Stream Monitoring Toolbox

Begin here

This tool is designed to help watershed councils, concerned citizen groups, students and instructors within the Lower Grand River watershed, make decisions about monitoring their stream.

This tool will lead you step by step through a decision-making process by following these instructions:

For each slide, select the best option by clicking your mouse on the arrow beside your choice.

At any point, you can return to the previously viewed slide by using the arrow in the top left corner of each slide. However, the system will not allow you to return to a succession of previously viewed slides, only to the previous slide viewed.

At any point, you can return to the beginning of the decision-making process by using the ‘return to start’ arrow at the top right corner of each slide.

At various points, there are highlighted terms with which you may be unfamiliar. By clicking your mouse on the term, you can read an explanation of each term.

If you have questions or comments, contact

West Michigan Environmental Action Council: info@wmeac.org

Not sure

Why do you want to monitor your

stream?

To protect or restore conditions

A problem has been observed, is suspected, or stream is not supporting its

designated use

previous slide

back to start

Has a problem been documented?

Yes No

What is the nature of the documented problem?

1. Nutrients (eg. phosphorus or excess algae)

2. Pathogens/Bacteria

3. Sedimentation

4. Dissolved Oxygen

5. Temperature

6. Odor

7. Water Clarity

8. Flow

9. Macroinvertebrates

10. Toxics

Conduct a baseline screening assessment

11. Fisheries

previous slide

back to start

Is there currently a TMDL regulation for Phosphorus/Nutrients in your stream?

Yes No

There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) for nutrients/phosphorus in this

stream.

There is not a TMDL regulation for nutrients/phosphorus in

this stream.

Not sure

previous slide

back to start

Phosphorus/Nutrients

Is there currently a TMDL regulation for Pathogens/Bacteria in your stream?

Yes No

There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) for

bacteria in this stream.

There is not a TMDL regulation for pathogens/bacteria in this

stream.

Not sure

previous slide

back to start

Pathogens/Bacteria

Is there currently a TMDL set for this stream to address the impact of Sedimentation?

Yes No

There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) addressing the impact of excess sediment in this

stream.

There is not a TMDL regulation in place that addresses the

impact of excess sediment in this stream.

Not sure

previous slide

back to start

Sedimentation

Is Dissolved Oxygen currently regulated by a TMDL in your stream?

Yes No

There is not a TMDL regulation in place that addresses

dissolved oxygen in this stream.

Not sure

previous slide

back to start

Dissolved Oxygen

There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved)

addressing dissolved oxygen in this stream.

Yes No

There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved)

addressing temperature in this stream.

There is not a TMDL regulation in place that addresses the

impact of temperature in this stream.

Not sure

Is Temperature currently regulated with a TMDL in your stream?

Temperature

previous slide

back to start

Is this stream currently regulated by a TMDL on the basis of unacceptable stream Flow?

Yes No

There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) addressing flow for this

stream.

There is not a TMDL regulation in place addressing flow in this

stream.

Not sure

Flow

previous slide

back to start

Is this stream regulated by a TMDL on the basis of a poor Macroinvertebrate community?

Yes No

Not sure

Macroinvertebrates

There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved)

addressing the macroinvertebrate community

in this stream.

There is not a TMDL regulation in place addressing

macroinvertebrates in this stream.

previous slide

back to start

Is this stream regulated by a TMDL for toxic contamination?

Yes No

Not sure

Toxics

There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved)

addressing toxic contamination in this stream.

There is not a TMDL regulation in place addressing toxic

contamination in this stream.

previous slide

back to start

Consult the Watershed Assessment Matrix (WAM) of the

Lower Grand River Watershed Management Plan. Identify your stream in the “Major Watershed” or “Subwatershed” column to find

pertinent TMDL information.

previous slide

back to start

Conduct an assessment. Consider measuring the following parameters:

1. Phosphorus

2. Bacteria/pathogens

3. Sediment/Substrate

4. Dissolved Oxygen

5. Temperature

6. Habitat

7. Flow

8. Macroinvertebrates

previous slide

back to start

Conduct an assessment. Consider measuring the following parameters:

1. Phosphorus

2. Bacteria

3. Dissolved Oxygen

Odor

previous slide

back to start

Are changes in Water Clarity most notable after storm events?

Water Clarity

previous slide

back to start

Yes No

Determine storm-related source of input

Determine source of input un-related to storm event

Complete Habitat Assessment using Michigan Clean Water Corps Procedure (MiCorps)

Habitat

previous slide

back to start

MiCorps Habitat Assessment Procedure

Habitat Assessment Data Sheet

Search for existing data on MDNRE Surface Water

Information Management System

previous slide

back to start

What is the nature of the suspected/observed problem?

1. Changes in algal growth

2. Sedimentation

3. Odor

4. Change in water clarity

5. Change in temperature regime

6. Change in flow pattern

7. Change in fisheries

previous slide

back to start

Contact your regional MDNRE Fisheries Biologist

previous slide

back to start

Contact your District MDNRE representative to discuss TMDL regulations

or sampling strategy.

previous slide

back to start

Choose one of the following:

Contact the local municipality for information regarding relevant NPDES

permits and TMDL regulations.

Contact a representative from the Lower Grand River Organization of Watersheds

with questions or to discuss other matters.

Contact your District MDNRE biologist to discuss current conditions and existing

data.

It is not recommended that volunteers attempt to sample waters that are impacted

with toxic contamination. Contact your District MDNRE representative to discuss.

previous slide

back to start

A watershed-scale spatial assessment will allow you to

determine how conditions vary throughout the watershed. This may be helpful in determining the source

of problem areas by comparing locations of extreme conditions, or

detecting spatial patterns.

previous slide

back to start

A temporal trend assessment will allow you to determine how

conditions vary over time (eg. from year to year). This may be helpful in determining whether conditions are worsening or improving, or whether there are new impacts or loadings

being introduced to the stream.

previous slide

back to start

What is the scope of your monitoring objective?

Watershed-scale spatial assessment.

BMP Effectiveness.

Temporal trend assessment.

Education.

Stream segment assessment.

Problem identification.

?

?

Phosphorus

?

?

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Phosphorus Monitoring

Methods Site SelectionSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA 365.2 or equivalent).

Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources.

Sample at downstream

ends of major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sample during dry weather

only; at least 8-10 samples per

year

Concentrations > 0.03 mg/L indicate a problem

Chemical analyses need to be done in a

laboratory. Phosphorus test

kits are not recommended

for surface waters; their

detection limits are too high.

Volunteers can fill sample bottles and

have a certified laboratory do the analyses.

If the Total P is mostly Dissolved

P, P sources could include

synthetic fertilizers or septic; if not, sources could include eroded

soil or other runoff.

Phosphorus

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment-scale Phosphorus Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA 365.2 or equivalent).

Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources.

Sample upstream & downstream from problem

areas and suspected

problem sites.

During dry weather; take at least 8-10 grab

samples per year (taken at same location each

time). During wet

weather, sample multiple storms throughout the year, collecting

multiple samples across the

hydrograph. A rain gage and

automated samplers are

recommended.

Concentrations > 0.03 mg/L indicate a problem.

Chemical analyses need to be done in

a laboratory. Phosphorus test

kits are not recommended for surface waters; their detection

limits are too high. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and

have a certified laboratory

do the analyses.

If the Total P is mostly Dissolved

P, P sources could include

synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not,

sources could include eroded

soil or other runoff.

Phosphorus

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Temporal Trend Phosphorus Monitoring

Methods Site SelectionSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA 365.2 or equivalent).

Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources.

Site selection is watershed

specific; sample at potential

problem sites, or sites where changes are

expected over time.

Temporal change over

time.

Chemical analyses need to be done in

a laboratory. Phosphorus test

kits are not recommended for surface waters; their detection

limits are too high. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and

have a certified laboratory

do the analyses.

If the Total P is mostly Dissolved

P, P sources could include

synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not,

sources could include eroded

soil or other runoff.

Phosphorus

previous slide

back to start

During dry weather; take at least 8-10 grab

samples per year (taken at same location each

time). During wet

weather, sample multiple storms throughout the year, collecting

multiple samples across the

hydrograph. A rain gage and

automated samplers are

recommended.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Phosphorus to determine BMP Effectiveness

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA 365.2 or equivalent).

Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources.

Sample upstream & downstream

from BMP sites; pre & post BMP.

Paired watersheds if

possible.

Monitor temporal

change over time.

Chemical analyses need to be done in

a laboratory. Phosphorus test

kits are not recommended for surface waters; their detection

limits are too high. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and

have a certified laboratory

do the analyses.

If the Total P is mostly Dissolved

P, P sources could include

synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not,

sources could include eroded

soil or other runoff.

Phosphorus

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

During dry weather; take at least 8-10 grab

samples per year (taken at same location each

time). During wet

weather, sample multiple storms throughout the year, collecting

multiple samples across the

hydrograph. A rain gage and

automated samplers are

recommended.

Sampling Strategy for Phosphorus Monitoring for Educational Purposes

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Phosphate test kits adequate for demonstration to primary & secondary students; standard lab analyses for environmental science students (where detection limit = 0.01 mg/L, EPA 365.2 or equivalent).

Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P.

Site selection is dependent on

location convenience or study objective. Safety issues

need to be primary

consideration.

As school schedule permits.

Concentrations > 0.03 mg/L indicate a problem

n/a If the Total P is mostly Dissolved

P, P sources could include

synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not,

sources could include eroded

soil or other runoff.

Phosphorus

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Identifying Problems associated with Algal Growth and/or Possible Phosphorus Loadings

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA 365.2 or equivalent). Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources.

Sample upstream & downstream from problem

areas and suspected

problem sites.

Note varying P concentrations

between problem areas and changes

associated with wet weather

sampling.

Chemical analyses need to be done in a

laboratory. Phosphorus test

kits are not recommended

for surface waters; their

detection limits are too high.

Volunteers can fill sample bottles and

have a certified laboratory do the analyses.

If the Total P is mostly Dissolved

P, P sources could include

synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not,

sources could include eroded

soil or other runoff.

Phosphorus

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

During dry weather; take at least 8-10 grab

samples per year (taken at same location each

time). During wet

weather, sample multiple storms throughout the year, collecting

multiple samples across the

hydrograph. A rain gage and

automated samplers are

recommended.

See Appendix A.

Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time.

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring

1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision-makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecontainers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples shouldnot be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analysesshould be completed within 8 h after collection of thesamples.

2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source.

3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.

Sample at downstream

ends of major tributaries & suspected

problem areas (septics,

agricultural sites, CSOs,

etc.).

Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16

weeks.

Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have them

analyzed by a certified laboratory

.

Pathogens/Bacteria

previous slide

back to start

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Site Selection

Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water.

See Appendix A.

Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time.

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment Assessment of Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring

Site selection is stream specific; take water samples upstream and downstream from potential problem sites (eg. septics, agricultural sites, CAFOs, CSOs, etc.)., or sites where changes are expected over time.

Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16

weeks.

Volunteers can fill sample

bottles and have them

analyzed by a certified laboratory

.

Pathogens/Bacteria

previous slide

back to start

1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision-makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecontainers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples shouldnot be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analysesshould be completed within 8 h after collection of thesamples.

2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source.

3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Site Selection

Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water.

Sampling Strategy for Temporal Trend Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring

Sample from May 1 – Oct.

31; prefereably

weekly for 16 weeks.

Volunteers can fill sample

bottles and have them

analyzed by a certified laboratory

.

Pathogens/Bacteria

Site selection is watershed specific.Consider taking water samples upstream and downstream of:

1) Potential problems sources (eg. septics, ag, CAFOs, CSOs, etc.),

2) Major tributaries,

3) Sites where changes are expected over time.

previous slide

back to start

1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision-makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecontainers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples shouldnot be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analysesshould be completed within 8 h after collection of thesamples.

2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source.

3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Site Selection

Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water.

See Appendix A.

Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Pathogens/Bacteria to determine BMP Effectiveness

Take samples:

1) Upstream & downstream of BMP sites, and

2) Pre & post BMP.

3) Sample paired watersheds if possible.

Pathogens/Bacteria

previous slide

back to start

1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision-makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecontainers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples shouldnot be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analysesshould be completed within 8 h after collection of thesamples.

2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source.

3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Site Selection

Volunteers can fill sample

bottles and have them

analyzed by a certified laboratory

.

Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water.

See Appendix A.

Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time.

Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16

weeks.

See Appendix A.

Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time.

Sampling Strategy for Educational Assessment of Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Site selection is specific to educational objectives.

Consider taking water samples upstream and downstream of potential problem sources (eg. septics, ag, CAFOs, CSOs, etc.).

Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16

weeks.

Volunteers can fill sample

bottles and have them

analyzed by a certified laboratory

.

Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water.

Pathogens/Bacteria

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision-makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecontainers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples shouldnot be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analysesshould be completed within 8 h after collection of thesamples.

2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source.

3) Can use test kits (eg. Coliscan EasyGel, 3M Petrifil, IDEXX Colisure) for demonstration purposes. Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.

Sampling Strategy for Problem Identification of Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring

Site selection is watershed specific. Take water samples upstream and downstream from potential problem sources (eg. septics, ag, CAFOs, CSOs, etc.).

Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16

weeks.

See Appendix A.

Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have them

analyzed by a certified laboratory

.

Pathogens/Bacteria

previous slide

back to start

1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision-makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecontainers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples shouldnot be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analysesshould be completed within 8 h after collection of thesamples.

2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source.

3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.

Sampling Frequency

Data Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Site Selection

Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water.

Methods

What is your monitoring objective?

Watershed-scale spatial assessment.

BMP Effectiveness.

Temporal trend assessment.

Education.

Stream segment assessment.

Problem identification.

?

?

Pathogens/Bacteria

previous slide

back to start

?

?

Is dissolved oxygen currently regulated in your stream?

Yes No

It is regulated by NPDES program.It is not regulated by NPDES

program.

Not sure

Dissolved Oxygen

previous slide

back to start

What is your monitoring objective?

Watershed-scale spatial assessment.

BMP Effectiveness.

Temporal trend assessment.

Education.

Stream segment assessment.

Problem identification.

?

?

Dissolved Oxygen

previous slide

back to start

?

?

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen at a Watershed-scale

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte,

etc).

Other options include using a

hand-held electronic meter

or a continuous sampling device (sonde)

.

Sample at downstream

ends of major tributaries & suspected

problem areas (septics,

agricultural sites, CSOs,

etc.).

Sample continuously for 1 month in mid-summer, or take grab samples at

dawn, 3 days/week for a

month.

Warm water streams =

minimum of 5 mg/L; cold

water streams = minimum of 7

mg/L.

With training, volunteers can

reliably use hand-held

meters or test kits, though they

may need assistance with calibrating the

meters.

Dissolved Oxygen

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen at a Stream Segment Scale

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sample upstream and downstream of

major tributaries & suspected

problem areas (septics,

agricultural sites, CSOs,

etc.).

Sample continuously for 1 month in mid-summer, or take grab samples at

dawn, 3 days/week for a

month.

Warm water streams =

minimum of 5 mg/L; cold

water streams = minimum of 7

mg/L.

With training, volunteers can

reliably use hand-held

meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.),

though they may need

assistance with calibrating the

meters.

Dissolved Oxygen

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte,

etc).

Other options include using a

hand-held electronic meter

or a continuous sampling device (sonde)

.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temporal Trends inDissolved Oxygen Concentrations

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Site selection is watershed

specific. Sample upstream and downstream of

potential problem sites

ag, CSOs, septics), or sites where changes are expected

over time.

Sample continuously for 1 month in mid-summer, or take grab samples at

dawn, 3 days/week for a

month.

Warm water streams =

minimum of 5 mg/L; cold

water streams = minimum of 7

mg/L.

Dissolved Oxygen

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte,

etc).

Other options include using a

hand-held electronic meter

or a continuous sampling device (sonde)

.

With training, volunteers can

reliably use hand-held

meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.),

though they may need

assistance with calibrating the

meters.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen to determine BMP Effectiveness

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sample upstream &

downstream, and pre & post

BMP. Use paired

watersheds if possible.

Sample continuously for 1 month in mid-

summer, or grab samples at

dawn, 3 days/week for a

month.

Warm water streams =

minimum of 5 mg/L; cold

water streams = minimum of 7

mg/L.

Dissolved Oxygen

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte,

etc).

Other options include using a

hand-held electronic meter

or a continuous sampling device (sonde)

.

With training, volunteers can

reliably use hand-held

meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.),

though they may need

assistance with calibrating the

meters.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen for Educational Purposes

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sample upstream &

downstream of tributaries and

potential problem sources

(agricultural sites, CSOs,

septics); or sites where changes are expected

over time.

Sampling frequency is educational

objective specific;

consider taking grab samples,

best collected at dawn.

Warm water streams =

minimum of 5 mg/L; cold

water streams = minimum of 7

mg/L.

Dissolved Oxygen

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte,

etc).

Other options include using a

hand-held electronic meter

or a continuous sampling device (sonde)

.

With training, volunteers can

reliably use hand-held

meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.),

though they may need

assistance with calibrating the

meters.

Sampling Strategy for Identifying Problems with Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sample upstream &

downstream of tributaries and

potential problem sources (septics,

agricultural sites, CSOs,

etc.).

Sample continuously for 1 month in mid-summer, or take grab samples at

dawn, 3 days/week for a

month

Warm water streams =

minimum of 5 mg/L; cold

water streams = minimum of 7

mg/L.

Dissolved Oxygen

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte,

etc).

Other options include using a

hand-held electronic meter

or a continuous sampling device (sonde)

.

With training, volunteers can

reliably use hand-held

meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.),

though they may need

assistance with calibrating the

meters.

What is your monitoring objective?

Watershed-scale spatial assessment.

BMP Effectiveness.

Temporal trend assessment.

Education.

Stream segment assessment.

Problem identification.

?

?

Temperature

previous slide

back to start

?

?

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Temperature Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes

in stream temperature

pattern.

Sites should be chosen within

streams of potential

interest (eg. urbanizing

watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams).

Record temperatures

with continuously

recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid-

summer.

See Appendix B.

Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously

recording temperature

sensor. “Spot measurements”

with a thermometer can also be

informative, but are best used to

identify locations for installing a

temperature sensor.

Temperature

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temperature at a Stream Segment Scale

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sites should be chosen within

streams of potential

interest (eg. urbanizing

watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams).

See Appendix B.

Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously

recording temperature

sensor. “Spot measurements”

with a thermometer can also be

informative, but are best used to

identify locations for installing a

temperature sensor.

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes

in stream temperature

pattern.

Temperature

Record temperatures

with continuously

recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid-

summer.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temporal Trends inTemperature

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Maintain same sites across time. Sites should be

chosen within streams of potential

interest (eg. urbanizing

watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams).

See Appendix B.

Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously

recording temperature

sensor. “Spot measurements”

with a thermometer can also be

informative, but are best used to

identify locations for installing a

temperature sensor.

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes

in stream temperature

pattern.

Temperature

Record temperatures

with continuously

recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid-

summer.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temperature to determine BMP Effectiveness

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Select sites upstream and downstream from and pre

and post BMP. Sites should be chosen within

streams of potential

interest (eg. urbanizing

watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams).

See Appendix B.

Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously

recording temperature

sensor. “Spot measurements”

with a thermometer can also be

informative, but are best used to

identify locations for installing a

temperature sensor.

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes

in stream temperature

pattern.

Temperature

Record temperatures

with continuously

recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid-

summer.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temperature for Educational Purposes

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Maintain same sites across time. Sites should be

chosen within streams of potential

interest (eg. urbanizing

watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams).

See Appendix B.

Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously

recording temperature

sensor. “Spot measurements”

with a thermometer can also be

informative, but are best used to

identify locations for installing a

temperature sensor.

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes

in stream temperature

pattern.

(If a thermometer is used, record data in the afternoon if possible.)

Temperature

Record temperatures

with continuously

recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid-

summer.

Sampling Strategy for Identifying Problems with Temperature Concentrations

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sites should be chosen within

streams of potential

interest (eg. urbanizing

watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams).

Place sensors upstream and downstream

from potential zones of runoff

input.

See Appendix B.

Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously

recording temperature

sensor. “Spot measurements”

with a thermometer can also be

informative, but are best used to

identify locations for installing a

temperature sensor.

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes

in stream temperature

pattern.

Temperature

Record temperatures

with continuously

recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid-

summer.

What is your monitoring objective?

Watershed-scale spatial assessment.

BMP Effectiveness.

Temporal trend assessment.

Education.

Stream segment assessment.

Problem identification.

?

?

Macroinvertebrates

previous slide

back to start

?

?

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Macroinvertebrate Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Follow GLEAS 51

procedure for sampling

macroinverte-brates.

Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats.

Sample at downstream

ends of major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or

fall.

Calculate scores as per protocol 51,

plus track total number of taxa,

and of EPT taxa.

Volunteers can typically use Order-level identifications

and a simple scoring system.

Training is offered by MiCorps .

Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family-

level identifications, though only experts

can do the IDs.

Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of

sampling all available habitats.

Macroinvertebrates

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment-scale Macroinvertebrate Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Macroinvertebrates

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow GLEAS 51

procedure for sampling

macroinverte-brates.

Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats.

Sample at downstream

ends of major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or

fall.

Calculate scores as per protocol 51,

plus track total number of taxa,

and of EPT taxa.

Volunteers can typically use Order-level identifications

and a simple scoring system.

Training is offered by MiCorps .

Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family-

level identifications, though only experts

can do the IDs.

Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of

sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Temporal Trend Macroinvertebrate Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Macroinvertebrates

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow GLEAS 51

procedure for sampling

macroinverte-brates.

Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats.

Sample at downstream

ends of major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or

fall.

Calculate scores as per protocol 51,

plus track total number of taxa,

and of EPT taxa.

Compare results over

time

Volunteers can typically use Order-level identifications

and a simple scoring system.

Training is offered by MiCorps .

Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family-

level identifications, though only experts

can do the IDs.

Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of

sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Macroinvertebrates to determine BMP Effectiveness

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Macroinvertebrates

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow GLEAS 51

procedure for sampling

macroinverte-brates.

Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats.

Sample upstream and downstream

from BMP sites. Monitor sites over time.

Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or

fall.

Calculate scores as per protocol 51,

plus track total number of taxa,

and of EPT taxa.

Compare results between sites and over

time.

Volunteers can typically use Order-level identifications

and a simple scoring system.

Training is offered by MiCorps .

Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family-

level identifications, though only experts

can do the IDs.

Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of

sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Macroinvertebrates for Educational Purposes

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Macroinvertebrates

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow GLEAS 51

procedure for sampling

macroinverte-brates.

Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats.

Sample at downstream

ends of major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sample once or twice annually as schedules allow; spring and/or fall.

Calculate scores as per protocol 51,

plus track total number of taxa,

and of EPT taxa.

Volunteers can typically use Order-level identifications

and a simple scoring system.

Training is offered by MiCorps .

Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family-

level identifications, though only experts

can do the IDs.

Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of

sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Macroinvertebrates to Identify Problem Areas

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Macroinvertebrates

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Follow GLEAS 51

procedure for sampling

macroinverte-brates.

Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats.

Sample at downstream

ends of major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or

fall.

Calculate scores as per protocol 51,

plus track total number of taxa,

and of EPT taxa.

Volunteers can typically use Order-level identifications

and a simple scoring system.

Training is offered by MiCorps .

Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family-

level identifications, though only experts

can do the IDs.

Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of

sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Determining Source of Water Clarity Problems associated with Storm Events

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Walk the stream corridor to

identify points of change in water

clarity.

If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of

problems, consider the

BEHI assessment.

BEHI Methodology:

Concentrate on sites upstream

and downstream from major

tributaries and potential problem

sources (eg. agricultural operations,

storm drains, construction

sites).

Monitor before and after a major rain

event.

Relate changes between sites and between observations

before and after rain events.

Can be conducted by

either professionals or

volunteers

In addition to visual

observations, quantitative data can be generated

by collecting suspended sediment

concentration (SSC) or total

suspended solids (TSS) samples, or

using a turbidity tube.

Water Clarity

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Determining Source of Water Clarity Problems not associated with Storm Events

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Walk the stream corridor to

identify points of change in water

clarity.

If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of

problems, consider the

BEHI assessment.

BEHI Methodology:

Concentrate on sites upstream

and downstream from major

tributaries and potential problem

sources (eg. agricultural operations,

storm drains, construction

sites).

Sample once or twice a month during summer season or when

water clarity changes are

observed.

Relate changes between sites and between observations.

Can be conducted by

either professionals or

volunteers

Water Clarity

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

A TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) is the maximum amount of a pollutant that a water body can receive and still safely meet water quality standards.

Michigan has developed

water quality standards in response to The Clean Water Act. Waters that do

not meet these water quality standards are considered “impaired” and the State develops a restoration plan for these waters in the form of

TMDL’s.

previous slide

back to start

A stream segment is a limited stretch of stream within the entire stream or river system. An assessment that is

limited to just a stream segment might be preferable when an environmental

problem seems to be localized, for educational purposes, to establish

baseline conditions in order to detect problems in the future, or when trying to assess the effectiveness of a BMP.

previous slide

back to start

Best Management Practices (BMPs) are techniques used to control stormwater runoff, agricultural runoff, sediment control, and soil stabilization, as well as management decisions to prevent or reduce nonpoint source pollution.

The EPA defines a BMP as a "technique, measure or structural control that is used for a given set of conditions to manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost-effective manner."

previous slide

back to start

The Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) is a method for assessing

stream bank erosionpotential. It assigns point values to

several aspects of bank condition and provides an

overall score that can be used to inventory stream bank condition over

large areas andprioritize restoration efforts.

previous slide

back to start

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program allows the MDNRE to issue permits to

discharge pollutants as long as it is done in compliance with standards

set by the Clean Water Act. These federal permits are required

when an activity by a facility or individual might result in discharges of

pollutants into water bodies. The permit holders must obtain

certification from the State explaining where the discharge will originate and that the discharge meets the state’s

standards.

previous slide

back to start

Riffle embeddedness refers to the extent to which gravel, cobble, or

boulders within riffles are surrounded or covered by fine material (such as silt or sand). The more the substrate

is embedded, the less its surface area is exposed to the water and available for the colonization by invertebrates.

Record the appropriate level of embeddedness observed in riffles.

This is measured as the percentage of an individual substrate piece, such as a rock, that is covered on average.

Observations of embeddedness should be taken in the upstream and central portions of riffles and cobble

substrate areas.

previous slide

back to start

Sedimentation (the result of excessive input of sediment into streams) is one of the primary causes of degraded fish

communities, macroinvertebrates and other biologic communities living in streams. Excess sediment enters our streams through

erosion. This erosion comes from stream bank collapse and overland sediment input that is usually associated with land uses

that remove vegetation for land development, forestry, mining, poor construction practices, stream dredging and agiculture. Excessive

sediment loads cause changes to the stream channel and alter important physical characteristics such as depth, width and flow

velocity.

In addition to physical degradation to streams, excessive sedimentation has a negative impact biologically. It can be abrasive

to fish gills, scour benthic invertebrate habitat and physically smother habitats.

previous slide

back to start

A sonde or continuous sampling device is a water monitoring device that is designed to monitor water conditions. Equipped with battery power, a sonde can be left unattended for weeks at a time,

while water quality conditions are sampled at pre-programmed intervals and data is stored in the unit’s internal memory. Sondes will often have multiple sensors capable of recording a range of

water quality data, including dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and conductivity.

previous slide

back to start

The Michigan Environmental Protection Act identifies eight* designated uses for all waterbodies throughout the state of Michigan.

1) Agriculture2) Navigation3) Industrial water supply4) Public water supply at the point of water intake5) Warmwater fishery6) Habitat for other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife7) Partial body contact recreation8) Total body contact recreation from May 1 through October 31

* Other bodies of water may have a designated use as a coldwater fishery

previous slide

back to start

A digital temperature data logger is a continuously recording temperature sensor that is simple to deploy, relatively

inexpensive (less than $200) and capable of collecting a lot of information on the variability of a stream’s temperature pattern.

previous slide

back to start

Odor producing substances can interfere with designated uses of the water body. Some common conditions include: septic odors

indicating untreated wastewater or leaking septic systems, chorine odors indicating overly chlorinated sewage treatment or

swimming pool discharge, fishy odors associated with algal growth, and rotten egg odors indicating sewage or methane

from anerobic (low oxygen) conditions.

previous slide

back to start

Water clarity is often affected by an increase in runoff during storm events from land-based activities, including: construction,

agricultural practices, logging activity, and discharges. It can also be caused by eroding stream banks or excessive algal

growth.

A decrease in water clarity can affect water temperature since suspended particles in the water can absorb heat. It can also reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen because warm

water holds less dissolved oxygen than cold water. A decrease in water clarity can also reduce photosynthesis, further

decreasing the production of oxygen.

To improve water clarity, it is important to determine the source of the problem and then working to eliminate or remediate the

problem.

previous slide

back to start

EPT stands for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera – the orders of insects commonly known as Mayflies, Stoneflies, and

Caddisflies, respectively. Because these taxa of stream insects are particularly sensitive to adverse water quality

conditions, their presence is significant.

previous slide

back to start

Lower Grand River Watershed Contacts

Kristi Klomp, Water Quality Programs Manager – West Michigan Environmental Action Council, kklomp@wmeac.org

E. Wendy Ogilvie, Senior Environmental Specialist – Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc.,ewogilvie@ftch.com

Andy Bowman, Planning Director – Grand Valley Metropolitan Council, bowmana@gvmc.org

Brian Hanson, Research Assistant – Annis Water Resources Institute,hansobri@gvsu.edu

previous slide

back to start

What is the scope of your monitoring objective?

Watershed-scale spatial assessment

BMP Effectiveness

Temporal trend assessment

Education

Stream segment assessment

Problem identification

?

?

Sedimentation

?

?

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Sediment Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Use the Pebble Count method and/or

riffle embeddedness

.

If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the

BEHI assessment.

BEHI Methodology:

Sample upstream and downstream of

major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sampling during dry weather, twice a year.

Look for geographic

patterns indicating

sedimentation problems (ie. silt-dominated pebble counts,

high embeddedness

scores, high BEHI scores), and/or trends

over time.

Can be conducted by

either professional or

volunteer.

Sedimentation

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment Sediment Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sample upstream and downstream of

major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sample during dry weather, twice a year.

Can be conducted by

either professional or

volunteer.

Sedimentation

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use the Pebble Count method and/or

riffle embeddedness

.

If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the

BEHI assessment.

BEHI Methodology:

Look for geographic

patterns indicating

sedimentation problems (ie. silt-dominated pebble counts,

high embeddedness

scores, high BEHI scores), and/or trends

over time.

Sampling Strategy for Temporal Trend Sediment Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sample upstream and downstream of

major tributaries & suspected

problem areas.

Sample during dry weather.

Conduct sampling at same time

period each season.

Can be conducted by

either professional or

volunteer.

Sedimentation

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use the Pebble Count method and/or

riffle embeddedness

.

If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the

BEHI assessment.

BEHI Methodology:

Look for geographic

patterns indicating

sedimentation problems (ie. silt-dominated pebble counts,

high embeddedness

scores, high BEHI scores), and/or trends

over time.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Sediment to determine BMP Effectiveness

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sample upstream & downstream

from BMP sites. Establish

permanent transect

locations.

Sample during dry weather, pre

& post BMP. Sample paired watersheds if

possible.

Can be conducted by

either professional or

volunteer.

Sedimentation

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use the Pebble Count method and/or

riffle embeddedness

.

If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the

BEHI assessment.

BEHI Methodology:

Look for geographic

patterns indicating

sedimentation problems (ie. silt-dominated pebble counts,

high embeddedness

scores, high BEHI scores), and/or trends

over time.

Sampling Strategy for Sediment Monitoring for Educational Purposes

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Site selection is dependent on

location convenience or study objective. Safety issues

need to be primary

consideration.

Sample as school schedule

permits. Permanent

sampling sites may track

changes over time.

Evaluation of pebble count,

BEHI and embeddedness scores relative to other time

periods or other locations.

n/a

Sedimentation

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use the Pebble Count method and/or

riffle embeddedness

.

If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the

BEHI assessment.

BEHI Methodology:

Sampling Strategy for Problem Identification of Sedimentation

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Sample at downstream end of major tributaries,

urban steams, and other potential

sources of sediment.

Sample annually at

most.

Identify spatial distributions of the parameters

measured.

Sedimentation

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Use the Pebble Count method and/or

riffle embeddedness

.

If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the

BEHI assessment.

BEHI Methodology:

Can be conducted by

either professional or

volunteer.

What is the scope of your monitoring objective?

Watershed-scale spatial assessment

BMP Effectiveness

Temporal trend assessment

Education

Stream segment assessment

Problem identification

?

?

Stream Flow

?

?

previous slide

back to start

Follow EPA guidelines for flow measurement.

Where available, access data from a

USGS gage station.

Consider making qualitative channel

stability observations, perform the BEHI

protocol,

and/or inspect the MDEQ stream

flashiness index.

.

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Flow Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

The stream stretch chosen

for the measurement of discharge (flow)

should be straight (no

bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water

such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs

are ideal.

Sample annually for qualitative

channel stability indicators or

BEHI; MDNRE updates

flashiness data every 5 years.

Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting

stream flashiness or

qualitative indicators.

Trained volunteers can

collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI

surveys or making

qualitative stream stability observations.

However, volunteer monitoring

cannot be used in enforcement

cases.

Stream Flow

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment-scale Flow Monitoring

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Make qualitative channel stability

observations, perform the BEHI

protocol,

and/or inspect the MDEQ stream

flashiness index.

Where available, access data from a USGS gage station.

.

The stream stretch chosen

for the measurement of discharge (flow)

should be straight (no

bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water

such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs

are ideal.

Sample annually for qualitative

channel stability indicators or

BEHI; MDNRE updates

flashiness data every 5 years.

Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting

stream flashiness or

qualitative indicators.

Stream Flow

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Trained volunteers can

collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI

surveys or making

qualitative stream stability observations.

However, volunteer monitoring

cannot be used in enforcement

cases.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temporal Trends in Stream Flow

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Perform the BEHI protocol,

and/or inspect the MDEQ

stream flashiness index.

Where available, access data from

a USGS gage station

.

.

The stream stretch chosen

for the measurement of discharge (flow)

should be straight (no

bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water

such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs

are ideal.

Sample annually for qualitative

channel stability indicators or

BEHI; MDNRE updates

flashiness data every 5 years.

Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting

stream flashiness or

qualitative indicators.

Stream Flow

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Trained volunteers can

collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI

surveys or making

qualitative stream stability observations.

However, volunteer monitoring

cannot be used in enforcement

cases.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring BMP Effectiveness in Stream Flow

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Follow EPA guidelines for flow

measurement.

Make qualitative channel stabiity

observations and/or perform the BEHI

protocol;

consider inspecting the MDEQ stream flashiness index.

Where available, access data from a USGS gage station.

.

The stream stretch chosen

for the measurement of discharge (flow)

should be straight (no

bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water

such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs

are ideal.

Sample annually for qualitative

channel stability indicators or

BEHI; MDNRE updates

flashiness data every 5 years,

although sometimes

more frequently.

Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting

stream flashiness or

qualitative indicators.

Stream Flow

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Trained volunteers can

collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI

surveys or making

qualitative stream stability observations.

However, volunteer monitoring

cannot be used in enforcement

cases.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Stream Flow for Educational Purposes

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Follow EPA guidelines for flow

measurement.

Make qualitative channel stabiity

observations and/or perform the BEHI

protocol;

consider inspecting the MDEQ stream flashiness index.

Where available, access data from a USGS gage station.

The stream stretch chosen

for the measurement of discharge (flow)

should be straight (no

bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water

such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs

are ideal.

Sample annually for qualitative

channel stability indicators or

BEHI; MDNRE updates

flashiness data every 5 years,

although sometimes

more frequently.

Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting

stream flashiness or

qualitative indicators.

Stream Flow

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Trained volunteers can

collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI

surveys or making

qualitative stream stability observations.

However, volunteer monitoring

cannot be used in enforcement

cases.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Stream Flow for Problem Identification

MethodsSampling

FrequencyData

Interpretation

Professional vs.

Volunteer

Other Considerations

Follow EPA guidelines for flow

measurement.

Make qualitative channel stabiity

observations and/or perform the BEHI

protocol;

consider inspecting the MDEQ stream flashiness index.

Where available, access data from a USGS gage station.

The stream stretch chosen

for the measurement of discharge (flow)

should be straight (no

bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water

such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs

are ideal.

Sample annually for qualitative

channel stability indicators or

BEHI; MDNRE updates

flashiness data every 5 years,

although sometimes

more frequently.

Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting

stream flashiness or

qualitative indicators.

Stream Flow

Site Selection

previous slide

back to start

Trained volunteers can

collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI

surveys or making

qualitative stream stability observations.

However, volunteer monitoring

cannot be used in enforcement

cases.

Is there untreated

CSO or untreated sewage?

Start

Are there two or more

results > 1,000 E. coli/100

mL?

Is E. Coli sampled?

Not Assessed

TBC & PBC

Not Supporting PBC & TBC

Are any E. coli samples (from entire dataset)

collected during May 1-Oct. 31?

Are there two or more results collected

during May 1-Oct. 31 > 1,000 E. coli/100

mL?

Not Supporting PBC & TBC

Not Supporting PBC, Not Assessed

TBC Are there weekly E. coli

samples collected over

16 weeks during May 1-

Oct. 31?

Is any rolling 30 day geometric mean > 130 E.

coli/100mL and/or 10% of samples >

300 E. coli /100mL?

Not Supporting PBC & TBC

Not Supporting PBC, BPJ- Insufficient Information or

Supporting or Not Supporting TBC

Supporting PBC, Supporting TBC

Any E. coli samples (from entire dataset)

collected during May 1 – Oct. 31?

Is any rolling 30 day geometric mean > 130 E. coli/100mL and/or 10% of samples >300

E. coli/100mL?

Are there E. coli samples collected

over 16 weeks during May 1 – Oct. 31?

Supporting PBC, Not Supporting

TBC

BPJ- Insufficient Information or Supporting PBC, Not Assessed TBC

BPJ- Insufficient Information or Supporting PBC, BPJ-

Insufficient Information or Supporting or Not Supporting

TBC

Supporting PBC & TBC

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

NoNo

NoNo

Yes Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

NoNo

No

Appendix A.

** It is possible to arrive at a decision of supporting for total body contact and not supporting for partial body contact if E. coli concentrations are low during the total body season (May 1 – October 31) and high during the nonrecreation season.

Determination of Partial Body Contact (PBC) and Whole Body Contact (WBC) Designated Use Support.

Pathogens/Bacteria

previous slide

back to start

Contact your District MDNRE biologist to discuss current conditions and existing

data.

previous slide

back to start

Appendix B. Interpretation of Water Temperature Data

Note: Maximum values vary with month and location in the state, as described in Public Act 451, Part 4, Rule 323.1057 and listed below:

(a) For warmwater rivers, streams, and impoundments north of a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma and North Muskegon:

(b) For warmwater rivers, streams, and impoundments south of a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma, and North Muskegon, except the St. Joseph river:

Jan = 38 oF July = 83 oF

Feb = 38 oF Aug = 81 oF

Mar = 41 oF Sep = 74 oF

Apr = 56 oF Oct = 64 oF

May = 70 oF Nov = 49 oF

Jun = 80 oF Dec = 39 oF

previous slide

back to start

Jan = 38 °F Jul = 83 °F

Feb = 38 °F Aug = 81 °F

Mar = 41 °F Sep = 74 °F

Apr = 56 °F Oct = 64 °F

May = 70 °F Nov = 49 °F

Jun = 80 °F Dec = 39 °F

Jan = 41 °F Jul = 85 °F

Feb = 40 °F Aug = 85 °F

Mar = 50 °F Sep = 79 °F

Apr = 63 °F Oct = 68 °F

May = 76 °F Nov = 55 °F

Jun = 84 °F Dec = 43 °F

Jan = 50 °F Jul = 85 °F

Feb = 50 °F Aug = 85 °F

Mar = 55 °F Sep = 85 °F

Apr = 65 °F Oct = 70 °F

May = 75 °F Nov = 60 °F

Jun = 85 °F Dec = 50 °F

Note: Maximum values vary with month and location in the state, as described in Public Act 451, Part 4, Rule 323.1057 and listed below:

Appendix B. Interpretation of Water Temperature Data

b) For warmwater rivers, streams, and impoundments south of a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma, and North Muskegon, except the St. Joseph River:

a) For warmwater rivers, streams, and impoundments north of a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma and North Muskegon:

c) For the St. Joseph River: b) For coldwater rivers, streams and impoundments anywhere in the state:

Jan = 38 °F Jul = 68 °F

Feb = 38 °F Aug = 68 °F

Mar = 43 °F Sep = 63 °F

Apr = 54 °F Oct = 56 °F

May = 65 °F Nov = 48 °F

Jun = 68 °F Dec = 40 °F

Note: the list of coldwater streams is created by the MDNRE and updated regularly – though due to its rule-making process MDNRE is currently working off the 1997 list of steams.

previous slide

back to start