structural equation modeling made easy a tutorial based on a behavioral study of communication in...
TRANSCRIPT
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Structural Equation Modeling Made Easy
A Tutorial Based on a Behavioral Study of Communication in Virtual Teams Using WarpPLS
Ned Kock
![Page 2: Structural Equation Modeling Made Easy A Tutorial Based on a Behavioral Study of Communication in Virtual Teams Using WarpPLS Ned Kock](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e525503460f94b4813d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline of tutorial
• 5-minute video clip (available from YouTube via WarpPLS.com).
• Basic overview of structural equation modeling (SEM).
• Study of communication in virtual teams using WarpPLS.
• Overview of web resources on WarpPLS, including download site and blog.
Note: Questions will be answered at any time during the tutorial.
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5-minute video clip (available from YouTube via WarpPLS.com)
![Page 4: Structural Equation Modeling Made Easy A Tutorial Based on a Behavioral Study of Communication in Virtual Teams Using WarpPLS Ned Kock](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e525503460f94b4813d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Basic overview of structural equation modeling (SEM)
![Page 5: Structural Equation Modeling Made Easy A Tutorial Based on a Behavioral Study of Communication in Virtual Teams Using WarpPLS Ned Kock](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e525503460f94b4813d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Comparison of means model
commor easgen
Note: Also testable through correlation analysis.
Predictor or independent variable
Criterion or dependent variable
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Multiple ANOVAs
commor easgen
easund
comple
Note: The test would be MANOVA if the impact of “commor” on the three dependent variables as a group was being assessed.
Independent variable
Dependent variables
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Multiple regression
commor easgen
easund
comple
Dependent variable
Independent variables
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Path analysis
commor easgen
easund
comple
Dependent variable
Independent variables
easuse
Intervening variable
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SEM techniques• Structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques
can be:– Covariance-based – e.g., those employed by the
statistical software analysis tool called LISREL.– Variance-based – e.g., those employed in partial least
squares (PLS) analysis.
• SEM techniques are known as second generation data analysis techniques.
• SEM allows for the modeling and testing of relationships among multiple independent and dependent constructs, all at once.
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Constructs, indicators and paths• Construct
– This is a theoretical concept that is not directly measurable. Also known as latent variable.
• Indicator– Is a measurable variable used to represent a
construct (e.g., item on a questionnaire). Also referred to as manifest variable, item, and indicant.
• Path– Is the link between constructs, or from construct to
indicator. Also known as link, and often measured through a path coefficient.
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Path coefficient Path coefficient between Y and X = standardized
partial regression of Y on X controlling for the effect of one (e.g., Z) or more variables.
Mathematical formula
X
Y
Z
Diagrammatic representation
Partial regression (standardized) of Y and X, controlling for Z.
Partial regression (standardized) of Y on Z, controlling for X.
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Endogenous vs. exogenous• Exogenous construct
– This is a construct that is independent of any other constructs.
– No other constructs point at it in an SEM diagram.– Also known as exogenous latent variable.
• Endogenous construct– This is a construct that depends on one or more
other constructs.– Is pointed at by one or more constructs in an SEM
diagram.– Also known as endogenous latent variable.
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SEM model componentsConstruct (a.k.a. latent variable)
Exogenous construct (a.k.a. independent construct)
Indicator
Path
Interaction effect construct (a.k.a. moderating effect construct)
Source: Chin (2001)
Endogenous construct (a.k.a. dependent construct)
Path coefficient
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Reflective measurement
• In this form of construct measurement, paths connecting construct to indicators are directed towards the indicators.
• The indicators are supposed to load strongly on the construct.
• Such constructs are often designated as latent constructs (or reflective latent constructs).
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Formative measurement
• In this form of construct measurement, paths connecting construct to indicators are directed towards the construct.
• The indicators are not assumed to have to load strongly on the construct.
• Such constructs are often designated as formative latent constructs.
• Only variance-based SEM techniques (e.g., PLS) can deal with formative latent constructs.
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Study of communication in virtual teams using WarpPLS
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Participants
• Contact persons in a variety of companies in the Northeastern USA were selected to participate in the study.
• To be included in this study, each company must have developed a product that had been launched into the marketplace and commercialized for at least six months.
• Data from 290 new product development (NPD) projects in 66 companies were obtained.
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Research instrument
• A questionnaire developed based on previous research on NPD teams was used.
• All constructs in the study were measured using multiple-item scales, which in turn were Likert-type scales (0 = “Strongly Disagree” to 10 = “Strongly Agree”).
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Constructs and measures
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Constructs and measures (cont.)
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Step 1: Create project file
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Step 2: Read raw data
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Step 3: Pre-process data
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Step 4: Define model
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Step 5: Perform analysis
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Overview of web resources on WarpPLS
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WarpPLS.com
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WarpPLS blog
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WarpPLS on YouTube
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Thank you!