STRESS AND MENTAL STRESS AND MENTAL ILLNESSILLNESS

DR LOKESH BABUNEURO PSYCHIATRISTSNEHA MANO VIKASA KLENDRA ANDCHETAN B V BPSYCHOTHERAPISTSNEHAMANOVIKASA KENDRATUMKUR

WHAT IS STRESS?

IT CAN BE DEFINED AS A DEMAND ON A HUMAN BEING.THE DEMAND CAN BE BIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOSOCIAL IN NATURE AND IT NEGATIVELY INFLUENCES ON THE HOMEOSTASIS OF BODY,MIND AND PERSONALITY

STRESS IS NEGATVE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO THE SITIUATIONS AND EVENTS

WHAT IS STRESSOR?

STRESS AND STRESSOR IS ALWAYS CONFUSING

STESSOR REFERS TO THE IGNITING AGENT,STRESS TO THE RESPONSE

STRESSSELYE IS (1936) IS CONSIDERD AS FATHER OF STRESS

RESEARCH AND HE MADE IT POPULAR

HE DISCOVERED THAT VARIETY OF THE PHYSICAL STIMULS SUCH AS REMOVING KIDNEY,OVARY OR ANY OTHER ORGAN AND PHYSICAL STIMULI THAT PROVOKED BY COLD ,HEAT IS LED TO ULCERATION OF THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT AND INCREASED ACTIVITY IN ADREANAL CORTEX.

ACCORDING TO HIM STRSS IS HAVING THREE PHASEALARAM PHASES HOMEOSTAIC PROCESS ARE DISRUPTED AND

RAPID CHANGS OCCUR IN BLOOD PRESSURE,HEART RATE,GLUCOSE LEVALS AND

ELECROLYTE BALANCERSISTANCE PHASE

HERE ORGANISM WOULD ACHIEVE ADAPTATION TO THE HARMFULL EFFECTS OF STRESS

EXHAUSTION PHASE FURTHER EXPOSURE TO THE STRESSOR LEADS PATHOLOGICAL CHAGES LIKE ULCEAR,IMMUNE SYSTEM.

STRESS AND BRAIN

LIVING ORGANISM STRIVE TOWARDS DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

CALLED

HOMEOSTASIS

IT CAN BE THREATENED BY VARIETIES OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL VAIRIABLES

LIMBIC BRAIN [ HIPPOCAMPUS,AMYGDALA AND FRONTALCORTEX ] ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STRESS RESPONSE

STRESS INCREASES THE PRODUCTION OF CORTICOCORTITROPHIN HORMONES AND CHANGES THE LEVAL OF SEROTONIN AND DOPOMINE

BIOLOGICAL COPING SYSTEM

PHYSIOLGICALLY THER ARE TWO WAYS

ALLOSTASISALLOSATIC LOAD

THE ABILITY TO RE ESTABLISH HOMEOSTSIS THROUGH CERTAIN CHANGES

EXCESSIVE OR PROLONGED STRESS DISTURBS HOMEOSTASIS AND ULTIMATLEY LEADS TO DISEASE

ADAPTIVE

SELF PRESERVATIVE

SHORT LASTINGSELF DESTRUTIVE

LONG LOSTING

COPING WITH STRESS

INTO ACTION TO PREVENT,REDUCE AND AVOID STRESSORCOPING MECHANISM ARE BROUHHT

ACCORDING TO LAZARUS PSYCHOLOGICALLY THERE ARE TWO WAYS

FIGHT OR FLIGHT CONSERVATIVE OR

WITHDRAWL

ACTIVE PASSIVE

GOAL ORIENTED

FIND COMPENSETATION

GET SOCIAL SUPPORT

EVADES

SUBMITS OR RESIGNS

DENIAL

DISTANCESSUPRESSION

LAZARUS (1966) LATER INVENTED THAT PSYCHOSOCIAL EVENTS,DEMANDS AND SITUATIONS ALSO IFLUENCES ON THE HOMEOSTSIS OF AN ORGANISM

EXAMPELS

FAILURES IN EXAMS,BUSINESS,LOVE ETC

LIVING ALONE,DIVORCE,DEATH OF A FAMILY MEMBER

FINANCIAL CRISIS,DEPENDENCE,

JOB DISSATISFACTION,LOSS,DEPROMOTION

THESE STRESSORS INFLUENCES THE EMOTIONS

JOY TO DESPONDENCY

TRANQULITY TO ANXIETY ,MELLOWNESS TO ANGER

INWARD PEACE TO GUILT,GENEROSITY TO ENVY

SELF CONFIDENCE TO SHAME,CONTENTMENT TO BITTERNESS

STRESS AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

STRESS EVOKE PSYCHIC TENSION AND IFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOUR

STRESSED SUBJECTS MAY BE

IRRITABLE

TENSE

AGGRESSIVE

DISTRACTED

DISINTRSTED

ANXIOUS

AGITATED AND SLEEPLESSNESS

ANXIETY DISORDERS

ANXIETY DISORDER IS MOST PREVALENT MENTAL DISORDER IN THE GENERAL POPULATION

EVERY ONE EXPERIENCES ANXIETY AND ANXIETY IS ALERTING SIGNAL;IT WARNS OF IMPENDING DANGER AND ENABELS A PERSON TO TAKE MEASURE TO DEAL WITH A THREAT.ANXIETY IS A RESPONSE TO A THREAT THAT IS UNKNOWN,INTERNAL,VAGUE OR CONFLICTUAL.

FEAR IS A RESPONSE TO A KNOWN,EXTERNAL,DEFINITE, OR NON CONFLICTUAL THREAT;

FEAR VERSUS ANXIETY

BIOLOGICAL CAUSES

ACCORDING TO SIGMUND FREUD,CONFLICTS BETWEEN ID,EGO AND SUPER EGO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ANXIETY

ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOURAL AND LEARNING THEORIES ,ANXIETY IS CONDITINAL RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC ENVIORNMENTAL STIMULUS

EXISTENTIAL THEORY IS THAT, ANY PERSON EXPERIENCE FEELINGS OF LIVING IN PURPOSLESS LIVING AND ANXIETY RESPONSE IS TO PERCIEVED VOID IN EXISTENCE AND MEANING

BIOLOGICALLY; STIMULATION IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CAUSES CORDIVASCULAR (PALPITATION), MUSCULAR(HEAD ACHE, GASTRI INTESTINAL(DIARRHEA) AND RESPIRATORY CHANGES

NEURO TRANSMITTERS LIKE NOR EPINEPHRINE, SEROTONIN, GAMA AMINO BUTYRIC ACID ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY

PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES

SOCIAL CAUSES

FAULTY PARENTING

HOSTILE ENVIORNMENT & PEOPLE

UNRESOLVED CONFLICTS

DEFFECTIVE LEARNING PROCESS

COPING SKILLS

HIGH TARGETS AND PRESSURE

LIMITED SOURCE OF MONEY,TIME,SUPPORT

CERTAIN JOBS - DRIVING,BUSINESS, LEADERS,EXECUTIVES,POLICE, ARMY ETC

SYMPTOMS IN ANXIETYPSYCHOLOGICAL

APPREHENSION, VAGUE FEAR (FEAR OF SOMETHING), LACK OF ATTENTION

POOR CONCENTRATION AND LEARNING

IMPAIRED MEMORY

IN ABILITY TO TAKE PROPER DECISION

IRRIATABILTY SHORT TEMPER

ILLUSION IMPULSIVE

BIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS

INCREASED HEART BEATS MISSED HEART BEAT

BREATHING DIFFICULTY CONSTRICTON IN CHEST

TREMORS IN HAND LACK OF APPETITE

INDIGESION

NAUSEAVOMITTING

DIARRHOEA

FREQUENT URINATION

SLEEP DISTURBANCE

NIGHTMARE

BEDWETTINGINABILTY TO SIT AND STAND

PREMATURE EJACULATION

LACK OF SEXUAL PERFORMANCEINTREST AND SATISFACTION

WEAKNESS AND FATIGABILITY

TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDES

PANIC DISORDER WITH OR WITHOUT AGROAPHOBIA

AGORIPHOBIA WITH OR WITHOUT PANIC DISORDER

SPECIFIC PHOBIA

SOCIAL PHOBIA

OBCESSIVE CIMPULSION DISORDER( O C D )

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER

GENEARALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

Feared situationsFeared situations

Social(where one may be judged)

Performance(where a public performance is required)

Attending functions Attending functions (weddings* / parties)(weddings* / parties)

• Conversation in a Conversation in a groupDatinggroupDating

• Speaking on the telephoneSpeaking on the telephone• Meeting peopleMeeting people• Eating in a restaurantEating in a restaurant

•PUPLIC SPEAKING

• Using a keyboard in Using a keyboard in publicpublic

• Playing sportsPlaying sports• Using a public toiletUsing a public toilet• Taking a testTaking a test• Trying on clothes in a Trying on clothes in a

shopshop

SOCIAL PHOBIA

PANIC ATTACKA DISCRETE PERIOD OF INTENSE FEAR OR DISCOMFORT IN WHICH FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS DEVELOP ABRUPTLY

PALPITATIONS,POUNDING HEART OR ACCELERATED HEART RATE

SWEATING

TREMBLING AND SHAKING

FEELING OF CHOKENESS

CHEST PAIN AND DISCOMFORT

NAUSEA AND ABDOMINAL DISTRESS

FEELING DIZZY,UNSTEADY,LIGHTHEADED OR FAINT

FEAR OF DYING

FEAR OF LOOSING CONTROL OR GOING CRAZY

NUMBENESS AND TINGLING

CHILLS AND HOT FLASHES

Anxiety disorder in children

EXCESSIVE CRYING

NOT TAKING PROPER FOOD

VOMITTING AND DIARRHOEA

SLEEP DISTURBANCE

NIGHTMARES

BED WETTING AND LOSS OF BLADDER CONTROL

EXCESSIVE THUMB SUCKING

PLAYING WITH GENITALS

IRRATIONAL FEARS

SPEECH DISTURBANCE

STAMMERING

CONDUCT DISORDERS

DRUG ABUSE,SEXUAL PROMISCUITY

PSYCHOSOMATIC ILLNESS; HEADACHE ABDOMINAL PAIN

DYSENTRY ASTHAMA OBESITY

TREATMENT

DRUGSANXIOLYTICS

DIAZEPAM CHLORO DIAZEPAM NITRIZEPAM

LORAZEPAMALPROZOLAMPROPRANOLOL

PSYCHOTHERAPY COUNSELLING

FAMILY THERAPY

&

BEHAVIOUR THERAPY

BIOFEEDBACK, MBT

PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION,

YOGA,PRANAYAMA

MEDITATON

(SILENT SUFFERING)DEPRESSED

Mood disordersMOOD IS A FEELING PART OF THE MIND ,IT IS PERVASIVE AND SUSTAINED FEELING TONE THAT IS EXPERIENCED INTRNALLY AND INFLUENCES A PERSON’S BEHAVIOUR AND PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD

AFFECT IS EXTERNAL EXPRESSION OF THE MOOD

MAINLY THREE TYPES OF MOODS ARE THERE

NORMAL ELEVATED

NORMAL PERSON SENSES CONTROL OVER THE MOODS AND AFFECTS

ABNORMAL PERSON SENSES LOSS OF CONTROL AND EXPERIENCES GREAT DISTRESS

TYPES OF MOOD DISORDER

MOOD EPISODE

MOOD DISORDER

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE

MANIC EPISODE

MIXED EPISODE

HYPOMANIC EPISODE

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

DYSTHYMIC DISORDER

BIPOLAR DISORDER

BIPOLAR II DISORDER

DEPRESSIVE

MOOD DISORDER DUE TO MEDICAL CONDITION

SUBSTANCE INDUCED MOOD DISORDER

DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

BIPOLAR I DISORDER

CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER

NOT OTHERWISESPECIFIED

depression

DEPRESSION IS INTERNAL SADNESS AND DISTRESSED FEELING AND EPISODE MUST LAST AT LEAST TWO WEEKS

(SUFFERING)

MAIN FEATURES OF DEPRESSION

FEELING OF SADNESS,CRYING SPELLS

SELF BLAMING

INFERIROTY

GUILT

HOPLELESSNESS

WORTHLESNESS

LACK OF INTRESTS IN MAJOR ACTIVITES

DECREASED APPETITE AND SLEEP

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS

SUCIDAL THOUGHTS,WISHES AND ATTEMPTS

MULTIPLE AND VAGUE BODY ACHES

TYPES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDES(UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION)

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER DYSTHYMIC DISORDER

DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

(ENDOGENEOUS)(NEUROTIC)

(DSM 4)

TWO TYPES OF DEPRESSION

ENDOGENEOUS NEUROTIC DEPRESSION

LOW LEVAL DOPAMINE AND SEROTONIN

WITH OR WITHOUT STRESS FACTOR

RESTLESS AGITATED

AVOID PEOPLE

GUILT FEELING

SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS OF SUCIDE

CAUSES OF DEPRESSIONBIOLOGICAL CAUSES

HIGH BP

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

HYPO THYROIDISM

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

FRONTAL LOBE TUMORS

VIRAL INFECTIONS

DECREASED NOREPINEPHRINE,SEROTONIN,DOPAMINE LEVALS

GENITIC FACTORS

GROWTH HORMONE

ACCORDING TO SIGMUND FREUD DISTURBANCE IN THE INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP DURING ORAL PHASE IS VULNERABLE TO DEPRESSION

PSYCHOSOCIAL CAUSES

EARLY ATTACMENTS,TRAUMATIC SEPERATION,VICTIMIZED BY PARENTS,LIVING UNDER DOMINATION,EXTRODINARY HIGH IDEALS.

PERSONALITY DISORDERS LIKE OCD ,HISTRIONIC AND BORDERLINE

LOSS OF MONEY,PEOPLE,STATUS ETC

UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS;DEATH,ACCIDENTS ETC

NEEDS ARE NOT FULLFILLED,

SOCIAL CAUSES

UNEXPECTED LFE EVENTS; DEATH,ACCIDENT ETC

LOSS OF MONEY ,PEOPLE ,STATUS,ETC

SEPERATION FROM LOVED ONES,LOVE FAILURES,

DISTURBED INTERPERSONEL RELATIONSHIPS

SIGNIFICANT PERSON DOES NOT RECIPROCATING LOVE,AFFECTION,TRUST ,COOPERATION

JOB RELATED PROBLEMS; LACK OF RECOGNITION, NO INCRIMENTS,UNWANTED TRANSFERS,HOSTILE ENVIORNMENT

COURT CASE,POLICE HARASMENT,UNEMPLOYMENT,INJUSTICE,

EXPLOITATION,CHEATING,INFIDIELITY OF SPOUSE,DIVORCE

PAINFULL AND LONG LOSTING DISEASES

TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION

ANTI DPRESSANTDRUGS

IMIPRAMINE

AMITRIPTYLINE

DOXEPIN

FLOXETINE

SERTALINE

ELECTRO CONVULSIVE

THERAPY

INDUCING ELECTRICAL SHOCK FOR 0.5 SECONDS

MBT

PSYCHOTHERAPY AND COUNSELLING

BRAIN POLARAISER

FAMILY

COGNITIVE

PSYCHO ANALYSIS

REGRESSION

FIRST AID IN DEPRESSION

DO NOT BE ALONE

SHARE YOUR THOUGHT

DO NOT REMAIN IDLE

CHANGE THE PLACE AND SITIUATION

ALLOW POSITIVE THOUGHT

ACCEPT REALITY

TRY TO GET SUPPORT AND LOVE

DIVERT YOUR ATTENTION BY INVOLVING CREATIVE ACTIVITES

PRAY

&

MEDITATE

LOOK AT BRIGHTER SIDES OF THE LIFE AND PERSONALITY