Mustafa Pasha – MTS 242 – Computer Aided Drawing 1

Structural Drawings

Chapter 23

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Motivationhttp://dynfb.com/apps/appPlant/gateway.asp

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Structures

Structural engineering is generally associated with commercial steel and

concrete buildings, and in some situations, it is also used for the

structural design of residential buildings

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Introduction• Structural drafting techniques are

generally the same as mechanical drafting; usually they are a combination of mechanical and architectural methods used

• Differences develop due to raw materials used, methods of fabrication, & standards.

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Structural Shapes

• I beam

• Tee

• Channels

• Angle

• Plates

Refer to figure 23.1 of textbook

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Line work Lines used in structural drafting are generally the same as

those used in mechanical drafting

• Lines may heavier or thinner than normal depending on the emphasis & size of the drawing

• Dimension lines may be drawn with a space for the numeral or the numeral may be placed above the dimension line

• Dimension lines may be capped with arrowheads, slashes, or dots

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Lettering

• Structural lettering is generally slanted gothic style and freer in style than mechanical lettering

• Lettering heights:– All lettering, except titles: 1/8” to 5/32” (3-

4mm)– Titles: 3/16” to ¼” (5-6 mm)

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Coordination of Working Drawings

• The structural drawings are a portion of a complete set of working drawings

• A page numbering system is used in order to organization each type of drawing on a commercial project (AIA Handbook of Professional Practices)

• The structural drawings can have a series of sheets that are numbered such as: S1.1, S1.2 – S2.1, S2.2, S2.3 – S3.1,S3.2, S3.3 etc.

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Example of how drawing elements are coordinated

between pages of drawings.

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Laying out Details & Sections

• Details & sections may be placed with the drawing where they relate or placed on a separate sheet.

• All Details should be grouped together and organized from left to right, & laid out in sequential order on the drawing sheet.

• Sections are laid out in the same manner with labels in alphabetical order.

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Concrete Construction Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, sand, gravel,

and water.

• Concrete is the fundamental material for foundations

• Concrete is used in commercial sites for wall and floor systems

• Concrete can be poured or pre-formed into structural shapes

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Steel Reinforcing of Concrete Concrete alone has excellent compression qualities but add steel and the tension properties improve to make it

stronger

• Reinforced Concrete: Concrete poured around steel bars placed in the forms

• Rebar: The steel bars

• The most common steel reinforcing is plane and deformed, in round or square bars

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Types of Concrete Construction

• Poured-in-place concrete

• Pre-cast Concrete

• Tilt-up Pre-cast Concrete

• Concrete Block Construction

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Concrete Structural Drawings

• Concrete material symbols are used where appropriate

• Rebar is shown as a very thick line or a thick dashed line in the longitudinal view and a round dot where the rebar appears cut

• When drawing concrete block structures details of the steel reinforcing patterns are shown

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Steel

Three Categories:– Steel Studs– Prefabricated Steel Structures– Steel-framed Structures

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Structural Systems The structural system is made up of the frame that

support the walls and roof.• Wall System – Horizontal Girts

attached to the vertical structure and metal wall sheets attached to the girts.

• Roof System – Horizontal Purlins attached to the structure and metal sheets attached to the Purlins.

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Common Structural Steel Materials

• Plates – Flat pieces of steel of various thickness used at the intersection of different members.

• Bars – Used as supports or braces for other steel parts or connectors

• Structural Shapes – Available in several different manufactured shapes

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Structural Steel Callouts Structural steel materials are specified by shape

designation, flange width, and weight in pounds per linear foot

• For Example: W 24 x 120

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Structural Steel Shapes• W –wide flange shapes• S – American Std. Beam• M – Misc. beam & column

shape• C – American Std.

Channels• MC – Misc. channel shapes• WT – Structural tees cut

from W shapes

• ST – structural tees cut from S shapes

• MT – structural tees cut from M shapes

• T – structural tees• Z – zee shapes• HP – steel H piling

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Shop Drawings

• Shop drawings are used to break each individual component of a structural engineering drawing down into fabrication parts

• Also referred to as “Fabrication Drawings”

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Common Connection Methods

• Bolting

• Nails

• Welding

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Components in a Set of Structural Drawings

• Floor Plan• Foundation Plan and Details• Concrete Slab Plan and Details• Roof Framing Plan and Details• Roof Drainage Plan• Building Sections• Exterior Elevations, Panel Plan, and Wall

Details• Drawing Revisions

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Layouts & Drawings

http://www.chemionix.com/2d_drawings.html

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Example of Structural Drawings. http://www.hi-spec-uk.com/eng/page1.htm