straw bale gardening at fair oaks horticultural center
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Straw Bale gardening at Fair Oaks Horticultural CenterTRANSCRIPT
From Mulch to your Mouth! Edible Landscaping Concepts and Principles in a Water-Wise Garden
Bill Krycia
Bill Krycia
Formal style: knot garden
Herbs as borders
Lettuce and other vegetables
High maintenance
Whoa!
Let’s slow down a bit and get into the basics…
Edible Landscaping Concepts and Principles in a Water-Wise Garden
• Gardening basics
• Water
• Planning & Selection
• Brief Intermission
• Veggies and Herbs
• Berries and Grapes
• Fruit Trees
• Q&A
Garden Basics
• Sunlight! • Fruiting plants need 6 to 8 hours a day
• More is better for many fruiting plants
• Vegetative plants can get by with less • But not much… • Possible increase in disease with low light • “leggy” growth
• Prevent sunburn! • Shade cloth • Trunk paint
• Shade patterns
Garden Basics
• Sunlight! • South facing
• Walls as heat sinks • Keep some space for maintenance
• Set taller plants on north side
• Planting trees on north side close to house sub optimal
• Optimal planting direction • Rows running north-south
• Low profile, doesn’t matter so much
Garden Basics
• Soil
• Working with existing plantings, compost helps, as does mulching
• Don’t necessarily want to create “pockets” of amended soil.
• Will your plan disrupt existing root systems?
• You don’t have the option of turning over larger areas
Garden Basics
• Fertilization
• Similar needs
• Compost
• Containers have different needs
• Over fertilization results in lush growth, and just maybe few or no fruit
Garden Basics
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Recognition
• Evaluation
• Control
• Cultural practice, resistance
• Natural control
• Non-toxic or least toxic
Other thoughts
• Frost protection
• Security
• Post harvest storage
• Vector control
• Soil compaction
Water
• Drainage
• Good drainage = happy plants
• Evaluate drainage
• Poor drainage
• Rip down
• Build up
• Raised bed
• Containers
Water
• Plant Needs
• Plant itself
• New or established
• Time in life cycle
• Other factors
• Weather
• Soil characteristics
Water
• Hydro zoning
• Concept of grouping plants by common water need
Water
• Irrigation
• Multiple systems
• Drip
• Micro spray
Water
• Mulching
• Critical, low cost water conservation
• Mulching and drip can save 50% water use
• Natural materials
• Break down, provide nutrients, organic material
• Create environment for good fungi, inhibit bad fungi (phytophthora)
• Help to maintain even soil moisture
Planning and Selection
• Water Wise Landscape Design Steps
• http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/411.html
Food Can Be Grown in Any Garden
Interplant edibles with your ornamentals
Planning and Selection
• Evaluate existing landscape and resource$
• Softscape
• Hardscape
• Keep a garden journal
• Sun patterns
• Pests
• Drainage
• Other issues, preferences
Planning and Selection
• What do you want?
• Bananas?
• Edible groundcover?
• Alpine strawberries?
• Resist the temptation to fill every square inch.
• Things will grow!
Planning and Selection
• List what you want
• Think about the use of the entire space throughout the year.
• Think color
• Think texture
• Think layering (scale)
• Think flavor!
Planning
• Hydrozone Bubble Drawings
Planning
• Areas of routine irrigation – watered every 2 to 4 days.
• Areas of reduced irrigation – watered every 4 to 14 days.
• Areas of limited irrigation – watered during dry spells once plants are established.
• Nonirrigated areas
From: Water Wise Landscape Design Steps, Colorado State University Extension
Figure 17. Examples of styles for a backyard with patio (gray) flower beds (pink) and vegetable garden (yellow). Left: Rectilinear design, Center: Curvilinear design, Right: Angular design.
Photo: Rosalind Creasy
Best of both worlds: edible
and ornamental
Inter-planting reduces pests
New textures, forms, colors
Grow what you like best
Fun for everyone
Great conversation piece
Choosing Varieties That Best Suit your Needs
Some plants have varieties/cultivars that are better suited in your landscape Drought tolerance
Salt tolerance
Disease resistance
Pest resistance
Striking or more profound colors
Dwarfing or “bush” type
Planting Your Edible Landscape
Warm season crops grow best when average daytime temperatures are between 65-950F
Cool season crops grow best when average daytime temperatures are between 55-750F
Some cool season crops must be planted during the end of the warm season to allow for adequate growth before cooler weather; or in the case of seeds to allow for germination.
Planting Your Edible Landscape
Plants can be direct seeded, transplants, or self seeding
Use direct seeding for large seeded plants: corn, melons, squash, beans and peas; and for root crops: carrots, radish, beets, turnips, and parsnips
Use transplants for crops that you want to get an early start by growing them in the house, a cold frame or greenhouse
Sacramento Vegetable Planting Schedule (EHN 11)
From Mulch to your Mouth!
• Brief Intermission
Incorporating Vegetables into your Landscape…
Make a list of edibles you like and that grow well in your climate
Identify the cultural needs of each Sun vs. shade Soil pH Water requirements Nutrient requirements http://ucanr.edu/sites/gardenweb/Vegetables/ http://ucanr.org/freepubs/docs/8059.pdf
Incorporating Vegetables into your Landscape…
Realize that some plants may not be compatible with certain areas or existing plants
Be aware of overall form Size, shape, color, flowers, fruit
Identify any pests/diseases that are common
Vegetable crops perform best when well irrigated and receive at least 6-8 hours of sunlight
Vegetables can be used as Ground covers
Annual low border bedding plants
Visual screens
Trellis vines
Hanging baskets/containers
Vegetables
Squash
Photo: Rosalind Creasy
Many Edibles are Attractive Plants
Artichoke
Kale
Lettuce
Mustard
Rhubarb
Broccoli and cauliflower
Beets and chard
Jerusalem artichoke
Peppers
Beans and peas
Eggplant
Tomatoes
Artichoke
Perennial, some thorny, possibly marginal in Sacramento
Kale
\
Cool season, several varieties, does well. Remember crop rotation!
Lettuce
Cool season!
Mustard
Photo by Nancy J. Ondra
Rhubarb
Photo: Rosalind Creasy
Several varieties, some with more colorful stalks, remember, the leaves are toxic, only use the stalks
Broccoli and Cauliflower
Cool Season
Beets
Eggplant
Beets
Chard
Peas
Remember, plants will need support!
Photo: Renee Studebaker
Peppers
Squash Blossoms
Beans
Tomato
Straw Bale gardening at Fair Oaks Horticultural Center
Container veggies at Fair Oaks Horticultural Center
Thoughts on Veggies
• Seasonality
• Staggered planting
• Crop rotation
• Weeding
• Thinning
Planting calendar
From: Year ‘round gardening by Dr. Norris
See also: http://ucanr.org/sites/sacmg/files/77734.pdf
Herbs
• Color
• Variegated
• Pesto perpetuo basil
• Variegated sage
• Access
Basil
Basil
Lemongrass
Leaves are exceptionally sharp! Grows well in container also
Rosemary
Upright varieties, Tuscan Blue Prostrate (creeping) varieties also
Herbs in Containers
Food Can Be Grown in Any Garden
Interplant edibles with your ornamentals
+
Alpine strawberry Angelica Anise hyssop Artichoke Arugula (perennial) Asparagus Basil Beet Borage Broccoli Cabbage Cantaloupe Celery Chard Chives Collards Corn
Cucumber (bush or trellis) Edible flowers Eggplant Endive Kale Lavender Lemongrass Lettuce Lovage Marjoram Mitsuba Mizuna Nasturtium Okra Orach Oregano
Parsley Pea Peanut Pepper Poppy (breadseed) Rhubarb Rosemary Safflower Sage Scented geranium Sea kale Shallot Squash (summer) Tarragon Tomato (determinate)
Edible Herbaceous (Non-Woody) Borders
+
Alpine strawberry
Chamomile
Cucumber
Mint (creeping)
Peanut (temporary cover)
Rosemary (trailing)
Sweet potato (temporary)
Sweet woodruff
Thyme
Wintergreen
© Rosalind Creasy
Edible Ground Covers
Thyme
© Rosalind Creasy
Edible Herbaceous (Non-Woody) Borders
+
Anise hyssop Apple Arugula Basil Bee Balm Borage Broccoli Calendula Chamomile Chervil Chicory Chives Chrysanthemum Citrus
Okra Passion flower Pineapple guava Redbud Rose Rosemary Sage Scented geranium Squash Sunflower Sweet woodruff Thyme Tulip Violet
Edible Flowers
Daylily
Dianthus
Dill
Elderberry
Hibiscus
Hollyhock
Johnny-jump-up
Lavender
Lemon verbena
Lilac
Marigold
Mint
Nasturtium
Borage
Calendula
Lavender
Nasturtium
Viola, Pansy, Johnny-jump-up, Violet
Chives
Berries and Grapes
• Strawberries
• Cane Berries
• Blueberries
• Grapes
Strawberries
• http://ucanr.org/sites/gardenweb/Berries/Strawberries/
• Need to be a bit more aware of slugs/snails in edible landscape
• Plant so readily accessible
• Think everbearers, or day neutral varieties
Alpine Strawberry
They are invasive!
Cane Berries (Blackberries and Raspberries)
• http://ucanr.org/sites/sacmg/files/11712
8.pdf
• Cane berries will need support • Trellis
• Pruning • Primocanes
• Floricanes
• There are thornless varieties
Blueberries
• http://ucanr.org/sites/sacmg/files/13806
9.pdf
• Select variety for the area
• Soil pH needs to be amended to make it more acidic
• Better fruit set with multiple varieties
• Bird protection
Blueberries in Containers
http://ucanr.org/sites/gardenweb/Berries/Blueberries/
Grapes
• Requirements
• Adapted to a wide range of soil types
• Sun
• 6 to 8 hours a day
• Irrigation
• Drainage
• Support!
• Care
Low-Maintenance Fruit Species
• Cane berries & blueberries
• Citrus (for now)
• Figs
• Jujubes
Persimmons
Plums & pluots
Pomegranates
Grapes
• Care
• Staking/trellising
• Irrigation
• Fertilizing
• Pruning/training
• Suckering
• Leaf thinning
• Cluster thinning/tipping
• IPM/Spraying/Bird control
Grapes
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Powdery mildew control
• Bunch rot
• Grape leaf hoppers
Grapes
• Selection
• Most grapes are vigorous growers!
• Most table grapes on own rootstock, most wine grapes on grafted rootstock
• Taste
• Seedless or not?
• Ripening time
• Varieties from mid-July through October
Grapes
• Use
• Arbors
• Trellised along a fence or structure
• Specimen planting
• California head pruned
• Containers
From P Allen Smith online
Edible Landscaping, Grapes!
• Arbors
• Acceptable for either spur or cane pruning
• Should be very durable!
• Consider access for pruning, spraying, etc
http://ucanr.edu/sites/gardenweb/Growing_Grapes_in_the_California_Garden/
Edible Landscaping, Grapes!
• Trellised
• Support the plant
• Durable
• Access
Fruit Trees
• 6-8 hours of sun, or more
• Space!
• Space for the canopy
• We can manage that
• Space for roots
• Tougher to manage
Fruit Trees
• Canopy management
• Pruning
• Dormant season, winter pruning
• Summer pruning
• “Backyard Orchard” concept
• Espalier
Fruit Trees
• Root management
• Selecting a rootstock
• Dwarfing
• 8 to 12’
• Semi-dwarfing
• 12 to 18’
• Standard
• 18 to 25’
• Still have to winter prune
Fruit Trees
• Backyard orchard
• Manage canopy by summer pruning
• Minor pruning during winter
• Other concepts
• Shortened planting distances, hedges
• Multiple plantings
• IPM
• Many fruit trees will require some management
Citrus
Fruit Trees
• Backyard Orchard
• http://ucanr.edu/sites/sacmg/Fruit_and_nuts/
Seedless Kishu Mandarin in Container at FOHC
Espaliered Pomegranate at FOHC
• Sac MG Edible Landscaping:
• http://ucanr.edu/sites/sacmg/Edible_Landscaping/
Credits & Acknowledgements
• Gail Pothour
• Sacramento County Master Gardeners
• UCANR Cooperative Extension
Questions/Discussion