strip-till corn production systems: the known and the unknown strip-till... · 140 160 180 200 220...
TRANSCRIPT
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Tony J. Vyn & Graduate Students, Colleagues & Farmers
Strip-Till Corn Production Systems: The Known and the Unknown
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Successful Strip Tillage after Soybean and Reasonable Soil Moisture Conditions
Source: Norm Larson, Elburn Co-op, IL
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Fall Strip Tillage
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Berms after Soybean Harvest
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Berm Heights in Spring after Successful Strip Tillage
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140
160
180
200
220
240
Early Normal Early Normal Early Normal
Strip-Till No-Till Chisel
Silty Clay, Corn-Soy Loam, Corn-Soy Loam, Cont. Corn
a a
b b baab ab
cabc
aab
bab ab
Corn Yield Response to Tillage and Planting Date in Indiana, 2003-04
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Spring Strip-till Berms
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Other Spring Tillage Options?
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100110120130140150160170180190200
Turboonce
Turbotwice
FieldCultivate
Strip-till No-Till
Courtesy: Phil Walker and Allen County SWCD
Spring Strip-Till vs. Turbo-Till® or FC North-East Purdue Ag Center, Columbia City (2004)
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100110120130140150160170180190200
Turboonce
Turbotwice
FieldCultivate
Strip-till No-Till
Cor
n Y
ield
(bu/
acre
)Fall Strip-Till vs. Turbo-Till® or FC North-East Purdue Ag Center, Columbia City (2005-2006)
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Strip Tillage for Corn after Corn?
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Split the middle w/oguidance
Source: Norm Larson, Elburn Co-op, IL
Strip-Till Corn after Corn
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0102030405060708090
100
Soy Corn
Chisel
Strip-tillNo-till
Previous Crop
Surface Residue Cover (%) after Planting Loam Soil, Wanatah, IN, 2001-2005
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204192
208
192201
180
120
140
160
180
200
220
Soybean Corn
Fall ChiselStrip-tillNo-till
Yie
ld (b
u./a
c)
Previous Crop
a ab
a a a
Strip Tillage for Corn after Soybean and Corn in N. Indiana, Loam Soil
(2001-07)
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244230
238226
237225
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
Soybean Corn
Fall PlowFall ChiselStrip-TillNo-Till
Yie
ld (b
u./a
c)
Previous Crop
a ab
aaa
Tillage Effects on Corn Yields after Soybean and Corn in N. Indiana, Loam Soil
(2007)
a a a
b
226
207
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Management Issues Include Automatic Guidance,Fertility, Prior Compaction, and Seed Row Uniformity
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Precision of Planting Following Strip Tillage ?
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Off the StripON the Strip
The Strip
Source: Norm Larson, Elburn Co-op, IL
Row Position is Critical
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RTK Planting after Strip-Till (West Lafayette, 2006)
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RTK Plot Harvest 2006
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208
210
212
214
216
218
220
222
Mean of April 11 and 27
Strip-till RTK
Strip-till Visual
Strip-till off 7"
No-till
Chisel Plow
ab
c
bc
ab
a
Average Corn Yield Response to RTK Precision at West Lafayette, IN, 2006
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Strip Tillage with Fertilizer Banding
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ARLINGTON, WI STRIPARLINGTON, WI STRIP--TILLAGE PROJECTTILLAGE PROJECT
•• Tillage/rotation study Tillage/rotation study since 1997since 1997–– Plano silt loam soilPlano silt loam soil–– StripStrip--till added in 2000till added in 2000–– Cont. corn, Cont. corn,
Soybean/corn, Soybean/corn, Corn/soybeanCorn/soybean
–– PK fertilizer: None, PK fertilizer: None, broadcast, deep, and broadcast, deep, and rowrow--placed at crop placed at crop removal rateremoval rate
–– Summarize 2001 Summarize 2001 –– 2004, 2004, stripstrip--till onlytill only
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ARLINGTON SOIL TESTARLINGTON SOIL TEST
YearYear pHpH Soil test PSoil test P(ppm)(ppm)
Soil test KSoil test K(ppm)(ppm)
NoneNone Bdct.Bdct. NoneNone Bdct.Bdct. NoneNone Bdct.Bdct.
20012001 6.76.7 6.76.7 4141 5151 9999 11011020052005 6.76.7 6.66.6 3838 5656 9191 120120
Source: D. Wolkowski, University of Wisconsin, 2007
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CORN GRAIN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY FERTILIZER CORN GRAIN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY FERTILIZER PLACEMENT IN STRIPPLACEMENT IN STRIP--TILLTILL
160
170
180
190
200
210
Yiel
d (b
u/a)
Cont. Corn Soybean/Corn
None BDCT 2x2 DEEP
Four Year Avg. (2001 Four Year Avg. (2001 –– 2004)2004)
Source: D. Wolkowski, University of Wisconsin, 2007
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Note: P2 O5 rate = 88 pounds/acre, and K2 O rate = 115 pounds/acre
All plots received a uniform 2 x 2” starter of 14 – 28 – 14 (N,P,K), plus a total N rate of 250 pounds/acre.
Strip Tillage with Nutrient Banding in Small-plot Research (West Lafayette, IN)
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Sponsor: PPI-FAR 2001-2003
Note: P2 O5 rate was 88 pounds/acre, and K2 O rate was 115 pounds/acreAll plots received a uniform 2 x 2” starter of 14 – 28 – 14 (N,P,K).
High Yield Corn Response to Placement
Hybrids: 1. Pioneer 34B242. Pioneer 34M95
Population/ Acre: 1. 32,0002. 42,000
P&K Fertilizer Placements: 1. Control
2. Broadcast3. Shallow Band (6”)4. Deep Band (12”)5. Shallow + Deep (6” and 12”)
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100
120
140
160
180
200
220
2001 2002 2003
Control
Broadcast
Band 6"
Band 12"
Band 6" and 12"
b abab a a
Yiel
d (b
u/ac
re)
BA A A A
“CONTROL”Soil-test P (0-4”): 15 25 30
(4-8”): 15 15 21Soil-test K (0-4”): 94 143 161
(4-8”): 107 101 110
Corn Yield Response to Fertility Placement, West Lafayette, IN, (2001-2003).
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
32,000 42,000
ControlBroadcastBand 6"Band 12"Band 6" & 12"
Plants/acre
K %
Placement Effects of P plus K on Leaf K % for Pion. 34M95 in 2003
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120130140150160170180190200210220
32,000 ppa 42,000 ppa
ControlBroadcastBand 6"Band 12"Band 6+12C
orn
Yiel
d (b
u/ac
re)
aab ab ab
Corn Yield Response of Pion. 34M95 to Alternate P plus K Placements in 2003
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Corn Response to Deep Banding at 6” Depth
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2005 2005 –– 2006 Experimental design2006 Experimental design
Field 54-55 July 7, 2006Split-split Plot Design
A) Block -2005: 5 - 2006: 6
B) Hybrid1_ Pioneer 31N28 (119 CRM)2_ Pioneer 31G68 (118 CRM)
C) Fertility Placement 1_ Check2_ Broadcast P+K 3_ Banded P+K4_ Banded P5_ Banded K
(applied in the previous fall)
N
C) 1,2,3,4,5
B)-1 B) 2
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Soil sampling (June/04)Planting 5/10/04
Residual Effects of Fertilizer P and K Placement in Corn on Subsequent No-till Soybean (2002-2006)
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100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
2001-2003-2005-2007
2002 2004 2006
Control
Broadcast P & K
Deep-Band P & K
Soil-test P (0-4”): 22 104 (4-8”): 21 94
Soil-test K (0-4”): 186 164 (4-8”): 94 125
Yiel
d (b
ushe
ls/a
cre)
aab
abba
abb aab
b
Six inch Band P and K Placement Effects on Strip-till Corn Yield (mean of 2 hybrids, 2001-2006)
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Starter Fertilizer* Influence on Corn Response to Deep Banding (2007)
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
No Starter Starter
ControlBroadcastDeep Band P&KDeep Band PDeep Band K
* Starter was 10-34-0
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P<0.0001y = 8.0532x + 12614
R2 = 0.2612000
13000
14000
15000
16000
100 150 200 250 300
Soil-K 0-10 cm (ppm)
Yie
ld (k
g/ha
)
Broadcast P+K Banded P+K Banded KBanded P Check
Medium P Very high P
P<0.0001y = 77.663x + 10825
R2 = 0.438000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Soil-P 0-10 cm (ppm)
Yie
ld (k
g/ha
)
Broadcast P+K Banded P+K Banded KBanded P Check
* Grain yields (2005) * Grain yields (2006)
Corn grain yield relationships, within fertility treatments, to soil-test P or K at the plot level.
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P<0.0001y = 35614x + 5032.5
R2 = 0.66
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
Ear leaf P concentration (%)
Yie
ld (k
g/ha
)
Broadcast P+K Banded P+K Banded KBanded P Check
ACRE 2001-2006 Experiment
Corn grain yield relationships, within fertility treatments, to ear leaf-P or K at the plot level.
Medium P Soil* Grain yields (2005)
Very high P
P=0.0001y = 876.28x + 12815
R2 = 0.23
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Ear leaf K concentration (%)
Yie
ld (k
g/ha
)
Broadcast P+K Banded P+K Banded KBanded P Check
* Grain yields (2006)
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SIMBAL model for soil moisture availability related to corn grain yielddifferences in 2004 versus 2005.
PWP 30 mm
PWP 54 mm
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100103106109
2004 - Days after planting
0-15 cm 15-30 cm
Soil
moi
stur
e co
nten
t (m
m)
SILKING
PWP 26 mm
PWP 43 mm
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101106111116121
2005 - Days after planting
Soil
moi
stur
e co
nten
t (m
m)
0-15 cm 15-30 cm
SILKINGV10
2004
2005
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Strip-till Corn: The Known1. Strip-till corn yields are no better than no-till corn
yields when corn follows soybean.2. The biggest advantages for strip-till over no-till are
increased planting date flexibility, early soil warmth, and the opportunity for fertilizer banding.
3. Strip tillage is clearly superior to no-till on medium to fine-textured soils (with poor drainage) when corn follows corn.
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Strip-till Corn: The Unknown1. P and K fertilizer placement: Should deep-band always be in the same position? Can deep-band replace starter? Can deep-band replace broadcast altogether? Can P and K rates be lowered? Soil sampling position?2. What are the best options in spring when wet falls
prevent completion of fall strip-till?3. Can strip-till equal the erosion control of no-till on
steep slopes?
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5. Optimum row position when strip-till corn follows corn?
6. The additional yield and profitability gains with automatic guidance & controlled traffic systems in future.
4. Relative importance of the shank design versus the berm configurations in achieving higher yields on different soils.
Strip-till Corn: The Unknown (Continued)
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7. Who is going to do the Research!
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Funding:USDA-CASMGS Purdue University (Mary S. Rice & Mission Oriented Funds)Foundation for Agronomic Research (PPI or IPNI)Fluid Fertilizer FoundationJohn Deere & Co.
Equipment:John Deere Cropping Systems Unit
Case-DMI (Goodfield, IL)Remlinger (Kalida, OH)
Seed:Pioneer Hi-Bred, Int.
Acknowledgments