strengthening local society with local energy and...
TRANSCRIPT
STRENGTHENING LOCAL SOCIETY
WITH LOCAL ENERGY AND RESOURCES
ATSUSHI WATABE & TOMOKO TAKEDA
INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES (IGES)
WHO ARE WE?
The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) was established in March 1998
under an initiative of the Japanese government
Promoting cooperation with international organisations, governments, local governments,
research institutions, business sectors, civil society
Wide range of research areas:
- Thematic: Climate & Energy, Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services, Sustainable
Consumption and Production (SCP)
- Stakeholder engagement: City, Finance, Business Taskforces
Strong networks, particularly in Asia-Pacific region
One-third of staff are non-Japanese
OUR WORK ON LOCAL TRANSITIONS
City-City Environment Cooperation
Voluntary Local Reporting for SDGs (Several Cities and
Towns in Japan)
Contribution to the Local Governments Policies
Natural Resources, Air Pollution Mitigation, Waste
Management and 3R, Low Carbon Development…
Study on local transitions: “Circulating and Ecological
Economy” promoted by GoJ
KEY MESSAGE
Key points for transitions to sustainable local societies
a. Address energy transitions at the same time with the
other challenges
b. Foster micro-scale innovations as well as big changes
(e.g. infrastructure)
c. Develop the capacities of the local actors in finding and
utilizing local resources
CIRCULATING AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMYA CONCEPT FOR SUSTAINABLE LOCAL SOCIETIES IN JAPAN
CIRCULATING AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY
A concept promoted in 5th Basic
Environment Plan (2018)
Address social, economic, and
environmental sustainability
Integrate Decarbonization;
Resource Circulation; Harmony
with Nature
Utilize local resources to build
resilient society & economy;
then mutually support with
neighboring societies 出典：IGES
CIRCULATING AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY
Background (1) Complex Challenges in the Post-Industrialized / Post-Growth Society
Drastic Reduction of GHGReduction of Waste / Resource Efficiency
Conservation of Natural ResourcesBiodiversity
Aging / DepopulationGender Equality / Address Overwork
Disaster Preparedness Reconstruction
Economy
Rehabilitating local economy
Competition with emerging economyDigitalization
Environment
Society
出典：MOEJ
CIRCULATING AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY
Background (2) Material Circulating Society / Society in Harmony with Nature
From Engineering Solution to Sociotechnical Responses
Economy
Rehabilitating local economy
Competition with emerging economyDigitalization
Society
出典：IGES
Regional circulation
（地域循環）Harmony with nature
（自然共生）
- Early
2000’s
• Engineering for recycling of
organic/biomass resources
• Both rural and urban societies
• Engineering for watershed management
• Improve urban conditions
Late
2000’s
• Participation and coordination • Multi-stakeholder collaboration
After 3.11 • Circulation was effective for shock
mitigation and recovery
• Doubt to conventional development
• Recalling the threat of the nature
Late
2010’s
• Energy as local resource
• Circulating for economic recovery
• Agriculture, tourism, etc. in harmony
with nature for economic recovery
NAGANO PREFECTURE’S
ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY STRATEGYLARGE-SCALE TRANSITIONS OF CITIZEN’S LIFE AND ENERGY SYSTEMS
NAGANO’S ENERGY TRANSITION
Targets
Economy Society
出典：Nagano
Prefecture
GHG Emissions
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1990 2000 2009 2020 2030 2050
▲10% ▲30% ▲80%
Renewable/Natural Energy
1
58.676.6
100.3
155.1
6 11 19.334.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2010.1.1 2020.1.1 2030.1.1 2050.1.1
Capacity/Maximum Demand
Supply/Consumption
NAGANO’S ENERGY TRANSITION
Key Measures
Home Energy Audit & Energy
Saving Label
Financial support to energy-
saving constructions and
building with RE
“One Village One RE”:
Community Driven Solar,
Hydro, Biomass…
Public Transportation / EV
Promotion
And more…
Economy Society
Innovative Cases
“Zero-Yen” Rooftop PV
Solar Potential Map
Community Powers
Snow-refrigerator
MICRO- AND LARGE- SCALE TRANSITIONSOTHER CASES OF CIRCULATING AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY
MICRO- AND LARGE- SCALE INNOVATIONS
Can take various forms!
Economy Society
Linear model Regional/local circulation model
Transition to sustainable
pathways
Local Resource Based
Community Driven
RENEWABLES FOR SOCIAL TRANSITION
Example of Fujino “transition” town
2009 –
Off-grid electricity by citizens
Addresses: i. climate change and fossil fuels
ii. Resilience
iii. re-economy and relocalization
Economy Society
Photo：authors, source: Shirai, 2018
Future
2020- From generation to storage, higher energy efficiency
Current trend
2010-2020
Energy for resilience (Great East Japan Earthquake)
Past
-2010 Energy for economy, energy security
RENEWABLES FOR SOCIAL TRANSITION
Economy Society
Off-grid energy by citizens
EMPOWERING LOCAL ACTORS FOR CREATING
ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF LIVING WITH LOCAL ENERGYANOTHER CASE OF “ENERGY TRANSITION” IN ARMENIAN HIGHLAND
EMPOWERMENT FOR ALTERNATIVE LIVING
Economy Society
Armenia• Independence in 1991 • Long-standing depression• Energy depend on natural gas from Russia
Challenges for Highland/Rural People• Limited income/job• High Energy Cost• Limited access to School,
Kindergarten, • Safety concern in evening
EMPOWERMENT FOR ALTERNATIVE LIVING
Economy Society
Dry fruit Maker & Solar Cooker @ Rural Families
Solar Cooker / Water Heater @ Schools &
Kindergarten
Solar Street Light @ Village
IncomeSave Energy Cost
Healthy Diet
Workers’ HealthOpen Schools in Winters
Save Cost & Safety
EMPOWERMENT FOR ALTERNATIVE LIVING
Economy Society
• Reality
• Skepticism in the local government
• Technical challenge – “solar oven” was unproductive in winter
• Implementation challenge – winter came before full “test” of fruit driers
Original Modified
Solar Oven Canceled
Fruit Drier @ Households Households + Women’s Centre
Water heating for school’s housekeeping
Dishwashing + Swimming Pool @ kindergarten
Street light Street LED light at village center
• Learning by Doing (1) Actions Reconsidered
EMPOWERMENT FOR ALTERNATIVE LIVING
Economy Society
• Learning by doing (2) Partners & Roles Reconfigured
AWHHE
(NGO, Project
Team)
10YFP-SLE
Coordination
Desk
Technology
Company
Financial support,
MonitoringTechnical
support
Local
Governments
School /
Kindergarten
Villagers
(Final Beneficiary)
Consultation /
Approval
Consultation /
Approval
EMPOWERMENT FOR ALTERNATIVE LIVING
Economy Society
AWHHE
(NGO, Project
Team)
10YFP-SLE
Coordination
Desk
Technology
Company
Support discussion w/
local govt
Suggest change actions
Technical support
Local
Governments
School /
Kindergarten
Villagers
(Final Beneficiary)
Consultation /
Counter-proposal
Financial support,
Monitoring
Support discussion w/
local government
Counter-proposal
Neighbor
villages
Food Sellers
@ citiesConsultation /
Approval / Counter-
proposal
• Learning by doing (2) Partners & Roles Reconfigured
EMPOWERMENT FOR ALTERNATIVE LIVING
Economy Society
Dry fruit Maker & Solar
Cooker @ Rural
Families
Solar Cooker / Water
Heater @ Schools &
Kindergarten
Solar Street Light
@ Village Center
Income
Save Energy Cost
Healthy Diet
Workers’ Health
Open Schools in Winters
Save Cost & Safety
Growing
Self-Confidence in
a) Using Available
Resources
b) Creating Alternative
Activities &
Means of LivingCenter
ーーーーーー
ーーー
ーーー
Save Cost & Safety
More active engagement
to social activities
Workers’ Health
Open Schools in Winters
More Activity for Kids
EMPOWERMENT FOR ALTERNATIVE LIVING
Identification: Capturing Local
Challenges & Opportunities
Action: Learning by Doing
Reconfiguration:Modify actions, partners, and
goalsVisions & Capacities
for Sustainable
Local Society
What they want to keep or
change,
What potential they have /
they want to have,
for the sustainable local society
KEY MESSAGE (AGAIN)
Key points for transitions to sustainable local societies
a. Address energy transitions at the same time with the
other challenges
b. Foster micro-scale innovations as well as big changes
(e.g. infrastructure)
c. Develop the capacities of the local actors in finding and
utilizing local resources
