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TUTORIAL 4

Purpose: The purpose of this tutorial is to create a street lighting scene, demonstrating key features of DIALux.

Street Specifications:

• Illuminance Class : S3 for roadway ; S6 for sidewalks

• Pavement Class : R2

• Type of Road : Collector

• Pole Arrangement : Double Row with Offset

Luminaire Specifications:

• Each fixture: 1) Street Lighting IES file 2) Total luminous flux 5500 lumens

The street scene to be analyzed is shown below:

Figure 1 Street Scene

Note: In this exercise the “Imperial (ft, in, etc)” system of units has been used. You can simply convert back and forth between the Imperial and Metric units using the following relations: 1 ft = 0.3048m and 1m = 3.280 ft

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Creating a new project In this tutorial we will create a “street project”. To create a new project, follow the subsequent steps: Upon startup of DIALux, select New Street Project from the Welcome dialogue screen.

Figure 2 Welcome Dialogue Screen

Upon creation of the project, to ensure that you are using the “Imperial” system of units, from the main toolbar select File →Settings →General Options and under the Global tab, select the Imperial system for “Dimensions” and “Lighting” units. Furthermore, the General Options menu can be used to modify different project settings of the project such as, room dimensions, CAD window, output and contact properties.

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Figure 3 General Settings

Once you have created the project, you have the option to organize the global project information, such as project name, contact/address information, and the location under Project manager. To access the global information menu select Project 1 from the tree structure under Projects menu.

Figure 4 Project Information

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In this tutorial we will build a street with the following specifications:

Street Requirements and Specification

Type of Road Collector

Pedestrian Conflict Area Low - Medium

Pavement Class R2 (12.0 lux / 1.2 fc)

S3 for Roadway Illumination Class

S6 for Sidewalks

Roadway Illuminance Criteria & Classification

Uniformity (Emin/Eave) Ratio 0.25

Street Width 65.616 feet or 20 meters

Number of Lanes 4

Sidewalk Width 3.280 feet or 1 meter (on each

side)

Pole Height 19.685 feet or 6 meters

Pole Spacing 108.267 feet or 33 meters

Pole Distance to Road 3.280 feet or 1 meter

Luminaire Overhang 1.640 feet or 0.5 meter

Boom Length 4.921 feet or 1.5 meter

Luminaire Tilt 0 degrees

Road Specifications

Pole Arrangement Double Row with Offset

Luminaire Requirements Lumen Output 5500 lumens

Table 1 Street Specifications

Note from the tree structure that upon creation of the project, Roadway 1 has been added to the scene. By default a street only consists of one roadway with a valuation field; the valuation field starts at the beginning of a street planning (coordinate: (0, 0) ft).

Figure 5 Floor Plan View of the Street Scene

Valuation Field is a calculation surface, specific to exterior scenes, which calculates the luminance distribution on a roadway for an observer; this

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calculation surface considers all luminaires and other objects inserted in the exterior scene. Selecting Street 1 from the tree structure enables the user to adjust the general street settings. The user has the option to modify the street name, lighting situation, maintenance method, and the street arrangement. The Lighting Situation can be entered manually or by means of the built-in wizard; the wizard assigns a lighting situation based on the type of vehicles (motorized vehicles, slow vehicles and bicycles) used on the roads, the typical/permitted speed of the vehicles, and whether the pedestrians are permitted on the road. By default your project gets a lighting situation with the designation A1. In this tutorial, we will be planning a Collector road type. Collector roads contain 4 or less lanes, with sidewalks on both sides of the road; they connect the traffic from local roads or sections of residential roads to the main roads, where motorized and slow vehicles with a typical speed of < 60km/h and pedestrians are permitted on the road. To comply with these requirements, the wizard was used to assign B2 as our Lighting Situation; Figure 6 shows the step-by-step use of the wizard to select the lighting situation.

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Figure 6 Using the Wizard to assign a Lighting Situation

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Figure 7 Street Scene - Lighting Situation

As depicted in Figure 5, by default the street has 2 lanes only; therefore we will increase the number of lanes to 4 to meet our design requirements. Under Project menu, from Project 1→ Street 1, select Roadway 1 and under Project manager change the properties of the road as follows:

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Figure 8 Roadway 1 - Properties

From Project manager’s Street Coating tab notice that upon selection of Tarmac class (in our case R2), its corresponding tarmac coefficient q0 (in our case 0.070) is automatically assigned. In addition, notice that by default the Uniformity coating on wet roadways is assigned with the designation W3 (and its corresponding coefficient of 0.200). Thus, as in this project Uniformity coating is not one of design considerations, we will leave it at its default value. Next, we will add sidewalks to both sides of the street. Under Project menu, from Project 1, right-click on Street 1 and select Insert Street Element→ Sidewalk.

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Figure 9 Inserting Sidewalks

Upon completion, notice that Sidewalk 1 has been added to the tree structure. From Project 1→ Street 1, select Sidewalk 1 and modify its properties as follows:

Figure 10 Sidewalk Properties

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Repeat the same procedure to add a second sidewalk, with the same parameters, to the other side of the street. From the CAD Window notice that the sidewalks have been added to the same side of the roadway.

Figure 11 Default Sidewalk Arrangement

Therefore, we need to change the arrangement of the street elements. From Project 1 select Street 1, and under Project manager’s Arrangement tab, use the “Up” and “Down” arrows to change the arrangement of the street element as follows:

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Figure 12 Rearranging Street Elements

Leave other properties as default.

Figure 13 Street Elements Rearranged

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In the next step we will select the appropriate “illumination class” for each one of the street elements. The Illuminance Class can be selected manually or by means of the built-in wizard. Under Project menu, from Project 1→ Street 1→ Sidewalk 2, select Valuation Field Sidewalk 2, and under Project manager, select S6 from the drop-down menu.

Figure 14 Sidewalk 2 Illuminance Class

Repeat the same procedure to assign Illuminance Class S6 to Sidewalk 1 and S3 to Roadway 1, respectively.

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Figure 15 Roadway 1 & Sidewalk 1 Illuminance Class

Similarly, you can use the Insert Street Element feature to insert additional street elements such as roadways, bicycle lane, emergency lane, lay-bys and grass-strips to the project.

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Adding Luminaires: Note that DIALux refers to light fixtures as “luminaires”. Therefore, from here on we will refer to LEDs (IES files) as luminaires. In this section we will use the Luminaire Selection menu to insert luminaires into our project. Using DIALux the user has the option to import luminaires from different manufacturers’ website or to import his/her own IES files. For the purpose of this tutorial, we will import the Street_Lighting.ies file from Dialux_Data folder. Remember that we do not need to model individual LEDs within a fixture as DIALux treats luminaires as a “point source”. Therefore, the IES file that we will import in this project will act a “point source”, with a total lumen output of 5500 lumens. While DIALux running in the background, open the “Dialux_Data” folder. From Dialux_Data →Vertical Marketing Strategy folder, right-click on the “Street_Lighting.ies” file and select Insert into DIALux Project.

Figure 16 Insert IES Files

From the Street Lighting menu under The Guide, notice that you have the option to insert Optimized Luminaire Arrangement and Street Arrangement into the project; in this project we will use a Street Arrangement. From the Street Lighting menu, select Insert Street Arrangement.

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Figure 17 Inserting Street Arrangement

This will open the luminaire property window under Project manager. To comply with the design specifications (see Table 1), we will change the luminaire properties as follows:

• Luminaire: Luminous Flux: 5500.00 lm ; Power: 55.00W ; Correction Factor: 1.000

Setting the Correction Factor to 1.00 implies that the luminaire is 100% efficient (i.e. no losses), so 5500lm actually comes out of the luminaire.

• Pole/Boom: 1) Boom length : 4.920ft, 2) Overhang: 1.640ft 3) Distance Pole to Roadway: 3.280ft 4) Mounting Height : 19.685ft 5) No. of Luminaires per Pole : 1 6) Pole Distance: 108.267ft

Leave other parameters as default.

• Arrangement: Single row, top

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Click Insert to confirm your selection.

Figure 18 Luminaire Properties - Top

We will follow the same procedure to insert luminaires to the bottom side of the roadway with the following properties:

• Luminaire: Luminous Flux: 5500.00 lm ; Power: 55.00W ; Correction Factor: 1.000

• Pole/Boom: 1) Boom length : 4.920ft, 2) Overhang: 1.640ft 3) Distance Pole to Roadway: 3.280ft 4) Mounting Height : 19.685ft 5) No. of Luminaires per Pole : 1 6) Pole Distance: 108.27ft

7) Longitudinal Displacement : -54.134 ft Leave other parameters as default.

• Arrangement: Single row, bottom Click Insert to confirm your selection.

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Figure 19 Luminaire Properties - Bottom

Remember that you always have the option to select your luminaires and modify their properties under Project manager. The luminaires are added to the tree structure as they are inserted into the project. In this example, based on the spacing between the poles and the default length of the street, DIALux has inserted 8 luminaires into the scene. Selecting Street Arrangement enables you to change/modify physical properties (luminaire type, position, arrangement, mounting height, etc…) of the luminaire. To change the technical properties (flux, power, PF, filter, etc…) of your luminaires select the individual luminaires under Street Arrangement.

Figure 20 Modifying Luminaire Properties

To view the default 3D light distribution of the luminaires, select 3D Light distribution display from the main toolbar or from the View menu.

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Figure 21 Light Distribution Icon

Under 3D Standard View of the scene (see Figure 22) notice that the luminaires are not properly aligned with the border of the street. As a result, we will need to modify the luminaires’ orientation to focus the light onto the road. Remember that you can switch back and forth between 2D and 3D views of your scene using the View menu from the main toolbar.

Figure 22 Default Luminaire Arrangement Orientation

Under Project menu, from Luminaire →Street Arrangement, select 4 x add luminaire description if desired (see Figure 23) and under Project manager’s Rotations tab, rotate the luminaires about the Z-axis by 90.0o.

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Figure 23 Modifying the Luminaires Rotation - 1

If properly done, the luminaires on the top side of the street must be facing down towards the roadway.

Figure 24 Modified Luminaire Orientation – 1

Similarly, under Project menu, from Luminaire →Street Arrangement, select 4 x add luminaire description if desired (see Figure 25) and under Project manager’s Rotations tab, rotate the luminaires about the Z-axis by -90.0o.

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Figure 25 Modifying the Luminares Rotation - 2

Upon completion, the luminaires on the bottom side of the street must be facing up towards the roadway. The following figure displays the 3D Standard View of the scene with the orientation of luminaires adjusted.

Figure 26 Modified Luminaire Orientation - 2

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Optional – adding objects to the scene Unlike the indoor and outdoor scenes you cannot add objects/furniture directly to the street scene. If you intend to insert objects (e.g. cars, buildings, etc…) you have to insert the street scene into an exterior scene. In order to do so, under the tree structure, right-click on Street 1 and select Insert Street into Exterior Scene. This will superimpose the street scene onto a “ground element”.

Figure 27 Inserting the Street Scene into an Exterior Scene

For instructions on how to build and insert objects into an exterior scene refer to Tutorial 3.

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Lighting Calculations: In this step we will use the DIALux calculation tool to perform basic lighting analysis. To perform basic light scene calculations, select the Start Calculation icon from the main toolbar menu. The Start Calculation icon can also be accessed from the The Guide under the Street Lighting task area.

Figure 28 Start Calculation Icon

Clicking on the Start Calculation icon will open the Start Calculation dialogue box. The dialogue box enables you to select the scenes to be included in the calculation; click OK to continue.

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Figure 29 Start Calculation Dialogue Box

Once you click OK, you will be prompted with the Calculating window, where you can view the calculation progress. Calculation time varies based on different parameters, such as the number of the luminaires used, the lighting scenes created, etc...

Figure 30 Calculation Progress Box

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Upon completion, DIALux shows a 3D display of the illuminated street in the CAD Window.

Figure 31 3D Display of the Street Scene

To obtain a visual assessment of our design we will make use of the False Color Display function of DIALux. The False Color Display can be accessed from the main toolbar menu.

Figure 32 False Color Display Icon

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Once applied, the False Colors menu will open under Project manager, where you can modify the foot candle (fc) values assigned to the display colors.

Figure 33 False Color Display Values

In this exercise we have built a street scene with an R2 pavement class, which requires an illuminance value of 12 lm/m2 or 1.2 foot candles. Therefore, we will assign a foot candle value of 1.2 fc to color White, Interpolate the values for the other colors, and will Apply the modifications to verify our design. The following figure shows the modified False Color Display of our lighting planning.

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Figure 34 False Color Display

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Calculation Results In this step we will use the Output menu to display the calculation results. Even though there are many output types available, we will only display/export those of more importance to us. Remember that you have the option to display the calculation results on the screen or to print/export them as a .pdf file. For the purpose of this example we will export the results as a .pdf file. Once exported, compare your results to those in Tutorial_4.pdf included with the tutorials. Note: Based on the selected “Location”, “Time Specifications”, and the version of DIALux you use your results may vary from those in Tutorial_4.pdf. Once under the Output menu (see figure 32), deselect all preselected output types and select the following: Project 1 →add luminaire description if desired → add luminaire description if desired: LDC Data Sheet →Street 1: Planning data Photometric Results 3D Rendering False Color Rendering →Valuation Fields: →Valuation Field Roadway 1: Results overview Grey Scale (E) Table (E)

→Valuation Field Sidewalk 1: Results overview Grey Scale (E) Table (E)

→ Valuation Field Sidewalk 2: Results overview Grey Scale (E) Table (E)

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Figure 35 Output Menu

To export the calculation results click on the PDF icon in the main toolbar menu.

Figure 36 PDF Icon

Once you click on the PDF icon you will be prompted with the Save Output as PDF window inquiring you to confirm your selection. Click OK to continue.

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Figure 37 Save Output as PDF Box

Finally, save your document as Tutorial_4.pdf.

Figure 38 Saving the Project

From the Photometric Results chart note that based on the calculated results the uniformity (Emin/ Eav) for the roadway and sidewalks 1 and 2 was calculated to be 0.39 (0.37/0.95) and 0.51 (0.33/0.64), respectively. Consequently, we can confirm that uniformity requirements (uo=0.25) for both illumination classes are “Fulfilled”. However, in addition to the uniformity value itself, DIALux requires the average illuminance value of S6 illumination class (in our case, sidewalks 1 and 2) not to exceed the minimum illuminance value by more than 1.5 times. This is simply the reason why you notice an “ ” mark (i.e. not fulfilled) for the uniformity calculation results of sidewalks 1 and 2.

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The following figures illustrate different views of a completed version of the same street scene we built in this tutorial. The purpose here is to demonstrate the sophisticated yet simple functions of DIALux to create a street scene with the greatest details.

Figure 39 Street View 1

Figure 40 Street View 2