structural hierarchy in proteins. the reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis
Post on 21-Dec-2015
217 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Structural hierarchy in proteins
![Page 2: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis
![Page 3: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The hypothetical rate of the carboxypeptidase-catalyzed release of amino acids: all bonds cleaved at the same rate
![Page 4: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The hypothetical rate of the carboxypeptidase-catalyzed release of amino acids: Ser slow, Tyr fast, and Leu intermediate
![Page 5: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Specificities of various exopeptidases
![Page 6: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Specificities of various endopeptidases
![Page 7: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Edman degradation
![Page 8: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain
![Page 9: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Primary structure of bovine insulin
![Page 10: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Flow diagram for polypeptide
synthesis by the solid phase method
![Page 11: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Amino acids with benzyl-protected side chains and Boc-protected -amino groups
![Page 12: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Connecting two peptides: native chemical ligation
![Page 13: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
END
![Page 14: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Amino Acid Sequences of Cytochromes c from 38 species
![Page 15: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Amino Acid Sequences of Cytochromes c from 38 Species
![Page 16: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Amino Acid Difference Matrix for 26 Species of Cytochrome ca
![Page 17: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The PAM-250 Log Odds Substitution Matrix
![Page 18: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Flow diagram of the chain-terminator (dideoxy) method of DNA sequencing
![Page 19: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Autoradiograph of
a sequencing gel
![Page 20: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A portion of the output of a four reaction/one gel sequencing system
![Page 21: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Genome sequencing strategies
![Page 22: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scanning electron microscope of human erythrocytes. (a) Normal human erythrocytes revealing their biconcave disklike shape
![Page 23: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Scanning electron microscope of human erythrocytes. (b) Sickled erythrocytes from an individual with sickle-cell anemia
![Page 24: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A map indicating the regions of the world where malaria caused by P. falciparum was prevalent before 1930
![Page 25: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Phylogenic tree of cytochrome c
![Page 26: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Rates of evolution of four unrelated proteins
![Page 27: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
A phylogenetic tree for cytochrome c
![Page 28: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Phylogenetic tree of the globin family
![Page 29: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Rate of sequence change in evolving proteins. (a) Protein evolving at random and that initially consists of 5% each of the 20 “standard” amino acid residues
![Page 30: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Rate of sequence change in evolving proteins. (b) A protein of average amino acid composition evolving as is observed in nature
![Page 31: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sequence alignment with dot matrices
![Page 32: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The optical alignments of human myoglobin (Mb, 153 residues) and the human hemoglobin chain (Hb, 141 residues)
![Page 33: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A guide to the significance of normalized alignment scores (NAS) in the comparison of peptide sequences
![Page 34: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Use of the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm [alignment of 10-residue peptide (horizontal) with 11-residue peptide (vertical)]. (a) Comparison matrix
![Page 35: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Use of the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm [alignment of 10-residue peptide (horizontal) with 11-residue peptide (vertical)]. (b) Transforming the matrix
![Page 36: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Use of the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm [alignment of 10-residue peptide (horizontal) with 11-residue peptide (vertical)]. (c) Transformed matrix
![Page 37: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Phylogenetic trees
![Page 38: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
An unrooted phylogenetic tree of the five HIPIP sequences that are aligned in Fig. 7-30c
![Page 39: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Manipulations employed in the neighbor-joining method for the construction of a phylogenetic tree
![Page 40: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
A DNA chip
![Page 41: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The photolithographic synthesis of a DNA chip
![Page 42: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Variation in the expression of genes that encode proteins known as cyclins (Section 34-4C) in human tissues
![Page 43: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Some Sequenced Genomes
![Page 45: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Some Sequenced Genomes
![Page 46: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Amino acid analysis via HPLC
![Page 47: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The generation of the gas phase ions required for the mass spectrometric analysis of proteins: electrospray ionization (ESI)
![Page 48: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The generation of the gas phase ions required for the mass spectrometric analysis of proteins: matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization (MALDI)
![Page 49: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The generation of the gas phase ions required for the mass spectrometric analysis of proteins: fast atom bombardment (FAB)
![Page 50: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The ESI-MS spectrum of the 17 kD horse heart protein apomyoglobin
![Page 51: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The use of a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) in amino acid sequencing
![Page 52: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Peptide mapping
![Page 53: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The tandem mass spectrum of the doubly charged ion of the 14-residue human [Glu1]fibrinopeptide B (m/z = 786)
![Page 54: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Peptide mapping
![Page 55: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Sequence determination of an oligonucleotide by partial digestion with snake venom phosphodiesterase
![Page 56: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Use of the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm [alignment of 10-residue peptide (horizontal) with 11-residue peptide (vertical)].
(d) Alignment
![Page 57: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Examples of peptide sequence alignments
![Page 58: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Reaction cycle in the phosphoramidite method of oligonucleotide synthesis
![Page 59: Structural hierarchy in proteins. The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group analysis](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649d6b5503460f94a49dcd/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
World Wide Web Addresses for the Major Protein and DNA Sequence Data Banks