibrocartilageWhat is it?A very tough tissueIntermediate between
cartilage and dense connective tissue
Where do you find it?cushions bones in the
knees and between vertebrates in the spinal column.
What is its function?A shock absorber for
structures that are subjected to pressure.
What is Bone Tissue?Rigid and hard tissue
formed by minerals such as Calcium
Two forms: compact and spongycompact- forms shaft of
long bonesspongy – found at the end
of bones, appears open and latticed- provides strength
Where would you find it?The skeletal system
throughout your body!
BoneBoneWhat is the function?
Internally supports the body structure
Contains and produces red blood cells as well as calcium and phosphorus
Heals more rapidly than cartilage
STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.
2. Review Supportive Connective Tissue activity- Foldable.
3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity
Fluid Connective TissuesBlood and Lymph
General Characteristics of Fluid Tissue
Usually found in vessels throughout the body
Transport of nutrients and wastes
Maintains homeostasis in some way – redistributing materials/heat or absorbing dissolved solutes for removal
BloodBloodWhat is Blood Tissue?
Red blood cells,
white blood cells and
platelets that are in a
fluid of plasma.
Where would you find it?Located in blood
vesselsFormed in the red
marrow within the hollow parts of certain long bones
BloodBlood
What is the function?
Transports materials between body cells
Helps maintain stable internal homeostasis.
Lymph TissueWhat is it?
Clear, watery. Sometimes yellowish fluid from tissue fluid
Contains white blood cells
Where is it found?
In lymphatic vessels found around cells and blood vessels
What is its function?
Absorb excess tissue fluid and various dissolves solutes in tissues
Absorb molecules from the small intestine
Transport lymph to particular vessels in the cardiovascular system.
Lymph Tissue
STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.
2. Review Fluid Connective Tissue activity- Foldable.
3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity
Muscle and Nervous Tissue
Q1: Which of the following is not a fibrous connective tissue?
A: hyaline
B: areolar
C: tendons and ligaments
D: adipose
Q2: Name one general characteristic of connective tissue.
Muscle TissuesMuscle TissuesGeneral Characteristics:
They are contractile- the elongated cells can shorten and lengthen.
As the contract, muscle fibers pull at the attached end causing body parts to move.
Three types of muscle tissues:
1. Skeletal Muscle tissue
2. Smooth Muscle tissue
3. Cardiac Muscle tissue
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleWhat is it?
Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)
Lots of nuclei in each cellHas striations
Where is it found? In muscles that
attach bone.
What is its function?whole body movement
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle
What is Smooth Muscle?
Short and spindle shaped cells, with single central nucleus, with No striations
Where is it? The walls of organs (stomach, intestine,
bladder, blood vessels)
What is it’s function?Involuntary actions
What is cardiac muscle? Cells are striated and joined end to end.One nucleiCells separated by intercalated disks
Where do you find it?Only in the heart
What is it’s function? Involuntarily pumps blood through the heart
chambers and into blood vessels.
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.
Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue General Nervous Tissue General characteristicscharacteristics
There is JUST ONE!
Main function is communication between cells and the brain
Can “regenerate” dependent upon the type of injury or disorder present
Nervous TissueNervous TissueWhat is it?
Made up neurons and neuroglia cells
Where is it? The brain, spinal cord and peripheral
nerves.
Nervous TissueNervous TissueWhat is the function?
Transmit nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands.
They communicate with other cells and muscles and tell body functions what to do.
STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.
2. Review Muscle and Nervous Tissue activity- Foldable.
3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity
Epithelial TissuesSimple squamous, simple cubodial, simple columnar,
pseudostratified columanr, transitional, stratified squamous, stratified cubodial,
WarmUP – correct answers get an AP buck!!
Q1: What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Q2: What are the specific characteristics of each of the muscle tissues that distinguish them from each other?
Q3: What are they eight different types of connective tissue? Name one function of each.
General Epithelial Tissues1. They are found throughout the
body: covering organs, forming inner linings of body cavities .
2. They are anchored to Connective Tissues by the basement membrane.
3. They lack blood vessels.
IF they do not have blood vessels how do you think they receive nutrients?
Answer:They receive their nutrients from the
blood vessels of the connective tissue that they are connected to.
General Epithelial Tissues
4. They divide rapidly.
5. They are tightly packed together.
6. They are classified according to their layers of cells.
Simple: composed of a single layer of cells.
Stratified: those with two or more layers of cells.
Squamous: Flattened cells.
Cuboidal: Those with cubed shaped cells.
Columnar: Elongated cells.
TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layersClassified by layers
Simple Squamous Epithelium What is Simple Squamous
Epithelium?
Thin (One layer), flattened cells
Fit tightly together with flat nuclei
Substances pass through easily by diffusion
Where would you find it?
Lines the lungs
Lines the walls of capillaries, blood and lymph vessels.
What is its function?
Helps gases exchange and other chemicals.
Simple Cubodial Epithelium What is Simple Cuboidal
Epithelium?Single layer of cells Cubed shaped cells with a
central nucleus. Where would you find it?
Covers the ovaries. Lines the kidneys and
ducts of certain glands such as: salivary glands, thyroid, pancreas and liver.
What is its function? secretion and absorption
of substances
Simple Columnar Epithelium What is Simple Columnar
Epithelium? Elongated cells (longer than
they are wide) Single layer of cells. Nucleus near the basement
membrane Can have cilia that help in
movement Where would you find it?
Lines the uterus (help move eggs to uterus).
Lines the organs of the digestive tract
What is its function? Thick tissue to protect. Secretes digestive fluids and
absorbs nutrients from digested food.
STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.
2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable.
3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium What is Pseudostratified
Columnar Epithelium? Elongated cells (longer than
they are wide) Appears to have more than
one layer but does not. Nucleus is located at
different ends which gives it the layer look.
Have cilia Where would you find it?
Lines the passage of the respiratory system.
What is its function? Sticky to trap dust and
microorganisms that enter with air.
Goblet cells secrete mucus to help move dust.
Transitional EpitheliumTransitional EpitheliumWhat is Transitional
Epithelium?
Specialized type of epithelium cells that Can be stretched or unstretched (ovals)
Where would you find it?
The liner of the bladder, ureters and urethra.
What is its function?
can change because of increased tension.
help organs expand
STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.
2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable.
3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity
Stratified Columnar Stratified Columnar EpitheliumEpitheliumWhat is Stratified
Columnar Epithelium?Several layers of
columnar cells.
Where would you find it?Male reproductive
organs
What is its function? Allows the organ to
contract and stretch.
Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium What is Stratified Cuboidal
Epithelium?
2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells.
Where would you find it?
Lines the lumen
Lines the glands: mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.
What is its function?
Protects ducts of glands
May let material in or out of the lumen
Stratified Squamous Epithelium What is Stratified Squamous
Epithelium?Lots of layers of the cell. Flattened as cells divide and
push the older ones outward Where would you find it?
Forms the outer layer of the skin (your epidermis)
Soft tissue part forms in the vagina
What is its function? produce keratin- a protective
material that prevents water and other substances from entering or leaving.
Protects and lines the vagina without keratin.
STOP!1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck.
2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable.
3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity
STOP: Tissue PracticeSTOP: Tissue Practice
1. Tissue worksheet practice QUITELY!!
2. Tissue activity walk around. First without notes- see what you remember- second time with notes!
3. Tomorrow- Epithelial tissue microscope lab and practice.
Daily warm up 9/24
1. 2.
4.3.
General Epithelial TissuesHow do you think the characteristics we
just listed relate to what epithelial tissues do?
They divide rapidly- how does that help the body?
Injuries can heal rapidly
to these tissues, skin and
stomach cells are continually
damaged and replaced
quickly.
General Epithelial Tissues
• They are tightly packed- how does this help the cell?
• They form protective barriers in places like the outer skin, and your mouth.
