STRESS STRESS

NATURE

LEXICAL & POST-LEXICAL LEVEL

THEORY OF PROMINENCEFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

THEORY OF PROMINENCEFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

IMPORTANT NOTIONS: STRESS - ACCENT

PROMINENCE:Give more emphasis to some parts of an utterance.

A Syllable is singled out within a word or stands out with respect to its neighbouring syllables in a word.

A word is singled out within an utterance or stands with respect to the rest of the words.

PROMINENCE: FACTORSPROMINENCE: FACTORS

PITCH CONTRAST LOUDNESS LENGTH QUALITY

FOCUS ON: – PRODUCTION – ARTICULATORY

PHONETICS– RECEPTION STAGES- AUDITORY

PHONETICS

PROMINENCE- FACTORSPROMINENCE- FACTORS PITCH: VOCAL FOLDS-

– ARTICULATORILY: TENSION- RATE OF VIBRATION

– AUDITORILY: HIGH - LOW LOUDNESS:MUSCULAR ENERGY & BREATH

FORCE– AUDITORILY: LOUD- SOFT

LENGTH: AUDITORILY: LONG - SHORT QUALITY:

– ARTICULATORILY: SHAPE OF CAVITIES OR RESONATORS-

– AUDITORILY: TWO SOUNDS SAME PITCH-LOUDNESS – LENGTH ARE PERCEIVED AS DIFFERENT- STRONG -WEAK

PROMINENCE-FACTORSCORRELATES

PROMINENCE-FACTORSCORRELATES

PITCH HIGH LOW LOUDNESS LOUD SOFT LENGTH LONG SHORT QUALITY STRONG WEAK

NOT PLAY EQUALLY IMPORTANT PART- NOT PRESENT ALL TOGETHER PITCH CONTRAST IS ALWAYS PRESENT

LEXICAL – POST LEXICAL LEVELLEXICAL – POST LEXICAL LEVEL

STRESS – ACCENT

Phonological Notions word utterance

decontextualized contextualized

lexical abstraction concrete realization

anaylitcal phenomena observable ph.

potential for accent exponent of stress

DEGRESS OF STRESSDEGRESS OF STRESS

LEVELS OF STRESS– PRIMARY STRESS– SECONDARY STRESS– PROMINENT SYLLABLE– NON-PROMINENT SYLLABLE OR UNSTRESSED

– Dictionaries / Mental lexiconPhonemic pattern : pattern of soundsStress pattern: pattern of prominences

WORD STRESS NOTATIONWORD STRESS NOTATION

DIFFERENT NOTATION SYSTEMS PRIMARY STRESS :

– Capitalised– Underlined

Three most common:a- tonetic-stress marking system

b- interlinear notation c- tadpole- simplification of interlinear

STRESS SHIFTSTRESS SHIFT

PRIMARY STRESS SYLLABLE : – Pitch contrast initiatior– Secondary stress syllable: can take the

role of the primary syllableFactors: rhythmic pressure of the

context- redistribution of stresses ENGLISH: SIMPLE & COMPOUND WORDS

– Double stress pattern Attributive function: primary stress – lost Predicative function: secondary stress – lost-